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Psychology 2.0 > Environmental > Flashcards

Environmental Flashcards

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1
Q

Black and Black - what was the aim?

A

Look at wether exposure to aircraft noise is linked to health issues eg high blood pressure.

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2
Q

Black and Black - what was the Sample?

A

.Two groups one close to Sydney airport the other 56km away.

.Sent questionnaire to every home, got 704 full responses.

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3
Q

Black and Black - what was the Results?

A

.General health lower for ANE group.

.Long exposure resulted in high chronic stress.

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4
Q

Glass and Singer - Summary?

A

.P’s given task eg spelling to do with either loud volume or lower volume and either unpredictable or predictable patterns of noise.
.Resulted = Unpredictable noise effected the performance the most.

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5
Q

Ken-rich and McFarlane - Summary?

A

.P’s sat behind car at a junction who stayed still while the lights were green, recorded horn honks and compared to temperature that day.
.Resulted = positive correlation between temperature and horn honks.

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6
Q

Lundeburg - Summary?

A

.Measured stress levels using urine samples collected from passengers on train stockholm, in high density or low density amount of crowding.
.Result = low density - lower stress

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7
Q

Ellis RET - Summary?

A

A - Activating experience (stressors)
B - Beliefs an individual holds about the stressor
C - Consequences arising from these beliefs
D - Disputing these negative beliefs
Results = Change of behaviour to reduce stress

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8
Q

Czeisler - what was the aim?

A

Investigate rotating work shifts

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9
Q

Czeisler - what was the sample?

A

153 male employees put into two groups those that did rotate and a control that didn’t

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10
Q

Czeisler - what was the Procedure?

A

.Questionnaire at start
.Changed from Phase delay to Phase advanced schedule
.Half rotated every 7 days and the there half every 21 days.
.At 3 months gave workers questionnaire and at 9, analysed productivity

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11
Q

Czeisler - what was the results?

A

.81% reported it took 2+ days to adjust to previous phase advanced schedule.
.Found that most workers preferred phase delay and even more preferred 21 days vs 7.
.Workers on 21 Phase delay schedule where most productive

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12
Q

Siffre - Summary?

A

.Went into dark cave with no clocks and barely any light, only contact was to say when he work up, fell asleep and ate.
.Result = adhered to same sleep / wake cycle of 24 hours and 30 mins

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13
Q

Preckel et al - Summary?

A

272 students identified as larks or owls by questionnaire.

Found owls to have lower GPA, due to early starts.

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14
Q

Peter dripp - Summary?

A

.Stayed awake for 201 hours.
3 days in became abusive, 5 days in he Began hallucinating, and his body temp declined.
.After he became moody and depressed.

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15
Q

Shift work and jet lag - Summary?

A

Power naps -
Suggests doctors should take 30 - 45 min power naps to maintain vigilance and alertness.

Melatonin pills -
Melatonin is hormone released for sleep when it is dark, so workers can use it to sleep during day.

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16
Q

Lord - aim?

A

Investigate what messages and type of messages persuade people to recycle

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17
Q

Lord - sample?

A

140 households (20 for each condition including 20 control group)

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18
Q

Lord - procedure?

A

Week 1 Observers baseline of recycling for each household then Left message for each condition up including positive or negative framed message/ and a advert, news article or personal influence.
Week 2 reobserved and sent questionnaire to household regarding the message

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19
Q

Lord - results?

A

.all conditions showed increase in recycling
.positive messages led to more favourable attitudes
.adverts led to better attitudes but personal influence had the most effect

20
Q

Yale model of persuasion- summary ?

A 
Persuasiveness relies on - 
Source 
Message 
Recipient 
Situation
21
Q

Behaviourism - summary ?

A

Operant conditioning -
.rewards for good behaviour

Social learning theory -
.copying behaviour eg using celebs recycling

22
Q

Luyben and bailey - summary ?

A

4 mobile home parks -

Increases number of newspaper recycling bins increased recycling by 52%.

23
Q

Cialdini - summary ?

A

Sent messages to encourage reusing towels in a hotel -
.help the hotel save energy
.help save the environment
.partner with us to help save the environment
.help save resources for future generations
.join your fellow citizens in helping save the environment

Last message (social norm) increased to 41% most effective with second being saving the environment 31%

24
Q

Drew’s and doing - aim?

A

To develop and evaluate DV’s displays that show vital signs in graphical data, so it’s quicker

25
Q

Drew’s and doing - Sample?

A

42 Nurses with 1 years experience in ICU

26
Q

Drew’s and doing - Procedure?

A

.Two groups analysed either a traditional ICU display or the new DVS display, for patient vital signs, measured the quickness of reaction and accuracy of data.

27
Q

Drew’s and doing - Results?

A

.CVS display 48% quicker in septic shock and 38% quicker in Pulmonary embolism.
.CVS third or more accurate in septic and pulmonary.

28
Q

Brown and Poulton - Summary ?

A

.P’s drove car in residential area and crowded shopping area, while doing a numbers task.
.Made more errors in crowded shopping area suggesting cognitive overload.

29
Q

Miller STM and Chunking - Summary ?

A

.Suggests people can hold 7 + or - 2 pieces of info in their short term memory
.However suggests chunking into units allows us to learn more.

30
Q

The Hawthorne studies - Summary ?

A

.Investigated change in lightbulbs on productivity.

.Found that any change created an increase in productivity concluding that the difference was they were being observed.

31
Q

Stone - Summary ?

A

.144 students assigned to 12 conditions changing, colour of room; Blue, white or red, nature of room; open plan or private, Task; reading or maths.
Found -
.Positive moods = blue open plan room
.Least positive mood = red open plan room
.Reading task performance worse in red rooms

32
Q

Ulrich - what is the aim of the study?

A

Investigate if view from a hospital bed effects recovery.

33
Q

Ulrich - what is the sample of the study?

A

.46 patients 20 - 69 who had undergone gall bladder removal surgery.
.23 matched pairs

34
Q

Ulrich - what is the procedure of the study?

A

.Put in room with tree view or brick wall view.

.Blind researchers analysed patient recovery.

35
Q

Ulrich - what is the results of the study?

A

.Tree view spent less time in hospital 7.9 days compared to 8.7
.More negative notes made about wall view patients

36
Q

Cohen - summary?

A

.Investigated reading ability of 54 children, based on floor level and noise readings.
.Higher floor level led to less noise.
.Less noise correlates with word knowledge and reading comprehension.

37
Q

White et al - summary?

A

.studied 10,000 people from 1991 - 2008

.Found those living in greener areas experiences less mental distress and more life satisfaction.

38
Q

Newman and Pruitt - summary?

A

.Built 1954 public housing project.
.by 1970 was riddles with crime and destroyed
.This was down to lack of defensible space no responsibility for the owners.

39
Q

Armitage - summary?

A

.Analysed records of crimes form 2007 - 2009.

.Found Cul de sacs had the lowest level of crime

40
Q

Wells - what is the aim?

A

.Look at personalisation in the workspace, also compare it to gender.

41
Q

Wells - what is the sample?

A

338 office workers with 23 used for a follow up

42
Q

Wells - what is the procedure?

A

.p’s given self report questionnaire (rating scales mainly)

.Follow up consisted of interview + taking photos of their work space.

43
Q

Wells - what is the results?

A

.Women personalise more then men.
.Correlation between satisfaction and personalisation
.More personnalisation led to better moral and less turnover

44
Q

Smith - summary ?

A

.Observed nationalities use of beach space and territory.
.West Germans took up most space, using reserved signs and sandcastles to mark territory, French didn’t understand territory.

45
Q

Hall - summary

A 
.based on observations Hall concluded personal space can be divided into - 
.Intimate 
.Personal 
.Social 
.Public
46
Q

Middlemist - summary

A

.Men’s urinals times how long it took to start urinating, when actor was urinal next to them or one further away.
.When actor was closer took longer to start urinating and left sooner.

47
Q

Sommer and Ross - summary

A

.Hospital waiting room tested two seating patterns; sociofugal(rows across walls) and sociepetal (facing inwards for social) -
.Found Sociotpetal promoted social interaction, however soceofugal allowed personal space.

Psychology 2.0 (12 decks)

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