ENS 307 Exam #2 Flashcards
Self terminating search strategy
search the information until the target is identified and terminate
FAST but may miss important information
Exhaustive search
search information until the end
SLOW but gain more complete information
Practical implications for signal detection theory
separate noise and signal
make signal larger/more distinctive
increase sensitivity to signal
Cognitive stage of hierarchal theory
large number or errors, inconsistent, high verbalization (general idea of movement but unsure how to execute)
BEGINNER
Associative stage of hierarchal theory
fewer errors, more consistent, reduced verbalization
INTERMEDIATE
Autonomous stage of hierarchal theory
few errors, consistent, minimal verbalization
ADVANCED (motor skill can be performed with another task - walking and talking)
Two problems with schema theory
storage (remember library - where do we effectively retrieve specific reasons that are stored?)
novelty (remember google - where do movement commands come from for the first time?)
Random practice =
high contextual interference
Blocked practice =
low contextual interference
Generalized motor program
memory representation of a class of actions that share common INVARIANT characteristics - provides the basis for controlling a specific action within the class of actions
Motor program components
which muscles contract
time of contractions (long sustained or brief pulse)
force of contraction
phasing: order of contraction
Motor program variant characteristics
absolute time
absolute force
Motor program invariant characteristics
relative time
relative force
Dynamic systems theory
describes and explains control of coordinated movements by emphasizing the role of information in the environment and the dynamic properties of the body and limbs
ex: grab a pen (physical adjustment to adapt to environment)
Dynamic systems theory nonlinear behavior
shifts from one level of control to another that are not gradual or linear (walking to running)
Dynamic systems theory stability
behavioral steady state of a system (attractor states) rubbing your head and patting your stomach
Dynamic systems self organization
specific stable pattern of behavior (running 7.30 per mile pace)
Degrees of freedom problem
the number of independent elements of the system (~792 muscles)
Coordinative structure
degree to which the muscles and joints are constrained to act cooperatively as a single unit to produce a specific result (solution to the D of F problem) - muscles cannot all act in the same way
Two control systems of robots
teleoperated human operator controlling what is going on
autonomous - HARD - robot can make decisions for itself (bulit-in feedback loop)
