English Tenses And Grammar

Question 1

When was English first spoken?

Answer 1

500 ANNO DOMINI after Jesus-Christ (5th century)

First wave of invaders

Question 2

Which were the three germanic tribes?

Answer 2

The Angles, the saxons and the Jutes.

• Engla Land , (Englisc) Old English
  Celtic and Latin were already spoken before.

Question 3

Celtic providence words:

Answer 3

Place: Stratford, Avon (birthplace William Shakespeare) Avon ( river)
-Winthorp (althorp) village
- upon

Question 4

Latin

Answer 4

Former Roman cities:
Man/chester/ - Lan/caster/ - chester/caster = Latin for camp “castra”

A.m = ante meridiem = before noon
P.m = post meridiem = after noon
E.g = exampli gratis = for example
I.e = Id es = that is /c’est à dire/

Medicine:
Post-mortem =autopsy
Cardiovascular,prognosis,appendicitis,poliomyelitis,auricular,anaemia,anticoagulant,dialysis.

Ratio decidendi= legal/judicial reasoning behind a legal decision.

Grammar: suffix, prefix, adverb, pronoun.

Question 5

Where does basic vocab comes from?

Answer 5

Old English / Anglo-saxon

Is,you,house,drink,here,under,over.
Death and life = tod/leben
School= Schule. Son daughter = Sohn/tochter.

Question 6

Germanic speaking tribes

Answer 6

672 A.D, BEDE (672-735) wrote the ecclesiastical history of the English Nation.

• insight about t English Language,
• Christianity in great Britain.
• relates arrival of Jutes, Angles and Saxons. Who invaded England 5th c. A.D. bringing their customs, traditions, and language with germanic roots

Question 7

Invaded regions

Answer 7

1. Angles = east. East Anglia, Mercia, northern England
2. Saxons = South. Sussex, Essex, Wessex.
3. Jutes = South. Kent - Wessex - Isle of Wight

Question 8

Engleland, Englene londe, Ingland.
– ENGLAND

Answer 8

11th . . – 14th.

Question 9

Derived from French

Answer 9

Beef, pork, venison, palace, city, residence, carpenter, Mason, painter tailor

Question 10

William of Normandy conquered in?

Answer 10

1066, they spoke the native language of the land, French

Question 11

Categories and language families

Answer 11

Italic romance families: gave rise to:
Portuguese, spanish, French, Italian, Romanian

2. Germanic languages; east west and north;
   East germanic, Gothic, (dead language)

2.1 West germanic: German, Afrikaans, English. Dutch, flemish, German, frishian.

2.2 north germanic: Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic

3. Celtic: Gaelic + Breton = Irish, Manx, Isle of man Breton.
4. Hellenic languages = Ancient Greek + modern Greek
5. BALTO - Slavic languages = 1. BALTIC. Lithuanian (old Prussian) dead language

1.1 East Slavic: Russian - Ukranian

1.2 West Slavic: Polish Czech

1.3 South Slavic: Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian

Question 12

Germanic branch as a common language in:

Answer 12

Germany’s Elbe River 3000 years ago.

Question 13

Before English in England:

Answer 13

Latin was spoken. Brought by the Romans.

Question 14

Christianity in England;
Viking invasions:
English conolisation: America
Industrial revolution:

Answer 14

600 AD
850 AD
1600 AD
18th century

Question 15

English + French

Answer 15

Middle English.

Question 16

14th century: Canterbury tales
1476: William caxton first printing press

Question 17

10th 11th century, the English Language…

Answer 17

Old English was strongly influenced my the north germanic language OLD NORSE. NORTH EAST OF ENGLAND, JORVIK DANELAW. Words like: anger,bag,both, hit, law, leg, same, skill, sky, take… THEY.

Question 18

Christianity = 400 Latin loan words:

Answer 18

Priest,paper,school

Question 19

Grafitti to glasnost

Answer 19

Graffiti to glasnost:

the origins of English words

Partly Germanic and partly Romance, Modern English has freely adopted and adapted words from countless languages, acquiring the largest vocabulary of any language.

Old English (Anglo-Saxon): England, man, child, water, house

Old Norse (Viking): seat, window, ill, ugly

French: royal, beet, menu, hotel

Latin: family, wine, school

Greeic telephone, grammar

Italian: crescendo, soprano, vibrato, belvedere, corridor, grotto, pedestal, extravaganza

Spanish: cannibal, guerrilla, mosquito, tomado, vanilla

Portuguese: marmalade, flamingo

Dutch: yacht, boss, cookie, apartheid, commando, trek

Gaelic/irish: hooligan, clan, slogan, whisky

Japanese: kimono, tycoon, hara-kiri, samurai, tsunami, salsuma, karate, judo Hindi: guru, jungle, cheetah, shampoo, pyjamas, polo

Persian: paradise, divan, lilac, bazaar, caravan, chess, salamander, shawl, khaki

African languages: chimpanzee, mumbo jumbo, voodoo

Caribbean languages: hammock, hurricane, tobacco, maize, iguaña

Aboriginal Australian: kangaroo, wallaby, boomerang, budgerigar

Latin America: canyon, cigar, rodeo, potato, tomato

Hebrew: amen, cherub, hallelujah/alleluia, messiah, jubilee Arabic: alchemy, alcohol, algebra, arsenal, assassin, cipher, sugar, syrup, zero

Saracen: phoenix, oyster, mussel

Norweglan: ski

Finnish: sauna

Czech: robot

Basque: bizarre

Turlish: coffee, kiosk, caviar

Tamil: pariah, curry, catamaran

Chinese: tea

Malay, ketchup, bamboo, junk, orangutan

English

Polynesian: taboo, tattoo

Hawaiian ukulele

Inuit (Eskimo): kayak, igloo, anorak

Question 20

The passive tense

Answer 20

THE PASSIVE TENSE.

Fiche n°4: Le passif (lecture obligatoire: Berland Delépine: chapitre 20).

A few of the different types of PASSIVE FORMS.

ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH THEIR ENGLISH NAMES AND THEIR STRUCTURE?

1º PRESENT SIMPLE PASSIVE.

STRUCTURE: S+ am/is/are + V3 past participle

On Amazon.com an order is placed on-line, and you receive your goods the

2º PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE.

STRUCTURE: S+ verb “to be” am/is/are being + V3 past participle A new school is being built and two new roads are being built for access. is being built are being built

3°PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE.

STRUCTURE: S+ have/has + been+ V3 past participle The turkey has been prepared and the potatoes have been peeled by my mother. All in good time for Thanksgiving.

4 PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE.

STRUCTURE: S+ Was/were + V3 past participle

Our flight was cancelled and we were stranded in Vancouver.

5º PAST CONTINUOUS PASSIVE.

STRUCTURE: S + was/were+ being + V3 past participle

The University of La Rochelle is very clean. The floor was being cle

and the windows were being washed earlier today by the cleaning

6° PAST PERFECT PASSIVE

STRUCTURE: S +had+been+ V3 past participle I had been warned about the weather before I went to Scotland. It was true, the weather was really miserable- it rained every day for a

fortnight.

7ª FUTURE SIMPLE PASSIVE

STRUCTURE: S+ Will+ be +V3 past participle

The new hotel will be finished for Christmas.

Just in time for the hols.

The new university extensions will be finished for November?

Then, the students will have more room…………..

8º FUTURE PERFECT PASSIVE,

STRUCTURE: 5+ will+ have+been+V3 past participle

The new design will have been completed by next week, we’ll have to go and see the architect……

9° GOING TO future

S+ am/are/is going to be + pp- e.g who’s going to be invited?

Question 21

King John lost the providence of normandy to the king of france
The Black DEATH:

Answer 21

1204 A.D
1349

Question 22

Language barriers between the nobles and the commoners over:

Answer 22

1362