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Genetics and biochemistry > Animal cells > Flashcards

Animal cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the organic content is an animal cell?

A
  • Monomers (amino acids and nucleotides)
  • Polymers (proteins and nucleic acid)
  • Macromolecules
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2
Q

Name the 3 cytoskeletons

A
  • Microtubule
  • Microfilament
  • Keratin
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3
Q

What is the function of cytoskeletons?

A
  • Fill cytoplasmic space
  • Give structure to organelles
  • Allow contact and transmission of signals
  • Allow anchorage
  • Facilitating cell movement and division
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4
Q

What proteins make up cytoskeletons?

A
  • Tubulin
  • Actin
  • Keratin
  • Myosin
  • Kinesin
  • Dynein
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5
Q

What are anchorage dependent cells?

A

Cells which move, maintain phenotype and create functional tissue by attaching to surfaces

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6
Q

What are anchorage independent cells?

A

Cells which move freely and function without anchorage (blood and cancer cells)

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7
Q

Why do cells stick to each other?

A
  • Form tissues and organs
  • Control passage of material
  • Communication
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8
Q

How do cells stick to each other?

A

Using junctions

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9
Q

Name the 4 junctions

A

Adherens, desmosomes, tight, gap

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10
Q

Adherens junction

A

4 connections, allows substances to pass through, located on epithelial cells

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11
Q

Desmosomes

A

2 connections, anchored to keratin, epithelial cells and other tissues

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12
Q

Tight junctions

A

Tight row of connections, intestinal and brain lining capillary epithelial cells

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13
Q

Gap junctions

A

2 gap connections, links cytoplasm and allows cell responses, nerve and muscle cells

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14
Q

Transcellular vs paracellular routes

A

Transcellular: straight through cell
Paracellular: between each cell

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15
Q

Osmosis

A

Passage of water from a low solute concentration to a high concentration

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16
Q

When does osmosis occur at the same rate (no change)?

A

When the concentration on each side is the same

17
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Passage of solutes from a high solute concentration to a low concentration without energy

18
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passage of solutes from a high solute concentration to a low concentration with the help of a transporter protein

19
Q

Active transport

A

Passage of solutes from a low concentration to a high concentration with the use of energy (ATP)

20
Q

Endocytosis

A

Transport of large molecules into and out of cells using vesicles

Genetics and biochemistry (18 decks)

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