Chloraphenicol, Macrolides and Clindamycin

Question 1

Macrolides (3):

Answer 1

• Erythromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Azithromycin

Question 2

Macrolide MOA:

Answer 2

Reversibly binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria.

- Bacteriostatic.

Question 3

Erythromycin ADRs:

Answer 3

- GI: cramps N/V/D
   > Stimulates motilin.
- Thrombophlebitis
- Cholestatic hepatits
- Ototoxicity (IV large dose)
- QT prolongation (IV large dose)

Question 4

Clarithromycin/azithromycin ADRs:

Answer 4

• GI
• HA
• Dizziness
• Allergic reactions

Question 5

Macrolide spectrum of activity:

Answer 5

• Gram positive
• Atypicals
• H. flu, M. Cat (C/A only)
• H. pylori (C only)

Question 6

Macrolide indications:

Answer 6

• PCN allergic pts.
• CAP (C/A)
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Legionnaire’s disease
• Chlamydia trachomatis non-gonococcal (not estolate form)

Question 7

Clindamycin MOA:

Answer 7

• Binding of 50S ribosome leading to inhibition of protein synthesis.

Question 8

Clindamycin spectrum of activity:

Answer 8

• Staph
• Strep
• Anaerobes
• Toxoplasmosis

Question 9

Clindamycin ADRs:

Answer 9

• Allergic reactions
• Diarrhea
• C. difficile
• Hepatotoxicity

Question 10

Chloramphenicol MOA:

Answer 10

Reversibly binds to the larger 50S subunit of the 70S ribosome.

Question 11

Chloramphenicol absorption:

Answer 11

Oral > IV

Question 12

Chloramphenicol spectrum of activity:

Answer 12

• Gram positive
• Gram negative
• Aerobic
• Anaerobic
• Rickettsia
• Chlamydia

Question 13

Chloramphenicol indications:

Answer 13

• Bacterial meningitis

- Rickettsial infections