English Civil War

Question 1

Name 3 causes of the English civil war.

Answer 1

Economical, Political, Religion
Economical- charles closed parliament to rule by himself (however he needs money and parliaments controls taxes)

Political- Charles believed in divine right of kings

Religion- Charles is married to Henrieta Maria (a Catholic). Many fear catholics will take over.

Question 2

Who is Charles I?

Answer 2

King of England, father is James I, fell out with parliament and closed it, declared war on parliament, executed following trial for treason.

Question 3

When did Charles I become king?

Answer 3

1625

Question 4

When did Charles close parliament?

Answer 4

1629

Question 5

When did Charles declare war on parliament?

Answer 5

1642

Question 6

When was Charles executed?

Answer 6

1649-

Question 7

Why did civil war break out?

Answer 7

Charles’ belief in divine right of kings (monarchs are appointed by god) and expected MPs to do as commanded

Charles was forced to call upon parliament as he needed money to fight a war with Scotland

MPs demanded reforms for the way the country was run (Charles refused)

Question 8

What is the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church?

Answer 8

The pope, cardinals, bishops, celibate priests

Question 9

What is the church of England’s (established church) hierarchy?

Answer 9

King/queen of England, bishops, married/single clergy

Question 10

What is the puritan’s church hierarchy?

Answer 10

Committee of clergymen to govern church, clergy and lay preachers who are allowed to marry

Question 11

Who did the puritans support in the civil war?

Answer 11

Parliament

Question 12

What is a cavalier?

Answer 12

Supported King Charles (royalists)
Belonging to COE (established church) most likely.

Question 13

What is a Roundhead?

Answer 13

Supported parliament
Known as parliamentarian

Question 14

Why would puritans like to run England?

Answer 14

To spread their religion, increase wealth and bring in new laws and taxes

Question 15

What was the result of the battle of edge hill?

Answer 15

Parliaments army panicked + ran away
Prince Rupert became a hero for cavaliers

Question 16

What was the result of the battle of Marston moor?

Answer 16

Parliaments army much more efficient (ironside cavalry)
Cavaliers badly beaten

Question 17

Who is Thomas fairfax?

Answer 17

Commander of parliamentarians
Born 1612
Became commander during civil war
Died 1672
Refused to take part in trial + execution of Charles I

Question 18

Who is Oliver cromwell?

Answer 18

MP
Devote puritan
Leader of England after Charles’ execution

Question 19

What is the new model army?

Answer 19

Took part in battle of naseby
Turned England from monarchy to a republic
Formed after heavy defeats to royalists earlier in the war
Won English civil war for parliament
Helped to shape our modern forces
Oliver cromwell led army

Question 20

When was the new model army formed?

Answer 20

February 1645

Question 21

When was the new model army first proposed and by who?

Answer 21

First proposed by sir William waller after his defeat at cropedy bridge in June 1644

Question 22

Why did the new model army win at naseby?

Answer 22

Promotions in army became of recognised ability and not just family history
Trained throughout winter (royalists didn’t)
Many more soldiers (13,500 to 10,000)
Disciplined army
Royalists lost thousands of cavalry
Royalists were greedy + stole baggage train money
Good quality leader. Thomas fairfax
Royalists overconfident
Parliament had good tactic

Question 23

Why should Charles I be executed?

Answer 23

Started both wars + to blame for both
Victories of Cromwell armies show god was on his side
Fought against parliament and his own people
As long as he is alive there’s still another chance of war + might seek revenge on parliament

Question 24

Why shouldn’t Charles I be executed?

Answer 24

People don’t want the king killed
Some of parliament want king back in power
England needs a king
No court can try a king
Chosen by hod to be king (cannot be killed)
If kings head is cut off with crown on it what will happen?
His children + supporters may get revenge if killed

Question 25

What was the English civil war?

Answer 25

Series of battles E.g Marston moor + Naseby between parliamentarians + royalists

Question 26

Name some economical reasons for the starting of the English civil war

Answer 26

Charles closed parliament to rule by himself. (Although, parliament controlled taxes.. Charles needed money)
Charles created his own tax (if you don’t pay you were put in jail)

Question 27

Name some political reasons for the starting of the English civil war.

Answer 27

Charles believed in the divine right of kings (that monarchs were appointed by god. If you went against Charles, you were going against god)
Charles asked parliament for money to fight scots

Question 28

Name some religious reasons for the starting of the English civil war.

Answer 28

Charles married a Catholic (Henrietta maria), puritans were afraid Catholicism would take over.
Laud (archbishop of Canterbury) didn’t like puritans

Question 29

What were the consequences of the English civil war?

Answer 29

Cromwell led England
England was turned from a monarchy to a republic
Many new laws introduced
Charles I executed