Env=> territory + personal space

Question 1

Key Research=> Wells
Office clutter or meaningful personal displays=> the role of office personalisation in employee + organisational well being

Answer 1

Office workers in 20 small businesses in California

1. ) Do Men + Women personalise workspaces differently
2. ) Is personalisation of workspaces associated with employee well being
3. ) Is personalisation more important to Women’s well being compared to men’s
4. ) Is the personalisation polity that the company takes associated with he well being of the organisation as a whole

Method
Surveys were given out to workers measured=>
-Workplace personalisation, satisfaction with physical work env, job satisfaction, well being. employee perceptions of organised well-being, personality traits, personal demographic information

Case studies=>

• Tape recorded structured interviews=> open ended questions
• Followed with examination of their workspace using observation checklist

Results=>

1. ) Women personalised workspaces more than Men (had more items.) Women= symbols of family/friends/pets. Men= symbols of achievements
2. ) Personalisation significantly associated with satisfaction of work environment=> associated with job satisfaction
3. ) Personalisation not siugnifancly more important to well being of women that it was to men. But interview suggests it could be “Wouldn’t work” for a company that prohibited workspace personalisation
4. ) Companies that are more lenient to personalisation polices reported more positive organisation climate, more positive social climate

Question 2

Smith=> territorial behaviour on beaches

Answer 2

Whether there are cultural differences in how people mark territory on a beach
-West Germany, France + America
Short interviews to get data about=>
-Nationality
-Size of group
Measured=> size, width of space + any territorial markers

• West Germany= very large territories
• 5th of West Germany=> put up signs saying reserved
• Males claimed more territory than Females
• French=> people had no concept about territory

Question 3

Hall=> zones of personal space

Answer 3

1.) Intimate distance 
Intimate contacts 
2.) Personal distance 
Close friends + everyday interactions 
3.) Social distance 
Impersonal + business 
4.) Public distance
Individual + public 

The zone that might be used=> depend on factors= nature of relationship + activity engaged in

Question 4

Middlemist=> personal space invasions in urinals

Answer 4

Investigate if personal space invasion can lead to biological response on the body

• Mens toilet=> American university
• 3 urinals + forced to use left
• Next to participant= close distance
• 1 away= moderate
• No one= control

Observer in toilet stall with stopwatch + periscope (vital data)

• How long it took before urinated
• How long they urinated for

Results= closer distances= increased delay + decreased duration

Question 5

Sommer + Ross=> seating arrangements

Answer 5

• If a person sits opposite you= response negatively
• If they sit opposite slightly to 1 side=> less threatened= can have eyes clancy + more likely to have social contact

How a hospital in Canada has a depressed and isolating feeling

• Chars= against walls= no social contact
• Re-arranging chairs into smaller circular groups (sociopetal) made patients interact more