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Biology > Ch. 8-2 > Flashcards

Ch. 8-2 Flashcards

to study for part of the final

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1
Q

2 main parts of (eukaryotic) cell

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

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2
Q

What is the name for parts of cells?

A

organelles

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3
Q

DNA is found in the ____ in eukaryotic cells and in the ____ in prokaryotic cells

A

nucleus; cytoplasm

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4
Q

Chromosomes attached to proteins and spread around the nucleus

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

Nuclei are surrounded by a
nuclear _______ composed of two ________

A

envelope; membranes

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6
Q

What three parts of the cell are involved in making and distributing proteins?

A

Ribosomes, Rough ER, and Golgi Apparatus

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7
Q

Where are lipids and carbohydrates synthesized?

A

Rough ER (lipids), Smooth ER (carbs)

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8
Q

Where are water, salt, proteins and carbs stored?

A

Vacuoles

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9
Q

What do vesicles do?

A

store & move materials between organelles (+ to & from cell surface)

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10
Q

alternative name for lysosome

A

cleanup crew, suicide bag, suicide sac

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11
Q

Lysosomes break down ________,_______, and _______ molecules so they can be used by other parts of the cell. They break down _______

A

lipid; carb; protein;

organelles that aren’t useful anymore

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12
Q

What gives eukaryotic cells their shape & internal organization?

A

The cytoskeleton

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13
Q

Some parts of the cytoskeleton move materials _______ and some move ______.

A

between organelles; the cell itself

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14
Q

Two main filaments of cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments & microtubles

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15
Q

What are microfilaments made of?

A

actin

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16
Q

What are microtubules made of?

A

tublins

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17
Q

Do microfilaments or microtubules make the framework which supports the cell?

A

Microfilaments

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18
Q

Do microfilaments or microtubules make the structure which helps separate chromosomes?

A

Microtubules

19
Q

Do microfilaments or microtubules make cilia and flagella?

A

Microtubules

20
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

A

To capture the energy of sunlight and convert said energy into food

21
Q

What does a mitochondrion do?

A

Powerhouse of the cell! (jk) For real, it converts the energy in food molecules into compounds the cell can actually use.

22
Q

How many membranes surround chloroplasts and mitochondria EACH?

A

Two

23
Q

How is mitochondria inherited?
Hint: alliteration

A

From the mother’s ovum (i.e., egg cell)
“Mitochondria” for “mom”

24
Q

True or False: chloroplasts & mitchondria have their own DNA

A

True

25
Q

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

A

Idea that mitochondria & chloroplasts exist today because a relationship between them was established 1 billion yrs ago

26
Q

What does the endosymbiotic theory mean for humans?

A

It means that DNA changes in human mitochondria affect cell & body health

27
Q

Where are cell walls?

A

Right outside the cell membrane

28
Q

Purpose of cell walls

A

support, shape & protect the cell

29
Q

What organisms do NOT have cell walls?

A

Animals

30
Q

Cell walls help plants resist the force of…

A

gravity

31
Q

Name one thing made of cell walls

A
  • wood
  • paper
32
Q

What organisms do NOT have cell membranes?

A

none; ALL cells have a membrane

33
Q

What do cell membranes do?

A

regulate what enters & leaves the cell, protects & supports the cell

34
Q

What part of the lipids in cell membranes is hydrophobic? What part is hydrophilic?

A

The fatty acid head is hydrophilic (water-loving). The tails are hydrophobic (water-hating).

35
Q

What part of the lipid is on the outer portion of the bilayer, and what part is in the inner part?

A

head - outer part
tails - inner part

36
Q

Define: when a cell membrane allows some substances to pass through it but not others

A

selective permeability

37
Q

What’s embedded in the lipid bilayer? What is attached to that embedded thing?

A

Proteins are embedded, and carbs are attached to the proteins.

38
Q

Why is the cell membrane referred to as a “fluid mosaic”?

A

a)the proteins in the lipid bilayer can move around the membrane, and
b) many different kinds of molecules make up the membrane

39
Q

Proteins in the cell membrane can form…

A

channels & pumps that help move materials around

40
Q

What can carbs in the cell membrane do to help other cells?

A

help cells to identify each other

41
Q

Proteins in the cell membrane attaching to the cytoskeleton allows cells to…

A

respond to the environment by using their membranes to change shape

42
Q

Name one thing eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells lack

A

nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, lysosomes, cytoskeleton (but pros do have filaments), centrioles, chloroplasts, mitochondria

43
Q

What do animal cells have that plant cells lack?

A

Centrioles, lysosomes (latter rarely appears in plants)

44
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells lack?

A

a cell wall

Biology (5 decks)

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