Env=> Stresses in the env

Question 1

Key research=> black + black

Aircraft noise exposure + residents stress + hypertension

Answer 1

Impact of noise on health of community of people living in surrounding areas of Sydney airport

• Is health related QOL worse in areas affected by aircraft noise?
• Is L.T exposure to aircraft noise linked to high blood pressure in adults

Aircraft noise area= more than 50 aircrafts a day + louder than 70 decibels
Control area= 55 km from airport

Questionnaires sent to every home= 704 responses

Questionnaire questions about=>

• Health (physical, mental + vitality)
• Hypertension (medical history about cholesterol + high blood pressure)
• Annoyance from noise (scale 0-10)
• Identifying extraneous factors (employment/exercise e.g)

Results=

• Significantly higher sound annoyance score in noise area compared to control
• After controlling extraneous variables mean score for health= significantly lower in noise area
• L.T exposure to aircraft noise= linked with chronic noise stress + hypertension

Living near aircraft noise= significant negative impact on residents lives

Question 2

Glass + Singer=> reasons why noise is stressful

Answer 2

How noise causes stress when doing simple cognitive tasks
Noise= recording of urban environments (25 mins)

• Volume= 56 or 108 decibels
• Predictability= 9 second bursts at regular intervals/ unpredictable bursts at irregular lengths
• Perceived controls= some had a switch to stop noise and some didn’t

2 tasks= correcting SPAG from passage + tracing lines over shape outline

Results strongest effect on performance=

• Noise being unpredictable
• Noice they couldn’t control

Question 3

Kenrick + MacFarlane=> temperature

Answer 3

How drivers respond to being trapped behind stationary car in different temps

-75 divers
-April to August
-Temps= 31-46
Car in front waited throughout green light + covert observers recorded anger though=
-Number of honks
-Duration of each honk
-Latency of honk (how long before first one)

Results= positive correlation between temperature + amount of honking= temp is an environmental stressor

Question 4

Lundberg=> overcrowding on commuter trains

Answer 4

-Train journey= 72 mins
-All Male participants
-Switzerland
2 groups of passengers=
-High density group= more passengers
-Low density group= less passengers

Passengers who got on first= L.D group + last= H.D group

• Stress was measured through adrenaline in urine
• More crowded the train was= more adrenaline in urine

-L.D group was less stressed than H.D group even though they on on train longer- because they had a seat

Question 5

Ellis=> rational emotive theory

Answer 5

If people are feeling overly stressed= they are thinking irrationally. Aim= help clients think rationally about stress

5 stages=

• Activating experience
• Beliefs (Irrational)
• Consequences
• Disputing
• Effects of theory

Examples of irrational thoughts=

• Can’t-stand-itis
• Awfulising
• Musterbating