Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AY ENT > Adenotonsilar & OME > Flashcards

Adenotonsilar & OME Flashcards

1
Q

When do adenoids develop in the embryo?

A

16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main functions of the tonsils?

A

Trap bacteria & viruses on inhalation
Expose to immune system
Antibodies produced by the immune cells in the tissue
Help to prime immune system and help to lrevent subsequent infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Waldeyers ring?

A

Ring of lymphoid aggregation in the subepithelial layer of oropharynx and nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up Waldeyer’ ring?

A

Tonsils (palatine tonsil)
Adenoids (pharyngeal tonsil)
Lingual tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Histological features of normal tonsils

A

Specialised squamous epithelium
Deep crypts
Lymphoid follicles
Posterior capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Histological features of normal adenoids

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar mucosa
Stratified squamous epithelium
Transitional
Deep folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa & epithelium?

A

Ciliated columnar respiratory type mucosa

Squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the epithelium of the oesophagus (where food goes, high use, trauma)?

A

Squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the histological lining of the trachea?

A

Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are common diseases of the tonsils and adenoids

A 
Acute tonsilitis 
Recurrent/chronic adenoiditis/tonsilitis 
Obstructive hyperplasia 
Malignancy 
Tonsil crypt debris/tonsilitis 
(OME) w
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common viral cause of acute tonsilitis?

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the most common bacterial causes of tonsilitis?

A

Strep. pyogenes (GABHS)
H. influenzae
Strep. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Differential for acute tonsilitis

A 
URTI viral infection 
Infectious mononucelosis 
Peritonsilar abscess 
Candida infection 
Malignancy 
Diotheria 
Scarlet fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of viral tonsilitis

A 
Malaise 
Sore throat 
Temperature
Possible lymphadenopathy 
Lasts 3-4 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of bacterial tonsilitis

A 
Systemic upset 
Fever 
Odynophagia 
Halitosis 
Unable to work/school 
Lymphadenopathy 
Lasts around 1 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the centor criteria?

A

Fever
Tonsillar exudages
No cough
Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the first line antibiotic in tonsilitis?

A

Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What should be the antibiotic of choice in tonsilitis if the patient is penicillin allergic?

A

Clarithyromycin w

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many episodes of tonsilitis is indicative for a tonsilectomy?

A

7 or more (in the preceding year)
5 or more (each year in the preceeding 2 years)
3 or more (each year in the preceding 3 years)

20
Q

Classic history of peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)

A

Unilateral throat pain and odynophagia
Trismus
3-7 days preceding acute tonsilitis

21
Q

Examination findings of quinsy

A

Medial displacement of tonsil & uvula

Concavity of palate lost

22
Q

Treatment of quinsy

A

Aspiration & antibiotics

23
Q

What virus causes glandular fever?

A

EBV

24
Q

Presentation of glandular fever

A 
Gross tonsilar enlargement with membranous exudate 
Marked cervical lymphadenopathy 
Palatal petechial haemorrhages 
Generalised lymphadenopathy 
Hepatosplenomegaly
25
Q

How is glandular fever diagnosed?

A

Atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood
+ve Monospot or Paul-Bunnell test
Low CRP (

26
Q

Management of glandular fever

A

Symptomatic treatment
Antibiotics (NOT amoxicillin)
Steroids

27
Q

What will result if amoxicillin is prescribed in glandular fever?

A

Macular rash

28
Q

Features of chronic tonsiltis

A

Chronic sore throat
Malodorous breath
Presence of tonsilitis
Peritonsilar erythema

29
Q

Signs of obstructive hyperplasia of adenoids

A

Obligate mouth breathing
Hyponasal voice
Snoring & other signs of sleep disturbance
AOM/OME

30
Q

What is glue ear (OME)?

A

Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by accumulation of fluid without the symptoms and signs of acute inflammation

31
Q

What is AOM?

A

Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by the symptoms and signs of acute inflammation with/without an accumulation of fluid

32
Q

Is a bulging tympanic membrane more common in OME or AOM?

A

AOM

33
Q

Is hearing loss more likely in OME or AOM?

A

OME

34
Q

What causes increased incidence of OME?

A 
Children 
M>F 
Day care 
Older siblings 
Smoking household 
Recurrent URTI
35
Q

Symptoms of OME

A 
Deafness 
Poor school performance 
Behavioural problems 
Speech delay 
NOT OTALGIA
36
Q

Signs of OME on otoscopy

A 
TM retraction 
Reduced TM mobility 
Altered TM colour 
Visible ME fluid/bubbles 
Conductive loss tuning fork tests
37
Q

Management of OME

A

“Watchful waiting”

38
Q

When should “watchful waiting” of OME be reviewed

A

3 months

39
Q

If OME is persistant for > 3 months what is the next step

A

ENT referral

40
Q

What would indicate an ENT referral of OME

A

> 3/12 bilateral OME
CHL > 25dB
Speech/language problems
Developmental behavioural problems

41
Q

What is the surgical management of OME if

A

Grommets

42
Q

What is the surgical management of OME if > 3years and this is the first intervention?

A

Grommet

43
Q

What is the surgical management of OME > 3 years and this is the second intervention?

A

Grommets and adenoidectomy

44
Q

Complications of OME

A

Weak evidence for decelopmental delay

45
Q

Complications of grommets

A 
Infection/discharge 
Early extrusion 
Retention 
Persistant perforation 
Swimming/bathing issues 
Scarring
46
Q

Which pharyngeal pouch do the tonsils develop from?

A

1st pharyngeal pouch

AY ENT (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions