ENT Microbiology Flashcards
What is the usual cause of a sore throat
viral
What is the most common cause of a bacterial sore throat
Strep pyogenes (group A strep)
What is first line treatment of strep throat
Penicillin
clarythromycin if allergic
What antibiotic should be avoided in a strep throat
amoxicillin
What are possible consequences of a strep throat
Quinsy (peritonsillar absess)
Sinusitis/otitis media
Scarlet fever
What are two possible late complications of strep throat
rheumatic fever
glomerulonephritis
What bacteria causes diptheria
corynebacterium diptheriae
What is the classic presentation of diptheria
severe sore throat with grey/white ‘pseudomembrane’
What does corynebacterium produce
toxin which is cardiotoxic and neurotoxic
What is the treatment of diptheria
anti toxin
supportive
penecillin and erythromycin
What causes oral thrust
candida albicans
What is the clinical presentation of oral thrush
white patches on red, raw mucous membranes in throat/mouth
What is usually the cause of oral thrush
endogenous
What is the treatment of oral thrush
nystatin
What is the treatment of acute otitis media
Usually viral so nothing
If baceterial-
Ist LINE - amoxicillin (clarythromycin if allergic)
2nd LINE - co amoxiclav (azythromycin if allergic)
How long does sinusitis usually last
2 and half weeks
What are the common bacterial causal organisms of sinusitis
h. influenzae
strep pneumonia
What is the treatment of sinusitis
Antibiotics reserved for severe cases lasting more than 10 days 1st line - penicillin
2nd line- doxycyline (NOT IN CHILDREN)
What is usally the cause of otitis exteran
bacterial or fungal
what bacteria cause otitis externa
Staph aureus
Proteus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
what are the fungal caused of otitis externa
apsergilllus niger
candida
What is the treatment of otitis externa
aural toilet
if unresponsive - topical clotimazole for aspergillus and aural toilet
