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ENTERICS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most clinically identified Enterobacteriaceae

A

Escherichia
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Salmonella
Shigella
Proteus
Yersinia

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of Family Enterobacteriaceae

A

Gram-negative
Short rods
Straight-sided bacilli
Non-sporulating
Facultative anaerobes
Motile
All ferment glucose
All are able to reduce nitrate to nitrite
Catalase; positive
Most are Cytochrome C oxidase; negative

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3
Q

All Enterobacteriaceae are motile except …

A

Shigella
Klebsiella
and some species of Escherichia, Salmonella, Yersinia

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4
Q

All motile species have what type of flagella

A

Peritrichous flagella

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5
Q

All species have peritrichous flagella except

A

Tatumella ptyseos

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6
Q

Tatumella ptyseos have what type of flagella

A

Monotrichous flagella

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7
Q

All Enterobacteriaceae are catalase positive except

A

Shigella dysenteriae

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8
Q

Enterobacteriaceae common antigens are

A

O: outer membrane
H: flagella
K: capsule
Vi: Capsule of Salmonella

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9
Q

What is the protein marker found on the surface of bacteria

A

Antigens

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10
Q

O antigen is also known as

A

Somatic antigen

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11
Q

It is heat stable and associated with the lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin moiety of the cell-wall

A

Somatic antigen

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12
Q

The antigen that makes organism to be virulent

A

O antigen

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13
Q

Mucus with blood defecating

A

Dysentery

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14
Q

K antigen is also known as

A

Envelop or capsular antigen

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15
Q

What kind of antigen is also known as capsular antigen

A

K antigen

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16
Q

H antigen is also known as

A

Flagellar antigen

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17
Q

What kind of antigen is also known as flagellar antigen

A

H antigen

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18
Q

It is an antigen that is heat-labile and protein in nature

A

H antigen

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19
Q

What are the indole test positive organisms

A

Klebsiella oxytoca
Citrobacter koseri
Proteus vulgaris

Escherichia coli
Morganella morganii
Providencia

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20
Q

Methyl Red positive organisms

A

Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Escherichia coli
Proteus spp.
Yersinia
Citrobacter

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21
Q

Methyl Red negative organisms

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter spp.
Serratia marcescens
Hafnia spp.

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22
Q

Vogues Proskauer positive organisms

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter spp.
Serratia marcescens
Hafnia spp.

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23
Q

Citrate positive organisms

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter spp.
Citrobacter freundii
Salmonella spp.
Serratia marcescens
Proteus mirabilis
Providencia

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24
Q

Citrate variable organisms

A

Proteus mirablis
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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25
Q

It is degradation product of the amino acid TRYPTOPHAN together with pyruvic acid and ammonia

A

Indole test

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26
Q

Enzyme to degrade TRYPTOPHAN

A

TRYPTOPHANASE

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27
Q

What broth is used in indole test

A

Tryptophan or peptone broth

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28
Q

What is the reagent of indole test

A

5 drops of Kovacs reagent containing PDAB

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29
Q

2 methods of indole test

A

Conventional tube method
Spot indole test

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30
Q

A type of indole test method used for weak indole-producing organism

A

Conventional tube method

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31
Q

A type of indole test method used to detect rapid indole-producing organism

A

Spot indole test

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32
Q

What are the 3 most common agar for multitest agar

A

Sulfide-Indole-Motility (SIM)
Motility-Indole-Urease (MIU)
Motility-Indole-Ornithine (MIO)

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33
Q

It is the detection of end-product glucose fermentation

A

Methyl Red Test

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34
Q

It is a test that uses Alpha naphthol as a catalyst or color intensifier

A

Vogues-Proskauer

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35
Q

Acetoin is oxidized to …

A

Diacetyl

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36
Q

What is the Barrits-B in Vogues Proskauer test

A

40% KOH or NaOH

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37
Q

Vogues Proskauer must be check/observed within …

A

1 hour

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38
Q

This test determines if an organism can use sodium citrate as the sole carbon source and ammonia as the nitrogen

A

Citrate Utilization Test

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39
Q

What is the pH indicator of the Methyl red test

A

Methyl red

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40
Q

What is the pH indicator of Citrate Utilization Test

A

Bromthymol Blue

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41
Q

What is the alternative medium of Citrate Utilization Test

A

Christensen’s medium

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42
Q

Christensen’s medium uses what kind of pH indicator

A

Phenol red

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43
Q

What sugars are in TSI

A

Lactose
Sucrose
Glucose

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44
Q

This test is useful for the presumptive identification of gram-negative enteric

A

Triple Sugar Iron Agar

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45
Q

What is the pH indicator of TSI test

A

Phenol red

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46
Q

What is the H2S indicator of TSI

A

Ferrous sulfate and Sodium thiosulfate

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47
Q

What is the sugar ratio of TSI

A

10:10:1

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48
Q

A/A, Gas + organisms

A

Escherichia
Klebsiella
Enterobacter

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49
Q

K/A, H2S, Gas organisms

A

Salmonella
Proteus
Arizona
Citrobacter
Edwardsiella

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50
Q

K/K organism

A

Pseudomonas

51
Q

Motility media have a concentration of …

A

0.4% or less

52
Q

This test is useful for the differentiation of Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp

A

Distilled water motility test

53
Q

This test determines whether an organism can hydrolyze urea

A

Urease test

54
Q

Principle of Urease test

A

Urea + Urease = CO2+H20+Ammonia

55
Q

pH indicator of Urease test

A

Phenol Red

56
Q

Presumptive test for Helicobacter pylori

A

Urease test

57
Q

Urease test used agar

A

Christensen’s urea agar

58
Q

Delayed positive organism in Urease test

A

Klebsiella spp.
Enterobacter spp.

59
Q

Organism positive for Urease test

A

Proteus spp.
Providencia stuartii
Morganella morganii
Cryptococcus spp.
Corynebacterium spp.
Helicobacter pylori
Brucella spp.

60
Q

This test is used to determine if a bacterium is a delayed LF or NLF

61
Q

What color is ONPG Test positive

62
Q

This test is used to detect the ability of organisms to utilize acetate as a carbon source

63
Q

This test determines whether the organism has the ability to reduce nitrate to nitrite

A

Nitrate & Nitrite Reduction

64
Q

What color is Nitrate & Nitrite Reduction positive

65
Q

Escherichia coli was discovered by whom and when

A

Theodore Escherich in 1885

66
Q

Escherichia coli was first isolated from …

A

Feces of newborns

67
Q

What is Escherichia coli’s morphology on XLD and HEA

A

Dry yellow colonies

68
Q

What is Escherichia coli temperature range

A

15-45 degC

69
Q

Escherichia coli possesses what type of capsule

A

Polysialic acid capsule (K1)

70
Q

F antigen is also known as

A

Fimbrial antigen

71
Q

What form of Escherichia coli on Nutrient Agar is emulsifiable in saline

A

Smooth form

72
Q

What hemolytic pattern of Escherichia coli on BAP

A

Beta-hemolytic

73
Q

E.coli colonies on MAC appears …

A

Flat and pink (LF)

74
Q

Sorbitol MAC is slightly selective due to …

A

Low concentration of bile salts

75
Q

Crystal violet inhibits …

A

Gram-positive organism

76
Q

Differentiation of enteric microorganisms is achieved by the combination of …

A

Sorbitol and neutral red indicator

77
Q

What strain of E.coli does not ferment sorbitol

A

E.coli 0157:H7

78
Q

E.coli 0157:H7 is associated with …

A

Hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

79
Q

E.coli on EMB appears…

A

Pink with green metallic sheen

80
Q

E.coli on Liquid Media shows …

A

Homogenous turbid growth within 12-18 hours

81
Q

After 72 hours of long incubation, what is formed in the surface

82
Q

This organism is responsible for more than 80% of all community-acquired UTI

A

Escherichia coli

83
Q

Escherichia coli is responsible for how many percent of community-acquired UTI

84
Q

What are the subdivided group of E.coli

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)
Enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC)
Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)
Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC)
Diffusely-Adherent E.coli (DAEC)

85
Q

What E.coli strain is known to cause “Montezuma’s revenge”

86
Q

EPEC is known to cause …

A

Nursery outbreaks diarrhea (watery/infantile diarrhea)

87
Q

EAEC is known to …

A

Produce stable and labile toxins

88
Q

EHEC is also known as …

A

Shiga toxin-producing E.coli

89
Q

EHEC pathogenicity is caused by …

A

Verotoxin production

90
Q

EIEC invades the …

A

Intestinal epithelium causing Shigella-like infection

91
Q

The 6th class of strains of E.coli

92
Q

This spp. is responsible for mucoid colonies

A

Klebsiella

93
Q

This spp. are all non-motile

A

Klebsiella

94
Q

Klebsiella is all lactose fermenters except …

A

Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
Klebsiella ozaenae

95
Q

Most commonly isolated Klebsiella spp.

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

96
Q

Klebsiella IMVC result

A

Neg, Neg, Pos, Pos

97
Q

Klebsiella is also known as …

A

Friedlander’s bacillus

98
Q

Klebsiella is often found in …

A

Upper Respiratory Tract

99
Q

K. ozaenae is known to cause

100
Q

K. rhinoscleromatis is known to cause …

A

Rhinoscleroma

101
Q

This spp. is routinely isolated from bloodstream and wound sites

A

Serratia marcescens

102
Q

The 3rd leading cause of nosocomial infection

A

Serratia marcescens

103
Q

Pigment produced by Serratia marcescens

A

Prodigiosin

104
Q

This organism is often confused w/ K. pneumoniae

A

Enterobacter

105
Q

This spp. is weak positive on the urease test

A

Enterobacter cloacae

106
Q

A NLF, that may resemble Salmonella

107
Q

Media maintenance for Hafnia

A

CTA (Cystine Tryptic Agar)

108
Q

This organism has burnt gunpowder/burnt chocolate odor

109
Q

Proteus has swarming on BAP, but not on ….

110
Q

Separation line of two strains of Proteus

A

Deine’s line/phenomenon

111
Q

This organism has acid production from mannose but does not produce gas

A

Morganella

112
Q

This organism may often fund on sewage, water

A

Citrobacter

113
Q

All Salmonella spp. are motile except

A

Salmonella pullorum
Salmonella gallinarum

114
Q

All Salmonella spp. can produce gas except

A

Salmonella typhi
Salmonella gallinarum

115
Q

This spp. causes salmonellosis

A

Salmonella typhimurium

116
Q

This spp. causes typhoid fever

A

Salmonella typhi

117
Q

Common sources of Salmonella

A

Poultry and Egg

118
Q

Agar for Salmonella

A

Salmonella-Shigella Agar

119
Q

A parasite of the digestive tract of humans

120
Q

A screening test in an immunological test

A

Widel test

121
Q

The causative agent of Philippine dysentery epidemic

A

Group B - Shigella flexneri

122
Q

The causative agent of the most severe type of dysentery (Japanese epidemic)

A

Group A - Shigella dysenteriae

123
Q

It interferes with protein synthesis

A

Shiga toxin

124
Q

Oxidase positive organisms

A

Pseudomonas
Vibrio
Neisseria
Campylobacter
Helicobacter

BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE (6 decks)

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