Carbohydrates

Question 1

what is a monomer

Answer 1

smaller units which can create larger molecules

Question 1

what is a polymer

Answer 1

molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

Question 2

what are some examples of monomers

Answer 2

-glucose
-amino acids
-nucleotides

Question 3

what are some examples of polymers

Answer 3

-DNA +RNA
-protein
-starch,cellulose,glycogen

Question 4

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 4

joining together two molecules with a chemical bond by removing a water molecule

Question 5

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 5

splitting apart two molecules by breaking the chemical bond by adding a water molecule

Question 6

what elements do carbs contain

Answer 6

carbon,oxygen,hydrogen

Question 7

is the OH in alpha glucose on the top or bottom of diagram

Answer 7

bottom

Question 8

how are disaccharides formed

Answer 8

made of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond formed via a condensation reaction

Question 9

how is maltose formed

Answer 9

condensation reaction joining two alpha glucose molecules

Question 10

how is sucrose formed

Answer 10

condensation reaction joining alpha glucose and fructose

Question 11

how is lactose formed

Answer 11

Condensation reaction joining galactose and alpha glucose

Question 12

what two polymers is starch composed of

Answer 12

amylose and amylopectin

Question 13

describe the structure of amylose and how it fits its role

Answer 13

twisted straight chain made up of alpha glucose molecules bonded in 1-4 glycosidic bonds . This helix structure allows it to be very compact which is good as starch is a storage molecule

Question 14

describe the structure of amylopectin and how it fits its role

Answer 14

amylopectin is mainly made up of alpha glucose bonded by 1-6 glycosidic bonds which creates a highly branched molecule.This provides a larger sa which enables rapid hydrolysis of starch back to glucose

Question 15

how is starch a good store of glucose

Answer 15

-large sa for rapid hydrolysis
-helix allows compact so lots of glucose can be stored in a small space
-insoluble so wont affect water potential

Question 16

where is starch found

Answer 16

starch grains in plant cells

Question 17

describe the structure of glycogen

Answer 17

alpha glucose bonded by 1-4 and many 1-6 glycosidic bonds creating a highly branched molecule

Question 18

how is glycogen a good store of glucose

Answer 18

-insoluble
-large sa for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose

Question 19

where is glycogen found

Answer 19

liver and muscle cells

Question 20

describe the structure of cellulose

Answer 20

made up of beta glucose bonded by 1-4 glycosidic bonds creating long straight chains that lay parallel and are held together by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils

Question 21

how does celluloses structure allow it to provide strength

Answer 21

-many h bonds create a stable structure
-gaps between fibrils allow water and minerals into plant