enzymes

Question 1

what are enzymes

Answer 1

catalysts in biochemical pathways, speed up reactions

Question 2

why are enzymes essential

Answer 2

without them our body would be too slow to maintain life

Question 3

substrate

Answer 3

molecule that enzyme acts upon

Question 4

enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 4

when the substrate has bound with enzyme at active site

Question 5

enzyme specificity

Answer 5

each enzyme can only catalyse a particular reaction or a specific set of reactions

Question 6

lock and key model

Answer 6

specific for that enzyme
enzyme = lock, substrate =key
active site is rigid and fixed

Question 7

induced fit model

Answer 7

active site of enzyme has defined shape but with flexibility
binding site not exactly complementary to substrate

Question 8

what does metabolism mean

Answer 8

• a collection of all biochemical reactions that occur in living cells
• enzymes regulate biochemical pathways

Question 9

what is catalytic power

Answer 9

enzyme ability to increase reaction rate

Question 10

catabolism

Answer 10

• exergonic
• release energy
• breakdown
• cellular respiration

Question 11

anabolism

Answer 11

• endothermic
• require energy
• synthesis
• photosynthesis

Question 12

ababolic

Answer 12

two reactions creating one product

Question 13

catabolic

Answer 13

large substance broken down(into products)

Question 14

activation energy

Answer 14

energy to start

Question 15

enzyme effect of activation energy

Answer 15

reduce activation energy

Question 16

saturation point (substance and enzyme concentration)

Answer 16

• addition of more substrate will initially increase rate of reaction
• once all active site of enzyme are filled, reaction rate tappers
• can only increase with more enzyme added

Question 17

inhibition

Answer 17

the binding of another component and/or change in the shape of the molecule that prevents the molecule from functioning

Question 18

reversible inhibition

Answer 18

• hydrogen bond
• weak
• temporarily adhered to enzyme

Question 19

irreversible

Answer 19

• covalent bonding
• strong
• permanently adhered to enzyme

Question 20

competitive inhibition

Answer 20

two molecules trying to bind at the same point, if inhibitor binds then no reaction as there’s no substrate

Question 21

non-competitive inhibition

Answer 21

• changes shape when inhibitor binds to allosteric
• substrate cannot bind anymore, similar to denaturing
• stops enzyme from working