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ENT > ENT Microbiology > Flashcards

ENT Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the usual cause of a sore throat

A

viral

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of a bacterial sore throat

A

Strep pyogenes (group A strep)

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3
Q

What is first line treatment of strep throat

A

Penicillin

clarythromycin if allergic

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4
Q

What antibiotic should be avoided in a strep throat

A

amoxicillin

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5
Q

What are possible consequences of a strep throat

A

Quinsy (peritonsillar absess)
Sinusitis/otitis media
Scarlet fever

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6
Q

What are two possible late complications of strep throat

A

rheumatic fever

glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

What bacteria causes diptheria

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

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8
Q

What is the classic presentation of diptheria

A

severe sore throat with grey/white ‘pseudomembrane’

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9
Q

What does corynebacterium produce

A

toxin which is cardiotoxic and neurotoxic

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10
Q

What is the treatment of diptheria

A

anti toxin
supportive
penecillin and erythromycin

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11
Q

What causes oral thrust

A

candida albicans

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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of oral thrush

A

white patches on red, raw mucous membranes in throat/mouth

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13
Q

What is usually the cause of oral thrush

A

endogenous

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14
Q

What is the treatment of oral thrush

A

nystatin

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15
Q

What is the treatment of acute otitis media

A

Usually viral so nothing
If baceterial-
Ist LINE - amoxicillin (clarythromycin if allergic)
2nd LINE - co amoxiclav (azythromycin if allergic)

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16
Q

How long does sinusitis usually last

A

2 and half weeks

17
Q

What are the common bacterial causal organisms of sinusitis

A

h. influenzae

strep pneumonia

18
Q

What is the treatment of sinusitis

A

Antibiotics reserved for severe cases lasting more than 10 days 1st line - penicillin
2nd line- doxycyline (NOT IN CHILDREN)

19
Q

What is usally the cause of otitis exteran

A

bacterial or fungal

20
Q

what bacteria cause otitis externa

A

Staph aureus
Proteus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

21
Q

what are the fungal caused of otitis externa

A

apsergilllus niger

candida

22
Q

What is the treatment of otitis externa

A

aural toilet

if unresponsive - topical clotimazole for aspergillus and aural toilet

ENT (13 decks)

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