Criminal - Social

Question 1

Wilson and Kelling - Summary?

Answer 1

.Broken window theory, suggests that small anti social behaviour if left unchecked, leads to more harder crimes and eventually escalates.
.Suggests officers should do more walkouts to make areas feel safer and establish informal rules amongst the city.

Question 2

Newman - summary?

Answer 2

.Defensible spaces shows that buildings should be designed to belong to an individual or group. (reduce crime)
.4 suggestions; Zone of territorial influence, Opportunity for surveillance, Image (personalised), Milieu (no easy escape routes).

Question 3

Bratton - summary?

Answer 3

.zero tolerance policy, New York, crackdown on small crimes to bring bigger ones down.
.Crackdown on; subway graffiti, Subway fair dodging, and quality of life crimes.

Question 4

Brown - Summary?

Answer 4

.Newcastle introduced CCTV compared before and after.
.Burglaries reduced by 56%, and criminal damage by 34%.
.Same with London stations = Crime fall by 70%, however other stations nearby only by 25%.

Question 5

Ernest Jones et al - summary?

Answer 5

.University cafeteria, posters had anti littering message with eyes or flowers.
.50% reduction in littering with eyes on.

Question 6

Haney et al (stanford prison experiment) - aim?

Answer 6

.See if violence in prison is due to the people or environment.

Question 7

Haney et al (stanford prison experiment) - Sample?

Answer 7

24 Male university students paid 15 pound per day.

Question 8

Haney et al (stanford prison experiment) - Procedure?

Answer 8

.Created fake Prison with students split into guards and prisoners

Question 9

Haney et al (stanford prison experiment) - Results?

Answer 9

.Pathological prisoner syndrome - became submissive and severe emotional depressions.
.Pathology of power - guards abused power

Question 10

Gillis and Nafekh - Summary?

Answer 10

.Looked at how effective an employment program was for conditional releases.
.70% on program completed conditional release, 55% of the program.

Question 11

Sherman and Strang - Summary?

Answer 11

.Restorative justice, works alongside justice system to allow the victim to meet the perpetrator where the offender is asked to fix the damage.
.Helped victim move on, effective in violent crimes, reducing reoffending rate and helping victim.

Question 12

Anger management programs - Summary?

Answer 12

.Uses CBT to manage anger in three stages; Cognitive perpetration, Skill acquisition and application practice.

Question 13

Probation and community service - Summary?

Answer 13

.Reduces reoffending within first year.