CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

Monosaccharides are

Answer 1

Single sugar units

Question 2

Disaccharides are

Answer 2

Two monosaccharides joined together by a condensation reaction

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

carbon,Hydrogen.Oxygen

Question 4

properties of monosaccharides

Answer 4

1.sweet
2.soluble in water
3.form crystals

Question 5

3 carbons

Answer 5

Triose sugar

Question 6

5 carbons

Answer 6

pentose sugar

Question 7

6 carbons

Answer 7

Hexose sugar

Question 8

General formula for monosaccharides

Answer 8

(CH2O)n

Question 9

Hydroxyl group

Answer 9

OH

Question 10

Alpha and Beta glucose are

Answer 10

Isomers

Question 11

Alpha glucose is the

Answer 11

substrate for respiration

Question 12

Beta Glucose is

Answer 12

used for cellulose/Fibre

Question 13

Alpha glucose

Answer 13

hydroxyl group is at the bottom

Question 14

Beta glucose

Answer 14

beat em up . hydroxyl group is up/at the top

Question 15

Function of alpha glucose

Answer 15

to store sugar as plants need chains of alpha glucose to make starch

Question 16

Function of Beta glucose

Answer 16

for plants to build structural material

Question 17

Glucose+Glucose =

Answer 17

Maltose+water

Question 18

Glucose+Fructose =

Answer 18

Sucrose + water

Question 19

Glucose + Galactose

Answer 19

Lactose+ water

Question 20

Types of monosaccharides

Answer 20

1. glucose (alpha+beta)
2. fructose
3. galactose

Question 21

Polymer

Answer 21

repeating units of monomers

Question 22

Disaccharides are held by

Answer 22

Glycosidic bonds

Question 23

Condensation reaction

Answer 23

when two units are joined together producing water

Question 24

why do we call it a 1-4 glycosidic bond

Answer 24

due to the H20 being formed in the middle of carbon 1 and carbon 4

Question 25

In digestion starch is

Answer 25

Hydrolysed to produce glucose

Question 26

Polysaccharides

Answer 26

large complex polymers of monosaccharides held by glycosidic bonds and formed due to a condensation reaction

Question 27

examles of polysaccharides

Answer 27

1. starch 2.glycogen 3.cellulose 4.chitin

Question 28

Glucose is not an effective store as it is

Answer 28

soluble in water so increases concentration in cells and draws water in by osmosis

Question 29

starch is a

Answer 29

store of glucose in plants

Question 30

cellulose provides

Answer 30

structural support in plants

Question 31

Glycogen is a store of

Answer 31

glucose in animals

Question 32

starch grains are found in high concentartions in

Answer 32

seeds and storage organs

Question 33

starch is made of

Answer 33

alpha glucose . but contains two ismoers . amylose and amylopectin

Question 34

properties of Amylose

Answer 34

1. linear 2. unbranched molecule 3. alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds 4. coils into an alpha helix

Question 35

Properties of amylopectin

Answer 35

1. contains chains of glucose monomers 2. joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds 3. cross linked and fits inside amylose 4.

Question 36

Properties of glycogen

Answer 36

1. main storage product in animals 2. 1-4 glycosidic bond and 1-6 glycosidic bond 3. very similar to amylopectin 4. glycogen is more branched than amyloectin

Question 37

Properties of Cellulose PART 1

Answer 37

1. structural polysaccharide 2. present in plant cells 3. many long parrallel chains of beta glucose 4. joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds and the beta link roatates at 180'

Question 38

Properties of cellulose PART 2

Answer 38

1. Hydrogen bonds can form between the hydroxyl groups due to 180. rotation 2. 60-70 cellulose molecules become cross linked to form microfibrils 3. cell all has several layers of fibres 4. cellulose fibres are freely permeable because of the spaces between the fibres

Question 39

Properties of chitin

Answer 39

1. structural polysaccharide. strong , waterproof and lightwight 2. found in exoskeleton of insects 3. long chains of beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds 4. monomers are rotated through 180' to form microfibrils 5.has groups derived from amino acids to forms heteropolysacharide

Question 40

Functions of monosaccharides

Answer 40

1. source of energy in respiration 2.building blocks for larger molecules 3.intermediates in reactions 4.constituents of nucleotides

Question 41

Benedict’s test

Answer 41

Detects the presence of reducing sugars in a solution is a qualitative test As it does not tell you the actual concentration of the solution

Question 42

Reducing sugars are

Answer 42

Sugars that can detonate an electron . The reducing sugar donates an electron to reduce copper (II) ions in copper sulphate (blue) > (red)

Question 43

Examples of non-reducing sugars

Answer 43

Sucrose . Gives a negative result when we use Benedict’s test . So it must be broken down by heating with hydrochloric acid

Question 44

Biosensor

Answer 44

A device that gives a value to the actual concentration of sugar . Produces an electrical signal which measures the concentration of a chemical

Question 45

Polysaccharide properties

Answer 45

1.they are insoluble so have no osmotic effect 2. They cannot diffuse out of the cell 3. They are compact 4.they carry a lot of energy betwee C-H and C-C bonds

Question 46

Two polymers of starch

Answer 46

1.Amylose 2.Amylopectin