Enzymes Flashcards
To study for the Enzymes quiz on Oct. 22, 2024.
What kind of organic compounds are enzymes?
They are proteins and biological catalysts.
How do enzymes work?
They lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction
Why are enzymes essential to life?
Without enzymes, chemical reactions that are necessary for life would occur too slowly.
A substance which connects to an enzyme
A substrate
The part of the enzyme the substrate connects to
The active site
The suffix all enzyme names end in
-ase
Why are enzymes like a lock and key?
Because 1) a substrate must be exactly the right shape to fit into the active site of an enzyme, and 2) only one type of substrate can connect to one type of enzyme.
What are an enzyme and a substrate called when they are connected?
An enzyme-substrate complex
How many times can an enzyme be used?
No limit
If you add more substrates, the chemical reactions will _______.
continue
Under what pH conditions does the enzyme pepsin work best to digest food in the stomach?
acidic conditions
If you add more enzymes, the chemical reactions will _______.
continue
Enzymes which help break down substances ________ energy.
release
Chemical reactions which require energy to be added
Anabolic reactions
What molecules are table sugar (sucrose) made from?
Glucose and fructose
What does a catalyst do?
It speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
What temperature is optimal for enzymes in the human body?
37°C
Two things which denature an enzyme
Extreme pH and high temperature
What enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase speeds up the reaction that produces carbonic acid by a factor of ________.
10 million
4 functions of enzymes
- helping chemical pathways
- making materials cells need
- releasing energy
- transferring information
How can enzymes be turned “on” or “off”?
By molecules which carry chemical signals in cells
