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Genetics and biochemistry > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biocatalyst, almost all protein and reduces the activation energy of a reaction

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2
Q

What are the different catalytic strategies of an enzyme?

A

Covalent, acid-base and metal ion

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3
Q

What are the 6 categories of enzymes?

A
  • Oxidoreductases
  • Transferases
  • Hydrolases
  • Lyases
  • Isomerases
  • Ligases
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4
Q

Enzyme cofactors

A

Acts as an electron carrier

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5
Q

What is the effect of pH on enzymes?

A

Enzyme works best at 6 pH but poorly at low and high pH

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6
Q

What is the effect of temperature on enzymes?

A

Increases chemical reactions but then denatures proteins (best at 55 degrees)

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7
Q

Competitive vs Non-competitive enzyme inhibition

A

Competitive: inhibitor mimics substrate and competes for binding site
Non-competitive: inhibitor changes binding site to prevent enzyme action

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8
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Catalysed by kinases, can either activate or inhibit enzyme

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9
Q

What are enzyme kinetics?

A

Rate of enzyme reaction in mathematical terms. Relationship between substrate concentration (S) and rate of enzyme reaction (Vo)

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10
Q

Michaelis-Menton equation

A

Vo=(Vmax .(S))/(Km+S)

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11
Q

Lineweaver-Burke equation

A

1/Vo=1/Vmax + Km/Vmax .(S)

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12
Q

What is the function of proteases?

A

Digestion, recycle amino acids and activate enzymes

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13
Q

What is chymotrypsin?

A

Covalent intermediate acid-base catalyst

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14
Q

Substrate specificity

A

Specially binds large hydrophobic R group

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15
Q

1st step of forming alkoxide ion

A

Histidine acts as a base and removes H from serine making alkoxide stronger

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16
Q

2nd step of forming alkoxide ion

A

Nucleophilic attacks carbon which breaks peptide bond and causes carbonyl group to form acyl bond with serine

17
Q

3rd step of forming alkoxide ion

A

Amino acid group receives H from histidine and amine group departs

18
Q

4th step of forming alkoxide ion

A

Water attacks acyl bond releasing carbonyl fragment and water attacks carbonyl group

19
Q

5th step of forming alkoxide ion

A

Histidine removes H from water and the remaining OH group attaches to carbonyl group

20
Q

6th step of forming alkoxide ion

A

Acyl bond breaks, carboxylic acid released and enzyme returns to original state

Genetics and biochemistry (18 decks)

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