British INDIA 2 Flashcards
Peasant revolts
Peasant revolts before they mutiny. Kohl uprising 1831, the Santhal uprising 1855, the kutch rebellion 1816 – 1812
Vellore mutiny 1806 : investigated by the sons of the defeated Tipu Sultan.
1857 was different due to
Modernisation, roads schools, railway, telegraph
Fear of forced conversion
Unfair taxation and land management
Britain was busy in military campaigns somewhere else (against Russia in the Crimea 1853, 1856
Britain and the EIC, at war against PERSIA 1856,57
Trouble in China, second Opium war
Random facts
Roger Fenton first war photographer
The writer karl MAX wrote that it wasn’t a mutiny but the first war of indian independence.
What’s a mutiny? an open rebellion against the proper authorities, especially by soldiers or sailors against their officers. /refuse to obey
British sovereignty in India.
“the last days of the Raj”
Indian
rule; government.
noun: RAJ
“they alleged that a ‘goonda raj’ had been set up in the state”
- Mahad mughandi, Political team in South Africa not India.
All barristers belong to a Inn of Court. There were 4 in London. Each Barrister is under the administration of a body of benchers, judges and senior barristers. The mission of the Inn is to protect its members, educate them and be responsible for them “govern”
The Enfield RIFFLE
Indian troops used. Paper cartridge.
85 men court martialed refusing to use the new cartridges (see BRITISH INDIA)
May 10th 1857 mutiny started in
Meerut, NEAR DELHi, JHANSI, AWADH, CALCUTTA. small revolts, NOT THE WHOLE COUNTRY.
MUHAMMAH BAHADU SHAB. quite old, however, saying that it was the responsibility of every Indian and Muslim to revolt against the British.
IN Cawnpore; NANASAHIB LED THE REVOLT. Earlier the British and EIC had cut his allowance and refused to recognize him.
Lucknow: Led by female begum of AWADH, the young son proclaimed by her Nawab.
Some regions half a century later used the rebel leaders as heroes.
Nationalist movements half a century later. “RANI OF JHANSI”
END OF THE MUTINY/EAST INDIA COMPANY.
No leadership, contradictions
No sense of purpose.
No ideology, little support from the peasants that the EIC terrorized.
Inertia: to do nothing, something that stays the same, unactive. Unaction.
Massacre at Cawnpore
involved the forces of the East India Company and Indian rebels led by Nana Sahib
The British forces, including civilians, were promised safe passage by the rebels but were ambushed during their evacuation. Many were killed,
The capture of Delhi 1857
The rebellion began when Indian soldiers (sepoys) in Meerut mutinied and marched to Delhi, where they were joined by other rebels2.
The British, after assembling a significant force, managed to breach the city’s defenses and recapture Delhi after intense street-to-street fighting2.
Victorian England reaction :
(To the rebellion)
- newspaper titles w horror stories,
- the Brit’s felt betrayed about this, they had a civilization mission and their belief in ultimate progress.
- British Empire was a source of national pride in V.E.
- Deep-seated prejudices were confirmed.
Result of the “mutiny”?
Dissolution of the EAST INDIA COMPANY 1858
Henceforward/forth. :
How was politics?
A SECRETARY OF STATE AND PARLIAMENT: Responsible for the government of India.
Local law policy making: VICEROY (2nd most powerful person) provincial governor generals. That were asisted by councils and lots of indian princess.
1st JAN 1877. Queen Victoria. Proclaimed Empress of India at a /Durbar/
(Assembly of notables and princess in Delhi)
THE QUEEN NEVER set foot in India.
However, There was an Indian at her palace, which started teaching her Urdu.
The British Raj.
¡1858 - 1947! Important
The Indian National Congress
It was founded on December 28, 1885, by a group of Indian and British members, including A.O. Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, and W.C. Bonnerjee
The INC played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement against British rule, especially under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated for nonviolent civil disobedience
First meeting held in Bombay
