Enterprise Systems Lifecycle 1 Flashcards
Enterprise Systems Lifecycle
Pre-Implementation Phase:
- Business/Digital Strategy
- Organization Design
- Business/IT Alignment
Implementation Phase:
- Implementation Management
- Techno-Change Management
- Human Centered Design
Post-Implementation Phase:
- Acceptance & Use management
- Success Management
- Continuous Optimization
Organizational Adoption
Involves all actions of individuals in an organization that deal with creating awareness, selecting, evaluating, initiating and deciding for the implementation of new digital technology
Conversion
Involves all actions of individuals (in or across organizations) that deal with developing and implementing new digital technology.
Use
Involves all actions of individuals in an organization that deal with using and changing digital technology or the respective work system to realize intended business value.
Risks when implementing ES
External Business Context: Competitive, collaborative or cooperative environment, i.e. competitor, vendors. Example: End of maintenance, incompatibility with supplier systems
Organizational Context:
- Organizational structure and culture
- IT infrastructure and knowledge skills
- Firm strategy and business processes
Example: Not accepted by employees -> shortcut
Information Systems Context:
- ES vs non-ES
- Technology and ES knowledge
Example: missing/outdated knowledge, architecture does not fit goal
Project Management:
- Budgeting and scheduling
- project focus and scope
- organizational change management
Example: Scope creep/scope too broad, wrong budgeting forecast due to complexity
Risk Strategy
- Risk Analysis
- Risk Treatment
- Risk Strategies
Risk Analysis
Judge:
- Calculate Risk probability (low, moderate, high)
- Risk seriousness (catastrophic, tolerable)
- Involve experienced project managers and domain experts
- Derive a risk analysis table
Risk Treatment
- One cannot identify/foresee all project risks
- Overly long lists of risks are a risk
- Literature recommend dealing with the main 5-15 risks
- Risks must be manageble
- Literature recommend dealing with the main 5-15 risks
- Consider all catastrophic risks
Risk Strategies
- Avoidance Strategy: Reduce probability of risk occurrence
- Minimisation strategies: Reduce Risk impact
- Contingency plans: preparation for the worst, strategy to deal with the worst case
Critical Success Factors in ES Lifecycle
Consulting Services
Key Users
Top Management Support
Strategy in Pre-Implementation
3 Phases:
- Strategy Planning: Where do we want to be?
- Strategy Implementation: How do we get there?
- Strategic Positioning: Where are we today?
Business & IT Strategy Alignment
Business Drives IT: Business Strategy -> IT Strategy. IT is a supplier
“Some IT Input: Business Strategy -> IT Strategy. Small influence from IT to Business. Focus on business process enablement
Mutually shape each other: Biz -><-IT
Strategy to ES Implementation
Strategic IT Planning: Long-Term planning with 5-10 year horizon
IT Architecture: Master plan incl. alignment with business and technological architecture
IT Portfolio & Roadmap: Systematic evaluation of all project opportunities
Antecedents for Organizational Adoption Process
Environmental: Regulatory Requirements, new technologies in the market
Organizational: Mergers or acquistions, demographic changes
Managerial: Attitude towards innovation, age
Software Evaluation Criteria
Primary Drivers:
- Technology: Hardware Integration, operational system
- Cost and Pricing: Implementation Cost, Cost of Upgrades
- Support & Services: Implemenation support, technical maintenance, Documentation & Training
Secondary Drivers:
- Vendor Vision: Future Plans, Partnership Program
- Vendor Strenght: Personal and financial strength
