Cephalosporins and Carbapenems

Question 1

Cephalosporin MOA:

Answer 1

Binds to PBPs, inhibits crosslinking of peptidoglycan strands.

Question 2

Cephalosporins for meningitis:

Answer 2

3rd Generation

- Ceftriaxone (4x normal dose).

Question 3

Cephalosporins that are hepatically eliminated (2):

Answer 3

• Ceftriaxone

- Cefoperazone

Question 4

Cephalosporins ADR (7):

Answer 4

• Hypersensitivity reaction.
• Bleeding.
  
  • Cefamandole and cefoperazone.
• Disulfiram-like intolerance (alcohol).
• Diarrhea.
• Pseudomembranous colitis.
• Interstitial nephritis.
• Serum sickness (cefaclor).

Question 5

Cephalosporin drug interactions (3):

Answer 5

• Warfarin.
• Alcohol.
• Probenecid.

Question 6

First generation cephalosporins (2):

Answer 6

PO:
- Cephalexin
IV:
- Cefazolin

Question 7

Second generation cephalosporins (3):

Answer 7

PO/IV:
- Cefuroxime
IV:
- Cefoxitin (cephamycin)
- Cefotetan (cephamycin)

Question 8

Third generation cephalosporins (2):

Answer 8

IV:

• Ceftriaxone
• Ceftazidime

Question 9

Fourth generation cephalosporins (1):

Answer 9

IV:

- Cefepime

Question 10

Fifth generation cephalosporins (1):

Answer 10

IV:

- Ceftaroline

Question 11

First generation cephalosporins spectrum of activity:

Answer 11

G+:
- Staph, strep
G-:
- PIddly, E. Coli

Question 12

Second generation cephalosporins spectrum of activity:

Answer 12

G+:
- Staph, strep
G-:
- Piddly, PEK
Anaerobes (cephamycins only)

Question 13

Third generation cephalosporins spectrum of activity:

Answer 13

G+:
- Strep
G-:
- SPACE

Question 14

Fourth generation cephalosporins spectrum of activity:

Answer 14

G+:
- Staph, strep
G-:
- SPACE

Question 15

Fifth generation cephalosporins spectrum of activity:

Answer 15

G+:
- Staph, strep, enterococcus
G-:
- SCE

Question 16

Cephalosporin indicated for community acquired pneumonia:

Answer 16

3rd generation

Question 17

Cephalosporin indicated for nosocomial pneumonia:

Answer 17

• Ceftaz

- Cefepime

Question 18

Cephalosporin indicated for meningitis:

Answer 18

Ceftriaxone

Question 19

Cephalosporin indicated for surgical prophylaxis:

Answer 19

• Cefazolin

- Cephamycins for abd/GI surgeries

Question 20

Cephalosporin indicated for febrile neutropenia:

Answer 20

• Ceftaxidime

- Cefepime

Question 21

Carbapenems (4):

Answer 21

D.I.M.E.

• Doripenem
• Imipenem
• Meropenem
• Ertapenem

Question 22

MOA of carbapenems:

Answer 22

Bind to PBP resulting in cidal effect.

Question 23

ADRs for carbapenems (5):

Answer 23

• Seizures
• Cross allergenicity w/ PCN
• Anemia
• Leukopenia
• Thrombocytopenia

Question 24

Carbapenem D.I.M. spectrum of activity:

Answer 24

• Staph, Strep
• SPACE
• Anaerobes
• ESBL PEK

Question 25

Ertapenem spectrum of activity:

Answer 25

• Staph, strep
• Anaerobes
• ESBL PEK

Question 26

Aztreonam:

Answer 26

• G- coverage onmly