enzymes

Question 1

what are enzymes

Answer 1

biological catalysts as they speed up rate of chemical reactions

Question 2

what is the lock and key model

Answer 2

-active site of enzyme is perfectly complementary to substrate
-an enzyme substrate complex is formed
-products of reaction leave active site

Question 3

what is the induced fit model

Answer 3

Enzyme active site is complementary to the substrate​

When substrate binds a conformital chnage occurs in the tertiary structure of the enzymes active site

This stresses the h bonds in the substrate​

Reducing the activation energy for the reaction​as they require little energy to break

The reaction occurs quicker

Question 4

how does temperature affect enzyme activity

Answer 4

-high temperature will increase ke and make enzyme molecules vibrate more if temp gets too high this vibration can break the h bonds holding together the enzymes tertiary shape so the active site will no longer be complementary to the substrate so enzyme is denatured

Question 5

how does ph affect enzyme activity

Answer 5

the H+ and OH- found in acids and alkalis can mess up the ionic and hydrogen bonds that holds together the enzymes tertiary structure which can denature the enzyme

Question 6

how does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity

Answer 6

more substrate molecules means a collison between a substrate and enzyme is more likely so more esc will form until saturation point where all active sites are full

Question 7

what is a competitive inhibitor

Answer 7

-have a similar shape to substrate
-bind to the active site to block any substrate molecules out so no esc can form
-adding substrates can knock out the comp inhibitor from the active site

Question 8

what is a non competitive inhibitor

Answer 8

-bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme
-this causes a change in shape of the active site so substrate molecules can no longer bind to it