entomology by Dr Cinitia Flashcards
Rinne Test CLINICAL FEATURES
AC>BC: Normal, SNHL BC>AC: Conductive
Weber Test CLINICAL FEATURES
Conductive: Louder in Deaf Ear Sensorineural: Louder in Better Ear
Deafness in Elderly CLINICAL FEATURES
Presbycusis: Loss of high frequencies (F, S sound)
Deafness in Children CLINICAL FEATURES
Hearing loss: 1/1000 SNHL: 2/1000
Deafness in Children FIRST INVESTIGATION
Screening at 8m-1y, and school entry
Deafness in Children BEST INVESTIGATION
<4yo: Tympanometry
>4yo Audiometry
Otosclerosis CLINICAL FEATURES
AD, progressive, pregnancy, conductive hearing loss with normal TM, too many scars
Otosclerosis TREATMENT
- Refer - Stapedectomy
Meniere’s dx CLINICAL FEATURES
Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus,
Meniere’s dx TREATMENT (3)
1.Prochlorperazine or urea crystal
2.Diazepam
3.Low salt diet (Main one for long term)
Labyrinthitis CLINICAL FEATURES
Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, previous viral inf.
Labyrinthitis TREATMENT (2)
- Prochlorperazine
- Diazepam
Acoustic Neuroma CLINICAL FEATURES
Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, diplopia, ataxia
Acoustic Neuroma TREATMENT (2)
- Observation (grows slowly)
- Surgery
BPPV CLINICAL FEATURES
Vertigo, no hearing loss or tinnitus
BPPV BEST INVESTIGATION
Positive Hallpike Test
BPPV TREATMENT (2)
- Reassurance
- Epley Manoeuvre
Foreign Body in nose CLINICAL FEATURES
Unilateral nasal discharge
Foreign Body in nose BEST INVESTIGATION
Nasal examination under general anaesthesia
Foreign Body in nose TREATMENT
Removal
Epistaxis CLINICAL FEATURES
MCC: Local incidental trauma
Epistaxis FIRST INVESTIGATION (3)
- FBE
- INR/aPTT
- Blood group
Epistaxis TREATMENT (3)
- Put pt leaning forward
- Simple tamponade
- Anterior/Posterior Pack
Rhinitis CLINICAL FEATURES
IgE, pale nasal turbines, boggy membrane. <4d <4w- intermittent seasonal. >4d >4w perennial
Rhinitis BEST INVESTIGATION
IgE AB test, RAST Test
Rhinitis TREATMENT
Next: Antihistamines
Best: Steroids (Daily life problems, hay fever allergy-fluticasone nasal spray)
Sinusitis CLINICAL FEATURES
Acute, Chronic (>8-12w). Assoc w nasal polyps
Sinusitis TREATMENT (3)
- Fluoroquinolones OR Amoxi/Clav 2-3w
- Cephalosporin 2-3w.
- Refer if orbital/facial cellulitis
Foreign Body in Ear CLINICAL FEATURES
Unilateral hearing loss, earache, discharge
Foreign Body in Ear TREATMENT
<1y: Give local anaesthesia Live Insects: Next: Drops, Best:
Syringe ear
TM not perforated: Syringe
TM perforated: Suction
Acute Otitis Media CLINICAL FEATURES
<2 weeks. No itching. Pain. School age-viral, <2yo or aboriginal: Bacterial. - Red flags (Immediate Atb): <6m, immunocompromised, aboriginal, only hearing ear, cochlear implant.
Acute Otitis Media TREATMENT
-No TM involved-Viral: PCM or
Lidocaine 2%
-If TM involved-Bacterial w/ red flags: Amoxycillin for 5 days. - No improvement after 48hr: Amoxi/Clav for 5 days. Delayed Penicilin hypersensitivity: Cefuroxime. Immediate-Bactrim
Recurrent Otitis Media CLINICAL FEATURES
> 3 episodes in 6m, >4-6 in 12 months
Recurrent Otitis Media TREATMENT
Prophylaxis: Amoxi or Cefaclor for 4 months.
Pneumococcus vaccine in children>18m + Atb
Chronic Otitis Media CLINICAL FEATURES
> 2weeks. Discharge with no pain.
- Organism: Pseudomona (common in aboriginal)
Chronic Otitis Media TREATMENT (2)
1.Atbs antipseudomona: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, cephalosporin (children)
2.Ear drops and cipro (adults and aboriginal children)
Cholesteatoma CLINICAL FEATURES
Squamous, attic, perforation, foul smelling, conductive HL. - Complications: Facial Nerve palsy, meningitis, brain abscess
Cholesteatoma TREATMENT
-<50% perforation: Ear toilet, drops,
Qx
->50% perforation: Qx
Otitis Externa CLINICAL FEATURES
Itching, pain, hearing loss.
- Candida: Pale cream debris
- Aspergillus: Black spores
Otitis Externa TREATMENT (3)
1.Aura toilet
2.Syringing+drying
3.Dressing impregnated w steroid+Atb 4. Wick insertion
Eustachian tube dysfunction CLINICAL FEATURES
Cracking, popping sound, fullness sensation, assoc w viral URTIs.
Eustachian tube dysfunction TREATMENT
- Systemic and intranasal decongestants.
Avoid air travel or diving.
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) CLINICAL FEATURES
- RF: Immunodeficiency, steroids, DM, HIV, chronic xerostomia
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) TREATMENT
Topical: Nystatin Oral: Fluconazole
Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy) CLINICAL FEATURES
Odynophagia, trismus
Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy) FIRST INVESTIGATION
- Throat Swab
Peritonsillar abscess (Quinsy) TREATMENT
(2):
1.Incision and drainage
2.Intubation if symptoms of affected airway (Epiglotitis, wheezing)
Strep Tonsillopharyngitis CLINICAL FEATURES
Fever>38, sore throat, no cough, tender neck glands, white spots
Strep Tonsillopharyngitis TREATMENT
PCN oral for 10 days (Roxithromycin if allergic)