Ch. 12-4: Meiosis

Question 1

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 1

Cells where every chromosome in the male gamete corresponds with another in the female gamete

Question 2

Diploid
(hint: di = 2)

Answer 2

cell w/ 2 sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 3

The diploids of most adult organisms have what?

Answer 3

2 complete sets of inherited chromosomes
2 complete sets of genes

Question 4

symbol for # of chromosomes in a diploid
(hint: multiplication)

Answer 4

2N

Question 5

Haploid

Answer 5

cell w/ 1 set of of chromosomes

Question 6

One example of an organism w/ haploid gametes

Answer 6

• fruit flies
• peas

Question 7

symbol for # of chromosomes in a haploid

Answer 7

N

Question 8

What is meiosis and how is it carried out?

Answer 8

process where # of chromosomes in a cell is reduced in half, via separation of diploid’s chromosomes

Question 9

True or False: 2 chromatids in a chromosome are genetically identical

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What does it mean for homologous male & female chromosomes to cross over?

Answer 10

they exchange some genetic information to form tetrads

Question 11

What forms near the end of Prophase I?

Answer 11

spindle fibers

Question 12

What happens in Metaphase I?

Answer 12

Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up across the cell’s center

Question 13

What happens between metaphase I and anaphase I?

Answer 13

the homologous pairs of chromosomes separate

Question 14

What happens in Anaphase I?

Answer 14

spindles pull each pair of homologous chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell

Question 15

What happens at the end of telophase?

Answer 15

The separated chromosomes cluster at opposite ends of the cell

Question 16

What happens in telophase I?

Answer 16

A nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes

Question 17

How many cells are there at the end of meiosis I? Are their chromosomes the same as each other?

Answer 17

2; no

Question 18

True or False: chromosomes replicate right before Meiosis II

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What becomes visible in Prophase II?

Answer 19

chromosomes

Question 20

True or False: chromosomes form tetrads in Prophase II like in Prophase I

Answer 20

False

Question 21

True or False: Metaphase II through Cytokinesis is the same process as Metaphase I through Cytokinesis
(hint: process ≠ result)

Answer 21

True

Question 22

How many cells are there by the end of Meiosis II?

Answer 22

4

Question 23

name of male gametes

Answer 23

sperm

Question 24

Does each daughter cell resulting from meiosis II contain 2N chromsomes or N chromosomes? Exactly what number of chromosomes is that?

Answer 24

N; 2 chromosomes

Question 25

name of female gametes

Answer 25

egg/ovum

Question 26

True or false: mitosis is never asexual reproduction

Answer 26

False

Question 27

True or false: meiosis is never asexual reproduction

Answer 27

True

Question 28

𝑀𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑠. 𝑀𝑒𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠: Type of chromosome set given to daughter cells

Answer 28

mitosis: complete diploid meiosis: haploid

Question 29

True or false: alleles in meiosis end up in different gamete cells, and this is due to them being segregated

Answer 29

True

Question 30

𝑀𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑠. 𝑀𝑒𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠: change in chromosome #

Answer 30

mitosis: same # meiosis: cut in half

Question 31

𝑀𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑠. 𝑀𝑒𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠: # of rounds of cell division

Answer 31

mitosis: 1 round meisois: 2 rounds

Question 32

𝑀𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑠. 𝑀𝑒𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠: resulting cells

Answer 32

mitosis - 2 diploid cells that have the same genes meiosis - 4 haploid cells that are genetically different

Question 33

Genes on different chromosomes are assorted ________, but genes on the same chromosomes are ________ ___________

Answer 33

independently; inherited together

Question 34

Thomas Hunt Morgan found out that chromosomes are in fact...

Answer 34

a bunch of genes linked together

Question 35

Thomas Hunt Morgan found out that _________ assort independently rather than individual genes

Answer 35

chromosomes

Question 36

True or False: alleles are on different genes, but on the same chromosomes, are generally inherited together

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

In what cases do alleles on the same chromosome assort independently?

Answer 37

When the alleles are really far apart from each other

Question 38

If two genes are farther apart on a chromosome, is it more likely or less likely that they'll cross over?

Answer 38

more likely

Question 39

True or False: 2 genes that are far apart are more likely to be linked

Answer 39

False

Question 40

What does a gene map show?

Answer 40

The relative location of all the genes on a chromosome