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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

Uni/multi cellular organisms that contain a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles

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2
Q

Describe the functions of a nucleus (4)

A

Contains chromosomes
Controls cell activities
Has a double membrane (nuclear envelope)
Has pores (mRNA out; nucleotides enter; ATP enter)

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3
Q

What are the functions of mitochondria? (2)

A

Aerobic respiration

ATP production

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4
Q

What are Cristae?

A

Infoldings on inner membrane of mitochondria that contain electron carriers in sequence

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5
Q

What’s a matrix?

A

Background material of mitochondria that contains enzymes and substrates

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6
Q

Describe Rough ER?

A

Rough due to presence of ribosomes

Involved in protein synthesis

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7
Q

Describe smooth ER

A

Involved in lipid synthesis

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8
Q

In ER what are the proteins/lipids released in?

A

A vesicle (membrane bound sac)

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9
Q

How does the Golgi Body work?

A

Vesicle with protein in (from ER) goes in where it is sorted, modifies and packaged
The vesicle containing modified protein is pinched off

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10
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

They contain strong hydrologic enzymes
Must be in a vesicle
Enzymes break down old cells/organelles

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11
Q

What do Centrioles do?

A

Produces microtubules of tubulin (protein)

Produces spindle for cell division

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12
Q

What are ribosomes make up of?

A

2 subunits of rRNA and protein

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13
Q

What’s the function of a Vacuole?

A

Holds fluid in plant cell

Creates turgidity

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14
Q

What’s a Tonoplast?

A

The membrane around a vacuole

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15
Q

What’s the function of cilia/flagellum?

A

Moves mucus/egg

Moves cell eg sperm

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16
Q

What are cell walls made up of?

A

Cellulose fibrils

17
Q

What’s the function of a cell wall?

A

Provides support/mechanical strength

Resists turgor pressure when water enters (stops cell bursting)

18
Q

What is the structure between two adjacent cells?

A

Middle lamella

19
Q

Why does the pore between adjacent cells do?

A

Allows water movement and exchange between cells

20
Q

What’s the function of microvilli?

A

Increase surface area of the cell

Increase uptake by diffusion

21
Q

What is a cytoskeleton?

A

Internal set of microtubules
Internal ‘scaffolding’
Involved in transport in cell
Involved in cell division

22
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

A simple/single cell that doesn’t have a nucleus and chromosomes are free in cytoplasm

Biology (9 decks)

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