Environmental, Professional, Imaging

Question 1

What is the primary mechanism through which heat is dissipated? Mechanism through which heat is lost?

Answer 1

evaporation; radiation

Question 2

Low risk of heat illness = WBGT

Answer 2

65

Question 3

Moderate risk of heat illness = WBGT from ___ to ___ F

Answer 3

65-73

Question 4

High risk of heat illness = WBGT from ____ to ____F

Answer 4

73-82

Question 5

ACSM recommends cancelling sporting events if the WBGT is >____ F

Answer 5

82.4

Question 6

How does treatment differ for HYPERthermia and HYPOthermia treatments?

Answer 6

HYPER = rapid cooling is key to tx. HYPO = GRADUAL rewarming is key. Warming too quickly can lead to shock.

Question 7

What are the 3 types of lightning strikes?

Answer 7

direct, contact, side flash

Question 8

What is the 30 second-30 minute rule?

Answer 8

should actively seek shelter when the time from seeing lightning and hearing thunder is less than 30seconds. Should stay there for 30 minutes after seeing last flash.

Question 9

What is acute mountain sickness?

Answer 9

constellation of symptoms in the context of recent gain in altitude (fatigue, weakness, dizziness, HA, N/V). Will resolve in a few days if no new ascent is made.

Question 10

What is HAPE?

Answer 10

high altitude pulmonary edema. Starts with dyspnea with exercise and can progress to dyspnea with rest. Can even cause coma and death.

Question 11

What is HACE?

Answer 11

high alt cerebral edema. Preceded by AMS. Similar symptoms, but pt will not be oriented, may be hallucinating, will be confused, ataxic; papilloedema and retinal hemorrhages present.

Question 12

What does CT imaging excel at doing?

Answer 12

highlighting differences b/w bone and soft tissue

Question 13

What is heat syncope?

Answer 13

LOC but core temp is normal

Question 14

What is heat exhaustion?

Answer 14

PROFUSE sweating, fatigue, malaise, HA, N/V, tachycardia. STOP PLAY! possible transfer to ED

Question 15

What is heat stroke?

Answer 15

body has physiologically shut down to compensate for heat production. DRY HOT SKIN, elevated core temp, AMS, ataxia, seizure. MEDICAL EMERGENCY.

Question 16

Most effective cooling method for hyperthermia?

Answer 16

removal of clothing and immersion in ice water

Question 17

Shivering + normal mental status = ____? No shivering + AMS = ____?

Answer 17

mild hypothermia (>90F), moderate (at least) hypothermia (

Question 18

Difference b/w superficial and deep frostbite?

Answer 18

with superficial, palpation of superficial tissues will be firm, but deep will give way. Pt will have clear blisters. With deep frostbite, superficial and deep tissues are firm.. Pt will have hemorrhagic blisters.

Question 19

What is trench foot?

Answer 19

Occurs when ambient temp is ABOVE freezing and pt’s extremity is exposed to cold water over a prolonged period of time.

Question 20

Frostbite tx? What should you not do (2)?

Answer 20

submerge in H20 100-108 degrees F; do not rub the area or attempt re-warming unless you are sure the area will not freeze again.

Question 21

What is a segond fx? Associated with what?

Answer 21

proximal LATERAL tibial plateau fx. Highly associated with ACL tears.

Question 22

What is the difference b/w T1 and T2 weighted MRI?

Answer 22

T2 (think H20) is well suited to highlight fluid containing structures

Question 23

What is chillblains?

Answer 23

abnormal response to cold by blood vessels. Causes bumps, blisters, sores.

Question 24

What is the flash to bang ratio?

Answer 24

Time from flash to hearing thunder. Take that number and divide by 5 to calculate the distance of the storm.

Question 25

What is frostnip?

Answer 25

mild form of frosbite. Cardinal sign is blanching or whitening of skin. Simply apply pressure to the area (no rubbing!)

Question 26

Where is the marrow edema pattern on MRI with ACL rupture?

Answer 26

lateral tibial plateau, lateral fem condyle

Question 27

Where is the marrow edema pattern on MRI with PCL rupture?

Answer 27

medial tibial plateau, medial fem condyle