ENT/Allergy Flashcards
Ototoxic medication
Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, aspirin (6-8g/d) and chemo drugs
Cyclosporine side effects
Nephrotoxic (azotemia or progressive ESRD), HTN (due to renal vasoconstriction, tx w/CCBs), neurotoxicity, glucose intolerance, infxn, malignancy (SCC, lymphoma), gingival hypertrophy, hirsutism and GI dysfunction
Tacrolimus side effects
Same as cyclosporine except no gingival hypertrophy or hirsutism
DMARD that is a reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase? Side effects?
Mycophenolate. Major side effect is marrow suppression.
DMARD that is metabolized to 6-MP after ingestion? Major side effect?
Azathioprine. Major side effects are diarrhea, leukopenia and hepatotoxicity.
Chronic condition that may present with sialadenosis?
Chronic liver disease
Why do patients with HIV get serous otitis media?
Auditory tube dysfunction from lymphadenopathy
Recommended drugs for patients with malignant otitis externa?
IV ciprofloxacin will cover pseudomonas. If fluoroquinolone resistant, may use ceftazidime or piperacillin
Patient presents with episodes of vertigo with nystagmus lasting anywhere from 20 minutes to a day, low frequency SNHL, tinnitus and aural fullness. How do you treat this patient?
They have Meniere’s disease. Lifestyle modifications that can reduce endolymph include salt restriction and avoidance of alcohol, nicotine and caffeine. If this fails, diuretics, anticholinergics and antihistamines follow.
When might you expect to see angioedema in a patient treated with an ACE-I?
Anytime
What is leukoplakia?
Precancerous squamous cell hyperplasia. 1-20% progress to SCC. Most resolve after tobacco cessation.
Hearing loss in otosclerosis
Starts as low-frequency, CHL.
Presbycusis hearing loss
High frequency SNHL
