Carbohydrates Flashcards
what is a monomer
smaller units which can create larger molecules
what is a polymer
molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
what are some examples of monomers
-glucose
-amino acids
-nucleotides
what are some examples of polymers
-DNA +RNA
-protein
-starch,cellulose,glycogen
what is a condensation reaction
joining together two molecules with a chemical bond by removing a water molecule
what is a hydrolysis reaction
splitting apart two molecules by breaking the chemical bond by adding a water molecule
what elements do carbs contain
carbon,oxygen,hydrogen
is the OH in alpha glucose on the top or bottom of diagram
bottom
how are disaccharides formed
made of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond formed via a condensation reaction
how is maltose formed
condensation reaction joining two alpha glucose molecules
how is sucrose formed
condensation reaction joining alpha glucose and fructose
how is lactose formed
Condensation reaction joining galactose and alpha glucose
what two polymers is starch composed of
amylose and amylopectin
describe the structure of amylose and how it fits its role
twisted straight chain made up of alpha glucose molecules bonded in 1-4 glycosidic bonds . This helix structure allows it to be very compact which is good as starch is a storage molecule
describe the structure of amylopectin and how it fits its role
amylopectin is mainly made up of alpha glucose bonded by 1-6 glycosidic bonds which creates a highly branched molecule.This provides a larger sa which enables rapid hydrolysis of starch back to glucose
how is starch a good store of glucose
-large sa for rapid hydrolysis
-helix allows compact so lots of glucose can be stored in a small space
-insoluble so wont affect water potential
where is starch found
starch grains in plant cells
describe the structure of glycogen
alpha glucose bonded by 1-4 and many 1-6 glycosidic bonds creating a highly branched molecule
how is glycogen a good store of glucose
-insoluble
-large sa for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
where is glycogen found
liver and muscle cells
describe the structure of cellulose
made up of beta glucose bonded by 1-4 glycosidic bonds creating long straight chains that lay parallel and are held together by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils
how does celluloses structure allow it to provide strength
-many h bonds create a stable structure
-gaps between fibrils allow water and minerals into plant
