English Society Flashcards
How many more peers were there at the end of Henry VIII’s reign compared to the start? How many more Dukes were there? - Society
England had only 9 more peers in 1547 compared to in 1509. Henry appointed 2 more Dukes (Norfolk and Suffolk) to go with Buckingham, with these people expected to serve as soldiers and courtiers.
What happened to the number of gentry in England during the reign of Henry VIII? - Society
During Henry’s reign, the number of gentry increased to 5000 families.
What happened to the number of JPs during Henry’s reign? - Society
During Henry’s reign, the numbers of JPs increased, meaning more people were involved in local administration on behalf of the crown.
Which group were more likely to be involved in administration in Henry VIII’s reign than under Henry VII? - Society
Under Henry VIII, laypeople were increasingly likely to be involved in administration compared to during Henry VII’s reign, when churchmen were preferred to hold political offices.
What were the effects of the Law in Wales Act in creating a unitary state? When was this passed? - Society
The Law in Wales Act of 1536 divided Wales into shires, gave these shires direct Commons representation and brought Wales under the same legal framework as England.
What was the role of the Act Resuming Certain Liberties to the Crown in creating a unitary state? When was this passed? - Society
The Act Resuming Certain Liberties to the Crown abolished the semi-autonomous status of the palatinate areas of Durham, Chester and Lancaster, meaning that the King’s writ was applicable in these areas. Passed in 1536.
When was the Council of the North re-established? What was the role of this institution in creating a unitary state? - Society
The Council of the North was re-established in 1537, with this applying the King’s writ to areas North of the River Trent.
What were the social impacts of the religious upheaval initiated by Henry VIII? (4) - Society
Size of landowning gentry increased as sale of monastic land increased to finance warlike foreign policy, monastic schools lost following the dissolution, monks/nuns faced instant unemployment, community role of clergy lost to society.
When did the Amicable Grant rebellion occur? Where was this most popular? - Society
The Amicable Grant rebellion occurred in 1525, with this being most popular in North Essex and South Suffolk.
How many taxation rebels did the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk face? - Society
Norfolk and Suffolk faced around 4000 tax rebels.
How was the Amicable Grant rebellion resolved/handled? - Society
Dukes of Norfolk/Suffolk handled matter sensitively, Henry backed down his policy. Wolsey begged for leaders to be pardoned, and the King obliged.
When did the Pilgrimage of Grace last from-until? In what locations was this rebellion concentrated? - Society
The Pilgrimage of Grace lasted from October 1536 - January 1537. This rebellion mainly existed around Lincolnshire and South/East Yorkshire.
What religious motives were there for the Pilgrimage of Grace? - Society
The dissolution of the monasteries had damaged people’s daily lives, charitable functions of monasteries had been undermined, fears existed over the vitality of parish churches and traditional Catholic religious practices (SPECIFICALLY LOSS OF PILGRIMAGE, CHURCH PLATE AND JEWELS).
What secular motivations were there for the Pilgrimage of Grace? - Society
Many ordinary rebels were believed to more resent taxation and other economic grievances than having religious opposition, while some historians have argued that the restoration of Mary into the succession was the main aim of the rebels.
How was the Lincolnshire portion of the 1536/7 rising dismantled? - Society
The Lincolnshire section of the 1536/7 rising was dismantled by using the forces of the Duke of Suffolk to undermine and mitigate the threat posed by these rebels.
Why were the 1536/7 Yorkshire rebels significantly more difficult to suppress than those in Lincolnshire? - Society
Rebels in Yorkshire had managed to take many lands in the region, with York and Hull under their occupation. They also managed to capture Pontefract Castle.
How did the Duke of Norfolk decide to resolve matters from the Pilgrimage of Grace? What must be said about the reliability of these efforts? - Society
The Duke of Norfolk decided to defuse the rebellion by issuing a pardon to rebels, as well as by promising dissolved monasteries would be restored and that a free parliament would be established. However, it is fair to say that the King had no intention of upholding these promises.
How can it be said that Pilgrimage of Grace remained unsuppressed? When? What were the consequences? - Society
In February 1537, rebellion was renewed in Cumberland and the East Riding of Yorkshire, with Henry sending the Duke of Norfolk to suppress the rebellion. 74 rebels were executed after the declaration of martial law.
How did Henry’s sale of crown lands impact society? - Society
Henry sold crown lands at often reduced prices in order to increase revenues. This meant that the number of landowning gentry significantly increased.
How many members of the gentry were leaders in the Lincolnshire Rising? - Society
The Lincolnshire Rising saw the involvement of 18 members of the gentry.
How many people were involved in the attack on York as part of the Pilgrimage of Grace? - Society
10,000 rebels attacked the city of York in 1536.
What were the demands of the Pontefract Articles? - Society
The Pontefract Articles saw demands for Princess Mary to be restored to the succession, for returns to a limited papal supremacy, to return Parliament to York and to produce a list of Protestant heretics.
On what date did Henry issue a royal proclamation to pardon the rebels in the Pilgrimage of Grace? What followed this? - Society
Henry issued a proclamation pardoning the rebels on the 3rd December 1536, although after Robert Aske had accepted this, a new rebellion occurred in 1537, with Henry abandoning this agreement and launching his forces at these rebels.
