Enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes?

Answer 1

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.

Question 2

What is the structure of an enzyme?

Answer 2

Enzymes are globular proteins with a specific three-dimensional structure, consisting of an active site where the substrate binds.

Question 3

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 3

The active site is the region on an enzyme where the substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Question 4

What determines enzyme specificity?

Answer 4

Enzyme specificity is determined by the shape of the active site, which is complementary to the shape of the substrate.

Question 5

What are the types of enzyme inhibition?

Answer 5

• Competitive
• Non-competitive

Question 6

What is competitive inhibition?

Answer 6

Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme.

Question 7

What is non-competitive inhibition?

Answer 7

Non-competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, causing a change in enzyme shape and function.

Question 8

What is Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

Answer 8

Michaelis-Menten kinetics describes the rate of enzymatic reactions by relating reaction rate to substrate concentration.

Question 9

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Answer 9

• pH
• Temperature
• Enzyme concentration
• Substrate concentration

Question 10

Temperature

Answer 10

Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to an optimal point, after which activity decreases due to denaturation.

Question 11

pH

Answer 11

Each enzyme has an optimal pH range.

Question 12

Substrate Concentration

Answer 12

Activity increases with substrate concentration up to a saturation point.

Question 13

Enzyme Concentration

Answer 13

Increasing enzyme concentration increases reaction rate, provided substrate concentration is adequate

Question 14

What is the enzyme-substrate complex?

Answer 14

The enzyme-substrate complex is a temporary molecule formed when an enzyme comes into perfect contact with its substrate.

Question 15

What is allosteric regulation of enzymes?

Answer 15

Allosteric regulation involves the binding of molecules at sites other than the active site, which induces conformational changes affecting enzyme activity.