Environmental Issues Flashcards
Deuteronomy 10:14
“To your lord your god belong thee heavens, even the highest heavens, the earth and everything in it”
Leviticus 25:23
“The land must not be sold permanently because the land is mine and you are but aliens and my tenants”
Genesis 1:26
“Dominion over the fish of the sea, the foul of the sky, the cattle of the earth
3 parts of fundamentalists beliefs
Stewardship
Dominion
Rapture theory
What is the rapture theory
The destruction of the earth is part of gods plan, so on doomsday the chosen ones will be taken to heaven and the rest left to suffer on earth
What is included in Jainism
Ahisma- non violence
Veganism
Don’t eat root vegetables- reincarnated souls
Lovelock Gaia hypothesis
World is a self regulating, single living organism. Which can achieve equilibrium. When a species is disrupts equilibrium Gaia kills it.
Lovelock: Daisy world
White and black daisies. White reflect-cools . Black absorb-warm.
Maintains equilibrium.
Gaia hypothesis reproduction issue and response
World can’t be a single living organism because it can’t reproduce.
Lovelock responds it reproduces by colonising other planets with astronauts.
Arne Naess vital needs and non-anthopocentric
Humans should live from only vital needs: mud huts, army uniform ect.
Not man centred.
Arne naess deep vs shallow ecology
Shallow ecology - electric cars, recycling, tax flights
Deep ecology - ban flights, walk and cycle, no more single use plastic
Arne naess deep ecology
All beings are equal so we must reconstruct modern society.
The natural world is a balance of inter-relationships where the existence of one organisms relies on other organisms.
Humans disrupt the natural order.
Ecosophy t
Naess’ personal philosophy.
‘Every being whether human, animal or veg has an equal right to live’
Similar with harm principle: “ if one does not know how the outcomes of one’s actions will affect other beings one should not act”
Extinction rebellion
A global organisation which targets companies engaged in fossil fuel extraction
Examples of environmental protesters
Just stop oil
Insulate Britain
Justice4fathers
Greta thunberg
School strikes, started in sweeden and became worldwide eg. Fridays for future
shop-stop only buy clothes when you need to
Vegan doesnt fly
Peter singer
In animal liberation he argues we should be strict vegans, must consider pleasure and pain of all animals equally.
Eg. A damaged humans is equal to a healthy animal
Religious approaches weaknesses
Dominion
Determinist
Secularisation
Unrealistic and not empirically verifiable
Religious approaches strengths
Future generations
Religious obligation
Veganism
Secular approach weaknesses
Gaia reproduction issue
Natural selection issue
No religious obligation
Secular approaches strengths
Secularisation
Avoids religious determinism
Avoids dominion issue
Gaia hypothesis natural selection issue and response
Richard Dawkins questions how the earth can have a self regulatory effect that maintains equilibrium- known as homeostasis and also fit with natural selection.
Natural selection would lead to one species thriving and one dieing out leading to change rather than equilibrium.
Response
Daisy world is a thought experiment
