ENT Flashcards
what is oral leukoplakia?
causes?
symptoms?
management?
white spots/ lesions on oral mucosa (tongue, cheek, gums, roof/ bottom of mouth)- associated with oral cancer and can progress into cancer over time
symptoms:
are not painful
are an irregular shape
are slightly raised
may be slightly red within the patch
cannot be rubbed or scraped away (patches that can be removed could be oral thrush)
see GP or dentist
management- stop smoking/ alcohol
if risk of cancer -> surgery to remove patches
hairy leukoplakia- caused by Epstein-Barr virus as a result of HIV/ weakened immune system.
treated with antivirals and does NOT carry risk of mouth cancer.
what is parotitis?
inflammation of the parotid glands- most commonly caused by mumps, herpes, Epstein-Barr virus.
treatment- treat the underlaying cause
what is sialadenitis?- which glands are affected?
risks?
symptoms?
investigations?
management?
Inflammation of the salivary glands- parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. Risk of spreading into deep tissues of the neck and head causing severe infection
Risks:
* Infants
* Sick or recovering from surgery
* Dehydration, malnutrition, immunosuppression
Symptoms:
* Enlargement of salivary glands/ swelling of cheek/ neck
* Fever
* Decreased saliva/ dry mouth (xerostomia)
* Pain when eating
Investigations: USS, CT, endoscope
Management:
* Abx- clindamycin
* Home remedies- warm compress, massage of salivary glands
* Non-surgical- IV fluids for hydrations
* Surgical- abscess drainage, removal of stones/ blockage
