ENT Radiology Flashcards
What is the role of plain radiographs in ENT?
Suspected inhaled or ingested radio-opaque foreign bodies (e.g. fishbones, coins etc.)
What is the initial investigation for dysphagia?
Direct inspection with endoscopy
What is the second line investigation of dysphagia if no abnormality is found at endoscopy?
Barium swallow
What suspected diagnosis would barium swallow be used to diagnosis?
Strictures distal to the cricopharyngeus
Pharyngeal pouches
Cases suspected of oesophageal dysmotility
If a malignancy is discovered on endoscopy what is the next step?
CT or MRI for staging
When is US used in ENT?
Investigation of neck lumps
Investigation and FNA of thyroid lumps
Investigation of salivary gland disease
Investigation of inflammatory masses particularly in abscesses in children
What is the first line imaging investigation of neck lumps?
Ultrasound
Features of benign lymph nodes
Elliptical
Obvious central fatty hilum
“Organised” vascular supply centred on the hilum
What can be carried out if there is uncertainty if a lymph node is benign?
US guided FNA
Where is CT/MRI used in ear imaging?
Temporal bone for cholesteatoma, trauma, planning for auditory implants
Where is CT/MRI used in nose imaging?
Paranasal sinuses for surgery, tumoutrs
Is CT or MRI beter for imaging the larynx?
CT
Is CT or MRI better for pathologies involving the skull base?
MRI
Why would CT scan be used in elderly and debilitated patients?
Scan time is shorter (20 secs vs 30 mins)
What is FESS?
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Which imaging is used in the investigation of sensorineural deafness?
MRI (vestibular schwannoma?)
Which imaging is used in the investigation of conductive deafness?
CT (associated cholesteatoma?)
What travels through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
What is found in the pharyngeal mucosa space?
Mucosa
Lymphoid tissue
Constrictor muscles
What is found in the masticator space?
Mandible
Muscles CN V
What is found in the carotid space?
Carotid artery
Jugular vein
Cranial & sympathetic nerves
Lymph nodea
What pathology can affect the carotid space?
Schwannoma
Paraganglioma
Lymph nodes
