Criminal - Cognitive

Question 1

Memon and Higham - What are the different aspects of a cognitive interview?

Answer 1

.Context reinstatement
.report everything
.Recalling from different perspectives
.Recalling in a different order

Question 2

Memon and Higham - What are the memory measures?

Answer 2

.Amount of information being recalled.

.Asked how confident they are about it to ensure accuracy.

Question 3

Memon and Higham - What are the effects of training?

Answer 3

.Officers resistant to trying given by non officer.
.Small number of hours led to poor interview technique
.Suggests more in depth training should be applied a two day course rather then 4 hours.

Question 4

Fisher and Geiselman cognitive interview - Summary?

Answer 4

The cognitive interview includes (doing all of this) -
.Report everything
.Recalling in a different temporal order
.Context reinstatement
.report from different perspectives

Question 5

Reid - Summary?

Answer 5

9 steps of interrogation -

1. positive confrontation
2. Theme development
3. Handling denials
4. Overcoming objections
5. Procurement and retention of subjects attention
6. Handling the subjects passive mood
7. Preventing an alternative question
8. Get oral confession
9. Get written account of crime

Question 6

Fisher and Geiselman enhanced cognitive interview - Summary?

Answer 6

Cognitive interview + - 
.Establishing rapport with interviewee 
.Explains aim of interview 
.free report / open questions no interruptions 
.Questioning 
.Extensive retrieval 
.Investigate important questions 
.Summary 
.Closure 
.Evaluation

Question 7

Mann lie detection techniques - summary?

Answer 7

.99 police officers 24F 75M
.Saw 14 video clips from police interviews, asked to state if they were telling the truth or lying, and how confident they were out of 7.
.Results - Lie accuracy 66% Truth accuracy 63%
.Found that officers should focus on inconsistencies with the story rather then body language.

Question 8

Dixon et al - What are aims?

Answer 8

.To see if the Brummee accent affects guilt in court.

Question 9

Dixon et al - What was the sample?

Answer 9

119 undergraduate students 24M 95F

Question 10

Dixon et al - What was the procedure?

Answer 10

.Listened to police interview with Brummee suspect or a normal suspect
.rated suspect from 1 - 7 on whether they were guilty.

Question 11

Dixon et al - What was the results?

Answer 11

.Brummee accent got higher rating of guilt.

Question 12

Penrod and Cutler - Summary?

Answer 12

.Mock trial, with only difference being the confidence of the witness with 80% confident and 100% confident.
.participants including students decided if the suspect was guilty.
.80% confidence led to 60% guilt rating
.100% confidence led to 67% guilt rating

Question 13

Castellow - Summary?

Answer 13

.Mock sexual harassment trial only changed appearance of suspect and victim.
Found guilty -
.Attractive victim - Attractive suspect - 71%
.Attractive victim - Unattractive suspect - 83%
..Unattractive victim - Attractive suspect - 41%
.Unattractive victim - Unattractive suspect - 69%
.Shows attractiveness changes the result.

Question 14

Pennington and Hastle - Summary?

Answer 14

.Use mock trials to see if story order is better then witness order (most important evidence first and last).
Results - (P = prosecutor) (D = Defence) if guilty -
.D - Story P - Story = 59%
.D - Witness P - Witness = 63%
.D - Story P - Witness = 31%
.D - Witness P - Story = 78%
.Story order is better

Question 15

Broeder - Summary?

Answer 15

.P’s acted as juries and listened to tapes of evidence, some of the evidence about his insurance was said to be inadmissible half the time.
.results -
.No insurance - 33000 awarded
.insurance - 37000 awarded
.insurance (but judge told it was inadmissible) - 46000 awarded
.Shows telling people what to do, results in the opposite effect.