environmental considerations Flashcards
conduction
heating through direct contact with a hot media
convection
heating indirectly through Another medium, such as air or liquid
radiation
transfer of heat through space from one object to another
How many quarts of water does an athlete lose per hour
1-2
At what humidity does heat loss become impaired and when does it stop
65%, 75%
How long should you allow for food and fluid to digest
2-3 hours
how much fluid should an athlete drink 2-3 hours and then 10-20 minutes
17-20, 7-10
what is Exercise- Associated Hyponatremia
fluid/electrolyte disorder that results in an abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood
What causes exercise- associated Hyponatremia
excessive consumption of hypotonic fluids in combination with reduced renal water clearance, resulting in maintained or increased body weight during exercise lasting more than 1 hour
What are signs and symptoms of exertion hypoatremia
progressively worsening headache; nausea and vomiting; swelling of the hands and feet; lethargy, apathy, or agitation; and low blood sodium
What part of the season are athletes most at risk for exertional heat illness
first 2-3 weeks of preseason
What are some risk factors of heat illness
viral infection, have a fever, or have a serious skin rash. large muscle mass. Overweight
A loss of greater than what percent of body weight indicates that athlete is severely dehydrated
2%
What is the flag color and precautions for a WBGT of <80
White, no precautions
What is the flag color and precautions for a WBGT of 80-85
Green, take at least 15 min of break each hour
What is the flag color and precautions for a WBGT of 80-85
yellow, take at least 30 min of breaks each hour
What is the flag color and precautions for a WBGT of 88-90
Red, Take at least 40 min of breaks each hour
What is the flag color and precautions for a WBGT of >90
Black, take at least 45 min of breaks each hour
What is the cause of Heat syncope
rapid physical fatigue in heat and blood pooling in extremities
What are signs and symptoms of Heat syncope
Pooling of blood in extremities, leading to dizziness, fainting, and nausea
What is the treatment of heat syncope
lying down in a cool environment, replenishing fluids
What is the cause of exercise-associated muscle cramps
hard work in heat; sweating heavily; overload and fatigue of the muscle
What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps
muscle twitching and cramps, usually after midday; cramps in calves, abdomen, hamstring quadriceps
What is the treatment for heat cramps
ingesting large amounts of water and sodium, mild stretching, ice massage of affected muscle
What is the exertional heat exhaustion
prolonged sweating leading to dehydration and an inability to sustain adequate cardiac output
What are the signs and symptoms of exertional heat exhaustion
excessive thirst, dry tongue and mouth, weight loss, fatigue, weakness, incoordination, mental dullness, low urine volume, slightly elevated body temperature, high serum protein and sodium, reduced swelling
What is the treatment for exertional heat exhaustion
bed rest in a cool room, IV fluids, fluid intake 6-8 liter/day, sponge with cool water, keep records of body weight and fluid balance; provide semiliquid food until salivation is normal
what is the cause of exertional heatstroke
thermoregulatory failure of sudden onset
What are the signs and symptoms of exertional heatstroke
abrupt onset, CNS abnormalities, headache, vertigo, fatigue, flushed skin, less sweating, rapidly increasing pulse rate 160-180, increased respiration, rapid rise in temp 105, diarrhea, vomiting
What is the treatment Exertional heatstroke
immediate emergency measures reduce temp to below 102, transport to hospital once temp is below 102
