English Civil War Flashcards
Name 3 causes of the English civil war.
Economical, Political, Religion
Economical- charles closed parliament to rule by himself (however he needs money and parliaments controls taxes)
Political- Charles believed in divine right of kings
Religion- Charles is married to Henrieta Maria (a Catholic). Many fear catholics will take over.
Who is Charles I?
King of England, father is James I, fell out with parliament and closed it, declared war on parliament, executed following trial for treason.
When did Charles I become king?
1625
When did Charles close parliament?
1629
When did Charles declare war on parliament?
1642
When was Charles executed?
1649-
Why did civil war break out?
Charles’ belief in divine right of kings (monarchs are appointed by god) and expected MPs to do as commanded
Charles was forced to call upon parliament as he needed money to fight a war with Scotland
MPs demanded reforms for the way the country was run (Charles refused)
What is the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church?
The pope, cardinals, bishops, celibate priests
What is the church of England’s (established church) hierarchy?
King/queen of England, bishops, married/single clergy
What is the puritan’s church hierarchy?
Committee of clergymen to govern church, clergy and lay preachers who are allowed to marry
Who did the puritans support in the civil war?
Parliament
What is a cavalier?
Supported King Charles (royalists)
Belonging to COE (established church) most likely.
What is a Roundhead?
Supported parliament
Known as parliamentarian
Why would puritans like to run England?
To spread their religion, increase wealth and bring in new laws and taxes
What was the result of the battle of edge hill?
Parliaments army panicked + ran away
Prince Rupert became a hero for cavaliers
What was the result of the battle of Marston moor?
Parliaments army much more efficient (ironside cavalry)
Cavaliers badly beaten
Who is Thomas fairfax?
Commander of parliamentarians
Born 1612
Became commander during civil war
Died 1672
Refused to take part in trial + execution of Charles I
Who is Oliver cromwell?
MP
Devote puritan
Leader of England after Charles’ execution
What is the new model army?
Took part in battle of naseby
Turned England from monarchy to a republic
Formed after heavy defeats to royalists earlier in the war
Won English civil war for parliament
Helped to shape our modern forces
Oliver cromwell led army
When was the new model army formed?
February 1645
When was the new model army first proposed and by who?
First proposed by sir William waller after his defeat at cropedy bridge in June 1644
Why did the new model army win at naseby?
Promotions in army became of recognised ability and not just family history
Trained throughout winter (royalists didn’t)
Many more soldiers (13,500 to 10,000)
Disciplined army
Royalists lost thousands of cavalry
Royalists were greedy + stole baggage train money
Good quality leader. Thomas fairfax
Royalists overconfident
Parliament had good tactic
Why should Charles I be executed?
Started both wars + to blame for both
Victories of Cromwell armies show god was on his side
Fought against parliament and his own people
As long as he is alive there’s still another chance of war + might seek revenge on parliament
Why shouldn’t Charles I be executed?
People don’t want the king killed
Some of parliament want king back in power
England needs a king
No court can try a king
Chosen by hod to be king (cannot be killed)
If kings head is cut off with crown on it what will happen?
His children + supporters may get revenge if killed
What was the English civil war?
Series of battles E.g Marston moor + Naseby between parliamentarians + royalists
Name some economical reasons for the starting of the English civil war
Charles closed parliament to rule by himself. (Although, parliament controlled taxes.. Charles needed money)
Charles created his own tax (if you don’t pay you were put in jail)
Name some political reasons for the starting of the English civil war.
Charles believed in the divine right of kings (that monarchs were appointed by god. If you went against Charles, you were going against god)
Charles asked parliament for money to fight scots
Name some religious reasons for the starting of the English civil war.
Charles married a Catholic (Henrietta maria), puritans were afraid Catholicism would take over.
Laud (archbishop of Canterbury) didn’t like puritans
What were the consequences of the English civil war?
Cromwell led England
England was turned from a monarchy to a republic
Many new laws introduced
Charles I executed
