Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

1
Q

Enterobacteriaceae (4):

A
  • Gram negative rods.
  • LPS in cell wall.
  • Ferment glucose.
  • Oxidase negative
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2
Q

Enterobacteriaceae that ferment lactose (5):

A
Occurs:
- Klebsiella.
- Escherichia
- Enterobacter
Slowly:
- Serratia
- Vibrio
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3
Q

Enterobacteriaceae virulence factors (7):

A
  • Endotoxin (LPS - highly immunogenic).
  • Capsule.
  • Antigenic phase variation.
  • Type III secretion system.
  • Sequestration of growth factor.
  • Resistance to serum killing (compliment).
  • Antimicrobial resistance.
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4
Q

Diseases caused by E. coli (5):

A
  • Gastroenteritis.
  • Hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
  • UTI.
  • Neonatal meningitis.
  • Septicemia.
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5
Q

Five major E. coli groups (5):

A
  • ETEC
  • EPEC
  • EIEC
  • EAggEC
  • EHEC
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6
Q

ETEC (6):

A
  • Plasmid-mediated.
  • Non-invasive.
  • Fimbrial adhesins, CFA I and II.
  • Heat labile (LT) and heat stable (ST) enterotoxins.
  • Watery diarrhea in infants and traveler’s diarrhea.
  • No inflammation, fever or cell cytotoxicity.
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7
Q

EPEC (7):

A
  • Non-fimbrial adhesion.
  • Moderately invasive.
  • Does not produce LT or ST.
  • Attachement-effacement.
  • Bundle forming pilus (Bfp).
  • Destruction of microvilli.
  • Infantile diarrhea, some inflammation, no fever.
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8
Q

EHEC (4):

A
  • Moderately invasive.
  • Does not produce LT or ST.
  • Produces shiga-like toxin (SLT) - cytotoxic to intestinal villi and colon epithelial cells.
  • Pediatric diarrhea, copious bloody discharge, intense inflammation and hemolytic uremia.
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9
Q

EIEC (6):

A
  • Non-fimbrial adhesions.
  • Invasive.
  • Entry site is the M cell.
  • Does not produce shiga toxin.
  • Dysentery-like diarrhea (mucous, blood), severe inflammation, fever.
  • Very large plasmid.
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10
Q

EAggEC (4):

A
  • Adhesins not characterized.
  • Non-invasive.
  • Produce ST-like toxin and a hemolysin.
  • Persistent diarrhea in young children without immunization, no fever.
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11
Q

Most common cause of UTI:

A

E. coli

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12
Q

Salmonella spp (4):

A
  • Common in GI tract of animals but not humans.
  • Do not ferment lactose.
  • Produce H2S.
  • Facultative intracellular growth.
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13
Q

Diseases caused by salmonella spp (4):

A
  • Gastroenteritis.
  • Typhoid (enteric) fever (s. typhi).
  • Bacteremia.
  • Localized infections in other sites (usually immunocompromised).
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14
Q

Typhoid fever (6):

A
  • S. typhi and S. paratyphi.
  • 6-30 days incubation.
  • Initial symptoms: fever, HA, malaise and anorexia.
  • Starts in small intestine through peyer’s patches, then spread to phagocytes of liver, gallbladder and spleen.
  • Survival in the phagosomes in phagocytic cells - carrier state.
  • Transmitted only by humans.
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15
Q

Enterocolitis (4):

A
  • Invasion of epithelia and sub-epithelial tissue of the small and large intestines.
  • PMN response limits to the gut and adjacent lymph node.
  • Infective dose very high.
  • Gastric acid important host defense.
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16
Q

Shigella spp (7):

A
  • Non-lactose fermenting.
  • Gram-negative rods.
  • Do not produce H2S.
  • Non-motile.
  • Produce no gas fermenting glucose.
  • Shiga toxin.
  • No animal reservoir.
17
Q

Reiter’s Syndrome (3):

A
  • Arthritis, conjunctivitis and urethritis.
  • Appear after intestinal infections by one of the intestinal pathogens.
  • Most male, HLA-B27.
18
Q

Pathogens that cause Reiter’s syndrome (5):

A
  • Shigella.
  • Yersinia enterocolitica.
  • Salmonella.
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • Campylobacter.