Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Special Senses > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of deafness?

A

Age related damage to the cochlear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

Problem in the transmission of waves from external ear to middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of conductive hearing loss

A

Occlusion, infection, perforations, cholesteatoma, adenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Problems in the cochlear (most common), cochlear nerve or brain stem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Noise induced, ototoxic hearing loss, immune conditions, acoustic neuroma and Meniere’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define tinnitus

A

The perception of sound in the ears or head where no external source exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is subjective tinnitus?

A

Common - no acoustic stimulus exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of subjective tinnitus

A

Otological, neurological, infections, drug related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is objective tinnitus?

A

Rare - actual noise to be heard is generated within the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of objective tinnitus

A

Pulsatile, muscular or anatomical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of tinnitus

A

No cure - reassure that condition will not progress.

Association between tinnitus and stress so relaxation techniques effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 symptoms of Meniere’s disease?

A

Unilateral vertigo + hearing loss + tinnitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is vertigo

A

Sensation of spinning in the head - symptom not a diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 types of vertigo?

A

Vestibular Neuronitis - most common
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Meniere’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pathology in vestibular neuronitis

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Symptoms of vestibular neuronitis

A

Nausea + vomiting, rapid onset rotary vertigo

Very debilitating - symptoms settle over a few weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment of vestibular neuronitis

A

Prochlorperazine - vestibular sedative

Exercise encourages compensation, drugs prevent it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pathology in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

Cellular debris in the SCC’s - head movement sets them in motion which gives the spinning sensation

19
Q

BPPV symptoms

A

Head spinning on movement - esp when looking up or turning in bed
May follow URTI, head injury or vestibular neuronitis

20
Q

Treatment of BPPV

A

Epley manouvre

21
Q

Cause of Meniere’s disease

A

Unknown

22
Q

Time course of Meniere’s disease

A

Pt well between attacks but gradually lose hearing in affected ear

23
Q

Treatment of Meneire’s

A

Cure - surgical removal of affected vestibular apparatus
Vestibular sedatives for acute attacks
Gentamicin injections to inner ear

24
Q

What is the basilar membrane?

A

Contains the nerve endings within the cochlear to transfer sound waves into neurlogical impulse

25
Q

How is the frequency of the basilar membrane arranges?

A

High pitch noises stimulate the base

Low pitch noises stimulate the tip

26
Q

Presentation of otitis externa

A

Acute, itchy and painful with discharge

Painful pinna

27
Q

Common causative agents of OE

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa/ Staph A

28
Q

Treatment of OE

A

Antibiotic eardrops

29
Q

Presentation of Otitis Media

A

Earache, cold symptoms, general malaise

Hearing loss

30
Q

Treatment of OM

A

Analgesics + NSAIDS first

Avoid Abx till day 5 - then oral amoxicillin if symptoms still present

31
Q

Presentation of perforated tympanic membrane

A

May follow OM infection - pain disappears as pressure released
Blood and pus coming out of ear
Hearing loss

32
Q

Treatment of perforated membrane

A

Analgesics and Abx

Slowly heals over 2 months

33
Q

Presentation of mastoiditis

A

Earache, fever, general malaise

Become more unwell with pain and swelling behind ear

34
Q

Treatment of mastoiditis

A

Admit to hospital
IV abx
Myringotomy - surgical incision into eardrum to relieve pressure
Surgery if develop abscess

35
Q

Complications of mastoiditis

A

Meningitis, abscess, venous thrombosis

36
Q

What is a cholesteatoma

A

Benign skin growth in the middle ear behind the ear drum

37
Q

Symptoms of cholesteatoma

A

Intermittent smelly ottorhoea and hearing loss

No pain

38
Q

What is the pathology in necrotising otitis externa

A

Osteomyelitis of the temporal bone and skull base

39
Q

Presentation of Necrotising otitis externa

A

Diabetes, pain that keeps awake at night, ipsilateral facial palsy

40
Q

NOE treatment

A

Admit to hospital
Swab for culture
Oral abx for weeks
Control diabetes

41
Q

What is Bells Palsy

A

Ipsilateral facial paralysis where not other cause can be identified

42
Q

How does an UMN lesion (Stroke) differ from a LMN lesion (Bell’s Palsy)

A

Upper 1/4 facial sparing
UMN = Contraleteral
LMN = Ipsilateral

43
Q

What is Ramsey Hunt Syndome?

A

Reactivation of Herpez Zoster in the geniculate ganglion

44
Q

Symptoms of Ramsey Hunt Syndrome

A

Triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain and vesicles of the face, ear or tongue

Special Senses (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions