Environment Engineering Flashcards
Waste management, Forest engineering
factor that contribute to the increasing amount of waste
a. overpopulation
b. utilization of chemicals in
agriculture
c. natural catastrophe and drought
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
It refers to manure with added bedding, hair, feather, rainwater, soil, etc.
a. as excreted manure
c. waste
b. pollutant
d. litter
c. waste
accumulated moist animal excrement that does not undergo decomposition or drying
a. as excreted manure
c. waste
b. manure
d. litter
b. manure
refers to feces and urine prior to any
changes due to dilution, water addition, drying, volatilization, or other physical, chemical, or
biological processes
a. as excreted manure
c. waste
b. manure
d. litter
a. as excreted manure
rapid laboratory procedure using chemical oxidants and heat to fully oxidize organic components of waste
a. COD
c. TOC
b. BOD5
d. DO
a. COD
any source of pollution not identifiable, e.g. runoff from irrigation or rainwater which picks up pollutants from farms and urban areas
a. residue
c. point source
b. non-point source
d. waste
b. non-point source
a portion of the total solids driven off by a combustible gases at 500-600 °C for at least one hour
a. fixed solids
c. volatile solids
b. suspended solids
d. dissolved solids
c. volatile solids
part of total solids passing through the filter in a filtration procedure
a. fixed solids
c. volatile solids
b. suspended solids
d. dissolved solids
d. dissolved solids
part of total solids after volatile gases is driven off at 600oC
a. fixed solids
c. volatile solids
b. suspended solids
d. dissolved solids
`a. fixed solids
residue remaining after water is
removed from waste material by
evaporation
a. total solids
c. settleable solids
b. suspended solids
d. dissolved solids
a. total solids
introduction of substances not found in the natural composition of water making it less desirable or unfit for intended use
a. pollution
c. wastewater
b. contamination
d. none of the above
b. contamination
waterborne human or animal wastes removed from residences, buildings, institutions, industrial and commercial establishments
a. sludge
c. effluent
b. pollutant
d. sewage
d. sewage
residue generated from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or water control pollution facility
a. sludge
c. effluent
b. pollutant
d. sewage
a. sludge
settled portion or precipitate of the slurry
a. sludge
c. effluent
b. pollutant
d. sewage
a. sludge
waste in liquid state containing pollutants
a. influent
c. effluent
b. wastewater
d. sewage
b. wastewater
any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound from a known source which is passed into the atmosphere
a. emission
c. GHG
b. air pollution
d. none of the above
a. emission
A mixture in the air of irregular shape with mineral particles ranging from 1 to 200 micrometer formed by crushing, chipping, grinding or by natural disintegration of solid substances.
a. fume
c. dust
b. sulfurous smog
d. all of the above
c. dust
Wastewater which is treated or untreated, that is being discharged from reservoir, basin, or treatment plant
a. effluent
c. turbid water
b. influent
d. none of the above
a. effluent
If air is mixed with one or more constituents not normally present in the atmosphere, it is considered as ___________ .
a. polluted air
c. air pollution
b. turbid air
d. none of the above
a. polluted air
Wastewater flowing into a reservoir or treatment plant.
a. slurry
c. intake
b. influent
d. none of the above
b. influent
It is a biological wastewater treatment process in which the mixture of wastewater and biological solids is agitated and aerated.
a. activated sludge process
c. anaerobic digestion process
b. agitation process
d. none of the above
a. activated sludge process
It is the ordinary killing of all living
microorganisms with the use of heat and pressure or with the use of chemicals.
a. disinfection
c. fumigation
b. sterilization
d. none of the above
b. sterilization
Much efficient method of separating
particles from air
a. cyclone separator
c. momentum separator
b. gravity separator
d. none of the above
a. cyclone separator
Particles that ultimately settle after the wastewater losses velocity.
a. sediments
c. flocs
b. colloids
d. none of the above
a. sediments
The water-carried waste from households or industry
a. turbid water
c. slurry
b. sewage
d. none of the above
b. sewage
It is the biological decomposition of
nitrogenous organic matter with the production of foul-smelling products associated with anaerobic degradation of proteins.
a. anaerobic digestion
c. liquefaction
b. putrefaction
d. none of the above
a. anaerobic digestion
The rapid oxidation of solids in a specially designed combustion chamber.
a. solid burning
c. thermal activation
b. incineration
D. none of the above
b. incineration
Chemical reaction of disinfectant is speed up by using __________ .
a. cold water
c. hot water
b. raw water
d. all of the above
c. hot water
Sedimentation and filtration are performed preceding chlorination to __________ .
a. enhance disinfection effect
b. reduce chlorination time
c. reduce treatment time
d. all of the above
a. enhance disinfection effect
It is the method of cleaning on a rapid filter by reversing the direction of flow of water.
a. back splashing
c. reverse cleaning
b. back washing
d. none of the above
b. back washing
biological process by which ammonia is first converted to nitrite and then to nitrate
a. aerobic process
c. nitrification
b. anoxic process
d. denitrification
c. nitrification
major pollution sources that contribute to environmental quality problems
a. Carbon
c. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorous
d. two of the above
d. two of the above
A film produced during slow filtration
responsible for the bacteriological- purification effect on water.
a. scum
c. filter skin
b. bacteriological film
d. none of the above
c. filter skin
A treatment process which reduces the amount of substances that cause unpleasant odor and discoloration of water.
a. filtration
c. aeration
b. disinfection
d. none of the above
b. disinfection
A water treatment process aimed to destroy microorganisms that cause infectious disease.
a. ozonation
c. irradiation
b. disinfection
d. none of the above
b. disinfection
In coagulation and flocculation processes, water is mixed with coagulants to _______.
a. disperse colloidal particles
b. allow the formation of settleable particles
c. mechanically screen colloidal matters
d. none of the above
b. allow the formation of settleable particles
Sources of coagulants include __________.
a. earth from termite hills
b. aluminum and iron salts
c. potato starch
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
In flocculation process, it is necessary that the water being treated must be _________.
a. agitated
c. heated
b. stagnant
d. all of the above
a. agitated
In sedimentation, processed water is
allowed to pass through a settling chamber at ______.
a. low velocity
c. zero velocity
b. high velocity
d. none of the above
a. low velocity
It is the simplest method of separating solid particles from air by allowing air to pass through a large chamber to cause the solid material to fall due to its weight.
a. momentum separation
c. gravity separation
b. settling chamber
d. none of the above
c. gravity separation
A good material used for water filter.
a. chlorine
c. filter paper
b. activated carbon
d. none of the above
b. activated carbon
A method of separating fine duct by
allowing it to pass through a mist of water.
a. water purifier
c. water spraying
b. water scrubber
d. all of the above
b. water scrubber
storage where liquid waste is stored before final disposal
a. storage pond
c. holding pond
b. collecting pond
d. none of the above
c. holding pond
quantity of oxygen needed to satisfy
biochemical oxidation of organic matter in waste sample in 5 days at 20°C
a. TOC
c. COD
b. DO
d. BOD5
d. BOD5
It is the commonly practiced method of disinfecting water by households.
a. chlorination
c. boiling
b. ozonation
d. none of the above
c. boiling
Lesser amount of chorine is needed for water being treated if the turbidity of water is ________ .
a. high
c. zero
b. low
d. none of the above
b. low
non-biodegradable component of liquid waste composed of sand, gravel, cinders or other heavy solid materials
a. scum
c. grit
b. sludge
d. filling liners
c. grit
Liquid waste facility shall be constructed on soils with _______.
a. at least 15% clay
c. 0% clay
b. greater than 15% clay
d. none of the above
a. at least 15% clay
lagoons that can function as aerobic or anaerobic depending on the environment
a. anaerobic lagoon
c. facultative lagoon
b. embankment lagoon
d. none of the above
c. facultative lagoon
A gas filter that is suitable for high
temperature condition.
a. wool
c. filter glass
b. asbestos
d. all of the above
b. asbestos
In PAES 414-2:2002, the contaminated liquid that contains dissolved and suspended materials are called _________.
a. sewage
c. effluent
b. leachate
d. wastewater
b. leachate
standard test for measuring pollution
potential of waste materials that could be discharged to surface water
a. COD
c. TOC
b. BOD5
d. DO
b. BOD5
layer of compacted soil and gravel to
support the digester wall
a. headland
c. filling line
b. backfill
d. none of the above
b. backfill
adding or introducing anaerobic bacteria to the digester
a. inoculating
c. loading
b. seeding
d. none of the above
b. seeding
biogas plant where the digester and gas chamber form one unit
a. floating type
c. integrated
b. split-type
d. hybrid
c. integrated
average period that a given quantity of
slurry is retained in the digester for digestion
a. detention time
c. retention time
b. digestion period
d. none of the above
c. retention time
aerobic bacteria that act upon organic
materials and in the process, produce biogas
a. methanogens
c. thermophiles
b. facultative bacteria
d. acetogens
a. methanogens
layer of floating material (mainly fibrous) on the slurry
a. sludge
c. sewage
b. substrate
d. scum
d. scum
closed digester with an immovable, rigid gas chamber and a displacement pit
a. split-type
c. integrated
b. fixed type
d. ground digester
b. fixed type
minimum diameter of the biogas plant inlet pipe
a. 0.5m
c. 0.2m
b. 0.3m
d. none of the above
c. 0.2 m
For floating type biogas plant, the baffle
board height should be ____________ of the height of the filling line.
a. 25-50%
c. 60-70%
b. 20%
d. none of the above
a. 25-50%
a holding tank chamber where manure and water are collected, stored and separated from heavy and non-biodegradable materials before feeding them into the digester
a. collecting tank
c. separating type
b. storage tank
d. none of the above
a. collecting tank
also known as anaerobic reactor
a. bio-reactor
c. abattoir
b. digester
d. two of the above
d. two of the above
division in the digester that prevents the
slurry from premature exit into the
sludge/outlet tank
a. baffle board
c. agitator
b. filling line
d. divider
a. baffle board
For floating and balloon type biogas plant, the minimum volume of the outlet tank shall be ______ the daily slurry input of the digester.
a. less than
c. greater than
b. equal
d. none of the above
b. equal
The following are characteristics of a
biogas except ________.
a. heavier than air
c. combustion speed is 40cm/s
b. colorless
d. odorous
a. heavier than air
a process wherein waste materials from
plant and animal origins consisting mainly of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and inorganic materials are solubilized into simpler ones
a. acidogenesis
c. hydrolysis
b. acetogenesis
d. fermentation
c. hydrolysis
Mesophilic temperature range
a. 50-60°C
c. 20-35°C
b. 10-20°C
d. none of the above
c. 20-35°C
Optimum feed material to water ratio for
biogas production
a. 1:2
c. 2:1
b. 1:1
d. 2:1.5
b. 1:1
Biological degradation of organic solids
under aerobic conditions to a relatively stable humus-like material.
a. digestion
c. manure production
b. composting
d. none of the above
b. composting
It is an earthen facility for biological
treatment of wastewater.
a. lagoon
c. cesspool
b. detention pond
d. embankment pond
a. lagoon
rainfall containing animal manure
a. polluted water
c. pollutants
b. lot runoff
d. none of the above
b. lot runoff
A partially lined or unlined underground pit into which raw animal or household waste water is discharged.
a. lagoon
c. cistern
b. cesspool
d. septic tank
b. cesspool
any item used to improve the compost
structure and to increase porosity to allow internal air movement
a. amendment
c. bulking agent
b. C:N ratio
d. compost mix
c. bulking agent
In static pile composting, the mixture
height should be _____________ .
a. 0.5 – 2.3 m
c. 4.6 - 6 m
b. 2.4 - 4.5 m
d. none of the above
b. 2.4 - 4.5 m
any item added to the compost mixture that alters the moisture content, C:N ratio, or pH
a. amendment
c. bulking agent
b. C:N ratio
d. compost mix
a. amendment
Which of the following methods is not applicable to increase the total solids content of liquid manure?
a) Drying
b) Solid-liquid separation
c) Dilution
d) Add bedding
c) Dilution
The acronym of the Inter Governmental Panel for Climate Change.
a. IGPCC
b. IPCC
c. ICC
d. IGCC
b. IPCC
Mixture of manure and water
a. Sewer
b. Manure
c. Slurry
d. Waste
c. Slurry
What is/are the major greenhouse gas/es that are produced by human?
a. Carbon Dioxide
b. Methane
c. Nitrous Oxide
d. Carbon Dioxide and Methane
d. Carbon Dioxide and Methane
The _________ are sometimes adopted to supplement coarse screening and serve to reduce the size of large particles so that they will be removed in the form of a sludge in subsequent treatment processes.
a. Comminutors
b. Sieves
c. Grit Chamber
d. Skimming
a. Comminutors
ABE’s part in the RA 9003
a. Reducing Solid Waste Pollution
b. Managing Agricultural Solid Waste
c. Composting Agricultural Solid Waste
d. Designing of Solid Waste Disposal Sites
c. Composting Agricultural Solid Waste
Dissolved oxygen concentrations will be the lowest within a waterbody on _____.
a. Afternoon
b. Sunrise
c. Sunset
d. Noon
b. Sunrise
In computing for the size of anaerobic lagoons, the sludge volume must be determined. The sludge accumulation ratio for swine production is about
a. 0.0295
b. 0.0485
c. 0.0667
d. 0.0729
b. 0.0485
It is the sum of the organic and total ammoniacal nitrogen.
a. Total nitrogen
c. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen
b. Nitrate-nitrogen
d. Ammonium nitrogen
c. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen
A function of waste management that serves to reduce the pollution potential of the waste.
a. Utilization
b. Collection
c. Storage
d. Treatment
d. Treatment
Which of the following is not a consideration for the design of a cattle waste management system?
a. Characteristic of waste
c. Environment
b. Social concern
d. None of the above
d. None of the above
Which of the following is not a treatment process that separates liquid waste material from the solid waste materials?
a. Grit chamber
c. Composting
b. Centrifugation
d. Settling basin
d. Settling basin
According to PAES 412-2, the height of the windrows for composting should be
a. 0.5-0.8 m
b. 0.8-1 m
c. 1-2 m
d. 2-5 m
c. 1-2 m
Which contributes the most greenhouse gas emission from Philippine agriculture.
a. Rice cultivation
c. Agricultural soils
b. Enteric fermentation
d. Manure management
a. Rice cultivation
Recommended retention time of liquid swine manure for anaerobic digestion.
a. 25 days
b. 40 days
c. 30 days
d. 60 days
a. 25 days
Which of the following is not included as waste volume in the design of anaerobic lagoons
a. Manure volume
c. Wastewater volume
b. Clean water volume
d. Sludge volume
d. Sludge volume
In the design of anaerobic lagoons, this is the volume needed to maintain sustainable biological activity in the waste treatment system
a. Minimum treatment volume
c. Waste volume
b. Sludge volume
d. Sludge accumulation ratio
a. Minimum treatment volume
Global warming potential of methane
a. 25
b. 1
c. 298
d. 1180
a. 25
Space inside or outside the digester for the collection and storage of biogas
a. Sludge tank
b. Digester
c. Gas chamber
e. None of the above
d. Plenum
c. Gas chamber
Refers to the division in the digester that prevent the slurry from premature exit into the sludge/outlet tank.
a. Collecting tank
b. Stirrer
c. Baffle board
D. Backfill
e. None of the above
c. Baffle board
Plant used to process animal wastes or manure to produce biogas and sludge consisting of an inlet/mixing tank, digester, gas chamber and outlet/sludge tank
a. Biogas Plant
b. Biomass Gasifier
c. Biomass Plant
d. Bioethanol Plant
e. None of the above
a. Biogas Plant`
Color of biogas flame during daytime in outdoor areas.
a. Blue
b. Colorless
c. Green
d. Orange
e. None of the above
b. Colorless
The metal-corrosive component of biogas in small amount which smells like a rotten egg.
a. Tar
b. Nitrous oxide
c. Sulfuric acid
e. None of the above
d. Hydrogen sulfide
d. Hydrogen sulfide
Why does the air must be prevented from entering the biogas digester?
a. The digester will explode
b. The volume of the methane produced will decrease
c. The anaerobic bacteria will not produce methane
d. Scum will be produced
e. None of the above
a. The digester will explode
What percent of biogas is methane?
a. 40%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 70%
c. 60%
This parameter indicates the organic strength or load of a waste
a. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
b. pH
c. Moisture Content
d. Dry Matter
a. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Stage of aerobic composting which involves rapid increase in material temperature and uptake of soluble sugars and starches
a. 1st mesophilic stage
b. thermophilic stage
c. 2nd mesophilic stage
d. psychrophilic stage
a. 1st mesophilic stage
Moisture content requirement during composting to nourish the composting bacteria.
a. 10 to 20%
b. 30 to 45%
c. 50 to 60%
d. 60 to 80%
e. None of the choices
c. 50 to 60%
Percentage oxygen required for composting.
a. At least 5%
b. At least 20%
c. At least 40%
d. none of the choices
a. At least 5%
A liquid waste and slurry resulting from the production of livestock and poultry and processing of crops, livestock and poultry.
a. Animal waste
b. Agricultural waste
c. Agricultural liquid waste
d. None of the choices
c. Agricultural liquid waste
Width requirement of scrape alley for swine and poultry waste collection system.
a. 1.5 m to 2.5 m wide
b. 2.5 m to 4 m wide
c. 4 m to 5 m wide
d. None of the choices
a. 1.5 m to 2.5 m wide
Less amount of chlorine is needed for the water being treated if its turbidity is _____.
a. high
b. low
c. zero
d. None of the choices
b. low
A biological wastewater-treatment process in which the mixture of wastewater and biological solid is _____.
a. Activated sludge process
b. Agitated and aerated
c. Agitation process
d. Anaerobic digestion process
e. None of the choices
a. Activated sludge process
When a material goes with air, the velocity of the air that facilitates the picking-up of materials is _____.
a. Terminal velocity
b. Superfluous velocity
c. Laminar velocity
d. None of the choices
a. Terminal velocity
C-N ratio for anaerobic digestion of agri-waste.
a. 30:1 to 40:1
b. 20:1 to 30:1
c. 25:1 to 35:1
d. 35:1 to 45:1
b. 20:1 to 30:
This type of digestion takes place optimally around 30 to 38 °C, or at ambient temperatures between 20 and 45 °C.
a. Thermophilic
b. Mesophilic
c. Hydrolysis
d. None of the choices
b. Mesophilic
t is attached to the compost material and is a good composting indicator.
a. Molds
b. Actinomyces
c. Cynobacteria
d. Mesophiles
b. Actinomyces
Natural agitation is recommended only for this biogas plant.
a. Small
b. Floating
c. Balloon
d. Large
e. Fixed
a. Small
Type of biogas plant where the digester and gas chamber is integrated into one tank.
a. Balloon type
b. Fixed type
c. Tube type
d. Floating type
e. Single-unit type
b. Fixed type
In the liquid waste facility, this is the storage where liquid waste is stored before final disposal.
a. Facultative lagoon
b. Secondary treatment
c. Liquid line
d. Holding pond
e. Reception pit
d. Holding pond
In the solid waste facility, what is the recommended pH of the compost mixture?
a. 1-3.5
b. 3-6
c. 5.5-8
d. 7-9
e. 8-10.5
c. 5.5-8
Plastic sheet for constructing balloon and bed lining in covered lagoon
biogas plants.
A. Acetate
B. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
C. High density polyethylene (HDPE)
D. None of the above
B. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
By how many times is methane destructive to the environment than carbon dioxide?
A. 2 times
B. 10 times
C. 21 times
D. NOTA
C. 21 times
Energy system consisting of the digester, gasholder, mixing tank and
sludge tank.
A. Biogas work
B. Biogas plant
C. Fermenter
D. NOTA
B. Biogas plant
Flammable gas derived from anaerobic fermentation of any organic matter especially animal manure or manure-biomass mixture.
A. Methane
B. LPG
C. Biogas
D. NOTA
C. Biogas
The estimated proportion of carbon dioxide in biogas for digesters using 1:1 water-manure ratio.
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 40%
D. NOTA
C. 40%
The non-flammable component of biogas occupying significant volume.
A. Water vapor
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Hydrogen
D. NOTA
B. Carbon dioxide
Estimated biogas produced per kg cow manure for 25-day hydraulic
retention time.
A. 0.03 m3/kg
B. 0.05 m3/kg
C. 0.06 m3/kg
D. NOTA
A. 0.03 m3/kg
Which of the following gases is principally produced during aerobic
degradation of manure?
a. CO2
b. CH4
c. H2S
d. NH3
a. CO2
A non-degradable portion of the manure is sometimes called:
a. Fixed solids
b. Total solids
c. Volatile solids
d. Dry matter
a. Fixed solids
It is the soluble form of nitrogen and is easily leached beyond the root zone of plants. The principal sources of this form of nitrogen from agricultural activities are animal waste and commercial fertilizer.
a. Ammoniacal nitrogen
c. Nitrite
b. Nitrate
d. Kjeldahl nitrogen
b. Nitrate
Optimum moisture content (w.b.) for manure composting.
a.60%
b.80%
c.30%
d.40%
a.60%
Which of the following is not true about anaerobic digestion of animal
manure?
a. Source of alternative energy
b. Low power requirement
c. Effluent is rich in nutrients
d. Requires aeration
d. Requires aeration
Which of the following compost material is high in nitrogen content?
a. Wood chips
b. Rice straw
c. Chicken manure
d. Newspaper
b. Rice straw
The amount of volatile solids fed daily per unit working volume of digester.
a. Percent volatile solids
c. Solids retention time
b. Organic loading rate
d. Hydraulic retention time
b. Organic loading rate
This commercial anaerobic digester uses a high density polyethylene (HDPE) material as lagoon liner and cover to completely seal and contain the wastewater and biogas generated.
a. Covered in ground anaerobic reactor (CIGAR)
b. Tubular polyethylene digester (TPED)
c. Uplow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB)
d. Concrete anaerobic digester
a. Covered in ground anaerobic reactor (CIGAR)
The breaking down of organic matters in a water solution or in a suspension into simpler and more biologically-stable compounds.
a. Digestion
b. Ammonification
c. Adsorption
d. None of the above
a. Digestion
The biological decomposition of nitrogenous organic matter producing a foul-smelling product associated with the anaerobic degradation of proteins.
a. Anaerobic digestion
b. Putrefaction
c. Liquefaction
d. None of the above
b. Putrefaction
The wastewater, either treated or untreated, discharged from a reservoir, basin, or treatment plant.
a. Effluent
b. Influent
c. Turbid water
d. None of the above
a. Effluent
