Context Of 1485 and Consolidation Flashcards
How did Richard III rise to the throne, and in suspicious circumstances? - Pre 1485
Richard III (Duke of Gloucester), acting as protector to Edward V in 1483, imprisoned Edward and his younger brother, Richard, in the tower and probably had them murdered. Act known as USURPATION.
On what date was the Battle of Bosworth? - Bosworth
22nd August 1485
Through whom did Henry VII’s claim to the throne come? - Pre 1485
Henry’s claims came through a subsequent marriage of John of Gaunt (creating the Beaufort family) and an illegitimate child resulting from Owen Tudor and the wife of Henry V, Catherine of Valois.
Why was Henry VII’s claim to the throne weak? - Pre 1485
Henry’s claim to royalty came through an illegitimate child of the wife of a monarch (through a WOMAN) and also through a very weak claim to John of Gaunt. Both claims were incredibly tenuous.
How did the balance of Bosworth tilt in Henry’s favour? - Bosworth
Having been under pressure of attack from Richard’s forces and those of the Stanley’s, Thomas Stanley, Henry’s stepfather, decisively changed sides and forced his troops on Richard, leading to his demise.
Who proclaimed Henry to be King at Bosworth? - Bosworth
Lord Thomas Stanley, his stepfather.
When did Henry arrive in London? How did Henry attempt to gain the approval of the public after Richard III’s death and when? - Consolidation
Henry arrived in London on 3rd September 1485.
He wooed the public with pageantry and ceremony.
Why is it no surprise that Henry was accepted as King following the death of Richard? - Consolidation
By the time of Bosworth, Richard had become so unpopular due to his cruel ways and his usurpation of his nephew that the public were happy he had been deposed and it mattered not who his replacement was.
Henry’s upbringing was not to be a ruler. Why? - Pre 1485
When he was 14, Edward IV became king again following victory in a battle in the Wars of the Roses. Henry was forced into exile, fearful of execution, as a fugitive in Brittany, where he lived around the court.
How might Henry’s experience of the court at Brittany have benefitted him? - Pre 1485
Henry was able to observe the inner workings of the court - both how a court should and shouldn’t be run. He was paid little attention so could slip under the radar.
How was Henry’s position as an exile, in fear of capture, beneficial in shaping his character? - Pre 1485
Henry was able to act very secretively, hiding his thoughts and feelings as well as developing that lack of trust which marked his rule as being ruthless and calculating in his decision making.
When did Henry date his reign from in his first Parliament? Why did he do this? - Consolidation
Henry dated his reign from the 21ST AUGUST 1485, one day before Bosworth to effectively brand anyone who opposed him as a traitor.
How did Henry maintain the loyalty of supporters at Bosworth? Give examples. - Consolidation
Henry awarded 11 knighthoods, giving other titles to notable supporters (made William Stanley Lord Chamberlain, made his uncle Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford).
How did he deal with Earl of Warwick and Elizabeth of York? - Consolidation
Henry detained both of these Yorkists, imprisoning the Earl of Warwick permanently, who could be seen to have a greater claim than himself. He later married Elizabeth to unite the 2 roses.
How did Henry reward his supporters in terms of Government? - Consolidation
Henry made Sir William Stanley his Lord Chamberlain, effectively the head of his household government. Sir Reginald Bray made Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster.
