enzymes

Question 1

describe the induced fit model of enzyme action

Answer 1

the active site of the enzymes forms when the enzyme and substrate interact. in the presence of a substrate, the shape of the active site changes, which puts strain on the bonds in the substrate which lowers activation energy. the active site resumes its original shape when the product leaves

Question 2

explain how scientists could stop an enzyme/substrate reaction

Answer 2

1- boil or add strong acid to denature enzyme
2- out in freezer so low kinetic energy so no enzyme-substrate complexes form.
3- add a higher concentration of inhibitor so enzyme substrate complexes do not form

Question 3

describe how a competitive inhibitor decreases the rate of reaction

Answer 3

a competitive inhibitor is complimentary in shape to the enzymes active site. a competitive inhibitor binds to the enzymes active site. this prevents the formation of enzyme substrate complexes

Question 4

explain how enzymes speed up the rate of reaction

Answer 4

enzymes lower the activation energy allowing reactions to occur at a lower temperature than usual

Question 5

describe how the structure of an enzyme is related to its function

Answer 5

the active site is a specific functional part of an enzyme. its shape is determined by the primary, therefore tertiary, protein structure. the substrate and active site are only complementary to each other so can form enzyme-substrate complexes

Question 6

explain the lock and key model of enzyme action

Answer 6

the shape of the enzyme (key) specifically matches the shape of the active site (lock), this explains the observation that enzymes are specific to the reaction they catalyse