English 5.0 Flashcards
1
Q
Adjective
Askew
Skewed, lopsided, off-center
English 5.0
A
Not straight or level; out of line.
His hat was askew after the gusty wind.
krzywy, przekrzywiony, na ukos, skośny
2
Q
Adjective (informal)
Foul up
Botched, messed up, bungled
English 5.0
A
an occasion when something is spoiled by a stupid mistake
The plans got fouled up due to miscommunication.
zepsuty, zanieczyszczony, zrujnowany, pokręcony
3
Q
Adjective
Incumbent
Current, present, sitting
English 5.0
A
Currently holding a specified position.
The incumbent mayor faced tough competition.
obecny, urzędujący, zajmujący stanowisko, sprawujący urząd
4
Q
Verb
Trot
Jog, canter, lope
English 5.0
A
To run at a moderate pace with short steps.
She decided to trot to catch the bus.
kłusować, biec truchtem, truchtać, pędzić
5
Q
Noun
Yellow brick road
Pathway, route, journey
English 5.0
A
A metaphorical path leading to a hoped-for destination or condition.
He followed his own yellow brick road to success.
żółta, brukowana droga, droga do sukcesu, ścieżka marzeń, trasa do celu
6
Q
Adjective
Fledgling
Beginner, novice, neophyte
English 5.0
A
Inexperienced or underdeveloped, particularly in a profession or activity.
The fledgling actor landed his first role.
początkujący, świeżo upieczony, niedoświadczony, nowicjusz
7
Q
Noun (informal)
Bunk
Nonsense, hogwash, balderdash
English 5.0
A
Nonsense or foolishness.
His excuse for being late was pure bunk.
bzdura, nonsens, głupota, brednie
8
Q
Noun
Vantage
Advantage, viewpoint, perspective
English 5.0
A
A position giving a strategic advantage, commanding perspective, or comprehensive view.
From this vantage, the entire valley was visible.
punkt widzenia, przewaga, korzystna pozycja, dogodne miejsce
9
Q
Phrasal Verb
Come about
Happen, occur, take place
English 5.0
A
To happen or take place.
How did this misunderstanding come about?
zdarzyć się, nastąpić, wydarzyć się, pojawić się
10
Q
Verb
Tumble
Fall, topple, plummet
English 5.0
A
To fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong.
He tumbled off the bed in his sleep.
upadać, przewracać się, spadać, potykać się
11
Q
Verb
Tuck
Fold, insert, snug
English 5.0
A
To put something into a small space, especially to make it tidy.
She tucked the note into her pocket.
wsuwać, chować, wtykać, zaginąć
12
Q
Verb
Wind up
Conclude, finish, end up
English 5.0
A
To bring to a conclusion or end.
The meeting finally wound up at midnight.
zakończyć, skończyć, dokończyć, zwinąć
13
Q
Adjective
Long-standing
Long-lasting, enduring, established
English 5.0
A
Having existed or continued for a long time.
Their long-standing friendship was admired by all.
długotrwały, utrzymujący się długo, długoletni, trwały
14
Q
Noun
Fondness
Affection, liking, love
English 5.0
A
Affection or liking for someone or something.
Her fondness for chocolate was well-known.
przywiązanie, miłość, zamiłowanie, sympatia
15
Q
Noun
Proclivity
Inclination, tendency, predisposition
English 5.0
A
A natural inclination or tendency to behave in a particular way.
He has a proclivity for dramatic entrances.
skłonność, tendencja, predyspozycja, zamiłowanie
16
Q
Noun
Self-pity
Self-indulgence, self-sorrow, self-commiseration
English 5.0
A
Feeling sorry for oneself; self-indulgent dwelling on one’s own sorrows or misfortunes.
She wallowed in self-pity after the rejection.
samożal, litość nad sobą, rozczulanie się nad sobą, autolitość
17
Q
Noun
Chalk
Talc, gypsum, carbonate
English 5.0
A
A soft white limestone used for writing on blackboards and in various industrial applications.
The teacher wrote the lesson on the blackboard with chalk.
kreda, wapień, skała osadowa, minerał
18
Q
Adjective
Par excellence
Outstanding, exemplary, superlative
English 5.0
A
Being the best or most outstanding of its kind.
She is a pianist par excellence.
doskonały, wybitny, znakomity, niezrównany
19
Q
Noun (specialized)
Cognitive constellation
Mental framework, thought pattern, intellectual arrangement
English 5.0
A
A complex of ideas, thoughts, and mental patterns related to cognitive processes.
*His research focused on the cognitive constellation in decision-making.
konstelacja poznawcza, układ poznawczy, wzór myślenia, struktura umysłowa
20
Q
Adjective
Entrenched
Rooted, ingrained, established
English 5.0
A
Firmly established and difficult to change.
His beliefs are deeply entrenched.
zakorzeniony, utrwalony, głęboko zakorzeniony, niezmienny
21
Q
Adjective (informal)
Sore
Upset, irritable, resentful
English 5.0
A
Feeling anger or annoyance.
He was sore about losing the game.
obrażony, zły, rozgniewany, urażony
22
Q
Phrasal Verb
Blow something
Waste, squander, ruin
English 5.0
A
To waste or ruin an opportunity or chance.
He blew his chances at the interview.
zmarnować, zaprzepaścić, zrujnować, przekreślić
23
Q
Phrasal Verb
Back down
Retreat, yield, give in
English 5.0
A
To admit you were wrong or admit defeat
She refused to back down in the argument.
ustąpić, wycofać się, dać za wygraną, poddać się
24
Q
Noun (informal)
Hodge-podge
Mishmash, jumble, medley
English 5.0
A
A confused or disorderly mixture of various things.
His essay was a hodge-podge of ideas.
mieszanina, miszmasz, bałagan, gąszcz
25
# Adjective
**Distasteful**
| *Unpleasant, disagreeable, offensive*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Causing dislike or aversion; unpleasant.
| *The joke he told was quite distasteful.*
## Footnote
nieprzyjemny, odrażający, niesmaczny, nie do przyjęcia
26
# Verb
**Emerge**
| *Appear, surface, come out*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To become apparent or come into view.
| *A dolphin emerged from the water.*
## Footnote
wynurzyć się, pojawić się, ukazać się, wyłonić się
27
# Phrase
**To hold dear**
| *Cherish, treasure, value*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To regard with deep affection or attachment.
| *She holds her family memories dear.*
## Footnote
cenić, pielęgnować, hołdować, miłować
28
# Adjective
**Budding**
| *Emerging, developing, nascent*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Beginning to develop or showing signs of future potential.
| *A budding artist, her talent was unmistakable.*
## Footnote
początkujący, rozwijający się, w zarodku, obiecujący
29
# Adjective
**Deferential**
| *Respectful, reverential, considerate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Showing respectful submission or yielding to the judgment, opinion, or will of another.
| *His tone was deferential to his superior.*
## Footnote
pełen szacunku, uległy, respektujący, pokorny
30
# Adjective
**Trodden**
| *Walked on, trampled, stepped on*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Having been walked on or stepped on frequently.
| *The well-trodden path led to the lake.*
## Footnote
uczęszczany, wydeptany, zdeptany, wyślizgany
31
# Verb
**Precipitate**
| *Hasten, trigger, cause*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly.
| *Her resignation precipitated a crisis.*
## Footnote
przyspieszać, wywoływać, spowodować, zainicjować
32
# Adjective
**Preeminent**
| *Leading, foremost, outstanding*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
| *She is a preeminent figure in contemporary art.*
## Footnote
wybitny, wiodący, niezrównany, znakomity
33
# Verb
**Surmise**
| *Conjecture, guess, infer*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To suppose something is true without having evidence to confirm it.
| *He surmised that she was late.*
## Footnote
przypuszczać, domyślać się, zgadywać, wnioskować
34
# Verb
**Solidify**
| *Harden, congeal, firm up*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To make or become firm or solid.
| *The plans began to solidify.*
## Footnote
utwardzać, zastygać, konsolidować, umacniać
35
# Noun
**Inklings**
| *Hints, suggestions, clues*
## Footnote
English 5.0
a feeling that something is true or likely to happen, although you are not certain:
| *He had inklings of the truth.*
## Footnote
podejrzenia, przypuszczenia, domysły, ślady
36
# Noun (informal)
**Black eye**
| *Shiner, bruise, discoloration*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A bruise around the eye resulting from an injury.
| *He got a black eye during the match.*
## Footnote
podbite oko, siniak, stłuczenie, sińce
37
# Verb
**Circulate**
| *Spread, disseminate, propagate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To cause to become widely known or spread.
| *The idea quickly circulated among the group.*
## Footnote
rozpowszechniać, krążyć, obiegać, rozprzestrzeniać się
38
# Noun
**Mashed potatoes**
| *Pureed, whipped, creamy potatoes*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Potatoes that have been boiled and crushed into a soft, creamy consistency.
| *She served mashed potatoes with the roast.*
## Footnote
puree ziemniaczane, tłuczone ziemniaki, zmiażdżone ziemniaki, ugniecione ziemniaki
39
# Adjective (informal)
**Jumped up**
| *Pretentious, self-important, overbearing*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Behaving or considered to be acting more important than is warranted.
| *His jumped-up attitude irritated his colleagues.*
## Footnote
nadęty, pretensjonalny, zarozumiały, pełen zadęcia
40
# Phrase
**Let someone have it**
| *Attack, scold, reprimand*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To attack or scold someone vigorously.
| *When he got home, his mom let him have it for being late.*
## Footnote
dać komuś popalić, dać komuś w kość, zbesztać, zaatakować
41
# Adjective
**Subservient**
| *Subordinate, submissive, secondary*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important.
| *He was subservient to his boss.*
## Footnote
poddany, służalczy, uległy, drugorzędny
42
# Noun
**Juncture**
| *Conjunction, intersection, point*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A particular point in events or time.
| *At this critical juncture, every decision counts.*
## Footnote
moment, punkt zwrotny, połączenie, przecięcie
43
# Verb
**Jeopardize**
| *Endanger, risk, threaten*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To put someone or something into a situation where there is a risk of loss, harm, or failure.
| *His actions jeopardize the whole project.*
## Footnote
zagrozić, narażać, ryzykować, zagrażać
44
# Noun
**Outlet**
| *Vent, channel, means of expression*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A means by which something is released or expressed.
| *Painting was an emotional outlet for him.*
## Footnote
ujście, kanał, sposób na wyrażenie, środek wyrazu
45
# Verb
**Mitigate**
| *Alleviate, lessen, reduce*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To make less severe, serious, or painful.
| *Measures were taken to mitigate the environmental impact.*
## Footnote
łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabiać, redukować
46
# Verb
**Smother**
| *Suffocate, stifle, suppress*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To cover or envelop completely, sometimes to the point of suppression.
| *He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.*
## Footnote
dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać
47
# Noun
**Stool**
| *Seat, bench, footrest*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A seat without a back or arms, typically resting on three or four legs or on a single pedestal.
| *He sat on the stool at the bar.*
## Footnote
taboret, stołek, siedzenie, podnóżek
48
# Phrase
**To the fore**
| *In the front, prominent, ahead*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Into a position of prominence or importance.
| *New leaders came to the fore in the community.*
## Footnote
na czoło, na pierwszy plan, do przodu, na prowadzenie
49
# Adjective
**Hapless**
| *Unfortunate, unlucky, ill-fated*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Having no luck; unfortunate.
| *The hapless travelers lost their map.*
## Footnote
nieszczęśliwy, pechowy, niefortunny, nieszczęsny
50
# Adjective
**Despondent**
| *Depressed, downhearted, disheartened*
## Footnote
English 5.0
In low spirits from loss of hope or courage.
| *He became despondent after his application was rejected.*
## Footnote
przygnębiony, zniechęcony, bez nadziei, smutny
51
# Verb
**Collude**
| *Conspire, plot, connive*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To come to a secret understanding for a harmful purpose; conspire.
| *The companies were found to collude to fix prices.*
## Footnote
koludować, spiskować, zmawiać się, współdziałać
52
# Adjective
**Dejected**
| *Downcast, dispirited, discouraged*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Sad and depressed; dispirited.
| *He looked dejected after the defeat.*
## Footnote
przybity, przygnębiony, zniechęcony, smutny
53
# Noun
**Inpatient unit**
| *Hospital ward, treatment center, care facility*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A hospital department where patients are admitted for overnight stay and treatment.
| *He was admitted to the inpatient unit for observation.*
## Footnote
oddział szpitalny, oddział stacjonarny, jednostka hospitalizacyjna, oddział dla pacjentów
54
# Noun
**Plain**
| *Flatland, prairie, grassland*
## Footnote
English 5.0
An extensive area of flat or gently rolling land.
| *The plains stretched out as far as the eye could see.*
## Footnote
równina, nizina, płaskowyż, step
55
# Adjective
**Self-effacing**
| *Modest, unassuming, humble*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Not claiming attention for oneself; modest.
| *Her self-effacing manner endeared her to everyone.*
## Footnote
skromny, niepozorny, niepretensjonalny, nierzucający się w oczy
56
# Verb
**Efface**
| *Erase, obliterate, wipe out*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To erase or remove something as if by rubbing.
| *Time effaced the memories from his mind.*
## Footnote
zatrzeć, wymazać, usunąć, zlikwidować
57
# Adjective
**Tardy**
| *Late, delayed, overdue*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Delayed beyond the expected or proper time; late.
| *She apologized for being tardy.*
## Footnote
spóźniony, opóźniony, nieterminowy, zwlekający
58
# Adjective
**Contrite**
| *Remorseful, repentant, regretful*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Feeling or expressing remorse or penitence; affected by guilt.
| *His contrite apology seemed sincere.*
## Footnote
skruszony, żałujący, pokutujący, pełen skruchy
59
# Adjective
**Compliant**
| *Obedient, submissive, accommodating*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Inclined to agree with others or obey rules, especially to an excessive degree.
| *The company was compliant with the regulations.*
## Footnote
posłuszny, uległy, zgodny, podporządkowany
60
# Verb
**Relinquish**
| *Give up, surrender, abandon*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up.
| *He had to relinquish control of the project.*
## Footnote
zrzec się, odstąpić, zrezygnować, oddać
61
# Verb
**Kindle**
| *Ignite, spark, arouse*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To set alight or start to burn; to arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling).
| *His words kindled a sense of adventure in them.*
## Footnote
zapalić, rozbudzić, wzniecić, rozpalić
62
# Noun
**Tardiness**
| *Latency, delay, slowness*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The quality or fact of being late; lateness.
| *His tardiness was frowned upon at work.*
## Footnote
spóźnienie, opóźnienie, zwłoka, ociąganie się
63
# Adverb
**Woefully**
| *Regrettably, sadly, lamentably*
## Footnote
English 5.0
In a manner expressing sorrow or misery.
| *He was woefully unprepared for the exam.*
## Footnote
żałośnie, okropnie, smutno, boleśnie
64
# Noun
**Woe**
| *Sorrow, misery, distress*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Great sorrow or distress.
| *Tales of woe filled the room.*
## Footnote
nieszczęście, żałość, smutek, zmartwienie
65
# Noun
**Incentive**
| *Motivation, inducement, encouragement*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.
| *The bonus was an incentive to work harder.*
## Footnote
zachęta, motywacja, bodziec, impuls
66
# Verb
**Tear up**
| *Rip, shred, destroy*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To rip or shred something into pieces.
| *She tore up the letter in frustration.*
## Footnote
podrzeć, rozszarpać, zniszczyć, roztrzaskać
67
# Phrase
**Cut to the chase**
| *Get to the point, skip details, be direct*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To come to the point; to skip unnecessary preliminaries.
| *Let's cut to the chase - what's your final offer?*
## Footnote
przejść do sedna, ominąć zbędne szczegóły, mówić prosto z mostu, skupić się na istocie
68
# Phrase
**Be apt to**
| *Tend to, likely to, prone to*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To have a tendency to do something.
| *He's apt to forget his keys.*
## Footnote
mieć tendencję, być skłonnym, zazwyczaj, być skorym
69
# Adjective
**Pivotal**
| *Crucial, central, key*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
| *His discovery played a pivotal role in the research.*
## Footnote
kluczowy, centralny, zasadniczy, decydujący
70
# Noun
**Disdain**
| *Contempt, scorn, disrespect*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect.
| *She looked at him with disdain.*
## Footnote
pogarda, lekceważenie, niechęć, wzgarda
71
# Noun
**Harrumph**
| *Grumble, mutter, mumble*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A sound made to express doubt or displeasure.
| *He gave a harrumph when he heard the news.*
## Footnote
hę, hmpf, ochrypłe mruknięcie, niezadowolone chrząknięcie
72
# Noun
**Umbilical cord**
| *Birth cord, navel string, lifeline*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The flexible cord that connects a fetus to the placenta, conveying oxygen and nutrients.
| *The doctor cut the baby's umbilical cord.*
## Footnote
pępowina, sznur pępowinowy, łącznik, przewód
73
# Adjective (informal)
**Cross**
| *Angry, irritated, annoyed*
## Footnote
English 4.0
Feeling or showing annoyance or anger.
| *She was cross about the cancelled plans.*
## Footnote
zły, rozgniewany, rozdrażniony, poirytowany
74
# Noun
**Mortgage**
| *Loan, home loan, deed of trust*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A legal agreement by which a bank lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor's property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt.
| *They took out a mortgage to buy a house.*
## Footnote
hipoteka, kredyt hipoteczny, zastaw, pożyczka pod zastaw
75
# Verb
**Concretize**
| *Materialize, solidify, realize*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To make something concrete or specific.
| *Her plans began to concretize.*
## Footnote
skonkretyzować, ucieleśnić, zmaterializować, urzeczywistnić
76
# Verb (informal)
**Waddled up**
| *Shuffled, toddled, lumbered*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To walk with short steps and a swaying motion.
| *The duck waddled up to the pond.*
## Footnote
chwalić się, dreptać, wlec się, kuśtykać
77
# Phrase
**Take care that/to**
| *Ensure, make certain, be cautious*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To make sure or take steps to ensure that something happens or is the case.
| *Take care to lock the door when you leave.*
## Footnote
dbać, upewnić się, zatroszczyć się, być ostrożnym
78
# Adjective
**Cumbersome**
| *Burdensome, unwieldy, awkward*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use; unwieldy.
| *The package was cumbersome and hard to carry.*
## Footnote
nieporęczny, uciążliwy, ciężki, zawadliwy
79
# Noun
**Dunes**
| *Sand hills, mounds, ridges*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Hills of sand formed by the wind near the ocean or in a desert.
| *The dunes shifted with the wind.*
## Footnote
wydmy, piaski, pagórki, wzgórza
80
# Adjective
**Lucid**
| *Clear, coherent, understandable*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Expressed clearly; easy to understand.
| *His explanation was lucid and to the point.*
## Footnote
jasny, klarowny, zrozumiały, przystępny
81
# Noun
**Clutch**
| *Grip, grasp, hold*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A tight grip or hold.
| *She had a firm clutch on her purse.*
## Footnote
chwyt, uścisk, zacisk, uchwyt
82
# Verb
**Wriggle**
| *Squirm, twist, wriggle*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To twist and turn with quick writhing movements.
| *The baby wriggled in her arms.*
## Footnote
wić się, wiercić, skręcać się, wywijać
83
# Verb
**Trundle**
| *Roll, wheel, lumber*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To move or cause to move slowly and heavily, typically in a noisy or uneven way.
| *The cart trundled down the street.*
## Footnote
toczyć się, wlec się, turlać, stukotać
84
# Adverb
**Inexorably**
| *Unstoppably, relentlessly, inevitably*
## Footnote
English 5.0
In a way that is impossible to stop or prevent.
| *The days moved inexorably forward.*
## Footnote
nieuchronnie, nieubłaganie, nieodwołalnie, niezmiennie
85
# Verb
**Wading**
| *Paddling, walking in water, fording*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To walk through water or another liquid or soft substance.
| *Children were wading in the shallow water.*
## Footnote
brodzenie, wchodzenie do wody, przechodzenie przez wodę, brnięcie
86
# Verb
**Peck**
| *Nip, pick, bite*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To strike or bite something with a beak or similar pointed object.
| *The bird pecked at the window.*
## Footnote
dziobać, skubać, kłuć, bicie
87
# Adverb
**Onwards**
| *Forward, ahead, forth*
## Footnote
English 5.0
In a continuous or forward direction.
| *They marched onwards towards the city.*
## Footnote
dalej, naprzód, do przodu, w przód
88
# Verb
**Misform**
| *Deform, misshape, distort*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To form or shape wrongly or badly.
| *The statue was misformed during the casting process.*
## Footnote
zniekształcić, zepsuć, źle uformować, pokrzywić
89
# Verb
**Condemn**
| *Denounce, censure, criticize*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To express complete disapproval of; censure.
| *The court condemned his actions.*
## Footnote
potępić, skazać, krytykować, zganąć
90
# Noun
**Cessation**
| *End, halt, stop*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
| *The cessation of hostilities was a relief.*
## Footnote
przerwanie, zaprzestanie, ustanie, zawieszenie
91
# Noun
**Beak**
| *Bill, snout, rostrum*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The hard, pointed mouthpart of birds, some insects, and certain other animals.
| *The eagle's beak was sharp and strong.*
## Footnote
dziób, ptasi dziób, szczyt, nos
92
# Noun (specialized)
**Defusion**
| *De-escalation, dispersion, dissipation*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The process of reducing tension or dispersing something.
| *The defusion of the situation was her top priority.*
## Footnote
rozproszenie, złagodzenie, rozładowanie, rozdzielenie
93
# Verb
**Creak**
| *Squeak, groan, screech*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To make a sharp, harsh, grating, or squeaking sound.
| *The old door creaked as it opened.*
94
# Phrase
**Cross between**
| *Mixture, hybrid, combination*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A mix or hybrid of two different things, qualities, or types.
| *She's a cross between a scientist and an artist.*
## Footnote
mieszanka, hybryda, połączenie, krzyżówka
95
# Noun
**Dissertation**
| *Thesis, treatise, essay*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree or diploma.
| *His dissertation was on medieval literature.*
## Footnote
praca, rozprawa, dysertacja, esej
96
# Phrase
**Mixture of**
| *Combination, blend, assortment*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A combination of different things in which the components retain their individual characteristics.
| *The recipe called for a mixture of spices.*
## Footnote
mieszanka, połączenie, kompozycja, mix
97
# Phrase
**Exerts influence**
| *Wields power, impacts, affects*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To use power or ability to affect or sway someone or something.
| *The media exerts influence on public opinion.*
## Footnote
wywierać wpływ, oddziaływać, wpłynąć, działać
98
# Phrase
**Exercise authority/influence**
| *Wield power, assert control, exert influence*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To use or apply power, control, or influence.
| *She knows how to exercise authority effectively.*
## Footnote
stosować władzę, używać wpływu, egzekwować autorytet, wpływać
99
# Adjective (informal)
**Soused**
| *Drunk, intoxicated, inebriated*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Drunk or intoxicated.
| *After the party, he was completely soused.*
## Footnote
pijany, nawalony, podchmielony, zalany
100
# Noun
**Alimony**
| *Spousal support, maintenance, financial support*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A financial support paid to a spouse after separation or divorce.
| *He was required to pay alimony each month.*
## Footnote
alimenty, utrzymanie, wsparcie finansowe, zasiłek
101
# Adjective
**Blossoming**
| *Flowering, blooming, developing*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Beginning to develop or flourish.
| *Her talent in music is really blossoming.*
## Footnote
kwitnący, rozkwitający, rozwijający się, pączkujący
102
# Verb
**Brew**
| *Infuse, steep, concoct*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To make a beverage by steeping, boiling, and fermenting certain ingredients.
| *She brewed a fresh pot of coffee.*
## Footnote
warzyć, zaparzać, przyrządzać, fermentować
103
# Adjective
**Reciprocal**
| *Mutual, corresponding, complementary*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Given, felt, or done in return; bearing on or binding each of two parties equally.
| *They had a reciprocal agreement to help each other.*
## Footnote
wzajemny, obustronny, rewanżowy, odpowiedni
104
# Adjective
**Outright**
| *Complete, total, absolute*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Complete and total.
| *He won the race outright.*
## Footnote
bezpośredni, całkowity, absolutny, jednoznaczny
105
# Adjective
**Attitudinal**
| *Behavioral, psychological, mindset-related*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Relating to, based on, or expressing a person's attitude or personal stance.
| *Attitudinal changes are necessary for progress.*
## Footnote
związany z postawą, behawioralny, dotyczący nastawienia, psychologiczny
106
# Noun
**Boa constrictor**
| *Large snake, constrictor, serpent*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A large, heavy-bodied snake that kills its prey by constriction.
| *The boa constrictor wrapped itself around its prey.*
## Footnote
boa dusiciel, wąż dusiciel, boa, dusiciel
107
# ``Verb
**Relapse**
| *Regress, backslide, deteriorate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To fall back into a previous condition or mode of behavior.
| *She relapsed into her old habits.*
## Footnote
wznowienie, nawrót, powrót do stanu, regres
108
# Verb
**Reinstate**
| *Restore, return, reestablish*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.
| *The coach was reinstated after the investigation.*
## Footnote
przywrócić, powrócić, odnowić, reinstalować
109
# Noun
**Sabbatical**
| *Leave of absence, break, hiatus*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A period of paid leave granted to a university teacher or other worker for study or travel, traditionally every seventh year.
| *She's on a sabbatical to research her book.*
## Footnote
urlop naukowy, sabatyczny, przerwa, wakacje
110
# Noun
**Malady**
| *Disease, ailment, illness*
## Footnote
English 5.0
-Disease
-A problem within a system or organization
| A disease or ailment.
## Footnote
*An unknown malady afflicted the village.*
111
# Adjective
**Doctrinaire**
| *Dogmatic, inflexible, rigid*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Seeking to impose a doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations.
| *His doctrinaire approach to management caused issues.*
## Footnote
doktrynalny, sztywny, dogmatyczny, nieelastyczny
112
# Adjective (specialized)
**Operant**
| *Effective, functioning, working*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Relating to or denoting an operant condition or behavior.
| *Operant conditioning is a key concept in psychology.*
## Footnote
działający, operacyjny, skuteczny, funkcjonujący
113
# Noun
**Mediation**
| *Intervention, arbitration, negotiation*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it.
| *The conflict was resolved through mediation.*
## Footnote
mediacja, pośrednictwo, negocjacja, interwencja
114
# Phrase
**Promise land**
| *Utopia, ideal place, land of opportunity*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A place or situation where one expects to find great happiness or success.
| *They saw America as the promised land.*
## Footnote
ziemia obiecana, raj, miejsce szczęścia, wymarzony kraj
115
# Verb
**Marshal**
| *Organize, arrange, assemble*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To arrange or assemble (a group of people, especially troops) in order.
| *The general marshaled his forces for the attack.*
## Footnote
zorganizować, ustawić, zgromadzić, rozmieścić
116
# Adjective
**Divergent**
| *Different, varying, deviating*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Tending to be different or develop in different directions.
| *Their opinions were divergent on many topics.*
## Footnote
różny, odmienny, rozbieżny, zbieżny
117
# Verb
**Alter**
| *Change, modify, adjust*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To change or cause to change in character or composition.
| *Plans had to be altered at the last minute.*
## Footnote
zmieniać, modyfikować, przekształcać, dostosować
118
# Verb
**Enlist**
| *Join, sign up, recruit*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To enroll or be enrolled in the armed services.
| *He enlisted in the navy.*
## Footnote
zaciągnąć się, zwerbować, zarekrutować, wstąpić
119
# Verb
**Enroll**
| *Register, sign up, matriculate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To officially arrange to join a course, school, or group.
| *She enrolled in the university.*
## Footnote
zapisać się, zarejestrować, wstąpić, dołączyć
120
# Phrase
**Expand scope**
| *Broaden range, extend coverage, widen reach*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To increase the range of activities or areas that something affects or covers.
| *The company is looking to expand its scope into new markets.*
## Footnote
poszerzyć zakres, rozszerzyć działalność, zwiększyć zasięg, rozwinąć obszar
121
# Noun
**Locus**
| *Location, place, site*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A particular position, point, or place.
| *The locus of the meeting was the boardroom.*
## Footnote
miejsce, punkt, lokalizacja, centrum
122
# Verb
**Shift**
| *Move, change, transfer*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance.
| *She shifted her gaze to the window.*
## Footnote
zmienić, przesunąć, przestawić, przekierować
123
# Verb
**Grease**
| *Lubricate, oil, smear*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To apply grease or oil to something, especially to make it work smoothly.
| *He greased the wheels of the bicycle.*
## Footnote
smarować, natłuścić, oliwić, posmarować
124
# Verb
**Mitigate**
| *Lessen, alleviate, reduce*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To make less severe, serious, or painful.
| *Measures were taken to mitigate the effects of the disaster.*
## Footnote
łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabić, zredukować
125
# Verb
**Bolster**
| *Support, strengthen, reinforce*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To support or strengthen something.
| *She bolstered his confidence with her encouragement.*
## Footnote
wzmocnić, podpierać, poprzeć, umocnić
126
# Adverb
**Jubilantly**
| *Joyfully, exultantly, triumphantly*
## Footnote
English 5.0
In a manner that expresses great happiness or triumph.
| *The team celebrated jubilantly after their victory.*
## Footnote
radosny, triumfalny, z entuzjazmem, uroczyście
127
# Noun
**Spillover**
| *Overflow, repercussion, extension*
## Footnote
English 5.0
An instance of overflowing or spreading into another area.
| *The spillover effect of the crisis affected neighboring countries.*
## Footnote
rozlew, przelew, skutek uboczny, rozprzestrzenianie się
128
# Adjective
**Musty**
| *Moldy, stale, damp-smelling*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Having a stale, moldy, or damp smell.
| *The old house had a musty odor.*
## Footnote
stęchły, zapleśniały, przestarzały, zatęchły
129
# Adjective
**Bleary-eyed**
| *Sleepy, tired, groggy*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Having eyes that look very tired and watery.
| *He was bleary-eyed after studying all night.*
## Footnote
z zaczerwienionymi oczami, śpiący, zaspany, zmęczony
130
# Adjective
**Bleary**
| *Blurry, unclear, indistinct*
## Footnote
English 5.0
(Of vision) blurred; not clear.
| *His vision was bleary from lack of sleep.*
## Footnote
zamglony, rozmazany, niewyraźny, zaczerwieniony
131
# Adjective
**Ripe**
| *Mature, ready, full-grown*
## Footnote
English 5.0
(Fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating.
| *The apples were ripe and juicy.*
## Footnote
dojrzały, gotowy, pełny, soczysty
132
# Noun
**Impetus**
| *Motivation, stimulus, incentive*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The force or energy with which something moves.
| *The grant gave a new impetus to the project.*
## Footnote
impuls, bodziec, zachęta, motywacja
133
# Noun
**Avalanche**
| *Landslide, snowslide, cascade*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside.
| *The avalanche buried the mountain village.*
## Footnote
lawina, zsuwanie się, osuwisko, potok
134
# verb technical formal
**Ramify**
| *Branched, spread out, complex*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Spread or branched out into many sections.
| *The organization's influence has ramified over the years.*
## Footnote
rozgałęziony, rozprzestrzeniony, skomplikowany, rozszerzony
135
# Noun (specialized)
**Diffusion model**
| *Spread theory, dissemination pattern, expansion blueprint*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A theoretical model that explains how something is spread or communicated over time among the members of a social system.
| *The diffusion model helped explain the adoption of new technologies.*
## Footnote
model dyfuzji, wzór rozprzestrzeniania, schemat rozprzestrzeniania, model rozszerzania
136
# Adjective
**Vested**
| *Established, conferred, endowed*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Secured in the possession of or assigned to a person.
| *She had a vested interest in the company's success.*
## Footnote
nabyty, ustalony, zagwarantowany, przypisany
137
# Phrase
**Small/little wonder that**
| *Not surprising, understandable, expected*
## Footnote
English 5.0
It is not surprising or unusual.
| *It's little wonder that he's tired after the long journey.*
## Footnote
nic dziwnego, że, zrozumiałe, że, spodziewane, że, oczywiste, że
138
# Verb
**Prompt**
| *Encourage, stimulate, provoke*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To cause or bring about an action or feeling.
| *His remarks prompted a heated discussion.*
## Footnote
pobudzać, wywoływać, skłonić, zachęcać
139
# Adjective
**Utmost**
| *Greatest, maximum, supreme*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Most extreme; greatest.
| *She tried her utmost to complete the task on time.*
## Footnote
największy, maksymalny, najwyższy, skrajny
140
# Phrase
**Reflects bad on something**
| *Shows negatively, casts in poor light, indicates poorly*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To make something appear in a negative or unfavorable way.
| *His behavior reflects bad on the entire team.*
## Footnote
źle świadczy o, rzucać złe światło, wskazywać negatywnie, odzwierciedlać źle
141
# Phrase
**(Someone) modelled himself on (someone)**
| *Imitated, followed, emulated*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To imitate or try to emulate someone, typically a role model.
| *He modelled himself on his favorite basketball player.*
## Footnote
naśladować, wzorować się na, emulować, kopiować
142
# Verb
**Tire of**
| *Become bored with, grow weary of, lose interest in*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To lose interest or become bored with something or someone.
| *She quickly tired of the repetitive work.*
## Footnote
zmęczyć się, znudzić się, stracić zainteresowanie, mieć dość
143
# Phrase
**Loath to do something**
| *Unwilling, reluctant, hesitant*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Unwilling or reluctant to do something.
| *She was loath to admit her mistakes.*
## Footnote
niechętny, oporny, ociągający się, niechcący
144
# Adjective
**Wary of**
| *Cautious, suspicious, careful*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.
| *He was wary of strangers.*
## Footnote
ostrożny, przezorny, nieufny, czujny
145
# Noun
**Reversal**
| *Change, turnaround, flip*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A change to an opposite direction, position, or course of action.
| *The court ordered a reversal of the previous decision.*
## Footnote
odwrócenie, zmiana, cofnięcie, rewizja
146
# Noun
**Rehearsal**
| *Practice, run-through, preparation*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A practice or trial performance of a play or other work for later public performance.
| *The actors were busy with rehearsal.*
## Footnote
próba, ćwiczenie, przygotowanie, repetycja
147
# Verb
**Reckon**
| *Calculate, estimate, consider*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To calculate or conclude after consideration.
| *I reckon we'll arrive by 6 PM.*
## Footnote
liczyć, sądzić, przewidywać, szacować
148
# Adjective
**Sketchy**
| *Incomplete, rough, superficial*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Not thorough or detailed.
| *The details he gave were rather sketchy.*
## Footnote
pobieżny, szkicowy, niepełny, ogólnikowy
149
# Noun
**Mores**
| *Customs, traditions, norms*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a community.
| *The mores of the society were strict and traditional.*
## Footnote
obyczaje, normy, zwyczaje, tradycje
150
# Verb
**Contend**
| *Compete, argue, assert*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To struggle to surmount a difficulty or danger.
| *She had to contend with numerous obstacles.*
## Footnote
rywalizować, twierdzić, zmagać się, utrzymywać
151
# Verb
**Allege**
| *Claim, assert, accuse*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.
| *He alleged that the company had defrauded him.*
## Footnote
twierdzić, zarzucać, oskarżać, utrzymywać
152
# Noun
**Mishaps**
| *Accidents, misfortunes, incidents*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Unfortunate accidents or bad luck.
| *Several mishaps occurred during the trip.*
## Footnote
nieszczęścia, wypadki, niepowodzenia, wpadki
153
# Noun
**Premise**
| *Assumption, basis, proposition*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A statement or idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument.
| *The research was based on the premise that language shapes thought.*
## Footnote
założenie, przesłanka, podstawa, hipoteza
154
# Adverb
**Innocuously**
| *Harmlessly, safely, benignly*
## Footnote
English 5.0
In a manner not likely to irritate or offend; harmlessly.
| *He made an innocuous joke to lighten the mood.*
## Footnote
nieszkodliwie, niewinnie, łagodnie, bezpiecznie
155
# Noun
**Vicinity**
| *Proximity, neighborhood, area*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The area near or surrounding a particular place.
| *Several hotels are located in the vicinity of the airport.*
## Footnote
okolica, sąsiedztwo, pobliże, bliskość
156
# Noun
**Lineage**
| *Ancestry, heritage, descent*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
| *She traced her lineage back to royalty.*
## Footnote
rodowód, pochodzenie, linia rodowa, przodek
157
# Adjective
**Awry**
| *Amiss, wrong, askew*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Away from the appropriate, planned, or expected course; amiss.
| *His plans went awry.*
## Footnote
na opak, nie tak, krzywo, niepożądany
158
# Verb
**Harbor**
| *Shelter, hold, conceal*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one's mind, especially secretly.
| *She harbored resentment for years.*
## Footnote
ukrywać, żywić, schronić, przechowywać
159
# Verb
**Quench**
| *Extinguish, satisfy, douse*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To satisfy (thirst) by drinking; to extinguish (fire, flames, or thirst).
| *Water helped to quench his thirst.*
## Footnote
ugaszać, zaspokoić, stłumić, zadusić
160
# Adjective
**Firm**
| *Steadfast, resolute, strong*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure.
| *He was a firm believer in traditional values.*
## Footnote
twardy, pewny, stanowczy, nieugięty
161
# Adjective
**Arduous**
| *Difficult, hard, strenuous*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
| *The journey was arduous and exhausting.*
## Footnote
trudny, mozolny, wyczerpujący, ciężki
162
# Verb
**Nag**
| *Pester, badger, harass*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To annoy or irritate (a person) with persistent fault-finding or continuous urging.
| *She nagged him to clean his room.*
## Footnote
dręczyć, zrzędzić, narzekać, dokuczać
163
# Noun
**Tenet**
| *Principle, belief, doctrine*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy.
| *Non-violence is a central tenet of their faith.*
## Footnote
zasada, doktryna, dogmat, przekonanie
164
# Noun
**Anguish**
| *Pain, agony, distress*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
| *She felt anguish at the news of the tragedy.*
## Footnote
cierpienie, ból, udręka, rozpacz
165
# Noun
**Discrepancy**
| *Inconsistency, difference, divergence*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
| *There's a discrepancy between your account and his.*
## Footnote
rozbieżność, niezgodność, różnica, sprzeczność
166
# Noun
**Appraisal**
| *Assessment, evaluation, estimation*
## Footnote
English 5.0
The act of assessing someone or something.
| *Her performance received a positive appraisal.*
## Footnote
ocena, wycena, oszacowanie, analiza
167
# Verb
**Quaver**
| *Tremble, shake, quiver*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To shake or tremble in speaking, typically through nervousness or emotion.
| *Her voice quavered with fear.*
## Footnote
drżeć, trząść się, dygotać, falować
168
# Noun
**Temples**
| *Sides of the head, forehead sides, head flanks*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Each of the two sides of the head between the forehead and the ear.
| *He rubbed his temples to ease the headache.*
## Footnote
skronie, boki głowy, czoło, przestrzeń
169
# (of ideas, facts,Adjective
**Incipient**
| *Beginning, developing, emerging*
## Footnote
English 5.0
In an initial stage; beginning to happen or develop.
| *He could feel incipient anger building up.*
## Footnote
początkujący, rozwijający się, kiełkujący, zaczynający
170
# Adjective
**Irreconcilable**
| *Incompatible, conflicting, at odds*
## Footnote
English 5.0
(of ideas, facts, or statements) representing findings or points of view that are so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.
| *Their differences were irreconcilable.*
## Footnote
nie do pogodzenia, sprzeczny, niezgodny, konfliktowy
171
# Verb
**Thump**
| *Bang, hit, pound*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To hit or strike heavily, especially with the fist or a blunt implement.
| *He thumped the desk in frustration.*
## Footnote
uderzać, walić, pukać, łomotać
171
# Adjective
**Clunky**
| *Awkward, heavy, cumbersome*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Awkwardly solid, heavy, and outdated.
| *He wore some clunky old boots.*
## Footnote
nieporęczny, ciężki, toporny, niezdarny
172
# Verb
**Whisk**
| *Sweep, brush, stir rapidly*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To take or move (someone or something) somewhere suddenly and quickly.
| *She whisked the children off to bed.*
## Footnote
zamieszać, zmiatać, szybko poruszać, przemieszczać
172
# Adjective
**Impeccable**
| *Flawless, perfect, faultless*
## Footnote
English 5.0
In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.
| *Her taste in music is impeccable.*
## Footnote
nienaganny, bez zarzutu, doskonały, idealny
173
# Verb
**Smother**
| *Suffocate, stifle, suppress*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To kill (someone) by covering their nose and mouth so that they suffocate.
| *He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.*
## Footnote
dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać
174
# Noun
**Ashtray**
| *Receptacle, container, tray for ashes*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A receptacle for ash from cigarettes or cigars.
| *He flicked his ash into the ashtray.*
## Footnote
popielniczka, naczynie na popiół, pojemnik, tacka
175
# Noun
**Treaty**
| *Agreement, pact, accord*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.
| *The two countries signed a peace treaty.*
## Footnote
traktat, umowa, porozumienie, pakt
176
# Verb
**Scrounge**
| *Beg, forage, search*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To seek to obtain (something, typically food or money) at the expense or through the generosity of others or by stealth.
| *He scrounged a meal from his friend.*
## Footnote
żebrać, szukać, wygrzebywać, zdobywać
177
# Adjective
**Deliberate**
| *Intentional, calculated, planned*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Done consciously and intentionally.
| *It was a deliberate act of kindness.*
## Footnote
umyślny, celowy, przemyślany, rozważny
178
# Noun
**Manure**
| *Fertilizer, compost, dung*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Animal dung used for fertilizing land.
| *He spread manure over the fields.*
## Footnote
nawóz, obornik, gnojówka, kompost
179
# Noun
**Foray**
| *Raid, incursion, venture*
## Footnote
English 5.0
A sudden attack or incursion into enemy territory, especially to obtain something; a raid.
| *The company made a foray into the smartphone market.*
## Footnote
wypad, najazd, wyprawa, incydent
180
# Adjective (specialized)
**Counterphobic**
| *Defiant of fear, confronting fear, against fear*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Characterized by behavior that confronts fear instead of avoiding it.
| *His counterphobic actions were surprisingly bold.*
## Footnote
kontrfobiczny, przeciwdziałający fobii, stawiający czoła lękom, przeciwstrachowy
181
# Adjective
**Gallant**
| *Brave, courageous, valiant*
## Footnote
English 5.0
(Of a person or their behavior) brave; heroic.
| *He made a gallant effort to save her life.*
## Footnote
dzielny, odważny, waleczny, szarmancki
182
# Verb (past participle)
**Pigeon-holed**
| *Categorized, classified, compartmentalized*
## Footnote
English 5.0
To classify or categorize someone or something into a restrictive category or stereotype.
| *She felt pigeon-holed by her job title.*
## Footnote
zszufladkować, skategoryzować, podzielić, ująć w ramy
183
# Noun
**Wreath**
| *Garland, circlet, lei*
## Footnote
English 5.0
An arrangement of flowers, leaves, or stems fastened in a ring and used for decoration or for laying on a grave.
| *A wreath was laid at the memorial.*
## Footnote
wieniec, girlanda, wianek, przewiązka
184
# Adjective
**Irreconcilable**
| *Incompatible, conflicting, at odds*
## Footnote
English 5.0
(of ideas, facts, or statements) representing findings or points of view that are so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.
| z braku lepszego określenia, z braku lepszego słowa,*Their differences w
## Footnote
nie do pogodzenia, sprzeczny, niezgodny, konfliktowy
185
# Phrase
**For want of a term**
| *Lacking a better word, for lack of a better expression*
## Footnote
English 5.0
Used to indicate that one is using an unusual or makeshift term or expression because there is not a better one available.
| *He called it a "thingamajig," for want of a better term.*
## Footnote
z braku lepszego określenia, z braku lepszego słowa, dla braku lepszej nazwy, z braku lepszego terminu
186
In a state of confusion or disorder, often due to mistakes or mishaps.
| *The plans got fouled up due to miscommunication.*
## Footnote
zepsuty, zanieczyszczony, zrujnowany, pokręcony
# Adjective (informal)
**Fouled up**
| *Botched, messed up, bungled*
## Footnote
English 5.0
187
Currently holding a specified position.
| *The incumbent mayor faced tough competition.*
## Footnote
obecny, urzędujący, zajmujący stanowisko, sprawujący urząd
# Adjective
**Incumbent**
| *Current, present, sitting*
## Footnote
English 5.0
188
To run at a moderate pace with short steps.
| *She decided to trot to catch the bus.*
## Footnote
kłusować, biec truchtem, truchtać, pędzić
# Verb
**Trot**
| *Jog, canter, lope*
## Footnote
English 5.0
189
A metaphorical path leading to a hoped-for destination or condition.
| *He followed his own yellow brick road to success.*
## Footnote
żółta, brukowana droga, droga do sukcesu, ścieżka marzeń, trasa do celu
# Noun
**Yellow brick road**
| *Pathway, route, journey*
## Footnote
English 5.0
190
Inexperienced or underdeveloped, particularly in a profession or activity.
| *The fledgling actor landed his first role.*
## Footnote
początkujący, świeżo upieczony, niedoświadczony, nowicjusz
# Adjective
**Fledgling**
| *Beginner, novice, neophyte*
## Footnote
English 5.0
191
Nonsense or foolishness.
| *His excuse for being late was pure bunk.*
## Footnote
bzdura, nonsens, głupota, brednie
# Noun (informal)
**Bunk**
| *Nonsense, hogwash, balderdash*
## Footnote
English 5.0
192
A position giving a strategic advantage, commanding perspective, or comprehensive view.
| *From this vantage, the entire valley was visible.*
## Footnote
punkt widzenia, przewaga, korzystna pozycja, dogodne miejsce
# Noun
**Vantage**
| *Advantage, viewpoint, perspective*
## Footnote
English 5.0
193
To happen or take place.
| *How did this misunderstanding come about?*
## Footnote
zdarzyć się, nastąpić, wydarzyć się, pojawić się
# Phrasal Verb
**Come about**
| *Happen, occur, take place*
## Footnote
English 5.0
194
To fall suddenly, clumsily, or headlong.
| *He tumbled off the bed in his sleep.*
## Footnote
upadać, przewracać się, spadać, potykać się
# Verb
**Tumble**
| *Fall, topple, plummet*
## Footnote
English 5.0
195
To put something into a small space, especially to make it tidy.
| *She tucked the note into her pocket.*
## Footnote
wsuwać, chować, wtykać, zaginąć
# Verb
**Tuck**
| *Fold, insert, snug*
## Footnote
English 5.0
196
To bring to a conclusion or end.
| *The meeting finally wound up at midnight.*
## Footnote
zakończyć, skończyć, dokończyć, zwinąć
# Verb
**Wind up**
| *Conclude, finish, end up*
## Footnote
English 5.0
197
Having existed or continued for a long time.
| *Their long-standing friendship was admired by all.*
## Footnote
długotrwały, utrzymujący się długo, długoletni, trwały
# Adjective
**Long-standing**
| *Long-lasting, enduring, established*
## Footnote
English 5.0
198
Affection or liking for someone or something.
| *Her fondness for chocolate was well-known.*
## Footnote
przywiązanie, miłość, zamiłowanie, sympatia
# Noun
**Fondness**
| *Affection, liking, love*
## Footnote
English 5.0
199
A natural inclination or tendency to behave in a particular way.
| *He has a proclivity for dramatic entrances.*
## Footnote
skłonność, tendencja, predyspozycja, zamiłowanie
# Noun
**Proclivity**
| *Inclination, tendency, predisposition*
## Footnote
English 5.0
200
Feeling sorry for oneself; self-indulgent dwelling on one's own sorrows or misfortunes.
| *She wallowed in self-pity after the rejection.*
## Footnote
samożal, litość nad sobą, rozczulanie się nad sobą, autolitość
# Noun
**Self-pity**
| *Self-indulgence, self-sorrow, self-commiseration*
## Footnote
English 5.0
201
A soft white limestone used for writing on blackboards and in various industrial applications.
| *The teacher wrote the lesson on the blackboard with chalk.*
## Footnote
kreda, wapień, skała osadowa, minerał
# Noun
**Chalk**
| *Talc, gypsum, carbonate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
202
Being the best or most outstanding of its kind.
| *She is a pianist par excellence.*
## Footnote
doskonały, wybitny, znakomity, niezrównany
# Adjective
**Par excellence**
| *Outstanding, exemplary, superlative*
## Footnote
English 5.0
203
A complex of ideas, thoughts, and mental patterns related to cognitive processes.
| *His research focused on the cognitive constellation in decision-making.
## Footnote
konstelacja poznawcza, układ poznawczy, wzór myślenia, struktura umysłowa
# Noun (specialized)
**Cognitive constellation**
| *Mental framework, thought pattern, intellectual arrangement*
## Footnote
English 5.0
204
Firmly established and difficult to change.
| *His beliefs are deeply entrenched.*
## Footnote
zakorzeniony, utrwalony, głęboko zakorzeniony, niezmienny
# Adjective
**Entrenched**
| *Rooted, ingrained, established*
## Footnote
English 5.0
205
Feeling anger or annoyance.
* Feel bad due to injury
|* *He was sore about losing the game.*
## Footnote
obrażony, zły, rozgniewany, urażony
# Adjective (informal)
**Sore**
| *Upset, irritable, resentful*
## Footnote
English 5.0
206
To waste or ruin an opportunity or chance.
| *He blew his chances at the interview.*
## Footnote
zmarnować, zaprzepaścić, zrujnować, przekreślić
# Phrasal Verb
**Blow something**
| *Waste, squander, ruin*
## Footnote
English 5.0
207
To withdraw or retreat from a position or stance.
| *She refused to back down in the argument.*
## Footnote
ustąpić, wycofać się, dać za wygraną, poddać się
# Phrasal Verb
**Back down**
| *Retreat, yield, give in*
## Footnote
English 5.0
208
A confused or disorderly mixture of various things.
| *His essay was a hodge-podge of ideas.*
## Footnote
mieszanina, miszmasz, bałagan, gąszcz
# Noun (informal)
**Hodge-podge**
| *Mishmash, jumble, medley*
## Footnote
English 5.0
209
Causing dislike or aversion; unpleasant.
| *The joke he told was quite distasteful.*
## Footnote
nieprzyjemny, odrażający, niesmaczny, nie do przyjęcia
# Adjective
**Distasteful**
| *Unpleasant, disagreeable, offensive*
## Footnote
English 5.0
210
To become apparent or come into view.
| *A dolphin emerged from the water.*
## Footnote
wynurzyć się, pojawić się, ukazać się, wyłonić się
# Verb
**Emerge**
| *Appear, surface, come out*
## Footnote
English 5.0
211
To regard with deep affection or attachment.
| *She holds her family memories dear.*
## Footnote
cenić, pielęgnować, hołdować, miłować
# Phrase
**To hold dear**
| *Cherish, treasure, value*
## Footnote
English 5.0
212
Beginning to develop or showing signs of future potential.
| *A budding artist, her talent was unmistakable.*
## Footnote
początkujący, rozwijający się, w zarodku, obiecujący
# Adjective
**Budding**
| *Emerging, developing, nascent*
## Footnote
English 5.0
213
Showing respectful submission or yielding to the judgment, opinion, or will of another.
| *His tone was deferential to his superior.*
## Footnote
pełen szacunku, uległy, respektujący, pokorny
# Adjective
**Deferential**
| *Respectful, reverential, considerate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
214
Having been walked on or stepped on frequently.
| *The well-trodden path led to the lake.*
## Footnote
uczęszczany, wydeptany, zdeptany, wyślizgany
# Adjective
**Trodden**
| *Walked on, trampled, stepped on*
## Footnote
English 5.0
215
To cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly.
| *Her resignation precipitated a crisis.*
## Footnote
przyspieszać, wywoływać, spowodować, zainicjować
# Verb
**Precipitate**
| *Hasten, trigger, cause*
## Footnote
English 5.0
216
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
| *She is a preeminent figure in contemporary art.*
## Footnote
wybitny, wiodący, niezrównany, znakomity
# Adjective
**Preeminent**
| *Leading, foremost, outstanding*
## Footnote
English 5.0
217
To suppose something is true without having evidence to confirm it.
| *He surmised that she was late.*
## Footnote
przypuszczać, domyślać się, zgadywać, wnioskować
# Verb
**Surmise**
| *Conjecture, guess, infer*
## Footnote
English 5.0
218
To make or become firm or solid.
| *The plans began to solidify.*
## Footnote
utwardzać, zastygać, konsolidować, umacniać
# Verb
**Solidify**
| *Harden, congeal, firm up*
## Footnote
English 5.0
219
Slight knowledge or suspicion; a hint.
| *He had inklings of the truth.*
## Footnote
podejrzenia, przypuszczenia, domysły, ślady
# Noun
**Inklings**
| *Hints, suggestions, clues*
## Footnote
English 5.0
220
A bruise around the eye resulting from an injury.
| *He got a black eye during the match.*
## Footnote
podbite oko, siniak, stłuczenie, sińce
# Noun (informal)
**Black eye**
| *Shiner, bruise, discoloration*
## Footnote
English 5.0
221
To cause to become widely known or spread.
| *The idea quickly circulated among the group.*
## Footnote
rozpowszechniać, krążyć, obiegać, rozprzestrzeniać się
# Verb
**Circulate**
| *Spread, disseminate, propagate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
222
Potatoes that have been boiled and crushed into a soft, creamy consistency.
| *She served mashed potatoes with the roast.*
## Footnote
puree ziemniaczane, tłuczone ziemniaki, zmiażdżone ziemniaki, ugniecione ziemniaki
# Noun
**Mashed potatoes**
| *Pureed, whipped, creamy potatoes*
## Footnote
English 5.0
223
Behaving or considered to be acting more important than is warranted.
| *His jumped-up attitude irritated his colleagues.*
## Footnote
nadęty, pretensjonalny, zarozumiały, pełen zadęcia
# Adjective (informal)
**Jumped up**
| *Pretentious, self-important, overbearing*
## Footnote
English 5.0
224
To attack or scold someone vigorously.
| *When he got home, his mom let him have it for being late.*
## Footnote
dać komuś popalić, dać komuś w kość, zbesztać, zaatakować
# Phrase
**Let someone have it**
| *Attack, scold, reprimand*
## Footnote
English 5.0
225
Prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important.
| *He was subservient to his boss.*
## Footnote
poddany, służalczy, uległy, drugorzędny
# Adjective
**Subservient**
| *Subordinate, submissive, secondary*
## Footnote
English 5.0
226
A particular point in events or time.
| *At this critical juncture, every decision counts.*
## Footnote
moment, punkt zwrotny, połączenie, przecięcie
# Noun
**Juncture**
| *Conjunction, intersection, point*
## Footnote
English 5.0
227
To put someone or something into a situation where there is a risk of loss, harm, or failure.
| *His actions jeopardize the whole project.*
## Footnote
zagrozić, narażać, ryzykować, zagrażać
# Verb
**Jeopardize**
| *Endanger, risk, threaten*
## Footnote
English 5.0
228
A means by which something is released or expressed.
| *Painting was an emotional outlet for him.*
## Footnote
ujście, kanał, sposób na wyrażenie, środek wyrazu
# Noun
**Outlet**
| *Vent, channel, means of expression*
## Footnote
English 5.0
229
To make less severe, serious, or painful.
| *Measures were taken to mitigate the environmental impact.*
## Footnote
łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabiać, redukować
# Verb
**Mitigate**
| *Alleviate, lessen, reduce*
## Footnote
English 5.0
230
# Verb
* prevent development
* kill by covering face (pillow)
* stop fire by engulfing it
* feel bad because your partner is too needy
| *He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.*
## Footnote
dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać
# Verb
**Smother**
| *Suffocate, stifle, suppress*
## Footnote
English 5.0
231
A seat without a back or arms, typically resting on three or four legs or on a single pedestal.
| *He sat on the stool at the bar.*
## Footnote
taboret, stołek, siedzenie, podnóżek
# Noun
**Stool**
| *Seat, bench, footrest*
## Footnote
English 5.0
232
Into a position of prominence or importance.
| *New leaders came to the fore in the community.*
## Footnote
na czoło, na pierwszy plan, do przodu, na prowadzenie
# Phrase
**To the fore**
| *In the front, prominent, ahead*
## Footnote
English 5.0
233
Having no luck; unfortunate.
| *The hapless travelers lost their map.*
## Footnote
nieszczęśliwy, pechowy, niefortunny, nieszczęsny
# Adjective
**Hapless**
| *Unfortunate, unlucky, ill-fated*
## Footnote
English 5.0
234
In low spirits from loss of hope or courage.
| *He became despondent after his application was rejected.*
## Footnote
przygnębiony, zniechęcony, bez nadziei, smutny
# Adjective
**Despondent**
| *Depressed, downhearted, disheartened*
## Footnote
English 5.0
235
To come to a secret understanding for a harmful purpose; conspire.
| *The companies were found to collude to fix prices.*
## Footnote
koludować, spiskować, zmawiać się, współdziałać
# Verb
**Collude**
| *Conspire, plot, connive*
## Footnote
English 5.0
236
Sad and depressed; dispirited.
| *He looked dejected after the defeat.*
## Footnote
przybity, przygnębiony, zniechęcony, smutny
# Adjective
**Dejected**
| *Downcast, dispirited, discouraged*
## Footnote
English 5.0
237
A hospital department where patients are admitted for overnight stay and treatment.
| *He was admitted to the inpatient unit for observation.*
## Footnote
oddział szpitalny, oddział stacjonarny, jednostka hospitalizacyjna, oddział dla pacjentów
# Noun
**Inpatient unit**
| *Hospital ward, treatment center, care facility*
## Footnote
English 5.0
238
An extensive area of flat or gently rolling land.
| *The plains stretched out as far as the eye could see.*
## Footnote
równina, nizina, płaskowyż, step
# Noun
**Plain**
| *Flatland, prairie, grassland*
## Footnote
English 5.0
239
Not claiming attention for oneself; modest.
| *Her self-effacing manner endeared her to everyone.*
## Footnote
skromny, niepozorny, niepretensjonalny, nierzucający się w oczy
# Adjective
**Self-effacing**
| *Modest, unassuming, humble*
## Footnote
English 5.0
240
To erase or remove something as if by rubbing.
| *Time effaced the memories from his mind.*
## Footnote
zatrzeć, wymazać, usunąć, zlikwidować
# Verb
**Efface**
| *Erase, obliterate, wipe out*
## Footnote
English 5.0
241
Delayed beyond the expected or proper time; late.
| *She apologized for being tardy.*
## Footnote
spóźniony, opóźniony, nieterminowy, zwlekający
# Adjective
**Tardy**
| *Late, delayed, overdue*
## Footnote
English 5.0
242
Feeling or expressing remorse or penitence; affected by guilt.
| *His contrite apology seemed sincere.*
## Footnote
skruszony, żałujący, pokutujący, pełen skruchy
# Adjective
**Contrite**
| *Remorseful, repentant, regretful*
## Footnote
English 5.0
243
Inclined to agree with others or obey rules, especially to an excessive degree.
| *The company was compliant with the regulations.*
## Footnote
posłuszny, uległy, zgodny, podporządkowany
# Adjective
**Compliant**
| *Obedient, submissive, accommodating*
## Footnote
English 5.0
244
To voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up.
| *He had to relinquish control of the project.*
## Footnote
zrzec się, odstąpić, zrezygnować, oddać
# Verb
**Relinquish**
| *Give up, surrender, abandon*
## Footnote
English 5.0
245
To set alight or start to burn; to arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling).
| *His words kindled a sense of adventure in them.*
## Footnote
zapalić, rozbudzić, wzniecić, rozpalić
# Verb
**Kindle**
| *Ignite, spark, arouse*
## Footnote
English 5.0
246
The quality or fact of being late; lateness.
| *His tardiness was frowned upon at work.*
## Footnote
spóźnienie, opóźnienie, zwłoka, ociąganie się
# Noun
**Tardiness**
| *Latency, delay, slowness*
## Footnote
English 5.0
247
In a manner expressing sorrow or misery.
| *He was woefully unprepared for the exam.*
## Footnote
żałośnie, okropnie, smutno, boleśnie
# Adverb
**Woefully**
| *Regrettably, sadly, lamentably*
## Footnote
English 5.0
248
Great sorrow or distress.
| *Tales of woe filled the room.*
## Footnote
nieszczęście, żałość, smutek, zmartwienie
# Noun
**Woe**
| *Sorrow, misery, distress*
## Footnote
English 5.0
249
A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.
| *The bonus was an incentive to work harder.*
## Footnote
zachęta, motywacja, bodziec, impuls
# Noun
**Incentive**
| *Motivation, inducement, encouragement*
## Footnote
English 5.0
250
To rip or shred something into pieces.
| *She tore up the letter in frustration.*
## Footnote
podrzeć, rozszarpać, zniszczyć, roztrzaskać
# Verb
**Tear up**
| *Rip, shred, destroy*
## Footnote
English 5.0
251
To come to the point; to skip unnecessary preliminaries.
| *Let's cut to the chase - what's your final offer?*
## Footnote
przejść do sedna, ominąć zbędne szczegóły, mówić prosto z mostu, skupić się na istocie
# Phrase
**Cut to the chase**
| *Get to the point, skip details, be direct*
## Footnote
English 5.0
252
To have a tendency to do something.
| *He's apt to forget his keys.*
## Footnote
mieć tendencję, być skłonnym, zazwyczaj, być skorym
# Phrase
**Be apt to**
| *Tend to, likely to, prone to*
## Footnote
English 5.0
253
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
| *His discovery played a pivotal role in the research.*
## Footnote
kluczowy, centralny, zasadniczy, decydujący
# Adjective
**Pivotal**
| *Crucial, central, key*
## Footnote
English 5.0
254
The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect.
| *She looked at him with disdain.*
## Footnote
pogarda, lekceważenie, niechęć, wzgarda
# Noun
**Disdain**
| *Contempt, scorn, disrespect*
## Footnote
English 5.0
255
A sound made to express doubt or displeasure.
| *He gave a harrumph when he heard the news.*
## Footnote
hę, hmpf, ochrypłe mruknięcie, niezadowolone chrząknięcie
# Noun
**Harrumph**
| *Grumble, mutter, mumble*
## Footnote
English 5.0
256
The flexible cord that connects a fetus to the placenta, conveying oxygen and nutrients.
| *The doctor cut the baby's umbilical cord.*
## Footnote
pępowina, sznur pępowinowy, łącznik, przewód
# Noun
**Umbilical cord**
| *Birth cord, navel string, lifeline*
## Footnote
English 5.0
257
Feeling or showing annoyance or anger.
| *She was cross about the cancelled plans.*
## Footnote
zły, rozgniewany, rozdrażniony, poirytowany
# Adjective (informal)
**Cross**
| *Angry, irritated, annoyed*
## Footnote
English 4.0
258
A legal agreement by which a bank lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor's property, with the condition that the conveyance of title becomes void upon the payment of the debt.
| *They took out a mortgage to buy a house.*
## Footnote
hipoteka, kredyt hipoteczny, zastaw, pożyczka pod zastaw
# Noun
**Mortgage**
| *Loan, home loan, deed of trust*
## Footnote
English 5.0
259
To make something concrete or specific.
| *Her plans began to concretize.*
## Footnote
skonkretyzować, ucieleśnić, zmaterializować, urzeczywistnić
# Verb
**Concretize**
| *Materialize, solidify, realize*
## Footnote
English 5.0
260
To walk with short steps and a swaying motion.
| *The duck waddled up to the pond.*
## Footnote
chwalić się, dreptać, wlec się, kuśtykać
# Verb (informal)
**Waddled up**
| *Shuffled, toddled, lumbered*
## Footnote
English 5.0
261
To make sure or take steps to ensure that something happens or is the case.
| *Take care to lock the door when you leave.*
## Footnote
dbać, upewnić się, zatroszczyć się, być ostrożnym
# Phrase
**Take care that/to**
| *Ensure, make certain, be cautious*
## Footnote
English 5.0
262
Large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use; unwieldy.
| *The package was cumbersome and hard to carry.*
## Footnote
nieporęczny, uciążliwy, ciężki, zawadliwy
# Adjective
**Cumbersome**
| *Burdensome, unwieldy, awkward*
## Footnote
English 5.0
263
Hills of sand formed by the wind near the ocean or in a desert.
| *The dunes shifted with the wind.*
## Footnote
wydmy, piaski, pagórki, wzgórza
# Noun
**Dunes**
| *Sand hills, mounds, ridges*
## Footnote
English 5.0
264
Expressed clearly; easy to understand.
| *His explanation was lucid and to the point.*
## Footnote
jasny, klarowny, zrozumiały, przystępny
# Adjective
**Lucid**
| *Clear, coherent, understandable*
## Footnote
English 5.0
265
A tight grip or hold.
| *She had a firm clutch on her purse.*
## Footnote
chwyt, uścisk, zacisk, uchwyt
# Noun
**Clutch**
| *Grip, grasp, hold*
## Footnote
English 5.0
266
To twist and turn with quick writhing movements.
| *The baby wriggled in her arms.*
## Footnote
wić się, wiercić, skręcać się, wywijać
# Verb
**Wriggle**
| *Squirm, twist, wriggle*
## Footnote
English 5.0
267
To move or cause to move slowly and heavily, typically in a noisy or uneven way.
| *The cart trundled down the street.*
## Footnote
toczyć się, wlec się, turlać, stukotać
# Verb
**Trundle**
| *Roll, wheel, lumber*
## Footnote
English 5.0
268
In a way that is impossible to stop or prevent.
| *The days moved inexorably forward.*
## Footnote
nieuchronnie, nieubłaganie, nieodwołalnie, niezmiennie
# Adverb
**Inexorably**
| *Unstoppably, relentlessly, inevitably*
## Footnote
English 5.0
269
* To walk through water or another liquid or soft substance.
* or to read, learn obfuscated material
| *Children were wading in the shallow water.*
## Footnote
brodzić,ale też przebrnąć
# Verb
**Wade**
| *Paddling, walking in water, fording*
## Footnote
English 5.0
270
To strike or bite something with a beak or similar pointed object.
| *The bird pecked at the window.*
## Footnote
dziobać, skubać, kłuć, bicie
# Verb
**Peck**
| *Nip, pick, bite*
## Footnote
English 5.0
271
In a continuous or forward direction.
| *They marched onwards towards the city.*
## Footnote
dalej, naprzód, do przodu, w przód
# Adverb
**Onwards**
| *Forward, ahead, forth*
## Footnote
English 5.0
272
To form or shape wrongly or badly.
| *The statue was misformed during the casting process.*
## Footnote
zniekształcić, zepsuć, źle uformować, pokrzywić
# Verb
**Misform**
| *Deform, misshape, distort*
## Footnote
English 5.0
273
To express complete disapproval of; censure.
| *The court condemned his actions.*
## Footnote
potępić, skazać, krytykować, zganąć
# Verb
**Condemn**
| *Denounce, censure, criticize*
## Footnote
English 5.0
274
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
| *The cessation of hostilities was a relief.*
## Footnote
przerwanie, zaprzestanie, ustanie, zawieszenie
# Noun
**Cessation**
| *End, halt, stop*
## Footnote
English 5.0
275
The hard, pointed mouthpart of birds, some insects, and certain other animals.
| *The eagle's beak was sharp and strong.*
## Footnote
dziób, ptasi dziób, szczyt, nos
# Noun
**Beak**
| *Bill, snout, rostrum*
## Footnote
English 5.0
276
The process of reducing tension or dispersing something.
| *The defusion of the situation was her top priority.*
## Footnote
rozproszenie, złagodzenie, rozładowanie, rozdzielenie
# Noun (specialized)
**Defusion**
| *De-escalation, dispersion, dissipation*
## Footnote
English 5.0
277
To make a sharp, harsh, grating, or squeaking sound.
| *The old door creaked as it opened.*
# Verb
**Creak**
| *Squeak, groan, screech*
## Footnote
English 5.0
278
A mix or hybrid of two different things, qualities, or types.
X
| *She's a cross between a scientist and an artist.*
## Footnote
mieszanka, hybryda, połączenie, krzyżówka
# Phrase
**Cross between**
| *Mixture, hybrid, combination*
## Footnote
English 5.0
279
A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree or diploma.
| *His dissertation was on medieval literature.*
## Footnote
praca, rozprawa, dysertacja, esej
# Noun
**Dissertation**
| *Thesis, treatise, essay*
## Footnote
English 5.0
280
A combination of different things in which the components retain their individual characteristics.
| *The recipe called for a mixture of spices.*
## Footnote
mieszanka, połączenie, kompozycja, mix
# Phrase
**Mixture of**
| *Combination, blend, assortment*
## Footnote
English 5.0
281
To use power or ability to affect or sway someone or something.
| *The media exerts influence on public opinion.*
## Footnote
wywierać wpływ, oddziaływać, wpłynąć, działać
# Phrase
**Exerts influence**
| *Wields power, impacts, affects*
## Footnote
English 5.0
282
To use or apply power, control, or influence.
| *She knows how to exercise authority effectively.*
## Footnote
stosować władzę, używać wpływu, egzekwować autorytet, wpływać
# Phrase
**Exercise authority/influence**
| *Wield power, assert control, exert influence*
## Footnote
English 5.0
283
Drunk or intoxicated.
| *After the party, he was completely soused.*
## Footnote
pijany, nawalony, podchmielony, zalany
# Adjective (informal)
**Soused**
| *Drunk, intoxicated, inebriated*
## Footnote
English 5.0
284
A financial support paid to a spouse after separation or divorce.
| *He was required to pay alimony each month.*
## Footnote
alimenty, utrzymanie, wsparcie finansowe, zasiłek
# Noun
**Alimony**
| *Spousal support, maintenance, financial support*
## Footnote
English 5.0
285
Beginning to develop or flourish.
| *Her talent in music is really blossoming.*
## Footnote
kwitnący, rozkwitający, rozwijający się, pączkujący
# Adjective
**Blossoming**
| *Flowering, blooming, developing*
## Footnote
English 5.0
286
To make a beverage by steeping, boiling, and fermenting certain ingredients.
| *She brewed a fresh pot of coffee.*
## Footnote
warzyć, zaparzać, przyrządzać, fermentować
# Verb
**Brew**
| *Infuse, steep, concoct*
## Footnote
English 5.0
287
Given, felt, or done in return; bearing on or binding each of two parties equally.
| *They had a reciprocal agreement to help each other.*
## Footnote
wzajemny, obustronny, rewanżowy, odpowiedni
# Adjective
**Reciprocal**
| *Mutual, corresponding, complementary*
## Footnote
English 5.0
288
Complete and total.
| *He won the race outright.*
## Footnote
bezpośredni, całkowity, absolutny, jednoznaczny
# Adjective
**Outright**
| *Complete, total, absolute*
## Footnote
English 5.0
289
Relating to, based on, or expressing a person's attitude or personal stance.
| *Attitudinal changes are necessary for progress.*
## Footnote
związany z postawą, behawioralny, dotyczący nastawienia, psychologiczny
# Adjective
**Attitudinal**
| *Behavioral, psychological, mindset-related*
## Footnote
English 5.0
290
A large, heavy-bodied snake that kills its prey by constriction.
| *The boa constrictor wrapped itself around its prey.*
## Footnote
boa dusiciel, wąż dusiciel, boa, dusiciel
# Noun
**Boa constrictor**
| *Large snake, constrictor, serpent*
## Footnote
English 5.0
291
To fall back into a previous condition or mode of behavior.
| *She relapsed into her old habits.*
## Footnote
wznowienie, nawrót, powrót do stanu, regres
# ``Verb
**Relapse**
| *Regress, backslide, deteriorate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
292
To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.
| *The coach was reinstated after the investigation.*
## Footnote
przywrócić, powrócić, odnowić, reinstalować
# Verb
**Reinstate**
| *Restore, return, reestablish*
## Footnote
English 5.0
293
A period of paid leave granted to a university teacher or other worker for study or travel, traditionally every seventh year.
| *She's on a sabbatical to research her book.*
## Footnote
urlop naukowy, sabatyczny, przerwa, wakacje
# Noun
**Sabbatical**
| *Leave of absence, break, hiatus*
## Footnote
English 5.0
294
-Disease
-A problem within a system or organization
| A disease or ailment.
## Footnote
*An unknown malady afflicted the village.*
# Noun
**Malady**
| *Disease, ailment, illness*
## Footnote
English 5.0
295
Seeking to impose a doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations.
| *His doctrinaire approach to management caused issues.*
## Footnote
doktrynalny, sztywny, dogmatyczny, nieelastyczny
# Adjective
**Doctrinaire**
| *Dogmatic, inflexible, rigid*
## Footnote
English 5.0
296
Relating to or denoting an operant condition or behavior.
| *Operant conditioning is a key concept in psychology.*
## Footnote
działający, operacyjny, skuteczny, funkcjonujący
# Adjective (specialized)
**Operant**
| *Effective, functioning, working*
## Footnote
English 5.0
297
Intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it.
| *The conflict was resolved through mediation.*
## Footnote
mediacja, pośrednictwo, negocjacja, interwencja
# Noun
**Mediation**
| *Intervention, arbitration, negotiation*
## Footnote
English 5.0
298
A place or situation where one expects to find great happiness or success.
| *They saw America as the promised land.*
## Footnote
ziemia obiecana, raj, miejsce szczęścia, wymarzony kraj
# Phrase
**Promise land**
| *Utopia, ideal place, land of opportunity*
## Footnote
English 5.0
299
To arrange or assemble (a group of people, especially troops) in order.
| *The general marshaled his forces for the attack.*
## Footnote
zorganizować, ustawić, zgromadzić, rozmieścić
# Verb
**Marshal**
| *Organize, arrange, assemble*
## Footnote
English 5.0
300
Tending to be different or develop in different directions.
| *Their opinions were divergent on many topics.*
## Footnote
różny, odmienny, rozbieżny, zbieżny
# Adjective
**Divergent**
| *Different, varying, deviating*
## Footnote
English 5.0
301
To change or cause to change in character or composition.
| *Plans had to be altered at the last minute.*
## Footnote
zmieniać, modyfikować, przekształcać, dostosować
# Verb
**Alter**
| *Change, modify, adjust*
## Footnote
English 5.0
302
To enroll or be enrolled in the armed services.
| *He enlisted in the navy.*
## Footnote
zaciągnąć się, zwerbować, zarekrutować, wstąpić
# Verb
**Enlist**
| *Join, sign up, recruit*
## Footnote
English 5.0
303
To officially arrange to join a course, school, or group.
| *She enrolled in the university.*
## Footnote
zapisać się, zarejestrować, wstąpić, dołączyć
# Verb
**Enroll**
| *Register, sign up, matriculate*
## Footnote
English 5.0
304
To increase the range of activities or areas that something affects or covers.
| *The company is looking to expand its scope into new markets.*
## Footnote
poszerzyć zakres, rozszerzyć działalność, zwiększyć zasięg, rozwinąć obszar
# Phrase
**Expand scope**
| *Broaden range, extend coverage, widen reach*
## Footnote
English 5.0
305
A particular position, point, or place.
| *The locus of the meeting was the boardroom.*
## Footnote
miejsce, punkt, lokalizacja, centrum
# Noun
**Locus**
| *Location, place, site*
## Footnote
English 5.0
306
To move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance.
| *She shifted her gaze to the window.*
## Footnote
zmienić, przesunąć, przestawić, przekierować
# Verb
**Shift**
| *Move, change, transfer*
## Footnote
English 5.0
307
To apply oil to something, especially to make it work smoothly.
| *He greased the wheels of the bicycle.*
## Footnote
smarować, natłuścić, oliwić, posmarować
# Verb
**Grease**
| *Lubricate, oil, smear*
## Footnote
English 5.0
308
To make less severe, serious, or painful.
| *Measures were taken to mitigate the effects of the disaster.*
## Footnote
łagodzić, zmniejszać, osłabić, zredukować
# Verb
**Mitigate**
| *Lessen, alleviate, reduce*
## Footnote
English 5.0
309
To support or strengthen something.
| *She bolstered his confidence with her encouragement.*
## Footnote
wzmocnić, podpierać, poprzeć, umocnić
# Verb
**Bolster**
| *Support, strengthen, reinforce*
## Footnote
English 5.0
310
In a manner that expresses great happiness or triumph.
| *The team celebrated jubilantly after their victory.*
## Footnote
radosny, triumfalny, z entuzjazmem, uroczyście
# Adverb
**Jubilantly**
| *Joyfully, exultantly, triumphantly*
## Footnote
English 5.0
311
An instance of overflowing or spreading into another area.
| *The spillover effect of the crisis affected neighboring countries.*
## Footnote
rozlew, przelew, skutek uboczny, rozprzestrzenianie się
# Noun
**Spillover**
| *Overflow, repercussion, extension*
## Footnote
English 5.0
312
Having a stale, moldy, or damp smell.
| *The old house had a musty odor.*
## Footnote
stęchły, zapleśniały, przestarzały, zatęchły
# Adjective
**Musty**
| *Moldy, stale, damp-smelling*
## Footnote
English 5.0
313
Having eyes that look very tired and watery.
| *He was bleary-eyed after studying all night.*
## Footnote
z zaczerwienionymi oczami, śpiący, zaspany, zmęczony
# Adjective
**Bleary-eyed**
| *Sleepy, tired, groggy*
## Footnote
English 5.0
314
(Of vision) blurred; not clear.
| *His vision was bleary from lack of sleep.*
## Footnote
zamglony, rozmazany, niewyraźny, zaczerwieniony
# Adjective
**Bleary**
| *Blurry, unclear, indistinct*
## Footnote
English 5.0
315
(Fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating.
| *The apples were ripe and juicy.*
## Footnote
dojrzały, gotowy, pełny, soczysty
# Adjective
**Ripe**
| *Mature, ready, full-grown*
## Footnote
English 5.0
316
The force or energy with which something moves.
| *The grant gave a new impetus to the project.*
## Footnote
impuls, bodziec, zachęta, motywacja
# Noun
**Impetus**
| *Motivation, stimulus, incentive*
## Footnote
English 5.0
317
A mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside.
| *The avalanche buried the mountain village.*
## Footnote
lawina, zsuwanie się, osuwisko, potok
# Noun
**Avalanche**
| *Landslide, snowslide, cascade*
## Footnote
English 5.0
318
Spread or branched out into many sections.
| *The organization's influence has ramified over the years.*
## Footnote
rozgałęziony, rozprzestrzeniony, skomplikowany, rozszerzony
# Adjective
**Ramified**
| *Branched, spread out, complex*
## Footnote
English 5.0
319
A theoretical model that explains how something is spread or communicated over time among the members of a social system.
| *The diffusion model helped explain the adoption of new technologies.*
## Footnote
model dyfuzji, wzór rozprzestrzeniania, schemat rozprzestrzeniania, model rozszerzania
# Noun (specialized)
**Diffusion model**
| *Spread theory, dissemination pattern, expansion blueprint*
## Footnote
English 5.0
320
Secured in the possession of or assigned to a person.
| *She had a vested interest in the company's success.*
## Footnote
nabyty, ustalony, zagwarantowany, przypisany
# Adjective
**Vested**
| *Established, conferred, endowed*
## Footnote
English 5.0
321
It is not surprising or unusual.
| *It's little wonder that he's tired after the long journey.*
## Footnote
nic dziwnego, że, zrozumiałe, że, spodziewane, że, oczywiste, że
# Phrase
**Small/little wonder that**
| *Not surprising, understandable, expected*
## Footnote
English 5.0
322
To cause or bring about an action or feeling.
| *His remarks prompted a heated discussion.*
## Footnote
pobudzać, wywoływać, skłonić, zachęcać
# Verb
**Prompt**
| *Encourage, stimulate, provoke*
## Footnote
English 5.0
323
Most extreme; greatest.
| *She tried her utmost to complete the task on time.*
## Footnote
największy, maksymalny, najwyższy, skrajny
# Adjective
**Utmost**
| *Greatest, maximum, supreme*
## Footnote
English 5.0
324
To make something appear in a negative or unfavorable way.
| *His behavior reflects bad on the entire team.*
## Footnote
źle świadczy o, rzucać złe światło, wskazywać negatywnie, odzwierciedlać źle
# Phrase
**Reflects bad on something**
| *Shows negatively, casts in poor light, indicates poorly*
## Footnote
English 5.0
325
To imitate or try to emulate someone, typically a role model.
| *He modelled himself on his favorite basketball player.*
## Footnote
naśladować, wzorować się na, emulować, kopiować
# Phrase
**(Someone) modelled himself on (someone)**
| *Imitated, followed, emulated*
## Footnote
English 5.0
326
To lose interest or become bored with something or someone.
| *She quickly tired of the repetitive work.*
## Footnote
zmęczyć się, znudzić się, stracić zainteresowanie, mieć dość
# Verb
**Tire of**
| *Become bored with, grow weary of, lose interest in*
## Footnote
English 5.0
327
Unwilling or reluctant to do something.
| *She was loath to admit her mistakes.*
## Footnote
niechętny, oporny, ociągający się, niechcący
# Phrase
**Loath to do something**
| *Unwilling, reluctant, hesitant*
## Footnote
English 5.0
328
Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.
| *He was wary of strangers.*
## Footnote
ostrożny, przezorny, nieufny, czujny
# Adjective
**Wary of**
| *Cautious, suspicious, careful*
## Footnote
English 5.0
329
A change to an opposite direction, position, or course of action.
| *The court ordered a reversal of the previous decision.*
## Footnote
odwrócenie, zmiana, cofnięcie, rewizja
# Noun
**Reversal**
| *Change, turnaround, flip*
## Footnote
English 5.0
330
A practice or trial performance of a play or other work for later public performance.
| *The actors were busy with rehearsal.*
## Footnote
próba, ćwiczenie, przygotowanie, repetycja
# Noun
**Rehearsal**
| *Practice, run-through, preparation*
## Footnote
English 5.0
331
To calculate or conclude after consideration.
| *I reckon we'll arrive by 6 PM.*
## Footnote
liczyć, sądzić, przewidywać, szacować
# Verb
**Reckon**
| *Calculate, estimate, consider*
## Footnote
English 5.0
332
Not thorough or detailed.
| *The details he gave were rather sketchy.*
## Footnote
pobieżny, szkicowy, niepełny, ogólnikowy
# Adjective
**Sketchy**
| *Incomplete, rough, superficial*
## Footnote
English 5.0
333
The essential or characteristic customs and conventions of a community.
| *The mores of the society were strict and traditional.*
## Footnote
obyczaje, normy, zwyczaje, tradycje
# Noun
**Mores**
| *Customs, traditions, norms*
## Footnote
English 5.0
334
* claim to be true
* compete to win
* (with) have to deal with a difficult situation or person
| *She had to contend with numerous obstacles.*
## Footnote
rywalizować, twierdzić, zmagać się, utrzymywać
# Verb
**Contend**
| *Compete, argue, assert*
## Footnote
English 5.0
335
To claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.
| *He alleged that the company had defrauded him.*
## Footnote
twierdzić, zarzucać, oskarżać, utrzymywać
# Verb
**Allege**
| *Claim, assert, accuse*
## Footnote
English 5.0
336
Unfortunate accidents or bad luck.
| *Several mishaps occurred during the trip.*
## Footnote
nieszczęścia, wypadki, niepowodzenia, wpadki
# Noun
**Mishaps**
| *Accidents, misfortunes, incidents*
## Footnote
English 5.0
337
A statement or idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument.
| *The research was based on the premise that language shapes thought.*
## Footnote
założenie, przesłanka, podstawa, hipoteza
# Noun
**Premise**
| *Assumption, basis, proposition*
## Footnote
English 5.0
338
In a manner not likely to irritate or offend; harmlessly.
| *He made an innocuous joke to lighten the mood.*
## Footnote
nieszkodliwie, niewinnie, łagodnie, bezpiecznie
# Adverb
**Innocuously**
| *Harmlessly, safely, benignly*
## Footnote
English 5.0
339
The area near or surrounding a particular place.
| *Several hotels are located in the vicinity of the airport.*
## Footnote
okolica, sąsiedztwo, pobliże, bliskość
# Noun
**Vicinity**
| *Proximity, neighborhood, area*
## Footnote
English 5.0
340
Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
| *She traced her lineage back to royalty.*
## Footnote
rodowód, pochodzenie, linia rodowa, przodek
# Noun
**Lineage**
| *Ancestry, heritage, descent*
## Footnote
English 5.0
341
Away from the appropriate, planned, or expected course; amiss.
| *His plans went awry.*
## Footnote
na opak, nie tak, krzywo, niepożądany
# Adjective
**Awry**
| *Amiss, wrong, askew*
## Footnote
English 5.0
342
To keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one's mind, especially secretly.
| *She harbored resentment for years.*
## Footnote
ukrywać, żywić, schronić, przechowywać
# Verb
**Harbor**
| *Shelter, hold, conceal*
## Footnote
English 5.0
343
To satisfy (thirst) by drinking; to extinguish (fire, flames, or thirst).
| *Water helped to quench his thirst.*
## Footnote
ugaszać, zaspokoić, stłumić, zadusić
# Verb
**Quench**
| *Extinguish, satisfy, douse*
## Footnote
English 5.0
344
Having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure.
| *He was a firm believer in traditional values.*
## Footnote
twardy, pewny, stanowczy, nieugięty
# Adjective
**Firm**
| *Steadfast, resolute, strong*
## Footnote
English 5.0
345
Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
| *The journey was arduous and exhausting.*
## Footnote
trudny, mozolny, wyczerpujący, ciężki
# Adjective
**Arduous**
| *Difficult, hard, strenuous*
## Footnote
English 5.0
346
To annoy or irritate (a person) with persistent fault-finding or continuous urging.
| *She nagged him to clean his room.*
## Footnote
dręczyć, zrzędzić, narzekać, dokuczać
# Verb
**Nag**
| *Pester, badger, harass*
## Footnote
English 5.0
347
A principle or belief, especially one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy.
| *Non-violence is a central tenet of their faith.*
## Footnote
zasada, doktryna, dogmat, przekonanie
# Noun
**Tenet**
| *Principle, belief, doctrine*
## Footnote
English 5.0
348
Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
| *She felt anguish at the news of the tragedy.*
## Footnote
cierpienie, ból, udręka, rozpacz
# Noun
**Anguish**
| *Pain, agony, distress*
## Footnote
English 5.0
349
A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
| *There's a discrepancy between your account and his.*
## Footnote
rozbieżność, niezgodność, różnica, sprzeczność
# Noun
**Discrepancy**
| *Inconsistency, difference, divergence*
## Footnote
English 5.0
350
The act of assessing someone or something.
| *Her performance received a positive appraisal.*
## Footnote
ocena, wycena, oszacowanie, analiza
# Noun
**Appraisal**
| *Assessment, evaluation, estimation*
## Footnote
English 5.0
351
To shake or tremble in speaking, typically through nervousness or emotion.
| *Her voice quavered with fear.*
## Footnote
drżeć, trząść się, dygotać, falować
# Verb
**Quaver**
| *Tremble, shake, quiver*
## Footnote
English 5.0
352
Each of the two sides of the head between the forehead and the ear.
| *He rubbed his temples to ease the headache.*
## Footnote
skronie, boki głowy, czoło, przestrzeń
# Noun
**Temples**
| *Sides of the head, forehead sides, head flanks*
## Footnote
English 5.0
353
In an initial stage; beginning to happen or develop.
| *He could feel incipient anger building up.*
## Footnote
początkujący, rozwijający się, kiełkujący, zaczynający
# (of ideas, facts,Adjective
**Incipient**
| *Beginning, developing, emerging*
## Footnote
English 5.0
354
(of ideas, facts, or statements) representing findings or points of view that are so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.
| *Their differences were irreconcilable.*
## Footnote
nie do pogodzenia, sprzeczny, niezgodny, konfliktowy
# Adjective
**Irreconcilable**
| *Incompatible, conflicting, at odds*
## Footnote
English 5.0
355
To hit or strike heavily, especially with the fist or a blunt implement.
| *He thumped the desk in frustration.*
## Footnote
uderzać, walić, pukać, łomotać
# Verb
**Thump**
| *Bang, hit, pound*
## Footnote
English 5.0
356
Awkwardly solid, heavy, and outdated.
| *He wore some clunky old boots.*
## Footnote
nieporęczny, ciężki, toporny, niezdarny
# Adjective
**Clunky**
| *Awkward, heavy, cumbersome*
## Footnote
English 5.0
357
To take or move (someone or something) somewhere suddenly and quickly.
| *She whisked the children off to bed.*
## Footnote
zamieszać, zmiatać, szybko poruszać, przemieszczać
# Verb
**Whisk**
| *Sweep, brush, stir rapidly*
## Footnote
English 5.0
358
In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.
| *Her taste in music is impeccable.*
## Footnote
nienaganny, bez zarzutu, doskonały, idealny
# Adjective
**Impeccable**
| *Flawless, perfect, faultless*
## Footnote
English 5.0
359
To kill (someone) by covering their nose and mouth so that they suffocate.
| *He tried to smother the flames with a blanket.*
## Footnote
dusić, tłumić, zasłaniać, przytłaczać
# Verb
**Smother**
| *Suffocate, stifle, suppress*
## Footnote
English 5.0
360
A receptacle for ash from cigarettes or cigars.
| *He flicked his ash into the ashtray.*
## Footnote
popielniczka, naczynie na popiół, pojemnik, tacka
# Noun
**Ashtray**
| *Receptacle, container, tray for ashes*
## Footnote
English 5.0
361
A formally concluded and ratified agreement between states.
| *The two countries signed a peace treaty.*
## Footnote
traktat, umowa, porozumienie, pakt
# Noun
**Treaty**
| *Agreement, pact, accord*
## Footnote
English 5.0
362
To seek to obtain (something, typically food or money) at the expense or through the generosity of others or by stealth.
| *He scrounged a meal from his friend.*
## Footnote
żebrać, szukać, wygrzebywać, zdobywać
# Verb
**Scrounge**
| *Beg, forage, search*
## Footnote
English 5.0
363
Done consciously and intentionally.
| *It was a deliberate act of kindness.*
## Footnote
umyślny, celowy, przemyślany, rozważny
# Adjective
**Deliberate**
| *Intentional, calculated, planned*
## Footnote
English 5.0
364
Animal dung used for fertilizing land.
| *He spread manure over the fields.*
## Footnote
nawóz, obornik, gnojówka, kompost
# Noun
**Manure**
| *Fertilizer, compost, dung*
## Footnote
English 5.0
365
A sudden attack or incursion into enemy territory, especially to obtain something; a raid.
| *The company made a foray into the smartphone market.*
## Footnote
wypad, najazd, wyprawa, incydent
# Noun
**Foray**
| *Raid, incursion, venture*
## Footnote
English 5.0
366
Characterized by behavior that confronts fear instead of avoiding it.
| *His counterphobic actions were surprisingly bold.*
## Footnote
kontrfobiczny, przeciwdziałający fobii, stawiający czoła lękom, przeciwstrachowy
# Adjective (specialized)
**Counterphobic**
| *Defiant of fear, confronting fear, against fear*
## Footnote
English 5.0
367
(Of a person or their behavior) brave; heroic.
| *He made a gallant effort to save her life.*
## Footnote
dzielny, odważny, waleczny, szarmancki
# Adjective
**Gallant**
| *Brave, courageous, valiant*
## Footnote
English 5.0
368
To categorise
| *She felt pigeon-holed by her job title.*
## Footnote
zszufladkować, skategoryzować, podzielić, ująć w ramy
# Verb (past participle)
**Pigeon-holed**
| *Categorized, classified, compartmentalized*
## Footnote
English 5.0
369
An arrangement of flowers, leaves, or stems fastened in a ring and used for decoration or for laying on a grave.
| *A wreath was laid at the memorial.*
## Footnote
wieniec, girlanda, wianek, przewiązka
# Noun
**Wreath**
| *Garland, circlet, lei*
## Footnote
English 5.0
370
(of ideas, facts, or statements) representing findings or points of view that are so different from each other that they cannot be made compatible.
| z braku lepszego określenia, z braku lepszego słowa,*Their differences w
## Footnote
nie do pogodzenia, sprzeczny, niezgodny, konfliktowy
# Adjective
**Irreconcilable**
| *Incompatible, conflicting, at odds*
## Footnote
English 5.0
371
When there is no fully accurate description and you use a less accurate one
| *He called it a "thingamajig," for want of a better term.*
## Footnote
z braku lepszego określenia, z braku lepszego słowa, dla braku lepszej nazwy, z braku lepszego terminu
# Phrase
**For want of a term**
| *Lacking a better word, for lack of a better expression*
## Footnote
English 5.0
