ENZYMES

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All the organism chemical processes including anabolic and catabolic reactions

Question 2

Anabolic reactions

Answer 2

Building up of molecules (rot in synthesis )

Question 3

Catabolic reactions

Answer 3

Breaking molecules down (digestion)

Question 4

Enzymes

Answer 4

A biological protein catalyst made by cells that alter the rate of chemical reactions

Question 5

Properties of enzymes

Answer 5

-they speed up reactions
-the are not used up
-they do not change
-a high turn over number

Question 6

Protein structure of an enzyme

Answer 6

Enzymes are rotting with a tertiary structure but have a globular shape . Contain hydrophilic r groups, disulphide bridges , hydrogen bonds .

Question 7

Active site

Answer 7

Specific 3d shape that binds to an enzymes .

Question 8

Extracellular

Answer 8

Some enzymes are secreted by exocytosis and catalyse extracellular reactions . Amylase made in the salivary glands move down salivary ducts ,.

Question 9

Intracellular in solution

Answer 9

Intracellular enzymes act in solution inside cells . Enzymes in solution in the stroma of chloroplasts .

Question 10

Intracellular membrane bound

Answer 10

Intracellular enzyme may be attached to membranes . In the Cristal of mitochondria they transfer electrons and hydrogen ions in ATP .

Question 11

Enzyme substrate complex

Answer 11

Intermediate structure formed during an enzyme catalysed reaction where the substrate and enzyme bind temporarily

Question 12

What is the lock and key theory

Answer 12

The lock and key theory is when A unique active site shape can catalyse only one type of reaction . It ensures enzyme specificity .

Question 13

Difference between lock and key theory and induced fit theory

Answer 13

The lock and key theory is based on the substrate fitting the active site however the induced fit theory is based on the active site changing shape in order to fit the substrate .

Question 14

What is the induced fit theory

Answer 14

Induced fit theory is the change in shape of the active site of an enzyme induced by the entry of the substrate .

Question 15

Lysozyme

Answer 15

-anti bacterial enzyme in human saliva, mucus an tears
-the active site is a groove and sugars on the bacterial cell wall fit into it
-the groove closes over the sugars and lysozyme molecles change shape and hydrolysis the ones
- the cell wall is then weakened

Question 16

Activation energy

Answer 16

The minimum energy required for a reaction to start

Question 17

How do enzymes lower the activation energy

Answer 17

Enzymes modify the substrate so the reaction requires a lower activation enrgy. By lowering activation envy enzymes allow for reactions to take place at a lower temperature .

Question 18

Specificity

Answer 18

Only able to catalyse specific reactions

Question 19

Metabolic pathway

Answer 19

A sequence o enzyme controlled reaction