Biological Molecules

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

one of many small molecules that combine to form a polymer

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

large molecule made from many similar repeating units

Question 3

Macromolecule

Answer 3

large molecule formed due to polymerisation of monomers

Question 4

Examples of monomers

Answer 4

• monosaccharides
• amino acids
• nucleotides

Question 5

Examples of polymers

Answer 5

• polysaccharides
• proteins
• nucleic acids

Question 6

Condensation reaction

Answer 6

a chemical reaction where two molecules join together by the removal of a water molecule

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

a chemical reaction where a chemical bond is broken by the addition of a water molecule

Question 8

Types of monosaccharides

Answer 8

• Pentose ( 5C )
• Hexose ( 6C )

Question 9

Glycosidic bond

Answer 9

a C-O-C link between two molecules formed by a condensation reaction

Question 10

What are nucleic acids and their functions?

Answer 10

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are polymers of nucleotides. They store and transmit genetic information and are involved in protein synthesis.

Question 11

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 11

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms and are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 12

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 12

DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose and is double-stranded with bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. RNA contains the sugar ribose, is single-stranded, and has uracil instead of thymine.

Question 13

What is ATP and its role in the cell?

Answer 13

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells. It releases energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed.