ENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tracheostomy?

A
  • A hole that surgeons make through the front of the neck and into the trachea
  • A tracheostomy tube provides an air passage to help the patient breathe when the usual route for breathing is somehow blocked or reduced
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2
Q

What are the reasons for a tracheostomy?

A
  • On a ventilator for an extended period
  • Medical conditions that block or narrow the airway, such as vocal cord paralysis or throat cancer
  • Paralysis, neurological problems or other conditions that make it difficult to cough up secretions from the throat and require direct suctioning of the trachea to clear the airway
  • Preparation for major head or neck surgery to assist breathing during recovery
  • Severe trauma to the head or neck
  • Other emergency situations
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3
Q

What is a laryngectomy?

A
  • A surgery to remove part of all of the larynx (voice box)
  • To treat laryngeal cancer or severe larynx damage
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4
Q

What is a neck dissection?

A
  • A surgery to examine and remove the lymph nodes in the neck that may contain cancer
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5
Q

What are the 3 main types of neck dissection?

A
  • Radical neck dissection
  • Modified radical neck dissection
  • Selective neck dissection
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6
Q

What is radical neck dissection?

A
  • All the tissue on the side of the neck from the jawbone to the collarbone is removed
  • The muscle, nerve, salivary gland, and major blood vessel in this area are all removed
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7
Q

What is modified radical neck dissection?

A
  • This is the most common type
  • All lymph nodes are removed
  • Less neck tissue is taken out than with radical dissection
  • This surgery may also spare the nerves in the neck and, sometimes, the blood vessels or muscles
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8
Q

What is selective neck dissection?

A
  • If cancer has not spread far, fewer lymph nodes have to be removed
  • The muscle, nerve, and blood vessel in the neck may also be saved
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9
Q

Why are neck dissections performed?

A
  • The lymph system carries white blood cells around the body to fight infection
  • Cancer cells in the mouth or throat can travel in the lymph nodes and get trapped in the lymph nodes
  • The lymph nodes are removed to prevent cancer from spreading to other parts of the body and to decide if any more treatment is needed
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10
Q

What is a glossectomy?

A
  • The surgical removal of your tongue
  • The procedure is used to treat tongue cancer when other treatment methods haven’t been successful
  • Some people only need a portion of their tongue removed. In some cases, tissue is taken from other parts of your body to create a new tongue
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11
Q

What is a thyroidectomy?

A
  • The surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland
  • The thyroid is the butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck
  • It makes hormones that control every part of your metabolism, from your heart rate to how quickly you burn calories
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12
Q

What is otitis externa?

A
  • A condition that causes inflammation of the external ear canal, which is the tube between the outer ear and eardrum
  • AKA swimmer’s ear because repeated exposure to water can make the ear canal more vulnerable to inflammation, as it creates a moist environment that aids the growth of bacteria
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13
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A
  • When the tonsils at the back of the throat become swollen caused by an infection
  • The tonsils contain lots of white blood cells to fight infection. They “catch” the germs that enter the body through the nose or mouth
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14
Q

What is quinsy?

A
  • The abscess (a collection of pus) forms between one of the tonsils and the wall of the throat
  • This can happen when a bacterial infection spreads from an infected tonsil to the surrounding area
  • The tonsil is pushed inwards and making the soft palate bulge
  • There is severe pain and difficulty swallowing, and usually difficult to open the mouth
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15
Q

What is peritonsillar abscess?

A

A complication of tonsillitis

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