English 5.0 Flashcards
Adjective
Askew
Skewed, lopsided, off-center
English 5.0
Not straight or level; out of line.
His hat was askew after the gusty wind.
krzywy, przekrzywiony, na ukos, skośny
Adjective (informal)
Foul up
Botched, messed up, bungled
English 5.0
an occasion when something is spoiled by a stupid mistake
The plans got fouled up due to miscommunication.
zepsuty, zanieczyszczony, zrujnowany, pokręcony
Adjective
Incumbent
Current, present, sitting
English 5.0
Currently holding a specified position.
The incumbent mayor faced tough competition.
obecny, urzędujący, zajmujący stanowisko, sprawujący urząd
Verb
Trot
Jog, canter, lope
English 5.0
To run at a moderate pace with short steps.
She decided to trot to catch the bus.
kłusować, biec truchtem, truchtać, pędzić
Noun
Yellow brick road
Pathway, route, journey
English 5.0
A metaphorical path leading to a hoped-for destination or condition.
He followed his own yellow brick road to success.
żółta, brukowana droga, droga do sukcesu, ścieżka marzeń, trasa do celu
Adjective
Fledgling
Beginner, novice, neophyte
English 5.0
Inexperienced or underdeveloped, particularly in a profession or activity.
The fledgling actor landed his first role.
początkujący, świeżo upieczony, niedoświadczony, nowicjusz
Noun (informal)
Bunk
Nonsense, hogwash, balderdash
English 5.0
Nonsense or foolishness.
His excuse for being late was pure bunk.
bzdura, nonsens, głupota, brednie
Noun
Vantage
Advantage, viewpoint, perspective
English 5.0
A position giving a strategic advantage, commanding perspective, or comprehensive view.
From this vantage, the entire valley was visible.
punkt widzenia, przewaga, korzystna pozycja, dogodne miejsce
Phrasal Verb
Come about
Happen, occur, take place
English 5.0
To happen or take place.
How did this misunderstanding come about?
zdarzyć się, nastąpić, wydarzyć się, pojawić się
Verb
Tumble
Fall, topple, plummet
English 5.0
To fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong.
He tumbled off the bed in his sleep.
upadać, przewracać się, spadać, potykać się
Verb
Tuck
Fold, insert, snug
English 5.0
To put something into a small space, especially to make it tidy.
She tucked the note into her pocket.
wsuwać, chować, wtykać, zaginąć
Verb
Wind up
Conclude, finish, end up
English 5.0
To bring to a conclusion or end.
The meeting finally wound up at midnight.
zakończyć, skończyć, dokończyć, zwinąć
Adjective
Long-standing
Long-lasting, enduring, established
English 5.0
Having existed or continued for a long time.
Their long-standing friendship was admired by all.
długotrwały, utrzymujący się długo, długoletni, trwały
Noun
Fondness
Affection, liking, love
English 5.0
Affection or liking for someone or something.
Her fondness for chocolate was well-known.
przywiązanie, miłość, zamiłowanie, sympatia
Noun
Proclivity
Inclination, tendency, predisposition
English 5.0
A natural inclination or tendency to behave in a particular way.
He has a proclivity for dramatic entrances.
skłonność, tendencja, predyspozycja, zamiłowanie
Noun
Self-pity
Self-indulgence, self-sorrow, self-commiseration
English 5.0
Feeling sorry for oneself; self-indulgent dwelling on one’s own sorrows or misfortunes.
She wallowed in self-pity after the rejection.
samożal, litość nad sobą, rozczulanie się nad sobą, autolitość
Noun
Chalk
Talc, gypsum, carbonate
English 5.0
A soft white limestone used for writing on blackboards and in various industrial applications.
The teacher wrote the lesson on the blackboard with chalk.
kreda, wapień, skała osadowa, minerał
Adjective
Par excellence
Outstanding, exemplary, superlative
English 5.0
Being the best or most outstanding of its kind.
She is a pianist par excellence.
doskonały, wybitny, znakomity, niezrównany
Noun (specialized)
Cognitive constellation
Mental framework, thought pattern, intellectual arrangement
English 5.0
A complex of ideas, thoughts, and mental patterns related to cognitive processes.
*His research focused on the cognitive constellation in decision-making.
konstelacja poznawcza, układ poznawczy, wzór myślenia, struktura umysłowa
Adjective
Entrenched
Rooted, ingrained, established
English 5.0
Firmly established and difficult to change.
His beliefs are deeply entrenched.
zakorzeniony, utrwalony, głęboko zakorzeniony, niezmienny
Adjective (informal)
Sore
Upset, irritable, resentful
English 5.0
Feeling anger or annoyance.
He was sore about losing the game.
obrażony, zły, rozgniewany, urażony
Phrasal Verb
Blow something
Waste, squander, ruin
English 5.0
To waste or ruin an opportunity or chance.
He blew his chances at the interview.
zmarnować, zaprzepaścić, zrujnować, przekreślić
Phrasal Verb
Back down
Retreat, yield, give in
English 5.0
To admit you were wrong or admit defeat
She refused to back down in the argument.
ustąpić, wycofać się, dać za wygraną, poddać się
Noun (informal)
Hodge-podge
Mishmash, jumble, medley
English 5.0
A confused or disorderly mixture of various things.
His essay was a hodge-podge of ideas.
mieszanina, miszmasz, bałagan, gąszcz
Adjective
Distasteful
Unpleasant, disagreeable, offensive
English 5.0
Causing dislike or aversion; unpleasant.
The joke he told was quite distasteful.
nieprzyjemny, odrażający, niesmaczny, nie do przyjęcia
Verb
Emerge
Appear, surface, come out
English 5.0
To become apparent or come into view.
A dolphin emerged from the water.
wynurzyć się, pojawić się, ukazać się, wyłonić się
Phrase
To hold dear
Cherish, treasure, value
English 5.0
To regard with deep affection or attachment.
She holds her family memories dear.
cenić, pielęgnować, hołdować, miłować
Adjective
Budding
Emerging, developing, nascent
English 5.0
Beginning to develop or showing signs of future potential.
A budding artist, her talent was unmistakable.
początkujący, rozwijający się, w zarodku, obiecujący
Adjective
Deferential
Respectful, reverential, considerate
English 5.0
Showing respectful submission or yielding to the judgment, opinion, or will of another.
His tone was deferential to his superior.
pełen szacunku, uległy, respektujący, pokorny
Adjective
Trodden
Walked on, trampled, stepped on
English 5.0
Having been walked on or stepped on frequently.
The well-trodden path led to the lake.
uczęszczany, wydeptany, zdeptany, wyślizgany
Verb
Precipitate
Hasten, trigger, cause
English 5.0
To cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly.
Her resignation precipitated a crisis.
przyspieszać, wywoływać, spowodować, zainicjować
Adjective
Preeminent
Leading, foremost, outstanding
English 5.0
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
She is a preeminent figure in contemporary art.
wybitny, wiodący, niezrównany, znakomity
Verb
Surmise
Conjecture, guess, infer
English 5.0
To suppose something is true without having evidence to confirm it.
He surmised that she was late.
przypuszczać, domyślać się, zgadywać, wnioskować
Verb
Solidify
Harden, congeal, firm up
English 5.0
To make or become firm or solid.
The plans began to solidify.
utwardzać, zastygać, konsolidować, umacniać
Noun
Inklings
Hints, suggestions, clues
English 5.0
a feeling that something is true or likely to happen, although you are not certain:
He had inklings of the truth.
podejrzenia, przypuszczenia, domysły, ślady
Noun (informal)
Black eye
Shiner, bruise, discoloration
English 5.0
A bruise around the eye resulting from an injury.
He got a black eye during the match.
podbite oko, siniak, stłuczenie, sińce
Verb
Circulate
Spread, disseminate, propagate
English 5.0
To cause to become widely known or spread.
The idea quickly circulated among the group.
rozpowszechniać, krążyć, obiegać, rozprzestrzeniać się
Noun
Mashed potatoes
Pureed, whipped, creamy potatoes
English 5.0
Potatoes that have been boiled and crushed into a soft, creamy consistency.
She served mashed potatoes with the roast.
puree ziemniaczane, tłuczone ziemniaki, zmiażdżone ziemniaki, ugniecione ziemniaki
Adjective (informal)
Jumped up
Pretentious, self-important, overbearing
English 5.0
Behaving or considered to be acting more important than is warranted.
His jumped-up attitude irritated his colleagues.
nadęty, pretensjonalny, zarozumiały, pełen zadęcia
Phrase
Let someone have it
Attack, scold, reprimand
English 5.0
To attack or scold someone vigorously.
When he got home, his mom let him have it for being late.
dać komuś popalić, dać komuś w kość, zbesztać, zaatakować
Adjective
Subservient
Subordinate, submissive, secondary
English 5.0
Prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important.
He was subservient to his boss.
poddany, służalczy, uległy, drugorzędny
Noun
Juncture
Conjunction, intersection, point
English 5.0
A particular point in events or time.
At this critical juncture, every decision counts.
moment, punkt zwrotny, połączenie, przecięcie
Verb
Jeopardize
Endanger, risk, threaten
English 5.0
To put someone or something into a situation where there is a risk of loss, harm, or failure.
His actions jeopardize the whole project.
zagrozić, narażać, ryzykować, zagrażać
Noun
Outlet
Vent, channel, means of expression
English 5.0
A means by which something is released or expressed.
Painting was an emotional outlet for him.
ujście, kanał, sposób na wyrażenie, środek wyrazu
Verb
Mitigate
Alleviate, lessen, reduce
English 5.0
To make less severe, serious, or painful.
Measures were taken to mitigate the environmental impact.
łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabiać, redukować
Verb
Smother
Suffocate, stifle, suppress
English 5.0
To cover or envelop completely, sometimes to the point of suppression.
He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.
dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać
Noun
Stool
Seat, bench, footrest
English 5.0
A seat without a back or arms, typically resting on three or four legs or on a single pedestal.
He sat on the stool at the bar.
taboret, stołek, siedzenie, podnóżek
Phrase
To the fore
In the front, prominent, ahead
English 5.0
Into a position of prominence or importance.
New leaders came to the fore in the community.
na czoło, na pierwszy plan, do przodu, na prowadzenie
Adjective
Hapless
Unfortunate, unlucky, ill-fated
English 5.0
Having no luck; unfortunate.
The hapless travelers lost their map.
nieszczęśliwy, pechowy, niefortunny, nieszczęsny
Adjective
Despondent
Depressed, downhearted, disheartened
English 5.0
In low spirits from loss of hope or courage.
He became despondent after his application was rejected.
przygnębiony, zniechęcony, bez nadziei, smutny
Verb
Collude
Conspire, plot, connive
English 5.0
To come to a secret understanding for a harmful purpose; conspire.
The companies were found to collude to fix prices.
koludować, spiskować, zmawiać się, współdziałać
Adjective
Dejected
Downcast, dispirited, discouraged
English 5.0
Sad and depressed; dispirited.
He looked dejected after the defeat.
przybity, przygnębiony, zniechęcony, smutny
Noun
Inpatient unit
Hospital ward, treatment center, care facility
English 5.0
A hospital department where patients are admitted for overnight stay and treatment.
He was admitted to the inpatient unit for observation.
oddział szpitalny, oddział stacjonarny, jednostka hospitalizacyjna, oddział dla pacjentów
Noun
Plain
Flatland, prairie, grassland
English 5.0
An extensive area of flat or gently rolling land.
The plains stretched out as far as the eye could see.
równina, nizina, płaskowyż, step
Adjective
Self-effacing
Modest, unassuming, humble
English 5.0
Not claiming attention for oneself; modest.
Her self-effacing manner endeared her to everyone.
skromny, niepozorny, niepretensjonalny, nierzucający się w oczy
Verb
Efface
Erase, obliterate, wipe out
English 5.0
To erase or remove something as if by rubbing.
Time effaced the memories from his mind.
zatrzeć, wymazać, usunąć, zlikwidować
Adjective
Tardy
Late, delayed, overdue
English 5.0
Delayed beyond the expected or proper time; late.
She apologized for being tardy.
spóźniony, opóźniony, nieterminowy, zwlekający
Adjective
Contrite
Remorseful, repentant, regretful
English 5.0
Feeling or expressing remorse or penitence; affected by guilt.
His contrite apology seemed sincere.
skruszony, żałujący, pokutujący, pełen skruchy
Adjective
Compliant
Obedient, submissive, accommodating
English 5.0
Inclined to agree with others or obey rules, especially to an excessive degree.
The company was compliant with the regulations.
posłuszny, uległy, zgodny, podporządkowany
Verb
Relinquish
Give up, surrender, abandon
English 5.0
To voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up.
He had to relinquish control of the project.
zrzec się, odstąpić, zrezygnować, oddać
Verb
Kindle
Ignite, spark, arouse
English 5.0
To set alight or start to burn; to arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling).
His words kindled a sense of adventure in them.
zapalić, rozbudzić, wzniecić, rozpalić
Noun
Tardiness
Latency, delay, slowness
English 5.0
The quality or fact of being late; lateness.
His tardiness was frowned upon at work.
spóźnienie, opóźnienie, zwłoka, ociąganie się
Adverb
Woefully
Regrettably, sadly, lamentably
English 5.0
In a manner expressing sorrow or misery.
He was woefully unprepared for the exam.
żałośnie, okropnie, smutno, boleśnie
Noun
Woe
Sorrow, misery, distress
English 5.0
Great sorrow or distress.
Tales of woe filled the room.
nieszczęście, żałość, smutek, zmartwienie
Noun
Incentive
Motivation, inducement, encouragement
English 5.0
A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.
The bonus was an incentive to work harder.
zachęta, motywacja, bodziec, impuls
Verb
Tear up
Rip, shred, destroy
English 5.0
To rip or shred something into pieces.
She tore up the letter in frustration.
podrzeć, rozszarpać, zniszczyć, roztrzaskać
Phrase
Cut to the chase
Get to the point, skip details, be direct
English 5.0
To come to the point; to skip unnecessary preliminaries.
Let’s cut to the chase - what’s your final offer?
przejść do sedna, ominąć zbędne szczegóły, mówić prosto z mostu, skupić się na istocie
Phrase
Be apt to
Tend to, likely to, prone to
English 5.0
To have a tendency to do something.
He’s apt to forget his keys.
mieć tendencję, być skłonnym, zazwyczaj, być skorym
Adjective
Pivotal
Crucial, central, key
English 5.0
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
His discovery played a pivotal role in the research.
kluczowy, centralny, zasadniczy, decydujący
Noun
Disdain
Contempt, scorn, disrespect
English 5.0
The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one’s consideration or respect.
She looked at him with disdain.
pogarda, lekceważenie, niechęć, wzgarda
Noun
Harrumph
Grumble, mutter, mumble
English 5.0
A sound made to express doubt or displeasure.
He gave a harrumph when he heard the news.
hę, hmpf, ochrypłe mruknięcie, niezadowolone chrząknięcie
Noun
Umbilical cord
Birth cord, navel string, lifeline
English 5.0
The flexible cord that connects a fetus to the placenta, conveying oxygen and nutrients.
The doctor cut the baby’s umbilical cord.
pępowina, sznur pępowinowy, łącznik, przewód
Adjective (informal)
Cross
Angry, irritated, annoyed
English 4.0
Feeling or showing annoyance or anger.
She was cross about the cancelled plans.
zły, rozgniewany, rozdrażniony, poirytowany
Noun
Mortgage
Loan, home loan, deed of trust
English 5.0
A legal agreement by which a bank lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor’s property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt.
They took out a mortgage to buy a house.
hipoteka, kredyt hipoteczny, zastaw, pożyczka pod zastaw
Verb
Concretize
Materialize, solidify, realize
English 5.0
To make something concrete or specific.
Her plans began to concretize.
skonkretyzować, ucieleśnić, zmaterializować, urzeczywistnić
Verb (informal)
Waddled up
Shuffled, toddled, lumbered
English 5.0
To walk with short steps and a swaying motion.
The duck waddled up to the pond.
chwalić się, dreptać, wlec się, kuśtykać
Phrase
Take care that/to
Ensure, make certain, be cautious
English 5.0
To make sure or take steps to ensure that something happens or is the case.
Take care to lock the door when you leave.
dbać, upewnić się, zatroszczyć się, być ostrożnym
Adjective
Cumbersome
Burdensome, unwieldy, awkward
English 5.0
Large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use; unwieldy.
The package was cumbersome and hard to carry.
nieporęczny, uciążliwy, ciężki, zawadliwy
Noun
Dunes
Sand hills, mounds, ridges
English 5.0
Hills of sand formed by the wind near the ocean or in a desert.
The dunes shifted with the wind.
wydmy, piaski, pagórki, wzgórza
Adjective
Lucid
Clear, coherent, understandable
English 5.0
Expressed clearly; easy to understand.
His explanation was lucid and to the point.
jasny, klarowny, zrozumiały, przystępny
Noun
Clutch
Grip, grasp, hold
English 5.0
A tight grip or hold.
She had a firm clutch on her purse.
chwyt, uścisk, zacisk, uchwyt
Verb
Wriggle
Squirm, twist, wriggle
English 5.0
To twist and turn with quick writhing movements.
The baby wriggled in her arms.
wić się, wiercić, skręcać się, wywijać
Verb
Trundle
Roll, wheel, lumber
English 5.0
To move or cause to move slowly and heavily, typically in a noisy or uneven way.
The cart trundled down the street.
toczyć się, wlec się, turlać, stukotać
Adverb
Inexorably
Unstoppably, relentlessly, inevitably
English 5.0
In a way that is impossible to stop or prevent.
The days moved inexorably forward.
nieuchronnie, nieubłaganie, nieodwołalnie, niezmiennie
Verb
Wading
Paddling, walking in water, fording
English 5.0
To walk through water or another liquid or soft substance.
Children were wading in the shallow water.
brodzenie, wchodzenie do wody, przechodzenie przez wodę, brnięcie
Verb
Peck
Nip, pick, bite
English 5.0
To strike or bite something with a beak or similar pointed object.
The bird pecked at the window.
dziobać, skubać, kłuć, bicie
Adverb
Onwards
Forward, ahead, forth
English 5.0
In a continuous or forward direction.
They marched onwards towards the city.
dalej, naprzód, do przodu, w przód
Verb
Misform
Deform, misshape, distort
English 5.0
To form or shape wrongly or badly.
The statue was misformed during the casting process.
zniekształcić, zepsuć, źle uformować, pokrzywić
Verb
Condemn
Denounce, censure, criticize
English 5.0
To express complete disapproval of; censure.
The court condemned his actions.
potępić, skazać, krytykować, zganąć
Noun
Cessation
End, halt, stop
English 5.0
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
The cessation of hostilities was a relief.
przerwanie, zaprzestanie, ustanie, zawieszenie
Noun
Beak
Bill, snout, rostrum
English 5.0
The hard, pointed mouthpart of birds, some insects, and certain other animals.
The eagle’s beak was sharp and strong.
dziób, ptasi dziób, szczyt, nos
Noun (specialized)
Defusion
De-escalation, dispersion, dissipation
English 5.0
The process of reducing tension or dispersing something.
The defusion of the situation was her top priority.
rozproszenie, złagodzenie, rozładowanie, rozdzielenie
Verb
Creak
Squeak, groan, screech
English 5.0
To make a sharp, harsh, grating, or squeaking sound.
The old door creaked as it opened.
Phrase
Cross between
Mixture, hybrid, combination
English 5.0
A mix or hybrid of two different things, qualities, or types.
She’s a cross between a scientist and an artist.
mieszanka, hybryda, połączenie, krzyżówka
Noun
Dissertation
Thesis, treatise, essay
English 5.0
A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree or diploma.
His dissertation was on medieval literature.
praca, rozprawa, dysertacja, esej
Phrase
Mixture of
Combination, blend, assortment
English 5.0
A combination of different things in which the components retain their individual characteristics.
The recipe called for a mixture of spices.
mieszanka, połączenie, kompozycja, mix
Phrase
Exerts influence
Wields power, impacts, affects
English 5.0
To use power or ability to affect or sway someone or something.
The media exerts influence on public opinion.
wywierać wpływ, oddziaływać, wpłynąć, działać
Phrase
Exercise authority/influence
Wield power, assert control, exert influence
English 5.0
To use or apply power, control, or influence.
She knows how to exercise authority effectively.
stosować władzę, używać wpływu, egzekwować autorytet, wpływać
Adjective (informal)
Soused
Drunk, intoxicated, inebriated
English 5.0
Drunk or intoxicated.
After the party, he was completely soused.
pijany, nawalony, podchmielony, zalany
Noun
Alimony
Spousal support, maintenance, financial support
English 5.0
A financial support paid to a spouse after separation or divorce.
He was required to pay alimony each month.
alimenty, utrzymanie, wsparcie finansowe, zasiłek
Adjective
Blossoming
Flowering, blooming, developing
English 5.0
Beginning to develop or flourish.
Her talent in music is really blossoming.
kwitnący, rozkwitający, rozwijający się, pączkujący
Verb
Brew
Infuse, steep, concoct
English 5.0
To make a beverage by steeping, boiling, and fermenting certain ingredients.
She brewed a fresh pot of coffee.
warzyć, zaparzać, przyrządzać, fermentować
Adjective
Reciprocal
Mutual, corresponding, complementary
English 5.0
Given, felt, or done in return; bearing on or binding each of two parties equally.
They had a reciprocal agreement to help each other.
wzajemny, obustronny, rewanżowy, odpowiedni
Adjective
Outright
Complete, total, absolute
English 5.0
Complete and total.
He won the race outright.
bezpośredni, całkowity, absolutny, jednoznaczny
Adjective
Attitudinal
Behavioral, psychological, mindset-related
English 5.0
Relating to, based on, or expressing a person’s attitude or personal stance.
Attitudinal changes are necessary for progress.
związany z postawą, behawioralny, dotyczący nastawienia, psychologiczny
Noun
Boa constrictor
Large snake, constrictor, serpent
English 5.0
A large, heavy-bodied snake that kills its prey by constriction.
The boa constrictor wrapped itself around its prey.
boa dusiciel, wąż dusiciel, boa, dusiciel
``Verb
Relapse
Regress, backslide, deteriorate
English 5.0
To fall back into a previous condition or mode of behavior.
She relapsed into her old habits.
wznowienie, nawrót, powrót do stanu, regres
Verb
Reinstate
Restore, return, reestablish
English 5.0
To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.
The coach was reinstated after the investigation.
przywrócić, powrócić, odnowić, reinstalować
Noun
Sabbatical
Leave of absence, break, hiatus
English 5.0
A period of paid leave granted to a university teacher or other worker for study or travel, traditionally every seventh year.
She’s on a sabbatical to research her book.
urlop naukowy, sabatyczny, przerwa, wakacje
Noun
Malady
Disease, ailment, illness
English 5.0
-Disease
-A problem within a system or organization
A disease or ailment.
An unknown malady afflicted the village.
Adjective
Doctrinaire
Dogmatic, inflexible, rigid
English 5.0
Seeking to impose a doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations.
His doctrinaire approach to management caused issues.
doktrynalny, sztywny, dogmatyczny, nieelastyczny
Adjective (specialized)
Operant
Effective, functioning, working
English 5.0
Relating to or denoting an operant condition or behavior.
Operant conditioning is a key concept in psychology.
działający, operacyjny, skuteczny, funkcjonujący
Noun
Mediation
Intervention, arbitration, negotiation
English 5.0
Intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it.
The conflict was resolved through mediation.
mediacja, pośrednictwo, negocjacja, interwencja
Phrase
Promise land
Utopia, ideal place, land of opportunity
English 5.0
A place or situation where one expects to find great happiness or success.
They saw America as the promised land.
ziemia obiecana, raj, miejsce szczęścia, wymarzony kraj
Verb
Marshal
Organize, arrange, assemble
English 5.0
To arrange or assemble (a group of people, especially troops) in order.
The general marshaled his forces for the attack.
zorganizować, ustawić, zgromadzić, rozmieścić
Adjective
Divergent
Different, varying, deviating
English 5.0
Tending to be different or develop in different directions.
Their opinions were divergent on many topics.
różny, odmienny, rozbieżny, zbieżny
Verb
Alter
Change, modify, adjust
English 5.0
To change or cause to change in character or composition.
Plans had to be altered at the last minute.
zmieniać, modyfikować, przekształcać, dostosować
Verb
Enlist
Join, sign up, recruit
English 5.0
To enroll or be enrolled in the armed services.
He enlisted in the navy.
zaciągnąć się, zwerbować, zarekrutować, wstąpić
Verb
Enroll
Register, sign up, matriculate
English 5.0
To officially arrange to join a course, school, or group.
She enrolled in the university.
zapisać się, zarejestrować, wstąpić, dołączyć
Phrase
Expand scope
Broaden range, extend coverage, widen reach
English 5.0
To increase the range of activities or areas that something affects or covers.
The company is looking to expand its scope into new markets.
poszerzyć zakres, rozszerzyć działalność, zwiększyć zasięg, rozwinąć obszar
Noun
Locus
Location, place, site
English 5.0
A particular position, point, or place.
The locus of the meeting was the boardroom.
miejsce, punkt, lokalizacja, centrum
Verb
Shift
Move, change, transfer
English 5.0
To move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance.
She shifted her gaze to the window.
zmienić, przesunąć, przestawić, przekierować
Verb
Grease
Lubricate, oil, smear
English 5.0
To apply grease or oil to something, especially to make it work smoothly.
He greased the wheels of the bicycle.
smarować, natłuścić, oliwić, posmarować
Verb
Mitigate
Lessen, alleviate, reduce
English 5.0
To make less severe, serious, or painful.
Measures were taken to mitigate the effects of the disaster.
łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabić, zredukować
Verb
Bolster
Support, strengthen, reinforce
English 5.0
To support or strengthen something.
She bolstered his confidence with her encouragement.
wzmocnić, podpierać, poprzeć, umocnić
Adverb
Jubilantly
Joyfully, exultantly, triumphantly
English 5.0
In a manner that expresses great happiness or triumph.
The team celebrated jubilantly after their victory.
radosny, triumfalny, z entuzjazmem, uroczyście
Noun
Spillover
Overflow, repercussion, extension
English 5.0
An instance of overflowing or spreading into another area.
The spillover effect of the crisis affected neighboring countries.
rozlew, przelew, skutek uboczny, rozprzestrzenianie się
Adjective
Musty
Moldy, stale, damp-smelling
English 5.0
Having a stale, moldy, or damp smell.
The old house had a musty odor.
stęchły, zapleśniały, przestarzały, zatęchły
Adjective
Bleary-eyed
Sleepy, tired, groggy
English 5.0
Having eyes that look very tired and watery.
He was bleary-eyed after studying all night.
z zaczerwienionymi oczami, śpiący, zaspany, zmęczony
Adjective
Bleary
Blurry, unclear, indistinct
English 5.0
(Of vision) blurred; not clear.
His vision was bleary from lack of sleep.
zamglony, rozmazany, niewyraźny, zaczerwieniony
Adjective
Ripe
Mature, ready, full-grown
English 5.0
(Fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating.
The apples were ripe and juicy.
dojrzały, gotowy, pełny, soczysty
Noun
Impetus
Motivation, stimulus, incentive
English 5.0
The force or energy with which something moves.
The grant gave a new impetus to the project.
impuls, bodziec, zachęta, motywacja
Noun
Avalanche
Landslide, snowslide, cascade
English 5.0
A mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside.
The avalanche buried the mountain village.
lawina, zsuwanie się, osuwisko, potok
verb technical formal
Ramify
Branched, spread out, complex
English 5.0
Spread or branched out into many sections.
The organization’s influence has ramified over the years.
rozgałęziony, rozprzestrzeniony, skomplikowany, rozszerzony
Noun (specialized)
Diffusion model
Spread theory, dissemination pattern, expansion blueprint
English 5.0
A theoretical model that explains how something is spread or communicated over time among the members of a social system.
The diffusion model helped explain the adoption of new technologies.
model dyfuzji, wzór rozprzestrzeniania, schemat rozprzestrzeniania, model rozszerzania
Adjective
Vested
Established, conferred, endowed
English 5.0
Secured in the possession of or assigned to a person.
She had a vested interest in the company’s success.
nabyty, ustalony, zagwarantowany, przypisany
Phrase
Small/little wonder that
Not surprising, understandable, expected
English 5.0
It is not surprising or unusual.
It’s little wonder that he’s tired after the long journey.
nic dziwnego, że, zrozumiałe, że, spodziewane, że, oczywiste, że
Verb
Prompt
Encourage, stimulate, provoke
English 5.0
To cause or bring about an action or feeling.
His remarks prompted a heated discussion.
pobudzać, wywoływać, skłonić, zachęcać
Adjective
Utmost
Greatest, maximum, supreme
English 5.0
Most extreme; greatest.
She tried her utmost to complete the task on time.
największy, maksymalny, najwyższy, skrajny
Phrase
Reflects bad on something
Shows negatively, casts in poor light, indicates poorly
English 5.0
To make something appear in a negative or unfavorable way.
His behavior reflects bad on the entire team.
źle świadczy o, rzucać złe światło, wskazywać negatywnie, odzwierciedlać źle
Phrase
(Someone) modelled himself on (someone)
Imitated, followed, emulated
English 5.0
To imitate or try to emulate someone, typically a role model.
He modelled himself on his favorite basketball player.
naśladować, wzorować się na, emulować, kopiować
Verb
Tire of
Become bored with, grow weary of, lose interest in
English 5.0
To lose interest or become bored with something or someone.
She quickly tired of the repetitive work.
zmęczyć się, znudzić się, stracić zainteresowanie, mieć dość
Phrase
Loath to do something
Unwilling, reluctant, hesitant
English 5.0
Unwilling or reluctant to do something.
She was loath to admit her mistakes.
niechętny, oporny, ociągający się, niechcący
Adjective
Wary of
Cautious, suspicious, careful
English 5.0
Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.
He was wary of strangers.
ostrożny, przezorny, nieufny, czujny
Noun
Reversal
Change, turnaround, flip
English 5.0
A change to an opposite direction, position, or course of action.
The court ordered a reversal of the previous decision.
odwrócenie, zmiana, cofnięcie, rewizja
Noun
Rehearsal
Practice, run-through, preparation
English 5.0
A practice or trial performance of a play or other work for later public performance.
The actors were busy with rehearsal.
próba, ćwiczenie, przygotowanie, repetycja
Verb
Reckon
Calculate, estimate, consider
English 5.0
To calculate or conclude after consideration.
I reckon we’ll arrive by 6 PM.
liczyć, sądzić, przewidywać, szacować
Adjective
Sketchy
Incomplete, rough, superficial
English 5.0
Not thorough or detailed.
The details he gave were rather sketchy.
pobieżny, szkicowy, niepełny, ogólnikowy
Noun
Mores
Customs, traditions, norms
English 5.0
The essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a community.
The mores of the society were strict and traditional.
obyczaje, normy, zwyczaje, tradycje