enzymes

Question 1

what is metabolism

Answer 1

all chemical reactions that occur inside organisms e.g body

Question 2

what are anabolic reactions?

Answer 2

-anabolism = reactions that build up larger, more complex molecules from smaller, simpler ones

Question 3

what are catabolic reactions?
example?

Answer 3

-catabolism = break done of larger, complex molecules —> smaller, simpler ones
e.g = digestion

Question 4

name 3 types of digestive enzymes?

Answer 4

-lipase
-protease
-carbohydrase

Question 5

what is carbohydrase produced?

Answer 5

-small intestine
-pancreas
-salivary gland

Question 6

what do carbohydrase break down? product?

Answer 6

-polysaccharides(large complez carbs) = starch
product =
disaccharides and monosaccharides (simple sugars) glucose

Question 7

where is lipase produced?

Answer 7

-small intestine
-pancreas

Question 8

what do lipase enzymes break down ? product?

Answer 8

-lipids
–> 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

Question 9

where is protease produced?

Answer 9

-stomach
-small intestine
-pancreas

Question 10

what does protease break down? prdouct?

Answer 10

-proteins
—> shorter protein chains & amino acids

Question 11

what js the metabolic rate controlled by?

Answer 11

thyroxine

Question 12

for anabolic reactions is energy inputted or outputted?

Answer 12

inputted by respiration
= energy to build up larger molecules

Question 13

for catabolic reactions is energy inputted or outputted?

Answer 13

outputted

Question 14

give 2 examples of anabolic reactions?

Answer 14

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol = 1 lipid

glucose + nitrate ions = amino acids

Question 15

give 4 e.gs of catabolic reactions?

Answer 15

1. proteins –>amino acids
2. amino acids–>urea (liver)
3. starch/cellose/gylcogen –>glucose
   4.lipid—>1gycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 16

what is the monomer protiens (polymers) are made up of?

Answer 16

amino acids

Question 17

what are the functions of proteins?

Answer 17

Structure
Transport
Enzymes
Antibodies
Membrane
Hormones

Question 18

give examples of all fucntions of protein?

Answer 18

Sructure = keratin/collagen
Transport = heamaglobin
Enzymes
Antibodies
Membrane - cell surface membrane
Hormones = insulin-secreted in pancreas

Question 19

enzymes are biological catalysts what does this mean?

Answer 19

a substance which increases the speed of reaction without being chamged or used up

Question 20

in an enzymic reaction where does the substrate bind
to (like a lock & key)

Answer 20

the active site = complementary to each indivuidual substrate

Question 21

explain the proces of an enzymic reaction?

Answer 21

substrate + active site BIND = forms ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
—> catalysis

ENZYME PRODUCT COMPLEX FORMED
—-> product + unchanged enzyme (can be re used)

Question 22

if the enzymes de nature why will no reaction occur?

Answer 22

-denatured enzymes =
active site changed, = not complemanetary to substrate = no enzyme substrate complex’s can form = no reaction

Question 23

give 2 reasons why bile needs to be added into the small intestine?

Answer 23

neutralization the stomach acid as the PH is to high = allows enzymes in small intestine can work at optimum PH

emulsifies fat = breaks down larger fat molecules which lipase cant break down —-> smaller tiny fat droplets
(catabolic reaction)

Question 24

hows does temp affect enzymes from working?

Answer 24

-at a too LOW temp enzymes will be INACTIVE
higher temp = high KENETIC ENRGY = more collisions/ sucessful collision =more reactions
OPTIMUM TEMP = HIGH ROR

after the opitmum temp = enzymes denature —>ROR decreases

Question 25

how does PH affect how enzymes work?

Answer 25

when the PH becomes to acidic or alkaline for the enzmes it will denature
=no enzyme subsrate complexes form = ROR decreases

Question 26

what test do use for starch?

Answer 26

iodine

Question 27

how do you test for starch?
positive result?

Answer 27

-add few drops of iodine into sample & shake
red brick –>blue balck

Question 28

what test for sugars?

Answer 28

benedicts solution

Question 29

how do you test for sugar?
positive test?

Answer 29

-add 10 drops of benedicts solution to food sample
-place in 75 degrees water bath
-leaves for 5 mins
blue —> green, yellow or brick red

Question 30

test for protein?

Answer 30

biuret solution

Question 31

how do u carry out test for protein?
positive test?

Answer 31

-add 2cm^3 to food sample
-mix
blue —-> purple

Question 32

test for lipids?

Answer 32

sudan 111

Question 33

how do u test for lipids??

Answer 33

add 3 drops of sudan 111 to test tube
if positive = lipid will seprerate out
= a brigh red layer will form on top

Question 34

equation for rate of reaction?

Answer 34

1000/time

Question 35

RPA (how does PH affect enzyme amalyase) what r u testing?

Answer 35

-how long it takes for amalyase to brek down starch with different PH’s

Question 36

what solution is used in RPA 4?

Answer 36

iodine solution to see if starch is present or absent

Question 37

name 2 risks of RPA 4 ?

Answer 37

-were goggles
-beware of boiling water

Question 38

explain method for RPA 4?

Answer 38

-add a drop iodine into each spotting tile
-use a syringe to add 1cm^3 of amylase solution and 1cm^3 of BUFFER solution with PH 5 to a boiling tuve
-place in 30 degree water bath for 5 mins
-use diff syringe to add 5cm3 of starch solution to boiling tube
-mix and start clock
-after every 30 secs add a drop of solution into well
-when solution stays brown/orange/red = starch no present - stop clock
-repeat with diff PH buffers