Collinearity of genes and protein

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

Segment of a DNA molecule which specifies a protein

Question 2

Function of a gene

Answer 2

Tells the cell how to make a protein

Question 3

What is a protein?

Answer 3

Polypeptide chains of amino acids which fold to make a 3D structure

Question 4

What are the 4 groups of amino acids?

Answer 4

• Hydrophobic
• Hydrophilic
• Acidic (negative)
• Basic (positive)

Question 5

Protein synthesis

Answer 5

Amino acids are joined together to form unbranched polypeptides by a peptide bond

Question 6

Why does sickle cell anaemia occur?

Answer 6

Because the sixth amino acid changes from glutamate (acidic) to caline (neutral)

Question 7

What are silent mutations?

Answer 7

Changes in amino acids structure which do not affect the functions of a protein

Question 8

What is collinearity?

Answer 8

Mutations of amino acids (proteins) and nucleotides (genes) are found in the same positions on a genetic map

Question 9

How can an amino acid be specified?

Answer 9

By a triplet of nucleotides (codon)