English Flashcards

Question

issue

Answer 1

issue (topic) : Thema nt issue (question): Frage f issue (dispute): Streitfrage f issue (affair): Angelegenheit f issue (problem): Problem nt she has changed her mind on many issues: sie hat ihre Einstellung in vielen Punkten geändert they had prepared a report on the issues of management and staff: sie hatten einen Bericht über Management- und Personalfragen vorbereitet what is the issue?: worum geht es [hier]? that's not the issue!: darum geht es doch gar nicht! what I want isn't the issue: es geht hier nicht darum, was ich will the main issue is how/whether ...: die zentrale Frage ist, wie/ob ... familiy issues: Familienangelegenheiten pl the point at issue: der strittige Punkt side issue: Nebensache f don't worry, that's just a side issue: keine Sorge, das ist nur nebensächlich the issue at stake: der springende Punkt a burning issue: eine brennende Frage ethical issue: ethische Frage the real issues: die Kernprobleme pl to address an issue: ein Thema ansprechen to avoid the issue: [dem Thema] ausweichen to [not] be at [or an] issue: [nicht] zur Debatte stehen to confuse an issue: etwas durcheinanderbringen to make an issue of sth: etw aufbauschen to make an issue of sth: um etw Akk Aufsehen machen to raise an issue : eine Frage aufwerfen to take issue with sb [over sth] form: sich Akk mit jdm auf eine Diskussion [über etw Akk ] einlassen at issue: strittig issue [ˈiʃuː] ♦ verb 1 to give or send out, or to distribute, especially officially: The police issued a description of the criminal; Rifles were issued to the troops. بیرون دادن؛ پخش کردن 2 to flow or come out (from something): A strange noise issued from the room. درآمدن؛ بیرون آمدن ♦ noun 1 the act of issuing or process of being issued: Stamp collectors like to buy new stamps on the day of issue. توزیع؛ انتشار 2 one number in the series of a newspaper, magazine etc : Have you seen the latest issue of that magazine? چاپ 3 a subject for discussion and argument: The question of pay is not an important issue at the moment. موضوع • Sorry, I know you've been sidetracked for the issue many times, but I have a question. ببخشید می دونم زیاد حواست رو پرت کردم ولی یک سوال دارم. • This is not an emergency issue. این مسئله اورژانس نیست. /ish´ōō, is´yōō/ n., vt., vi. ● برون ریزی،در روی،خروج،برون رفت،برونش the issue of water from a broken pipe برون ریزی آب از لوله‌ی شکسته the entrance and issue of customers ورود و خروج مشتریان ● راه خروج،خروجی،برونریز،در رو،دهانه،مخرج،برونگاه،برونجای the sewage's place of issue برونگاه فاضلاب a dark cavern that had no issue دخمه‌ی تاریکی که راه خروج نداشت ● نتیجه،پیامد،عاقبت،پایان،برایند we hope this project will have a successful issue امیدواریم این طرح عاقبت موفقیت‌آمیزی داشته باشد. no chance at all of a prosperous issue هیچگونه امکان پایان همراه با کامیابی ● درآمد (از ملک یا مالیات یا جریمه)،دریافتی(ها)،مداخل،(به صورت مداخل) حاصل شدن،به دست آمدن،تعلق گرفتن به،ارزیافت،عواید،عاید شدن rents, profits and issues اجاره،سود و دریافتی‌ها profits issuing out of the sale of stocks سودی که از فروش سهام عاید می‌شود ● (موضوع یا سوال و غیره) مورد بحث،مطلب،قضیه،مسئله،موضوع،باره،جستار،سخن مایه،درونمایه the issue of new taxes caused a lot of strife موضوع مالیات‌های جدید موجب کشمکش‌های زیادی شد. the burning issue of the day مسئله‌ی حاد روز ● برون فرستی،صدور،توزیع،نشر،انتشار،پخش،روانش،فرستش،پراکنش،پخشش an issue of smoke from a chimney خروج دود از دودکش hallucinations and other issues of a diseased mind توهمات و سایر تراوشات مغز بیمار ● (آنچه که در هر وهله منتشر شود) چاپ،شماره،سری the issue of the second printing of this book انتشار دومین چاپ این کتاب the latest issue of this magazine آخرین شماره‌ی این مجله a new issue of government bonds صدور جدید اوراق قرضه‌ی دولتی ● (پزشکی - بیرونریزی یا آمدن خون یا چرک و غیره،بریدگی یا شکاف برای خارج سازی چرک و غیره) ریزش،خون‌ریزش،(جای) نیشتر she suffered from an issue of blood او از خونریزی رنج می‌برد. ● بیرون آمدن (یا ریختن یا تراویدن و غیره)،جریان یافتن،درآمدن from the dining room issued the sound of a trumpet صدای شیپور از اتاق نهارخوری به گوش می‌رسید. enmities issuing from fear دشمنی‌های ناشی از ترس ● زاده شدن،(از نژاد یا خانواده و غیره‌ی بخصوصی) تبار داشتن،(حقوق) اولاد،بازماندگان he died without issue او بدون اولاد مرد. children issuing from this marriage فرزندان حاصل از این ازدواج ● (با: from) منتج شدن از،پیامد (چیزی) بودن،ناشی شدن،منشا گرفتن،بن گرفتن از deeds issuing from such thoughts اعمالی که از این اندیشه‌ها ناشی می‌شود smoke issuing from the window دودی که از پنجره بیرون می‌رفت ● (معمولا با: in) به نتیجه رسیدن،سرزدن actions issuing in dire results اعمالی که به نتایج بدی می‌رسد ● چاپ کردن یا شدن،منتشر کردن یا شدن،نشر کردن یا شدن،پراکندن،پخشیدن a flood of paper money has been issued سیلی از اسکناس چاپ شده است. to issue commemorative stamps تمبر یاد بود منتشر کردن they have issued many books آنان کتاب‌های زیادی منتشر کرده‌اند. ● توزیع کردن،(جیره و سهمیه و غیره) دادن،بیرون دادن they issued each soldier's ration promptly جیره‌ی هر یک از سربازان را بی‌معطلی دادند. issuing an order صدور حکم (دستور) he issued a decree او حکمی صادر کرد. a volcano issuing smoke and fire آتشفشانی در حال پخش دود و آتش issuing rifles and rations دادن تفنگ و جیره * at issue (or in issue) مورد بحث،هنوز حل و فصل نشده،مورد اختلاف the questions at issue are frontiers and trade موضوعات مورد بحث عبارتند از: سرحدات و بازرگانی. * bring to an issue به مرحله‌ی حل و فصل رساندن،به مرحله‌ی تصمیم گیری رساندن * issue forth (ادبی) بیرون رفتن یا آمدن،برون شدن * join issue جر و بحث کردن،وارد مشاجره یا کشمکش شدن * make an issue of مورد بحث و بررسی قرار دادن he made an issue of my divorce او طلاق مرا مورد بحث و بررسی قرار داد. * put to the issue مورد آزمایش قرار دادن،در محک تجربه سنجیدن * take issue (with) مخالفت کردن با،موافق نبودن،قبول نداشتن I take issue with your conclusions برداشت‌های شما را نمی‌پذیرم.

Answer 2

to send a delegate: einen Delegierten/eine Delegierte entsenden to delegate sb: jdn als Vertreter/Vertreterin [aus]wählen to delegate sb to do sth : jdn dazu bestimmen, etw zu tun he was delegated to meet new arrivals: man wählte ihn zur Begrüßung der Neuankömmlinge aus delegate (assign task): to delegate sth to sb power, authority, responsibility : etw auf jdn übertragen delegate [ˈdeləgeit] ♦ verb to give (a piece of work, power etc ) to someone else: He delegates a great deal of work to his assistant. سپردن؛ اختیار دادن [-gət, (American) -geit]noun an elected representative (to a conference, Parliament, committee etc ): The delegates met in the conference room. نماینده ˌdeleˈgation ♦ noun a body of delegates. هیئت نمایندگی؛ گروه نمایندگان ● نماینده one of the delegates to the nineth world conference on health یکی از نمایندگان نهمین همایش بهداشت جهانی ● (سابقا) نماینده‌ی سرزمین‌های امریکا که هنوز به صورت ایالت درنیامده بودند ● نماینده کردن،به نمایندگی گزیدن the union will delegate three people to the annual congress اتحادیه سه نفر را برای شرکت در کنگره‌ی سالیانه به نمایندگی گسیل خواهد داشت. ● وکالت دادن به،نمایندگی دادن به،(حق یا مسئولیت و غیره) سپردن،اختیار دادن،سپاردن he delegated his authority to his assistant او اختیارات خود را به معاونش تفویض کرد. he is delegated to hire or fire whomever he wishes او اختیار دارد هرکس را بخواهد استخدام یا اخراج کند. noun 1 a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference. First, about 27 districts sent two delegates (double representation) to this congress. synonyms: representative , envoy , emissary , commissioner , agent , deputy , commissary , spokesperson , spokesman , spokeswoman , ambassador , plenipotentiary verb 1 entrust (a task or responsibility) to another person, typically one who is less senior than oneself. he delegates routine tasks synonyms: assign , entrust , pass on , hand on/over , turn over , devolve , depute , transfer

Answer 3

consistent (compatible): to be consistent with sth: mit etw Dat vereinbar sein to be consistent with sth (in correspondence): mit etw Dat übereinstimmen to be consistent with sth (in correspondence): etw Dat entsprechen consistent (steady) : beständig Consistent way of doing sth: gleich bleibend consistent improvement : stetig consistent improvement: ständig consistent (in uniform manner): einheitlich 3. consistent (logical): consistent: folgerichtig a consistent explanation: eine logische Erklärung consistent (in agreement with principles, aims) :schlüssig consistent (logical) : widerspruchsfrei consistent (coherent) : stimmig consistent [kənˈsistənt] ♦ adjective 1 (often with with ) in agreement (with): The two statements are not consistent; The second statement is not consistent with the first. سازگار؛ جور 2 always (acting, thinking or happening) according to the same rules or principles; the same or regular: He was consistent in his attitude; a consistent style of writing. ثابت؛ بدون تغییر conˈsistency2 ♦ noun the consistency of his work. انسجام؛ استحکام conˈsistently ♦ adverb His work is consistently good. دائماً؛ بطور مداوم adj. ● همساز،سازگار،بی‌تناقض،دارای ثبات رای،پیگر،جور،متداوم،یکجور his deeds were not consistent with his words کردار او با گفتارش جور در نمی‌آمد (تناقض داشت). a consistent style in painting سبک نقاشی عاری از بی‌قاعدگی یا تناقض ● استوار،محکم ● با هندام،یکپارچه،یکدست ● (نادر) منسجم،به هم چسبیده،سفت و قلمبه consistent soil خاک سفت و به هم چسبیده،کلوخ adjective 1 (of a person, behavior, or process) unchanging in achievement or effect over a period of time. manufacturing processes require a consistent approach synonyms: constant , regular , uniform , steady , stable , even , unchanging , undeviating , unfluctuating , dependable , reliable , predictable inconsistent: widersprüchlich inconsistent: inkonsequent her argument is very inconsistent: ihre Argumentation ist völlig widersprüchlich to be inconsistent with sth: im Widerspruch zu etw Dat stehen inconsistent (unsteady): inconsistent : unbeständig inconsistent : unstet inconsistent [inkənˈsistənt] ♦ adjective 1 (often with with ) contradictory in some way; not in agreement: What you're saying today is quite inconsistent with the statement you made yesterday. ناسازگار؛ مغایر 2 changeable, eg in standard: His work is inconsistent. متغییر؛ دمدمی ˌinconˈsistency ♦ noun (plural inconˈsistencies ). تناقض؛ تضاد adj. ● ناسازگار،ناهمساز،ناهماهنگ،ناهمجور acts which were inconsistent with his promises اعمالی که با قول‌های او ناسازگار بود inconsistent with truth ناسازگار با واقعیت ● (دارای جزئیات متناقض) ناهندام the accused man's inconsistent statements اظهارات ضد و نقیض متهم ● (از عقیده و ایمان) متلون،دمدمی

Answer 4

1. deed (action): deed: Tat f to do an evil deed : eine Untat begehen to do the dirty deeds for sb : für jdn die Drecksarbeit machen in word and deed : mit Wort und Tat to do a good deed: eine gute Tat vollbringen 2. deed usu pl JUR: deed: Urkunde f deed: Dokument nt title deeds: Grundeigentumsurkunde f title deeds ≈ Grundbucheintrag m Deed [diːd] ♦ noun something done; an act: a good deed. عمل؛ کردار noun - deed سند: document, instrument, deed, evidence, title deed, script عمل: action, practice, act, operation, function, doing کردار: deed, action, act, karma, issue, exploit کار: work, job, labor, task, function, thing فعل: verb, act, action, deed, work verb - deed باقباله واگذار کردن: deed noun 1 an action that is performed intentionally or consciously. doing good deeds synonyms: act , action , feat , exploit , achievement , accomplishment , endeavor , undertaking , enterprise 2 a legal document that is signed and delivered, especially one regarding the ownership of property or legal rights. Minors can't sign deeds or other legal documents, and they aren't allowed to receive money once the property is sold. synonyms: legal document , contract , indenture , instrument verb 1 convey or transfer (property or rights) by legal deed. they deeded their property to their children

Answer 5

particular attr (individual): particular : bestimmt a particular instance : ein bestimmter Moment 2. particular attr (special): particular: besondere(r, s) Particular : speziell to be of particular concern to sb: jdn besonders interessieren no particular reason: kein bestimmter Grund 3. particular präd: particular (fussy): eigen particular (demanding) about: anspruchsvoll hinsichtlich +Gen to be particular about one's appearance: sehr auf sein Äußeres achten 1. particular (detail): particular: Einzelheit f particular: Detail nt in every particular :bis ins Detail in particular: insbesondere nothing in particular: nichts Besonderes the particular: das Besondere on this particular occasion: dieses eine Mal no particular reason: kein bestimmter Grund in every particular: bis ins Detail nothing in particular: nichts Besonderes a particular instance : ein bestimmter Moment to take down sb's particular: jds Personalien aufnehmen with particular reference to sth: unter besonderer Berücksichtigung einer S. Gen for no obvious/particular reason: aus keinem ersichtlichen/besonderen Grund the use of force/a particular method: die Anwendung von Gewalt/einer bestimmten Methode to be of particular concern to sb: jdn besonders interessieren Particular [pəˈtikjulə] ♦ adjective 1 of a single definite person, thing etc thought of separately from all others: this particular man/problem. خاص 2 more than ordinary: Please take particular care of this letter. ویژه 3 difficult to please: He is very particular about his food. سختگیر parˈticularly ♦ adverb more than usually: He was particularly pleased to see his brother. بطور فوق العاده parˈticulars ♦ noun plural facts or details: You must give them all the particulars about the accident. مشخصات؛ ویژگی ها in particular more than others: I liked this book in particular. بخصوص • I don't adhere to any particular political tendency. من از هیچ گونه گرایش سیاسی خاص تبعیت نمی کنم. adj., n. ● ویژه،مختص،خاص،اخص،بخصوص (در برابر: اعم یا کلی general) claims of France or any other particular state ادعاهای فرانسه یا هرکشور بخصوص دیگر I don't mean any particular book منظورم کتاب بخصوصی نیست. a particular problem مسئله‌ای ویژه my very particular friend دوست بسیار ویژه‌ی من this subject is of particular importance این موضوع از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. is there a particular reason why they haven't invited me? آیا دلیل خاصی وجود دارد که مرا دعوت نکرده‌اند؟ this particular case is exceptional این قضیه‌ی بخصوص استثنایی است. ● دقیق،جز به جز a particular account of the day's events شرح جز به جز رویدادهای آن روز ● (قدیمی) خصوصی،شخصی،فردی these domestic and particular broils (شکسپیر) این محاربات خانوادگی و خصوصی ● دیر پسند،سختگیر،پایبند I am not particular about formalities من پابند تشریفات نیستم. he is very particular about food او در مورد خوراک خیلی دیر پسند است. she is not particular about punctuality او در مورد وقت‌شناسی سختگیر نیست. ● (منطق) گزاره‌ی جزئی ● تک،جداگانه،منفرد he counted each particular grain of wheat او دانه‌های گندم را تک‌تک شمرد. * in particular بخصوص،علی‌الخصوص،به ویژه،مخصوصا I want to thank all of you, in particular Iraj and Naheed می‌خواهم از همه‌ی شما سپاسگزاری کنم به ویژه از ایرج و ناهید in particular, the expatriates... علی الخصوص غریبان خاک ... adjective 1 used to single out an individual member of a specified group or class. the action seems to discriminate against a particular group of companies synonyms: specific , certain , distinct , separate , discrete , definite , precise , single , individual 2 especially great or intense. when handling or checking cash the cashier should exercise particular care synonyms: (extra) special , especial , exceptional , unusual , singular , uncommon , notable , noteworthy , remarkable , unique , peculiar 3 insisting that something should be correct or suitable in every detail; fastidious. she is very particular about cleanliness synonyms: fussy , fastidious , finicky , meticulous , punctilious , discriminating , selective , painstaking , exacting , demanding , persnickety , choosy , picky noun 1 an individual item, as contrasted with a universal quality. In Chapter 19, I examine various accounts of the first of these distinctions and raise the question of whether we really need to include both universals and particulars in our ontology. 2 a detail. he is wrong in every particular synonyms: detail , item , point , specific , element , aspect , respect , regard , particularity , fact , feature

Answer 6

obvious [ˈobviəs] ♦ adjective easily seen or understood; evident: It was obvious that she was ill; an obvious improvement. واضح؛ بدیهی ˈobviously ♦ adverb it is clear (that something is the case): Obviously, I'll need some help. بدیهی است که؛ بطور واضح adj. ● آشکار،واضح،هویدا،روشن،بدیهی،مشهود،گویا his yawning made it obvious that he was not interested دهان دره‌ی او آشکار کرد که علاقمند نیست. his jealousy was obvious حسادت او آشکار بود. she is obviously tired او به طور آشکاری خسته است. ● (مهجور) سد معبر،جلو راه،مزاحم

Answer 7

coastal strip: Küstenstreifen m Gaza Strip: Gaza-Streifen m thin strip: schmaler Streifen magnetic strip : Magnetstreifen m to strip a tree: einen Baum entrinden narrow strip of land: schmales Stück Land to strip a bed: die Bettlaken [o. ein Bett] abziehen to strip sth bare: etw kahl fressen to strip a wire: ein Kabel abisolieren to strip naked: sich Akk nackt ausziehen strip of metal: Metallstreifen m strip of cloth: Stoffstreifen m to strip out ⇆ a room: ein Zimmer ausräumen [o. leer räumen] to strip off the paint: die Farbe abbeizen to strip off the bark: die Rinde abschälen [o. abziehen] to strip away the paint: die Farbe abbeizen to strip away the wallpaper: die Tapete abziehen to strip to the skin: sich Akk nackt ausziehen to undergo a strip-search: sich Akk zu einer Durchsuchung ausziehen müssen strip [strip]– past tense, past participle stripped – ♦ verb 1 to remove the covering from something: He stripped the old varnish off the wall; He stripped the branch (of its bark) with his knife. كندن 2 to undress: She stripped the child (naked) and put him in the bath; He stripped and dived into the water; They were told to strip to the waist. درآوردن 3 to remove the contents of (a house etc ): The house/room was stripped bare / stripped of its furnishings; They stripped the house of all its furnishings. تهي كردن 4 to deprive (a person) of something: The officer was stripped of his rank for misconduct. محروم كردن ♦ noun 1 a long narrow piece of (eg cloth, ground etc ): a strip of paper. رشته 2 a strip cartoon. باريكه 3 a footballer's shirt, shorts, socks etc : The team has a red and white strip. لباس ورزشي strip cartoon a row of drawings, eg in a newspaper or comic paper, telling a story. داستان فكاهي مصور ˈstrip-lighting ♦ noun lighting by long tubes rather than bulbs. نور مهتابي يا آفتابي ˌstrip-ˈtease ♦ noun the act, by a woman, of removing her clothes one by one as a theatrical entertainment. استريپ تيز ♦ adjective a strip-tease show. نمايش استريپ تيز strip off to remove clothes or a covering from a thing or person: He stripped (his clothes) off and had a shower; The doctor stripped his bandage off. در آوردن لباس noun 1 an act of undressing, especially in a striptease. she got drunk and did a strip on top of the piano 2 a long, narrow piece of cloth, paper, plastic, or some other material. a strip of linen synonyms: (narrow) piece , bit , band , belt , ribbon , slip , shred 3 a Comic strip. Steve also brings us our weekly strip cartoon Back Yard, which you can read on Page 20. verb 1 remove all coverings from. they stripped the bed 2 leave bare of accessories or fittings. thieves stripped the room of luggage synonyms: empty , clear , clean out , plunder , rob , burgle , burglarize , loot , pillage , ransack , despoil , sack 3 deprive someone of (rank, power, or property). the lieutenant was stripped of his rank synonyms: take away from someone , dispossess someone of , deprive someone of , confiscate , divest someone of , relieve someone of 4 sell off (the assets of a company) for profit. One is that the CEOs in question will be powerful enough to strip assets from their companies for their own gain - and get away with it. 5 tear the thread or teeth from (a screw, gearwheel, etc.). Getting the screw out can strip the bushing threads in the frame. 6 (of a bullet) be fired from a rifled gun without spin owing to a loss of surface.

Answer 8

to deprive sb of sth: jdm etw entziehen [o. vorenthalten] to deprive sb of his/her dignity: jdn seiner Würde berauben geh to deprive sb of freedom: jdn der Freiheit berauben geh to deprive sb of sleep: jdm den Schlaf entziehen to deprive sb of freedom: jdn der Freiheit berauben geh to deprive sb of sleep: jdm den Schlaf entziehen to deprive sb of his/her dignity: jdn seiner Würde berauben geh deprive [diˈpraiv] ♦ verb (with of ) to take something away from: They deprived him of food and drink. محروم کردن؛ سلب کردن deprivation [depriˈveiʃən] ♦ noun 1 (a condition of) loss, hardship etc . فقدان؛ از دست رفتگی 2 (an) act of depriving. محرومیت؛ بی بهره سازی deˈprived ♦ adjective suffering from hardship etc , under-privileged: deprived areas of the city. محروم؛ فقیر vt. ● محروم کردن،به زور گرفتن،بی‌نصیب کردن،بی‌بهره کردن،ناکام کردن،سلب کردن to deprive someone of his property کسی را از ملک خود محروم کردن he was deprived of his civil rights حقوق مدنی او را سلب کرده بودند. I was deprived of my friend's companionship از مصاحبت دوست خود محروم شدم. ● (از شغل به ویژه مشاغل روحانی) برکنار کردن verb 1 deny (a person or place) the possession or use of something. the city was deprived of its water supplies synonyms: dispossess of , strip of , divest of , relieve of , deny , rob of , cheat out of , do out of

Answer 9

anxious: besorgt she always gets anxious if we don't arrive when we say we will: sie macht sich immer Sorgen, wenn wir nicht zur angegebenen Zeit zurückkommen anxious look: besorgter Blick anxious look (more serious): sorgenvoller Blick to be anxious about sth: sich Dat um etw Akk Sorgen machen to be anxious about sth: um etw Akk besorgt sein to be anxious about sth (more serious): um etw Akk Angst haben 2. anxious (eager): anxious: bestrebt I'm anxious that we get there on time: ich hoffe [sehr], dass wir rechtzeitig dort ankommen to be anxious to do sth: [eifrig] darauf bedacht sein, etw zu tun to be anxious for sth: ungeduldig auf etw Akk warten ● نگرانی،دلواپسی،اضطراب،تشویش Pari's anxiety about the examinations نگرانی پری درباره‌ی امتحانات signs of anxiety appeared on the mother's face نشانه‌های دلواپسی در صورت مادر هویدا شد. ● سرآسیمگی،تلواسه،تاسه (احساس بیم و نگرانی شدید همراه با لرزه و عرق‌ریزی)،آسیمگی،تاسگی،دلهره،دلشوره acute anxiety آسیمگی حاد to have anxiety دلهره داشتن ● مایه‌ی نگرانی her only anxiety is the health of her baby یگانه (مایه‌ی) نگرانی او عبارت است از سلامتی نوزادش. ● اشتیاق (توام با نگرانی) we are anxiously awaiting your response با اشتیاق آمیخته با نگرانی در انتظار پاسخ شما هستیم. anxious [ˈӕŋkʃəs] ♦ adjective 1 worried about what may happen or have happened: She is anxious about her father's health. نگران؛ دلواپس 2 causing worry, fear or uncertainty: an anxious moment. نگران کننده 3 wanting very much (to do etc something): He's very anxious to please. مشتاق؛ مایل ˈanxiously ♦ adverb . با نگرانی anxiety [aŋˈzaiəti] ♦ noun His health is a great anxiety to me; filled with anxiety about her child's health. نگرانی؛ دلواپسی She was anxious about her job. او نگران شغل خود بود. • I am anxious about the results of the examination. خیلی دوست دارم نتیجه امتحان رو بدونم. • We are anxious for their safety. ما برای امنیت آنها نگرانیم. • We are anxious for world peace. ما به شدت خواهان صلح جهانی هستیم. aŋk´shǝs/ adj. ● نگران،دلواپس،تاسه،تلواس،مضطرب،مشوش،آسیمه،سرآسیمه Ali was anxious about the health of his son علی نگران سلامتی پسرش بود. if you don't call your mother, she will become anxious اگر به مادرت تلفن نکنی دلواپس خواهد شد. the symptoms of that ailment are irritation, anxiousness, and restlessness علائم آن بیماری زودرنجی،اضطراب و بی‌قراری است. ● نگران کننده،دلواپس کننده،آسیمگر،تشویش انگیز she spent an anxious night by the sick child او شب پر اضطرابی را کنار کودک بیمار گذراند. ● مشتاق،خواهان،مایل I was very anxious to see the beauty queen بسیار مشتاق دیدار ملکه‌ی زیبایی بودم.

Answer 10

1. scratch (cut on skin): scratch: Kratzer m scratch: Schramme f to be covered in scratches: völlig zerkratzt [o. verschrammt] sein 3. scratch no pl (to relieve itching): scratch: Kratzen nt to have [or give oneself] a scratch : sich Akk kratzen 4. scratch no pl (acceptable standard): to not be up to scratch: zu wünschen übrig lassen to bring sth/sb up to scratch: etw/jdn auf Vordermann [o. sl Zack] bringen ugs to come up to scratch: den Anforderungen entsprechen to come up to scratch: nichts zu wünschen übrig lassen 5. scratch (beginning state): to learn sth from scratch: etw von Grund auf lernen to start [sth] from scratch: [mit etw Dat ] bei null anfangen to start [sth] from scratch: ganz von vorne anfangen II . scratch [skrætʃ] ADJ attr, inv 1. scratch (hastily got together): scratch: improvisiert a scratch team: eine zusammengewürfelte Mannschaft 2. scratch (without handicap): scratch: ohne Vorgabe nach Subst 4. scratch (exclude from competition): to scratch sb from a list: jdn aus einer [Starter]liste streichen to scratch a horse from a race: ein Pferd aus dem Rennen nehmen to scratch sb from a team [or side]: jdn aus der Mannschaft nehmen 5. scratch (erase, remove): to scratch sth: etw streichen you can scratch that idea: diese Idee kannst du vergessen to scratch sb's name off a list: jdn Namen aus einer Liste streichen 6. scratch Am ugs (cancel): to scratch sth: etw aufgeben [o. ugs abblasen] 7. scratch (write hastily): to scratch sth: etw [hin]kritzeln to scratch sth on sth: etw auf etw Akk kritzeln Wendungen: you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours: eine Hand wäscht die andere Sprichw scratch a ... and you'll find a ... [underneath]: in jedem/jeder ... steckt ein/eine ... scratch a ... and you'll find a ... [underneath]: hinter jedem/jeder ... verbirgt sich ein/eine ... scratch a rabid nationalist and you're likely to find a racist underneath: in jedem fanatischen Nationalisten steckt mit ziemlicher Sicherheit ein Rassist Beispiele aus dem PONS Wörterbuch (redaktionell geprüft) to scratch one's arm: sich Akk am Arm kratzen to scratch one's head: sich Akk am Kopf kratzen a scratch team: eine zusammengewürfelte Mannschaft to learn sth from scratch: etw von Grund auf lernen you can scratch that idea: diese Idee kannst du vergessen to come up to scratch: den Anforderungen entsprechen to start [sth] from scratch: [mit etw Dat ] bei null anfangen to scratch sb's eyes out: jdm die Augen auskratzen ugs to scratch out a line: eine Zeile durchstreichen to scratch out a word: ein Wort ausstreichen [o. CH wegstreichen] you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours: eine Hand wäscht die andere Sprichw to not be up to scratch: zu wünschen übrig lassen to scratch sb from a list: jdn aus einer [Starter]liste streichen to bring sth/sb up to scratch: etw/jdn auf Vordermann [o. sl Zack] bringen ugs to have [or give oneself] a scratch: sich Akk kratzen to scratch about [or around] for sth: nach etw Dat suchen ugs scratch [skrӕtʃ] ♦ verb 1 to mark or hurt by drawing a sharp point across: The cat scratched my hand; How did you scratch your leg?; I scratched myself on a rose bush. حراشيدن؛چنگ زدن 2 to rub to relieve itching: You should try not to scratch insect bites. خاراندن 3 to make by scratching: He scratched his name on the rock with a sharp stone. خراشيدن 4 to remove by scratching: She threatened to scratch his eyes out. زدودن 5 to withdraw from a game, race etc : That horse has been scratched. حذف كردن ♦ noun 1 a mark, injury or sound made by scratching: covered in scratches; a scratch at the door. خراشيدگي 2 a slight wound: I hurt myself, but it's only a scratch. خراش 3 in certain races or competitions, the starting point for people with no handicap or advantage. از ابتداي كار ˈscratchy ♦ adjective . خط حطي ˈscratchiness ♦ noun . خط افتادگي scratch the surface to deal too slightly with a subject: We started to discuss the matter, but only had time to scratch the surface. به مقدمات مطلبي پرداختن start from scratch to start (an activity etc ) from nothing, from the very beginning, or without preparation: He now has a very successful business but he started from scratch. از صفر up to scratch at or to the required or satisfactory standard: Your work does not come up to scratch. پول بخور و نميري در آوردن vt., vi., n., adj. ● (با آلت تیز یا زبر) خراشاندن،خراشیدن،(گربه و غیره) چنگ زدن،خراش انداختن،خط انداختن،شخاییدن،پنجول زدن،پنجه کشیدن a cat that scratches گربه‌ای که چنگ می‌زند the dog was scratching the door سگ داشت در را با پنجه می‌خراشید. he scratched the table with a knife میز را با چاقو خراش انداخت. don't go close to the rose bush, you'll scratch yourself نزدیک بته‌ی گل نرو،خراشیده خواهی شد. a scratched record صفحه‌ی (گرامافون) خط افتاده ● (با چاقو و غیره) کندن with a nail he scratched his name on a tree نام خودش را با میخ بر درخت کند. ● خاراندن،خارش دادن she asked her mother to scratch her back از مادرش خواهش کرد که پشت او را بخاراند. he scratched his sore so much that it bled آنقدر زخمش را خاراند که خون آمد. ● (در اثر مالش) آزرده کردن،خراشیده کردن (chafe هم می‌گویند) ● (با صدا) مالیدن،کشیدن to scratch a match on a wall کبریت را به دیوار کشیدن ● (با شتاب یا بی‌دقتی) نوشتن،رسم کردن،نیش قلم،نوشته‌ی ناخوانا ● (نوشته را) پاک کردن،حذف کردن،باطل کردن his name was scratched from the list نام او از فهرست حذف شد. ● (با اشکال) گرداوری کردن،فراهم کردن،گذران کردن (scrape هم می‌گویند) ● (به ویژه اسبدوانی) در مسابقه شرکت ندادن یا نکردن ● (با پنجه یا چنگال یا ناخن) کاویدن ● (با خراشاندن) صدا ایجاد کردن،خش‌خش کردن،خش‌خش ● (بیلیارد و غیره) اسکراچ کردن ● خراشیدگی،پوست رفتگی،زخم،خراش scratch marks on the child's knees نشانه‌های خراشیدگی بر زانوهای بچه ● خط افتادگی،شخال the record is full of scratches (گرامافون) صفحه پر از خط افتادگی است. ● (مسابقه) خط شروع ● (امریکا - خودمانی) پول ● چرکنویس،پیش‌نویس،سوده،یادداشت scratch paper کاغذ چرکنویس ● (بدون آمادگی یا با شتاب) گردآوری شده،جور شده a scratch football team تیم فوتبال با عجله تشکیل شده * escape without a scratch اصلا صدمه نخوردن،بی‌آسیب جان به در بردن * from scratch 1- از آغاز،از اول 2- از هیچ،بدون پول یا منابع * scratch about (for something) (با کاویدن و غیره) دنبال چیزی گشتن * scratch one's head از شدت تعجب یا گیجی یا ندانم‌کاری سر خود را خاراندن * scratch (something) away (or off) (با ساییدن) زدودن to scratch the rust off the pipe لوله را ساییدن و زنگ زدگی آن را زدودن * scratch something out of something (با مداد پاک کن یا خراشاندن) حذف کردن،پاک کردن،زدن his name was scratched out of the list اسم او را از فهرست حذف کرده بودند. * scratch something up کاویدن و درآوردن the dog scratched the bone up سگ کاوید و استخوان را درآورد. * scratch the surface به طور سطحی انجام دادن * up to scratch 1- آماده‌ی آغاز کردن 2- در حد مورد قبول * you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours اگر تو به من کمک کنی من هم به تو کمک خواهم کرد

Answer 11

[ˈsäf(ə)ˌmôr] noun - sophomore دانشجوی سال دوم: sophomore /säf´ǝ môr´/ n., adj. ● (دانشگاه) دانشجوی سال دوم،سال دومی ● (آمریکا - دبیرستان) دانش‌آموز کلاس دهم،کلاس دهمی ● (برخی پیشه‌ها یا کارها) سال دومی،کسی که سال دوم کاری را می‌گذراند ● وابسته به یا ویژه‌ی سال دومی‌ها

Answer 12

I . pro·vide [prə(ʊ)ˈvaɪd, Am prəˈ-] VERB trans to provide sth etw zur Verfügung stellen [o. bereitstellen] we will not be able to provide the same standard of teaching if there are funding cuts wir werden dieses Unterrichtsniveau nicht aufrechterhalten können, wenn der Etat gekürzt wird to provide employment Arbeitsplätze schaffen to provide evidence/an explanation Beweise/eine Erklärung liefern to provide information about sb/sth Informationen über jdn/etw geben to provide inspiration inspirieren to provide proof einen Nachweis erbringen to provide a thrill für Nervenkitzel sorgen to provide sb/sth with sth [or sth for sb/sth] (supply) jdn/etw mit etw Dat versorgen to provide a household with power einen Haushalt mit Strom versorgen to provide sb/sth with sth [or sth for sb/sth] (offer) jdm/etw etw bieten [o. geben] II . pro·vide [prə(ʊ)ˈvaɪd, Am prəˈ-] VERB intr 1. provide form (anticipate): to provide for sth für etw Akk vorsorgen [o. Vorsorge treffen] to provide against sth Vorkehrungen gegen etw Akk treffen to provide against sth sich Akk vor etw Dat schützen 2. provide (look after): to provide for sb/oneself für jdn/sich selbst sorgen 3. provide form (enable): to provide for sth etw ermöglichen to provide for sth law etw erlauben current legislation provides for the detention of suspects die gegenwärtige Gesetzgebung erlaubt die Inhaftierung von Verdächtigen to provide a thrill für Nervenkitzel sorgen to provide emergency cover eine Notfallversorgung gewährleisten to provide some entertainment für ein wenig Unterhaltung sorgen freedom to provide services Dienstleistungsfreiheit f to provide employment Arbeitsplätze schaffen to provide self-help Selbsthilfe vermitteln to provide commentary Bericht erstatten to provide inspiration inspirieren to provide proof einen Nachweis erbringen to provide surety Sicherheit leisten to provide transportation ein Beförderungsmittel zur Verfügung stellen to give [or provide] help Hilfe leisten to provide cover for sb jdn vertreten to provide documentation for sth den Nachweis für etw Akk liefern to provide evidence/an explanation Beweise/eine Erklärung liefern to provide/take a specimen eine Probe abliefern/nehmen to provide a household with power einen Haushalt mit Strom versorgen to provide a backdrop for sth den Hintergrund für etw Akk liefern provide [prəˈvaid] ♦ verb 1 to give or supply: He provided the wine for the meal; He provided them with a bed for the night. تهیه کردن 2 (with for ) to have enough money to supply what is necessary: He is unable to provide for his family. تامین کردن proˈvided, *proˈviding conjuction if; on condition (that): We can buy it provided/providing (that) we have enough money. به شرط آنکه /prō vīd´, prǝ-/ vt., vi. ● تهیه کردن،تامین کردن،(روزی) رساندن he works to provide for his wife and children او کار می‌کند تا زندگی زن و بچه‌ی خود را تامین کند. the lord will provide خدا روزی‌رسان است. the class is free but you have to provide your own books کلاس رایگان است ولی باید خودتان کتاب‌ها را تهیه کنید. the hotel provides transportation to and from the airport رفت و آمد از فرودگاه به عهده‌ی هتل است. to provide military aid for our allies تامین کمک نظامی جهت متحدان ما ● (با: with) در اختیار گذاشتن،در دسترس گذاشتن passengers will be provided with free food and drink خوراک و نوشابه‌ی مجانی در اختیار مسافران گذاشته خواهد شد. we have to provide our farmers with financial aid بایستی کمک مالی در اختیار کشاورزانمان بگذاریم. ● (با: for یا against) تدارک دیدن،فراهم کردن،آماده کردن،آمادن،پیش آماد کردن we have to provide for our day of need now باید هم اکنون برای روز مبادا آماده شویم. the government is providing against a probable famine دولت دارد برای مقابله با قحطی احتمالی تدارک می‌بیند. ● (قانون و غیره) تصریح کردن،قید کردن،فرنمود کردن،پیش بینی کردن the contract provides that the work be finished in five days در قرارداد قید شده است که کار پنج روزه تمام شود.

Answer 13

1. desperation (hopelessness): desperation Verzweiflung f an act of desperation eine Verzweiflungstat to drive sb to desperation jdn zur Verzweiflung treiben in desperation aus Verzweiflung out of desperation aus Verzweiflung 2. desperation (state of being desperate): desperation for Verlangen nt nach +Dat in desperation aus Verzweiflung an act of desperation eine Verzweiflungstat out of desperation aus Verzweiflung to drive sb to desperation jdn zur Verzweiflung treiben ˌdespəˈrāSHən] noun - desperation نومیدی: despair, desperation, disappointment بیچارگی: misery, desperation, misfortune, calamity لاعلاجی: desperation نومیدی زیاد: desperation خلی: absurdity, desperation, impertinence n. ● نومیدی،یاس a deep desperation began to possess him نومیدی ژرفی بر او مستولی شد. ● ناگریزی،استیصال،ناچاری،درماندگی he was hungry and stole bread out of desperation او گرسنه بود و از زور ناچاری نان دزدید. ... in (a time of) distress and desperation ... در پریشان حالی و درماندگی ● وخامت،شدت،حدت ● بی‌پروایی (در اثر یاس)،از جان گذشتگی،قبول خطر he attacked the bigger boy with the desperation of a cornered cat با بی‌پروایی گربه‌ای که در بن‌بست گیر کرده باشد به پسر بزرگتر از خودش حمله‌ور شد.

Answer 14

gap [gæp] SUBST 1. gap (empty space): gap Lücke f to leave some gaps etwas Platz [frei]lassen 2. gap übtr: gap (something missing) Lücke f übtr gap (inconsistency) Ungereimtheit f credibility gap mangelnde Glaubwürdigkeit gap in knowledge Wissenslücke f market gap Marktlücke f to fill a gap eine Lücke schließen [o. füllen] übtr 3. gap (in time): gap Pause f gap Unterbrechung f 4. gap: gap (difference) Unterschied m gap (in attitude) Kluft f age gap Altersunterschied m generation gap Generationsunterschied m to bridge/close the gap die Kluft überbrücken/überwinden he must close the gap between his income and his expenditures er muss die Lücke zwischen seinem Einkommen und seinen Ausgaben schließen 5. gap COMPUT (space between recorded data): gap Spalt m gap Zwischenraum m 6. gap COMPUT (method): gap Funkübertragungssystem nt electrode gap Elektrodenabstand m miscibility gap Mischungslücke f communication gap Informationslücke f age gap Altersunterschied m generation gap Generationsunterschied m market gap Marktlücke f credibility gap mangelnde Glaubwürdigkeit to bridge a gap eine Kluft überwinden to fill a gap eine Lücke schließen [o. füllen] übtr gap in knowledge Wissenslücke f dollar gap/reserves Dollarlücke f /-reserven pl gap-toothed grin schiefes Lächeln to slip through a gap durch ein Loch schlüpfen to bridge/close the gap die Kluft überbrücken/überwinden to bridge [or cross] the generation gap die Kluft zwischen den Generationen überbrücken look, the gap was about so wide schau mal, die Lücke war ungefähr so groß to have a gap in one's education eine Bildungslücke haben there's a wide gap between ... and ... zwischen ... und ... herrscht eine große Kluft to close the gap between x and y die Kluft zwischen x und y überwinden to fill a gap [or need] in the market in eine Marktlücke stoßen gap [gӕp] ♦ noun a break or open space: a gap between his teeth. شکاف gap [gӕp] ♦ noun a break or open space: a gap between his teeth. شکاف gap/ n., vi., vt. ● (در نرده یا دیوار) شکاف،رخنه،بریدگی،سوراخ عبور،دهانه ● (از نظر زمان یا بعد) وقفه،انقطاع،جای خالی،از قلم افتادگی،فاصله there is a gap between the two words بین دو لغت جای خالی وجود دارد. the generation gap شکاف بین نسل‌ها a gap appeared in the ranks of the enemy's army در صفوف قشون دشمن شکاف پیدا شد. the gap between his two front teeth فاصله‌ی میان دو دندان جلو او ● فرق فاحش،تفاوت،کمیابی the gap between exports and imports تفاوت (یا عدم توازن) بین صادرات و واردات ● رجوع شود به: spark gap ● (در دیوار یا نرده) سوراخ ایجاد کردن،راه عبور باز کردن،(دیوار را) شکافتن،(از وسط دیوار) نقب زدن ● از هم باز شدن،وا رفتن،گشوده شدن ● (مکانیک) فاصله‌ی پلاتین اتومبیل ● (زمین شناسی) تنگ

Answer 15

I . dis·gust [dɪsˈgʌst] SUBST no pl 1. disgust (revulsion): disgust Abscheu m disgust Ekel m to be filled with disgust at sth von etw Dat angewidert sein sth fills sb with disgust etw ekelt jdn an to step back in disgust [from sth] angeekelt [o. angewidert] [von etw Dat ] zurückweichen to turn away [from sth] in disgust sich Akk angeekelt [o. angewidert] [von etw Dat ] abwenden 2. disgust (indignation): disgust Empörung f disgust at Entrüstung f über +Akk [much] to sb's disgust [sehr] zu jds Entrüstung to express one's disgust [at sth] seine Entrüstung [o. Empörung] [über etw Akk ] zum Ausdruck bringen to hide one's disgust at sth seine Empörung über etw Akk verbergen in disgust entrüstet in disgust empört to do sth in disgust etw tun aus Empörung darüber, dass ... disgust [disˈgast] ♦ verb to cause feelings of dislike or sickness in: The smell of that soup disgusts me; She was disgusted by your behaviour. بیزار کردن؛ مشمئز کردن ♦ noun the state or feeling of being disgusted: She left the room in disgust. انزجار؛ بیزاری disˈgusting ♦ adjective What a disgusting smell!; Her house is in a disgusting mess. بیزار کننده؛ تنفر انگیز disˈgustingly ♦ adverb . بطور مشمئز کننده /dis gust´/ n., vt., vi. ● (بیزاری و تنفر تهوع‌آور) انزجار،بیزاری،تنفر،نفرت،آریغ،چندش،دل سیری their cruelty excited our disgust سنگدلی آنان انزجار ما را برانگیخت. he could not tolerate the smell of garlic without a feeling of disgust بدون احساس بیزاری نمی‌توانست بوی سیر را تحمل کند. ● بیزار کردن یا شدن،آریغ کردن،متنفر کردن یا شدن،دچار چندش شدن،حالت تهوع پیدا کردن،مشمئز کردن یا شدن your answers disgust me پاسخ‌های شما مرا بیزار می‌کند. food that is too oily disgusts one easily غذای خیلی چرب آدم را زود زده می‌کند. her behavior at the party disgusted me رفتار او در مهمانی مرا منزجر کرد. * disgusted, adj. بیزار،منزجر،آریغمند،متنفر * disgusting, adj. بیزار کننده،آریغ انگیز،تنفرانگیز،هراش‌انگیز this food has a disgusting smell این خوراک بوی مشمئز کننده‌ای دارد.

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awe [ɔ:, Am ɑ:] SUBST no pl awe Ehrfurcht f to fill sb with awe jdn mit Ehrfurcht erfüllen to hold sb in awe großen Respekt vor jdm haben to hold sb in awe jdn sehr bewundern to stand in awe of sb vor jdm gewaltigen Respekt haben II . awe [ɔ:, Am ɑ:] VERB trans to awe sb jdm Ehrfurcht einflößen to awe sb (intimidate) jdn einschüchtern to be awed into silence beeindruckt schweigen awe-in·spir·ing ADJ awe-inspiring Ehrfurcht gebietend an awe-inspiring sight ein erhabener Anblick noun 1 a feeling of reverential respect mixed with fear or wonder. they gazed in awe at the small mountain of diamonds synonyms: wonder , wonderment , admiration , reverence , respect , esteem , dread , fear verb 1 inspire with awe. they were both awed by the vastness of the forest ♦ noun wonder and fear: The child looked in awe at the king. حیرت؛ آمیزه ای از ترس و احترام ♦ verb to fill with awe: He was awed by his new school. دچار ترس و احترام کردن ˈawe-inspiring, *ˈawesome ♦ adjective causing awe: The waterfall was awe-inspiring; an awesome sight. با ابهت؛ اعجاب انگیز ˈawestruck ♦ adjective filled with awe: awestruck by the mountains. بهت زده؛ حیران n., vt. ● (آمیزه‌ای از ترس و احترام و شگفتی) حیرت،هیبت the child looked with awe at the statue of the prophet کودک با ترس و احترام به مجسمه‌ی پیامبر نگاه کرد. his learning filled everyone with awe دانش او همه را غرق در احترام و شگفتی کرد. ● دچار ترس و احترام کردن،به ابهت چیزی پی بردن the high ceiling of the hall and the silence awed him تاق بلند و سکوت تالار او را مجذوب و مرعوب کرد. ● (قدیمی) قدرت ایجاد ترس توام با احترام ● (مهجور) وحشت،هراس * awe-inspiring موجب ترس و احترام،پر ابهت،اعجاب انگیز * to stand (or be) in awe of احساس بیم و احترام کردن (نسبت به) I stand in awe of God نسبت به ابهت خداوند احساس بیم و احترام می‌کنم.

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relevant documents zweckdienliche Unterlagen relevant evidence sachdienliches Beweismaterial highly relevant höchst bedeutungsvoll relevant question angebrachte Frage to give relevant items wichtige Details [o. Einzelheiten] nennen the relevant documentation die nötigen Ausweispapiere to remain relevant seine Aktualität bewahren to be [hardly] relevant to sth für etw Akk [kaum] von Bedeutung [o. Belang] sein please bring all the relevant documents bitte bringen Sie die nötigen Papiere mit that's not relevant to the present matter das ist für diese Sache nicht von Bedeutung subject to permission from the relevant government department (conditional upon) vorbehaltlich behördlicher Genehmigung geh the question is not relevant to the case die Frage gehört nicht zur Sache for further information please refer to the relevant leaflet weitere Informationen entnehmen Sie bitte der entsprechenden Broschüre adjective 1 closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand. the candidate's experience is relevant to the job synonyms: pertinent , applicable , apposite , material , apropos , to the point , germane , connected , related , linked , on-topic relevant [ˈreləvənt] ♦ adjective connected with or saying something important about what is being spoken about or discussed: I don't think his remarks are relevant (to our discussion); Any relevant information should be given to the police. مربوط؛ وابسته ˈrelevance ♦ noun . ارتباط adj. ● مربوط،وابسته،مطرح،وارد your statements are not relevant to the topic of our discussions اظهارات شما ربطی به موضوع مذاکرات ما ندارد. all the information relevant to his new responsibilities همه‌ی اطلاعات مربوط به وظایف جدید او your objection is not relevant اعتراض شما وارد نیست. relevant and irrelevant با مورد و بی مورد * relevance (or relevancy) n. ربط،وابستگی،ارتباط research must have relevance to the person's work پژوهش باید با کار شخص ارتباط داشته باشد

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work permit Arbeitserlaubnis f residence permit Aufenthaltsgenehmigung f hunting permit Jagdschein m export permit Exporterlaubnis f to hold a permit über eine Genehmigung verfügen application for a permit Bewilligungsgesuch m to get [or obtain] a permit eine Genehmigung erhalten form permit me to help you darf ich Ihnen helfen? to permit sb to do sth jdm ermöglichen, etw zu tun to permit sb/oneself to do sth jdm/sich erlauben [o. gestatten] , etw zu tun to be able to fish here you must be a permit-holder um hier angeln zu dürfen, brauchen Sie einen Angelschein the building went ahead as soon as the building permit was issued sobald die Baugenehmigung vorlag, wurde mit dem Bau begonnen noun 1 an official document giving someone authorization to do something. he is only in Britain on a work permit synonyms: authorization , license , pass , ticket , warrant , document , certification , passport , visa 2 a deep-bodied fish of the jack family, found in warm waters of the western Atlantic and Caribbean and caught for food and sport. He told me that there were snook and tarpon (as I already knew) and there were large bonefish and permit to fish for. verb 1 give authorization or consent to (someone) to do something. the law permits councils to monitor any factory emitting smoke synonyms: allow , authorize , give someone permission , sanction , grant , give someone the right , license , empower , enable , entitle , qualify , give one's blessing to , give the nod to , consent to , assent to , acquiesce in , agree to , tolerate , countenance , legalize , legitimate , give the go-ahead to , give the thumbs up to , OK , give the OK to , give the green light to , accede to , suffer , let permit [pəˈmit]– past tense, past participle perˈmitted – ♦ verb 1 to agree to (another person's action); to allow or let (someone do something): Permit me to answer your question; Smoking is not permitted. اجازه دادن 2 to make possible: My aunt's legacy permitted me to go to America. ممکن ساختن [ˈpəːmit]noun a written order allowing a person to do something: We have a permit to export our product. اجازه؛ مجوز permission [pəˈmiʃən] ♦ noun a written, spoken etc agreement that someone may do something: She gave me permission to leave. اجازه؛ رخصت

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valid reason triftiger Grund valid precaution sinnvolle Vorsichtsmaßnahme valid claim berechtigter Anspruch substantial/valid grounds erhebliche/stichhaltige Gründe adjective 1 (of an argument or point) having a sound basis in logic or fact; reasonable or cogent. a valid criticism synonyms: well-founded , sound , reasonable , rational , logical , justifiable , defensible , viable , bona fide , cogent , effective , powerful , potent , convincing , credible , forceful , strong , solid , weighty valid [ˈvӕlid] ♦ adjective 1 (of reasons, arguments etc ) true; reasonable or acceptable: That is not a valid excuse. معتبر؛ موجه 2 legally effective; having legal force: He has a valid passport. قانونی ˈvalidly ♦ adverb . بطور معتبر adj. ● معتبر،ارزشمند،ارزمند،موثق،ارزا a valid deed قباله‌ی معتبر pre-revolutionary passports are no longer valid پاسپورت‌های پیش از انقلاب دیگر معتبر نیست. some moral principles are valid in every age and country برخی اصول اخلاقی در تمام ادوار و کشورها ارزشمند است. ● (استدلال و غیره) صادق،پذیرفتنی،درست،مسموع،محکم،موجه،وارد،مستدل،پروهان،روا Jaffar's argument was valid استدلال جعفر درست بود. your criticism is valid انتقاد شما وارد است. ● موثر،کارا،کاری each science has its own valid methods هر علمی روش‌های موثر خودش را دارا است. if writing is no longer a valid medium, the film may replace it اگر نگارش دیگر وسیله‌ی موثری نباشد فیلم جای آن را خواهد گرفت. ● (نادر) سالم،تندرست ● قانونی

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to legitimate a child ein Kind rechtlich anerkennen of illegitimate/legitimate birth unehelicher/ehelicher Abstammung a legitimate child ein eheliches Kind a legitimate government eine gesetzmäßige Regierung this is a legitimate question das ist eine berechtigte Frage I'm not sure his business is entirely legitimate ich habe meine Bedenken, ob seine Geschäfte ganz sauber sind ugs legitimate [liˈdʒitimət] ♦ adjective 1 lawful: Is this procedure perfectly legitimate? مشروع 2 (of a child) born to parents who are married to each other. حلال زاده leˈgitimately ♦ adverb . بطور مشروع و صحیح leˈgitimacy ♦ noun . مشروعیت adj., vt. ● حلال‌زاده he claimed to be the legitimate son of the king او ادعا می‌کرد که پسر مشروع پادشاه است. two legitimate daughters and one illegitimate son دو دختر حلال‌زاده و یک پسر حرامزاده ● قانونی،مشروع،دادیکی،پذیرفتنی a legitimate claim ادعای قانونی a legitimate business کاسبی مشروع ● به‌حق،بر حق،محق،(پادشاه و غیره) وارث قانونی،روا ● معقول،پذیرفتنی،منطقی،درست a legitimate conclusion نتیجه‌گیری درست ● توجیه‌پذیر،توجیه کردنی،موجه،به‌جا ● طبق مقررات و اصول و غیره ● (تئاتر) نمایش روی صحنه و زنده (در برابر نمایش روی فیلم یا تلویزیون و غیره) ● رجوع شود به: legitimize

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reserve [rəˈzəːv] ♦ verb 1 to ask for or order to be kept for the use of a particular person, often oneself: The restaurant is busy on Saturdays, so I'll phone up today and reserve a table. رزرو کردن 2 to keep for the use of a particular person or group of people, or for a particular use: These seats are reserved for the committee members. انوختن؛ ذخیره کردن ♦ noun 1 something which is kept for later use or for use when needed: The farmer kept a reserve of food in case he was cut off by floods. ذخیره 2 a piece of land used for a special purpose eg for the protection of animals: a wild-life reserve; a nature reserve. منطقه حفاظت شده 3 the habit of not saying very much, not showing what one is feeling, thinking etc ; shyness. توداری؛ خوددراری 4 (often in plural ) soldiers, sailors etc who do not belong to the regular full-time army, navy etc but who are called into action when needed eg during a war. سربازان ذخیره ˌreserˈvation [rezə-] ♦ noun 1 the act of reserving: the reservation of a room. جا رزرو کردن 2 something (eg a table in a restaurant) which has been reserved: Have you a reservation, Sir? تعیین جا از پیش 3 a doubt. تردید 4 a piece of land set aside for a particular purpose: an Indian reservation in the United States. قطعه زمین اختصاصی reˈserved ♦ adjective not saying very much; not showing what one is feeling, thinking etc : a reserved manner. محتاط have, *keep etc in reserve to have or keep (something) in case or until it is needed: If you go to America please keep some money in reserve for your fare home. پس انداز /ri zu_rv´/ n., adj., vt. ● ویژه(ی کاری) بودن،مختص بودن،منحصر بودن،مخصوص بودن،کنار گذاشتن these seats are reserved for the elderly and the handicapped این صندلی‌ها مختص سالمندان و معلولان است. this garden is reserved for the members of the club این باغ ویژه‌ی اعضای باشگاه است. ● ذخیره کردن،اندوختن،پس‌انداز کردن،پسداشت کردن،پسگذاشت کردن money reserved for emergencies پولی که برای ناگه آیندها (موارد اضطراری) پس انداز شده است she reserved her criticism for a later occasion او انتقاد خود را به یک فرصت بعدی موکول کرد. ● (هتل و تئاتر و هواپیما و غیره) جا ذخیره کردن،از پیش جا گرفتن،پیشگرفت کردن،رزرو کردن for Norooz we must reserve rooms now از حالا باید برای نوروز اتاق پیشگرفت (رزرو) کنیم. ● (ارتش - جمع) نیروی ذخیره،سربازان احتیاط reserve mobilization بسیج نیروهای احتیاط reserves are not permanently ready for action but can be used in emergencies قوای ذخیره دایما آماده‌ی عمل نیستند ولی می‌توان در موارد ناگه اضطراری از آنها استفاده کرد. a detachment of naval reserves گروهی از افراد ذخیره‌ی نیروی دریایی ● منبع،ذخیره،پسگذاشت،اندوخته،پسداشت a reserve supply آماد ذخیره،ذخیره احتیاطی Iran's huge oil and gas reserves منابع عظیم نفت و گاز ایران the country's foreign exchange reserves ذخایر ارزی کشور our cash reserves are dwindling fast اندوخته‌ی نقدی ما در حال نقصان است. reserve funds اندوخته‌های احتیاطی ● (ورزش) بازیکن ذخیره،ورزشکار علی‌البدل،یار ذخیره،پسدار ● منطقه‌ی حفاظت شده (نظامی یا برای ایمنی حیوانات و غیره)،پارک طبیعی،قرارگاه،کوچگاه،داشتگاه a forest reserve پارک جنگلی a wild animal reserve منطقه‌ی جانوران وحشی ● خودداری،شکیبایی،وقار،توداری،متانت his behavior has lost its former reserve رفتار او وقار پیشین خود را از دست داده است. a woman who lacks all reserve and judgement زنی که از خودداری و قضاوت بویی نبرده است ● (انگلیس - در حراج‌های رسمی) حداقل قیمت (که فروشنده قبول می‌کند)،بهای تعیین شده the painting sold for twice the reserve price نقاشی به دو برابر بهای تعیین شده به فروش رفت. ● (نقاشی و ادبیات و غیره) میانه‌روی در بیان،خودداری از غلو و زیاده‌روی،سنگینی ● حفظ کردن،پاسداشت کردن،محفوظ کردن all rights reserved کلیه‌ی حقوق (وابسته به این کتاب) محفوظ است. * in reserve در ذخیره،در پسداشت،در احتیاط * reserve the right (to do something) حق خود را (برای انجام کاری) محفوظ نگهداشتن * without reserve 1- (به طور) نامحدود 2- بی‌تردید،بدون دودلی 3- (حراج) بدون بهای حداقل noun 1 a supply of a commodity not needed for immediate use but available if required. Australia has major coal, gas, and uranium reserves synonyms: stock , store , supply , stockpile , pool , hoard , cache 2 a place set aside for special use, in particular. There are areas where land has been put aside for reserves but are now being used for different things. 3 a lack of warmth or openness in manner or expression. she smiled and some of her natural reserve melted synonyms: reticence , detachment , distance , remoteness , coolness , aloofness , constraint , formality , shyness , diffidence , timidity , taciturnity , inhibition , standoffishness 4 (in the decoration of ceramics or textiles) an area that still has the original color of the material or the color of the background. Penwork decoration, with designs in reserves on a black background, may itself have first developed within the Tunbridge ware industry. verb 1 refrain from using or disposing of (something); retain for future use. roll out half the dough and reserve the other half synonyms: put to one side , put aside , set aside , keep , keep back , save , hold , put on hold , keep in reserve , earmark verb 1 (in various sports) serve again. She re-served the ball back into the penalty box and found Vanessa, who headed it home.

Answer 22

on occasion gelegentlich historic occasion historisches Ereignis solemn occasion feierlicher Anlass happy occasion gelungenes Fest sociable occasion gesellschaftliches Ereignis auspicious occasion feierlicher Anlass 😝 should the occasion arise sollte es nötig sein [o. werden] to occasion a visit einen Besuch nach sich ziehen on this particular occasion dieses eine Mal to dignify an occasion einem festlichen Ereignis Glanz verleihen appropriate to the occasion dem Anlass entsprechend dressy affair [or occasion] besonderer Anlass a fitting occasion eine günstige Gelegenheit on one occasion einmal on another occasion bei einer anderen Gelegenheit gala affair/occasion festliche Angelegenheit/Gelegenheit an occasion for general rejoicing ein Anlass zu allgemeinem Jubel to dress to suit the occasion sich Akk dem Anlass entsprechend kleiden occasion [əˈkeiʒən] ♦ noun 1 a particular time: I've heard him speak on several occasions. زمان؛ وقت بخصوص 2 a special event: The wedding was a great occasion. اتفاق ocˈcasional ♦ adjective happening, done etc now and then: I take an occasional trip to London. گهگاهی؛ چند وقت یکبار ocˈcasionally ♦ adverb now and then: I occasionally go to the theatre. گهگاه /ǝ kā´zhǝn, ō kā´-/ n., vt. ● فرصت،اکازیون،یارا،وایست I never had the occasion to meet him هرگز فرصت ملاقات او دست نداد. on the next occasion در فرصت بعدی if the occasion arises اگر فرصتی دست بدهد he used the occasion to express his criticisms او از فرصت استفاده کرد و انتقادات خود را بیان نمود. ● علت،موجب،دلیل،باعث،سبب a chance meeting was the occasion of the renewal of their friendship یک ملاقات تصادفی موجب تجدید دوستی آنها شد. what's the occasion for this banquet? این سور برای چه داده می‌شود؟ an inspiring teacher was the occasion for her great achievements in science یک معلم الهام گر سبب دستیابی‌های عظیم او در علوم شد. ● رویداد،رخداد،اتفاق،واقعه he wears a tie only on special occasions او فقط در مواقع بخصوصی کراوات می‌زند. a happy occasion رویداد مسرت انگیز ● وقت بخصوص،هنگام رویداد،زمان رخداد چیزی،زمان،وقت،هنگام this is not an occasion for joking حالا وقت شوخی نیست. ● (مهجور - جمع) نیازها،الزامات،بایسته‌ها،ضرورت‌ها ● (قدیمی) کار و بار،کار و زندگی،کاسبی ● موجب شدن،باعث شدن،سبب شدن the storm occasioned another delay in our plans طوفان موجب تاخیر دیگری در برنامه‌های ما شد. * be equal to the occasion از فرصت استفاده کردن،از عهده بر آمدن * if the occasion arises اگر فرصت دست بدهد * on occasion گاه و بی‌گاه،گهگاه،بعضی اوقات،چند وقت یک‌بار * on the occasion of به مناسبت،به خاطر،در هنگام (روی دادن چیزی) on the occasion of his daughter's wedding به مناسبت ازدواج دخترش * rise to the occasion از فرصت استفاده کردن،حق چیزی را ادا کردن،خوب از عهده برآمدن * take the occasion از فرصت استفاده کردن I would like to take the occasion to thank my kind hosts می‌خواهم از فرصت استفاده کرده و از میزبانان مهربانم سپاسگزاری کنم. noun 1 a particular time or instance of an event. on one occasion I stayed up until two in the morning synonyms: time , instance , moment , juncture , point , event , occurrence , affair , incident , episode , experience , situation , case , circumstance 2 reason; cause. it's the first time that I've had occasion to complain synonyms: reason , cause , call , grounds , justification , need , motive , inducement verb 1 cause (something). something vital must have occasioned this visit synonyms: cause , give rise to , bring about , result in , lead to , prompt , elicit , call forth , evoke , make for , produce , create , arouse , generate , engender , precipitate , provoke , stir up , inspire , spark (off) , trigger , beget

Answer 23

strict vegetarian strenger Vegetarier/strenge Vegetarierin strict criteria rigorose Kriterien strict upbringing strenge Erziehung strict curfew strenge Ausgangssperre strict conventions strenge Konventionen strict controls strikte Kontrollen strict laws strenge Gesetze strict guidelines strenge Richtlinien strict neutrality strikte Neutralität strict Catholics strenggläubige Katholiken strict diet strenge Diät strict penalty harte Strafe strict deadline unbedingt einzuhaltender Termin strict censorship strenge Zensur to give strict orders strenge Anweisungen geben in strict privacy streng vertraulich in strict secrecy unter strenger Geheimhaltung strict time limit festgesetzte Frist they are under strict orders sie haben strenge Anweisungen strict [strikt] ♦ adjective 1 severe, stern, and compelling obedience: This class needs a strict teacher; His parents were very strict with him; The school rules are too strict; strict orders. خشك 2 exact or precise: If the strict truth were known, he was drunk, not ill. دقيق ˈstrictness ♦ noun . سخت گيري ˈstrictly ♦ adverb . دقيقا strictly speaking if we must be completely accurate, act according to rules etc : Strictly speaking, he should be punished for this. به معناي دقيق ● دقیق،مشخص،روشن in the strict sense of the word در معنی دقیق آن واژه a strict interpretation of this poem یک برداشت دقیق از این شعر a strict translation ترجمه‌ی دقیق ● سختگیر،سخت،جدی،سختگیرانه،فرسخت،فرسختانه a strict father یک پدر سختگیر strict regulations concerning alcoholic drinks مقررات سخت در مورد نوشابه‌های الکلی ● کامل،درست،بسمند،بی‌چون و چرا،مطلق strict secrecy راز پوشی کامل the strict observance of the law پیروی بی‌چون و چرا از قانون the strict truth واقعیت درست ● شدید،ستهم strict discipline انضباط شدید ● اکید،صریح،موکد،سپارده،سختار the officer's strict orders to the guards دستورات اکید افسر به نگهبانان ● (قدیمی) تنگ،باریک ● (گیاه شناسی) شق،راست a strict stem ساقه‌ی راست * strictly, adj. دقیقا،سختگیرانه،کاملا،اکیدا،شدیدا،مطلقا smoking is strictly prohibited سیگار کشیدن مطلقا ممنوع است. adjective 1 demanding that rules concerning behavior are obeyed and observed. my father was very strict synonyms: stern , severe , harsh , uncompromising , authoritarian , governessy , firm , austere

Answer 24

to prohibit sth expressly etw ausdrücklich untersagen to specifically mention/prohibit sth etw ausdrücklich erwähnen/verbieten to prohibit sb from doing sth jdm verbieten [o. untersagen] , etw zu tun legislation against [or to prohibit] smoking in public places Gesetze, die das Rauchen in der Öffentlichkeit verbieten prohibit [prəˈhibit] ♦ verb to forbid: Smoking is prohibited. ممنوع کردن prohibition [prəuiˈbiʃən] ♦ noun 1 the act of prohibiting: We demand the prohibition by the government of the sale of this drug. ممنوعیت 2 a rule, law etc forbidding something: The headmaster issued a prohibition against bringing knives into school. منع ● ممنوع کردن،قدغن کردن،منع کردن،نهی کردن،بازمان کردن،بژکم کردن smoking is prohibited سیگار کشیدن ممنوع است. parking is prohibited پارک کردن (در اینجا) ممنوع است. people are prohibited from gathering in streets مردم حق ندارند در خیابان‌ها اجتماع کنند. ● جلوگیری کردن،ممانعت به‌عمل آوردن،مانع شدن،باز داری کردن lack of money prohibits the completion of the project فقدان پول مانع اتمام طرح است. [prō-,prəˈhibit] verb - prohibit ممنوع ساختن: ban, prohibit, forbid منع کردن: prevent, ban, forbid, prohibit, withhold, inhibit ممانعت کردن: prevent, prohibit, check, curb, forbid, impede اجازه ندادن: ban, forbid, interdict, prohibit تحریم کردن: boycott, ban, blackball, lock out, prohibit, proscribe

Answer 25

for lack of sth aus Mangel an etw Dat her paintings lack soul ihre Bilder wirken [kalt und] seelenlos a lack of ambition mangelnder Ehrgeiz lack of willingness mangelnde Bereitschaft lack of money/supplies Geld-/Vorratsmangel m lack of repentance Mangel m an Reue lack of funds fehlende Geldmittel lack of sleep/time Schlaf-/Zeitmangel m lack of confidence/judgement mangelndes Selbstvertrauen/Urteilsvermögen to lack punch keinen Schwung [o. Pep] haben to lack practicality in der Praxis kaum durchführbar sein to lack legs ugs sich Akk nicht halten können to lack coordination Koordinationsschwierigkeiten haben lack of character fehlende Originalität lack of purpose mangelnde Entschlossenheit to lack motivation nicht genügend motiviert [o. antriebsschwach] sein lack of fairness Mangel m an Gerechtigkeit lack of manpower Arbeitskräftemangel m lack [lӕk] ♦ verb to have too little or none of: He lacked the courage to join the army. نداشتن؛ کم داشتن ♦ noun the state of not having any or enough: our lack of money. کمبود؛ فقدان be lacking(with in) 1 to be without or not to have enough: He is lacking in intelligence. کم داشتن 2 to be absent; to be present in too little an amount: Money for the project is not lacking but enthusiasm is. نیاز داشتن؛ کم داشتن • Women who seek to be equal with men lack ambition. زنانی که می خواهند با مردان برابر شوند، بلند همت نیستند. • For the lack of something better to do, Tom started cleaning his room. تام به خاطر نداشتن کاری بهتر برای انجام دادن، شروع به تمیز کردن اتاقش کرد. تام شروع به تمیز کردن اناقش کرد. زیرا کار بهتری برای انجام دادن نداشت. Arianpur-OpenDictionary /lak/ n. ● کمبود،کمداشت،کمداشتن،کمبود داشتن،کسرداشتن lack of experience کمداشت تجربه what the company lacks is sufficient money to invest in modern machinery آنچه که شرکت کم دارد عبارتست از پول کافی برای سرمایه‌گذاری در ماشین آلات نوین lack of oxygen کمداشت اکسیژن lack of rain کمبود باران we lack space ما جا کم داریم. they lacked nothing but water آنها هیچ چیزی کم نداشتند بجز آب lacking two grams of being a kilo دو گرم مانده که یک کیلو بشود. ● نداشتن،فقدان،ناداشت،نایابی faith was the only thing lacking amongst them یگانه چیزی که در میان آنان وجود نداشت ایمان بود. there is a total lack of democracy in that country در آن کشور اصلا دموکراسی وجود ندارد. some communities still lack electricity and indoor plumbing برخی از جوامع هنوز برق و آب لوله‌کشی ندارند. ● (با: in یا for یا of) نیاز داشتن،بی بهره بودن they have mastered old learning but are lacking in modern sciences آنها علوم قدیم را یاد گرفته‌اند ولی از علوم جدید بی‌بهره‌اند. we are lacking for nothing right now هم اکنون به هیچ چیزی نیاز نداریم. * be lacking in (something) کمبود داشتن،(چیزی را) کسر داشتن [lak] noun - lack عدم: lack, absence, loss, deficiency, shortage, naught فقدان: lack, loss, absence, privation, forfeiture, bereavement نبودن: lack, absence کسری: shortage, lack, leakage احتیاج: need, requirement, necessity, lack, penury, requisite verb - lack نداشتن: lack, miss, want ناقص بودن: lack فاقد بودن: lack, miss, want کم داشتن: lack, want

Answer 26

to accuse sb of perjury jdn des Meineids beschuldigen to accuse sb of bias jdm Befangenheit vorwerfen to accuse sb of wrongdoing jdm Fehlverhalten vorwerfen to accuse sb of cruelty jdn der Grausamkeit bezichtigen [o. beschuldigen] to accuse sb of self-seeking jdm Selbstsucht vorwerfen accuse [əˈkjuːz] ♦ verb (with of ) to charge (someone) with having done something wrong: They accused him of stealing the car. متهم کردن ˌaccuˈsation [ӕ-] ♦ noun . اتهام the accused the person(s) accused in a court of law: The accused was found not guilty. متهم /ǝ kyōōz´/ vt. ● متهم کردن،اتهام وارد کردن،نسبت دادن،ملامت کردن،سرزنش کردن،مقصر دانستن accused of armed robbery متهم به دزدی مسلحانه ● تهمت زدن،بهتان زدن،نسبت دادن they accused her of laziness به او تهمت تنبلی زدند. the English accuse the Scottish of being stingy انگلیسی‌ها اسکاتلندی‌ها را خسیس می‌دانند. * the accused (حقوق) متهم،مدعی علیه،متهمان * to stand accused متهم بودن [əˈkyo͞oz] verb - accuse متهم کردن: accuse, incriminate, indict, denounce, impute, criminate متهم ساختن: accuse, charge تهمت زدن: slander, accuse, scandal, task, trump up

Answer 27

casual attitude gleichgültige Haltung xenophobic attitude fremdenfeindliche Haltung antiquated attitude altmodische Einstellung Austere attitude unbeugsame Haltung positive attitude optimistische [o. positive] Einstellung ambivalent attitude ambivalente Haltung nonconformist attitude nonkonformistische Einstellung despairing attitude hoffnungslose Einstellung provincial attitude provinzielle Einstellung cavalier attitude Unbekümmertheit f scornful attitude verächtliche Einstellung to adopt an attitude eine Haltung annehmen to strike an attitude abw sich Akk in Szene setzen abw gotta-have-it attitude muss-haben-Einstellung f self-complacent attitude Laisser-faire-Haltung f easy-going attitude Gelassenheit f can-do attitude Zuversicht f wait-and-see attitude abwartende Haltung prejudiced attitude/opinion vorgefasste Einstellung/Meinung attitude [ˈӕtitjuːd] ♦ noun 1 a way of thinking or acting etc : What is your attitude to politics? رویکرد؛ نگرش 2 a position of the body: The artist painted the model in various attitudes. حالت؛ طرز قرارگیری at´ǝ tōōd´/ n. ● حالت،ایستار،طرز قرارگیری،نهش to kneel in an attitude of prayer به حالت دعا زانو زدن ● (طرز) برخورد،(فکر یا احساس یا عمل) روش،گرایش،رویکرد،نگرش،خلق he had a friendly attitude برخوردی دوستانه داشت. ● (هواپیمایی) موقعیت هواپیما (و غیره) نسبت به خط یا سطح بخصوصی (مثلا افق) * strike an attitude رل بازی کردن،تو بازی رفتن،(مصنوعی) رفتار کردن،بازی درآوردن [ˈatiˌt(y)o͞od] noun - attitude گرایش: trend, tendency, orientation, propensity, attitude, tropism طرز برخورد: attitude, relation حالت: state, case, condition, situation, mood, attitude روش و رفتار: attitude هیئت: panel, commission, staff, attitude, format

Answer 28

preva·lent [ˈprevələnt, Am -vəl-] ADJ prevalent (common) vorherrschend attr prevalent disease weit verbreitet prevalent opinion geläufig prevalent opinion weit verbreitet prevalent (frequent) besonders häufig to be prevalent besonders häufig vorkommen adj. ● رایج،متداول،باب،مرسوم،رواج دار the beliefs prevalent among these tribes عقاید رایج در میان این طوایف illiteracy is still prevalent in this area بیسوادی هنوز در این ناحیه گسترده است. ● (بیماری) شایع malaria used to be prevalent in Gillan در گیلان مالاریا شایع بود. ● (نادر) موثرتر،پرزورتر،قوی،غالب * prevalence, n. 1- شیوع 2- گستردگی،رواج،عمومیت adjective - prevalent شایع: prevalent, rampant, widespread, rife, publicized, current رایج: current, prevalent, going, ruling, brisk متداول: common, popular, usual, current, prevalent, ordinary مرسوم: traditional, common, customary, usual, standard, prevalent فائق: surmounting, dominant, superior, predominant, excellent, prevalent برتر: superior, better, premier, preferable, higher, prevalent

Answer 29

everlasting gratitude ewige Dankbarkeit a debt of gratitude eine Dankesschuld geh expansive gratitude/speech überschwängliche Dankbarkeit/Ausdrucksweise undying love/gratitude ewige Liebe/Dankbarkeit to show [sb] one's gratitude sich Akk [jdm gegenüber] dankbar erweisen [o. zeigen] an expression of gratitude/sympathy ein Ausdruck m [o. Zeichen nt ] der Dankbarkeit/Sympathie as a token of my/our gratitude als [ein] Zeichen meiner/unserer Dankbarkeit to show/express deep/sincere/everlasting gratitude tiefe/aufrichtige/ewige Dankbarkeit zeigen/zum Ausdruck bringen to owe sb thanks/gratitude [or to owe thanks/gratitude to sb] form jdm zu Dank verpflichtet sein that's/there's sth for you abw there's gratitude for you! und so was nennt sich Dankbarkeit! ugs he gave her a gift to betoken his gratitude er gab ihr ein Geschenk als Zeichen seiner Dankbarkeit AU gratitude [ˈgrӕtitjuːd] ♦ noun the state of feeling grateful: I wish there was some way of showing my gratitude for all you have done for me. قدردانی The brightest student expressed gratitude on behalf of his classmates. با هوش‌ترین دانش‌آموز از طرف همکلاسی‌هایش ابراز تشکر کرد. ● امتنان،حق شناسی،سپاسگزاری،سپاس،قدردانی he expressed his gratitude for Iran's help مراتب حق شناسی خود را نسبت به کمک‌های ایران ابراز کرد. [ˈgratəˌt(y)o͞od] noun - gratitude حق شناسی: gratitude تشکر: thank, gratitude, acknowledgment سپاسگزاری: thank, gratitude, acknowledgment, thanksgiving, gratuity نمک شناسی: gratitude

Answer 30

Exklusivinterview nt exclusive occupation einzige Beschäftigung exclusive license Alleinlizenz f exclusive right Exklusivrecht nt exclusive privilege alleiniges Privileg to be mutually exclusive einander ausschließen in exclusive circles in besseren Kreisen exclusive clientele/membership exklusive Kundschaft/Mitgliedschaft is the total exclusive of service charge? ist das Bedienungsgeld nicht im Gesamtpreis enthalten? singing is not her exclusive interest outside work außerhalb ihrer Arbeit interessiert sie sich nicht nur fürs Singen these items are exclusive to the outlets we own diese Waren sind nur an unseren Verkaufsstellen zu erhalten this room is for the exclusive use of our guests dieser Raum ist nur für unsere Gäste bestimmt our exclusive designs are not intended for the mass market unsere exklusiven Designs sind nicht für die breite Masse gedacht exclusive [ikˈskluːsiv] ♦ adjective 1 tending to exclude. انحصاری؛ دربستی 2 (of a group etc ) not easily or readily mixing with others or allowing others in: a very exclusive club. اختصاصی؛ ویژه 3 given to only one individual or group etc : The story is exclusive to this newspaper. انحصاری؛ خاص 4 fashionable and expensive: exclusive shops/restaurants. اعیانی؛ دارای مشتریان ویژه exˈclusively ♦ adverb . منحصراً؛ صرفاً exˈclusiveness ♦ noun . انحصاری بودن exclusive of excluding: That is the price of the meal exclusive of service charge. بدون در نظر گرفتن؛ جدا از adj., n. ● انحصاری،دربستی،دربستگرانه،دربست،منحصر،مانعه‌الجمع we have the exclusive right to distribute this product ما حق انحصاری توزیع این کالا را دارا هستیم. the exclusive rights and privileges of the citizens حقوق و امتیازات منحصر به شهروندان these bears live exclusively on fish این خرس‌ها فقط ماهی می‌خورند (با ماهی زنده‌اند). ● اختصاصی،خصوصی،خاص،ویژه،ویژگانه،ویژگانی،ویژه‌ای،بخصوص an exclusive interest in sports علاقه‌ی ویژه به ورزش ● (باشگاه و غیره) بروندار،ویژه‌ی خواص،دربسته،جلوگیر،محروم ساز،طردگر an exclusive club that does not admit Blacks and Jews باشگاهی ویژه‌ی خواص که سیاهان و یهودیان را نمی‌پذیرد exclusive regulations مقررات ویژه ● (مغازه و غیره) اعیانی،دارای مشتریان ویژه an exclusive shop مغازه‌ی اعیانی an exclusive hotel هتل پولدارها ● صرف،تنها،تک،محض،یگانه an exclusive agent نماینده‌ی منحصر به فرد having an exclusive jurisdiction دارای قلمرو حقوقی یگانه ● گزیده،دستچین،منتخب ● (رسانه‌ها) گزارش ویژه ● کالای اختصاصی،کالای ویژه ● (دستور زبان) ضمیر انحصاری،واژه‌ی جدادار (مانند: only) * exclusive of بدون در نظر گرفتن،سوای،جدا از،به غیر از costs exclusive of taxes هزینه بدون احتساب مالیات adjective - exclusive انحصاری: exclusive, monopolized, pre-emptive منحصر: exclusive, limited, confined, restricted, limitary منحصر بفرد: individual, exclusive, sole, particular, monopolized تنها: only, alone, single, lonely, lone, exclusive دربست: exclusive, en bloc, lump انتصاری: exclusive گران: expensive, costly, dear, prohibitive, heavy, exclusive

Answer 31

verb proselytise (Brit.) convert someone to another religion or opinion; convert to another religion or faith; enlist someone to one's cause (also proselytize) proselytize [ pros-uh-li-tahyz ]SHOW IPA See synonyms for: proselytize / proselytized on Thesaurus.com verb (used with or without object), pros·e·lyt·ized, pros·e·lyt·iz·ing. to convert or attempt to convert as a proselyte; recruit to a religion or other belief system. I . pros·elyt·ize [ˈprɒsəlɪtaɪz, Am ˈprɑ:sə-] VERB trans Verbtabelle anzeigen to proselytize sb jdn bekehren

Answer 32

n. ● و غیره،هر چیز دیگر،متفرقه radio, television or whatnot رادیو و تلویزیون یا هر چیز دیگر ● تاقچه‌ی چوبی،جا کتابی what·not [ˈ(h)wɒtnɒt, Am ˈ(h)wʌtnɑ:t] SUBST no pl 1. whatnot ugs: and whatnot und was weiß ich noch alles ugs 2. whatnot (piece of furniture): whatnot Etagere f

Answer 33

to consider an appeal sich Akk mit einem Einspruch befassen consider yourself at home fühlen Sie sich wie zu Hause well, I'll consider it ich lasse es mir durch den Kopf gehen to consider sth sacrilege etw als ein Sakrileg betrachten consider yourself sacked! betrachten Sie sich als entlassen! consider it done! schon erledigt! ugs to consider oneself lucky that ... sich Akk glücklich schätzen können, dass ... do you consider her trustworthy? denkst du, man kann ihr vertrauen? to consider sb a genius jdn für ein Genie halten to consider/examine the possibilities alle Möglichkeiten durchdenken to deserve [or need] [or require] consideration der Überlegung bedürfen geh let us consider all the possibilities wollen wir einmal alle Möglichkeiten ins Auge fassen to consider the slate wiped clean etw als erledigt betrachten to consider the possibility of sth etw in Erwägung ziehen to consider sth from all angles etw von allen Seiten betrachten to consider sth in its totality etw im Ganzen [o. als Ganzes] betrachten he declined even to consider the idea er lehnte es schon ab, die Idee überhaupt in Erwägung zu ziehen you've got to consider the time factor Sie dürfen den Zeitfaktor nicht aus dem Auge verlieren JUR the jury retired to consider the verdict die Jury zog sich zur Urteilsfindung zurück consider it in terms of an instrument betrachten Sie es als Instrument consider [kənˈsidə] ♦ verb 1 to think about (carefully): He considered their comments. در نظر گرفتن؛ فکر کردن 2 to feel inclined towards: I'm considering leaving this job. در نظر داشتن 3 to take into account: You must consider other people's feelings. مورد ملاحظه قرار دادن 4 to regard as being: They consider him unfit for that job. به حساب آوردن conˈsiderable ♦ adjective great: considerable wealth; a considerable number of people. قابل ملاحظه؛ عظیم conˈsiderably ♦ adverb Considerably fewer people came than I expected. بطور قابل ملاحظه /kǝn sid´ǝr/ vt., vi. ● (در اصل) بررسی کردن،با دقت نگریستن،وارسیدن،وارسی کردن،بازبینی کردن ● موردملاحظه قرار دادن،غور کردن،مورد مطالعه قرار دادن،سگالیدن،مداقه کردن to consider the different aspects of a problem جنبه‌های گوناگون مسئله‌ای را مورد ملاحظه قرار دادن ● به حساب آوردن،در نظر گرفتن،در خاطر داشتن،انگاشتن،فکر کردن her health is very good if you consider her age با در نظر گرفتن سنش سلامتی او خیلی خوب است. I consider him a good person فکر می‌کنم (یا از نظر من) او آدم خوبی است. ● رعایت (دیگران را) کردن،ملاحظه کردن،برآوردن he considered her every wish همه‌ی خواسته‌های او را برآورده کرد. ● (پس از تفکر و بررسی) نظر دادن،معتقد بودن we consider that the defendant is not guilty نظر ما این است که خوانده (مدعی علیه) گناهکار نیست. * all things considered رویهمرفته،با در نظر گرفتن همه چیز • I don't suppose you'd consider helping Tom. فکر نکنم شما کمک به تام را مدنظر قرار دهید. • If you really need a job, why don't you consider working for Tom? اگر واقعا به یک شغل نیاز داری، چرا به کارکردن برای تام فکر نمی کنی؟ English to Persian and Thesaurus [kənˈsidər] verb - consider مطرح کردن: bring up, discuss, consider, moot, table, propound رسیدگی کردن: consider, attend, check, inspect, investigate, investigate ملاحظه کردن: consider, remark, heed, note, notice, observe سنجیدن: measure, evaluate, figure out, weigh, compare, consider تفکر کردن: meditate, contemplate, consider, ponder, chew, imagine فرض کردن: assume, presume, adjudge, consider, suppose, deem تعمق کردن: ponder, consider, deliberate, perpend, think over, turn over

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instinct [ˈinstiŋkt] ♦ noun a natural tendency to behave or react in a particular way, without thinking and without having been taught: As winter approaches, swallows fly south from Britain by instinct; He has an instinct for saying the right thing. غریزه inˈstinctive [-tiv] ♦ adjective arising from instinct or from a natural ability: Blinking our eyes is an instinctive reaction when something suddenly comes close to them; I couldn't help putting my foot on the brake when I saw the other car coming towards me – it was instinctive. غریزی inˈstinctively ♦ adverb . بطور غریزی in´stiŋkt´, ins tiŋkt´/ n., adj. ● غریزه،درون‌راند،سرشت،اقتضای طبیعت suckling is an instinct in mammals شیر خوردن از پستان (مادر) غریزه‌ی جانوران پستاندار است. birds have the instinct to fly پرندگان غریزه‌ی پرواز دارند. ... it is its instinct ... اقتضای طبیعتش این است. ● شم،استعداد،آما the religious instinct of primitive peoples شم مذهبی انسان‌های آغازین he has an instinct for politics او شم سیاسی دارد. ● (روانکاوی فروید: انگیزان آغازین روانی مانند ترس یا عشق یا خشم،انگیزان زندگی Eros یا انگیزان مرگ Thanatos) در انگیزان ● مملو(از)،آکنده،پر،سرشار a look instinct with pity نگاهی که ترحم از آن می‌بارد adjective - instinctive غریزی: instinctive, innate, inbred, natural adj. ● غریزی،درون‌راندی،سرشتی،جبلی،درانگیز،ناآموخته instinctive abilities are different from acquired ones توانایی‌های غریزی با توانایی‌های اکتسابی فرق دارد. an instinctive dread of mice ترس فطری از موش I instinctively blinked to avoid the bright light برای احتراز از نور شدید به طور غریزی چشم برهم زدم. • At the moment she saw a tall man with a gun standing in the doorway, she instinctively backed away. در آن لحظه که مردی بلندقد ایستاده با تفنگی را در راهرو دید به طور ناخودآگاه عقب عقب رفت.

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spontaneous buying Spontankauf m spontaneous miscarriage Spontanabort m fachspr will we ever be able to recreate the spontaneous enthusiasm for this cause? werden wir jemals in der Lage sein, die spontane Begeisterung für diese Angelegenheit wiederzuerlangen? spontaneous [spənˈteiniəs] ♦ adjective 1 said, done etc of one's own free will without pressure from others: His offer was quite spontaneous. خود به خود 2 natural; not forced: spontaneous behaviour. خود جوش sponˈtaneously ♦ adverb . sponˈtaneousness ♦ noun . spontaneity [spontəˈneiəti, spontəˈniːəti] ♦ noun . خود به خودي adj. ● خودانگیخته،خودبخود،خودجوش،خودآیند،بلامقدمه،خودانگیز،فی‌البدیهه his reaction was spontaneous rather than premeditated واکنش او خودبه خود بود نه از پیش تعیین شده. spontaneous abortion سقط جنین خودآیند spontaneous nosebleed خون دماغ خودبه خود spontaneous laughter خنده‌ی خودآیند spontaneous recovery from a disease بهبودیابی خودانگیخته از بیماری ● فوری،بی‌چون و چرا،آنی،بی شائبه a spontaneous expression of affection اظهار محبت بی‌شایبه spontaneous obedience اطاعت بی‌چون و چرا ● (گیاه) خودرو [spänˈtānēəs] adjective - spontaneous خود بخود: spontaneous, automatical, automatic خود انگیز: spontaneous بی اختیار: involuntary, spontaneous

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oun - proposal پیشنهاد: proposal, offer, suggestion, bid, proposition, motion طرح پیشنهادی: proposal اظهار: statement, declaration, say, saying, testimony, proposal ابراز: expression, manifestation, proposal a marriage proposal [or a proposal of marriage] ein Heiratsantrag m an indecent proposal [or suggestion] ein unsittlicher Antrag to present a proposal einen Vorschlag unterbreiten to defeat a proposal einen Vorschlag ablehnen to ditch a proposal einen Plan aufgeben to block a proposal einen Vorschlag blockieren to draft a proposal einen Vorschlag ausarbeiten a fallback proposal ein Kompromissvorschlag m to toss a proposal around übtr einen Vorschlag zur Debatte stellen to slam dunk a proposal einen Vorschlag niederschmettern to put up a proposal etwas vorschlagen an outburst against a proposal eine Attacke gegen einen Vorschlag to vote on a proposal über einen Vorschlag abstimmen to put forward a proposal einen Vorschlag unterbreiten to accede to a proposal in einen Vorschlag einwilligen to bring forward a proposal einen Vorschlag machen to table a plan/proposal einen Plan/Vorschlag zurückstellen übtr this proposal still needs some tweaking an diesem Vorschlag muss noch etwas herumgefeilt werden a watered-down version of the proposal eine abgemilderte Version des Vorschlags to speak against a motion/proposal einen Antrag/Vorschlag ablehnen • From time to time, a proposal to pull down a much-loved old building to make room for a new block of flats, raises a storm of angry protest. در مقاطعی از زمان، درخواست تخریب یک ساختمان قدیمی محبوب به منظور ساختن یک بلوک از خانه ها، طوفانی از خشم ومخالفت را برمی انگیزد. • I agree to your proposal. من تقاضایت را می پذیرم. • I cannot but object to his proposal. مجبورم به پیشنهادش اعتراض کنم. /prō pōz´ǝl, prǝ-/ n. ● پیشنهاد،طرح a proposal for mutual disarmament پیشنهاد خلع سلاح متقابل the proposal to build a new bridge طرح ساختن پل جدید legislative proposals لوایح پارلمانی his proposal was rejected پیشنهاد او رد شد. ● خواستگاری،خواستاری proposal of marriage خواستگاری برای ازدواج a sincere proposal of friendship دعوت صمیمانه به دوستی

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audience [ˈoːdiəns] ♦ noun 1 a group of people watching or listening to a performance etc : The audience at the concert; a television audience. حضار؛ شنوندگان 2 a formal interview with someone important eg a king: an audience with the Pope. شرفیابی؛ مصاحبه با مقامات بالا audience ends in -ence (not -ance ). live audience Live-Publikum nt appreciative audience dankbares Publikum private audience Privataudienz f captive audience unfreiwilliges Publikum passive audience lahmes Publikum to face the audience sich dem Publikum zuwenden Akk to reach an audience ein Publikum erreichen /ô´dē ǝns/ n. ● حضار،گردآمدگان،پیام‌گیران،(رادیو و غیره) شنوندگان،(فیلم و نمایش و غیره) تماشاگران،تماشاچیان،بینندگان،(کتاب و روزنامه و غیره) خوانندگان the audience liked his speech حضار از نطق او خوششان آمد. a writer should always consider his audience نویسنده باید همیشه خواننده‌ی خود را مد نظر داشته باشد. ● (مهجور) استماع،شنیدن،شنودپذیری ● فرصت بیان عقاید ● شرفیابی،باریابی،بارعام،به حضور رسیدن he finally had an audience with the prime minister بالاخره نزد نخست وزیر شرفیاب شد. • Everybody in the audience sang along. همه حضار همراه با خواننده می خوندند • She had to speak before a large audience. می‌بایست در مقابل حاضر زیادی سخنرانی کند. [ˈôdēəns] noun - audience حضار: audience, attendance, grandstand مستمعین: audience ملاقات رسمی: audience شنودگان: audience بار: load, bar, burden, charge, cargo, audience

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großbuchstaben kleinbuchstaben

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to standardize sth etw standardisieren [o. norm[ier]en] 2. standardize (compare): to standardize sth etw vereinheitlichen to standardize on sth etw zum Vorbild nehmen [ˈstandərˌdīz] verb - standardize متعارف کردن: standardize مطابق درجه معینی دراوردن: standardize همگون کردن: standardize مرسوم کردن: introduce, standardize /stan´dǝr dīz´/ vt. ● استانده کردن،همگون کردن،یکجور کردن،میزان دار کردن a standardized program for all of our schools برنامه‌ی استانده شده برای همه‌ی مدارس ما ● (با معیار یا ضابطه‌ی معین) سنجیدن،برسنجیدن

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US UK AU indicate [ˈindikeit] ♦ verb to point out or show: We can paint an arrow here to indicate the right path. نشان دادن ˌindiˈcation ♦ noun There are clear indications that the war will soon be over; He had given no indication that he was intending to resign. نشانه؛ اشاره indicative [inˈdikətiv] ♦ adjective, ♦ noun describing verbs which occur as parts of statements and questions: In `I ran home' and `Are you going?' `ran' and `are going' are indicative (verbs). خبری ˈindicator ♦ noun a pointer, sign, instrument etc which indicates something or gives information about something: the indicator on the petrol gauge of a car. نشانگر initial results indicate that ... die ersten Hochrechnungen deuten darauf hin, dass ... to indicate left/right links/rechts blinken to indicate ingredients Inhaltsstoffe aufführen to indicate [to sb] that ... [jdm] zu verstehen geben, dass ... to indicate one's displeasure at sth sein Missfallen über etw Akk zum Ausdruck bringen [o. geben] /in´di kāt´/ vt. ● نشان دادن،اشاره کردن the students' laughter indicated their happiness خنده‌ی شاگردان شادی آنها را نشان می‌داد. the map indicates the location of his tomb نقشه،محل قبر او را نشان می‌دهد. ● حاکی بودن از،نشانه بودن،دلالت کردن بر،مشعر بودن،بیان کردن his silence indicates consent سکوت او علامت رضایت است. fever indicates illness تب نشانه‌ی بیماری است. ● ایجاب کردن،ضروری ساختن the scientists' conflicting findings indicate further research یافته‌های متغایر دانشمندان،ضرورت پژوهش بیشتر را نشان می‌دهد. a fabric for which dry cleaning is indicated پارچه‌ای که باید خشک شویی شود. ● (پزشکی) تجویز کردن bed rest is indicated استراحت در بستر تجویز می‌شود. ● به طور مجمل بیان کردن،خاطر نشان کردن to indicate guidlines for action رهنمودهای کار را بیان کردن [ˈindiˌkāt] verb - indicate نشان دادن: show, demonstrate, display, illustrate, represent, indicate نمایان ساختن: detect, indicate حاکی بودن: indicate, portend اشاره کردن بر: indicate, infer, suggest

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distinguish [diˈstiŋgwiʃ] ♦ verb 1 (often with from ) to mark as different: What distinguishes this café from all the others? مشخص کردن 2 to identify or make out: He could just distinguish the figure of a man running away. تشخیص دادن؛ دریافتن 3 (sometimes with between ) to recognize a difference: I can't distinguish (between) the two types – they both look the same to me. فرق گذاشتن؛ از هم تشخیص دادن 4 to make (oneself) noticed through one's achievements: He distinguished himself at school by winning a prize in every subject. ممتاز کردن؛ برجسته کردن diˈstinguishable ♦ adjective . قابل تشخیص diˈstinguished ♦ adjective famous or outstanding: a distinguished scientist. مشهور؛ برجسته to distinguish a case JUR den Unterschied zu einem Präzedenzfall herausstellen to distinguish between sth and sth zwischen etw Dat und etw Dat unterscheiden to be able to distinguish good from evil Gut von Böse voneinander unterscheiden können it's often difficult to distinguish one from the other es ist oft schwierig, sie auseinanderzuhalten they look very similar and it's difficult to distinguish one from the other sie sehen sich sehr ähnlich, und es ist oft schwer sie auseinanderzuhalten /di stiŋ´gwish/ vt., vi. ● تمیز دادن،فرق گذاشتن،بازشناختن،نیمادن،تشخیص دادن he cannot distinguish between colors او رنگ‌ها را تشخیص نمی‌دهد. he doesn't distinguish good from evil او خوب و بد را از هم تمیز نمی‌دهد. ● مشخص کردن،ویژگی (چیزی) بودن reason distinguishes man from beasts عقل انسان را از حیوان مشخص می‌کند. ● (با هریک از حواس پنجگانه) دریافتن،پی‌بردن،درک کردن the fog made it difficult to distinguish their shapes مه،پی‌بردن به شکل‌های آنها را مشکل می‌کرد. ● جدا کردن و طبقه‌بندی کردن he could not distinguish musical notes into anything other than high or low او نمی‌توانست نت‌های موسیقی را به چیزی جز زیر و بم طبقه‌بندی کند. ● (برجسته و مفتخر کردن) ممتاز کردن،برتر نمودن he distinguished himself in battle او در نبرد برتری خود را نشان داد. [disˈtiNGgwiSH] verb - distinguish تمیز دادن: distinguish, discern, identify, individualize, individuate تشخیص دادن: distinguish, recognize, diagnose, discern, assess, descry مشخص کردن: specify, determine, characterize, define, distinguish وجه تمایز قائل شدن: distinguish تمبز دادن: distinguish دیفرانسیل گرفتن: distinguish مشهور کردن: distinguish, fame, glorify فرو نشاندن: quench, quell, suppress, tranquilize, curb, distinguish دیدن: see, view, sight, vision, look, distinguish

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bias [ˈbaiəs] ♦ noun 1 favouring of one or other (side in an argument etc ) rather than remaining neutral: a bias against people of other religions. گرایش؛ تمایل 2 a weight on or in an object (eg a bowl for playing bowls) making it move in a particular direction. نیروی محرک؛ جهت دهنده ♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈbias(s)ed – to influence (usually unfairly): He was biased by the report in the newspapers. غرض ورزی کردن؛ دارای گرایش کردن ˈbias(s)ed ♦ adjective (negative unbias(s)ed ) favouring one side rather than another: a biased judgement. مغرض ● (خط یا سجاف یا نواره‌ی) اریب،درز اریبی،اریبی،مورب ● گرایش،تمایل،انحراف،خمش،سوگیری،کژگرایی،کژی a chronic bias toward inflation گرایش گهگیر به تورم اقتصادی a bias toward a certain type of personality تمایل نسبت به گونه‌ی ویژه‌ای از شخصیت the university is more biased towards the sciences دانشگاه نسبت به علوم تمایل بیشتری دارد. ● دارای گرایش کردن،کژگرای کردن،دارای انحراف کردن their policy had no educational bias سیاست آنها گرایش آموزشی نداشت. ● تبعیض،سوداری،غرض،غرضمندی،مغرض بودن the bias against women تبعیض نسبت به زنان they were biased against Hindus نسبت به هندوها غرض داشتند. in her husband's biased eyes she is the most beautiful woman on earth از دید شوهر شیفته‌اش،او خوشگل‌ترین زن روی زمین است. ● (رادیو) نیروی محرک ورودی،پیش قدر،بایاس ● (آمار) خطا،تورش biased sampling نمونه‌برداری غیر تصادفی (سوگیرانه) ● (مهجور) کج،یک وری * on the bias اریب،مورب،میانبر [ˈbīəs] noun - bias تعصب: prejudice, bias, bigotry, fanaticism, zeal, intolerance پیشقدر: bias تمایل بیک طرف: bias سینه کش: escarpment, downhill, hillside, bias, declivity adjective - bias مورب: diagonal, oblique, bevel, skew, bias, askew verb - bias تحت تاثیر قرار دادن: impress, bias بیک طرف متمایل کردن: bias تبعیض کردن: bias, prejudice electrode bias Elektrodenvorspannung f upward bias positive Verzerrung bias-cutting Schrägschnitt m bias-cut schräg geschnitten to exhibit bias voreingenommen sein strong bias [or prejudice] unüberwindliches Vorurteil on the bias diagonal [o. schräg] zum Fadenlauf likelihood of bias JUR Besorgnis f der Befangenheit to accuse sb of bias jdm Befangenheit vorwerfen to reinforce sb's prejudices [or bias] jds Vorurteile bestätigen to show a bias/enthusiasm for sth eine Vorliebe/Begeisterung für etw Akk zeigen to have a bias against sth gegen etw Akk eine Abneigung haben to challenge a judge on grounds of bias Am einen Richter wegen Besorgnis der Befangenheit ablehnen

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[t(ə)ˈwôrd,tôrd] preposition - toward نسبت به: than, toward, into بسوی: to, toward, unto, into, against, at بطرف: toward, to, into, at, unto, on در راه: toward نزدیک به: toward در باره: about, on, concerning, of, toward, re روی: on, over, in, upon, aboard, toward برای: for, to, on, for the sake, in order that, toward adjective - toward اینده: next, forthcoming, oncoming, incoming, toward, to-be Photo Translator Turn your camera into a Translator (OCR) he leaned toward her er lehnte sich zu ihr hinüber she walked toward him sie ging auf ihn zu plants turn toward the light Pflanzen wenden sich dem Licht zu to work toward a solution auf eine Lösung hinarbeiten a trend toward healthier eating ein Trend [hin] zu gesünderer Ernährung to feel sth toward sb jdm gegenüber etw empfinden [o. fühlen] sb's indulgent attitude toward sth jds tolerante Einstellung gegenüber etw Dat to push the nation toward recovery die Nation auf den Weg des wirtschaftlichen Aufschwungs bringen to take a step toward sb einen Schritt auf jdn zu machen they are working toward a degree sie arbeiten auf einen Abschluss hin our seats were toward the back unsere Plätze waren recht weit hinten toward midnight/the end of the year gegen Mitternacht/Ende des Jahres she kept glancing toward the telephone sie sah immerzu in Richtung Telefon they've always been friendly toward me mir gegenüber waren sie immer freundlich she has a tendency toward dramatization sie neigt dazu, alles zu dramatisieren toward Easter/the first of June um Ostern/den ersten Juni herum that's part of her attitude toward life das ist Teil ihrer Lebenseinstellung he ran towards [or toward] the light er rannte dem Licht entgegen to gear oneself to [or toward] [or towards] sth sich Akk auf etw Akk einstellen we're well toward the front of the queue wir sind ziemlich weit vorne in der Schlange /tôrd; tō´ǝrd; tō ǝrd, tôrd/ prep., adj. ● به سوی،در جهت،به طرف (towards هم می‌نویسند) her back was toward me پشت او به طرف من بود. he was driving toward town به طرف شهر رانندگی می‌کرد. troops heading toward the front سربازانی که به طرف جبهه می‌رفتند he pulled the plate of rice toward himself بشقاب پلو را به سوی خودش کشید. Parviz came towards me پرویز به سوی من آمد. we are all striving towards a common goal ما همگی در جهت هدف مشترکی کوشا هستیم. steps toward peace گام‌هایی به سوی صلح ● به،برای،نسبت به،به خاطر a tendency toward mischief تمایل به شیطنت pressure toward conformity فشار برای هم نواسازی a tendency toward socialism گرایش به سوسیالیسم her attitude towards life is not good نگرش او نسبت به زندگی خوب نیست. with malice toward none با بداندیشی نسبت به هیچ کس sensitive towards this medication دارای حساسیت نسبت به این دارو ● نزدیک (به)،مجاور،(در) حدود،در حوالی there were toward five hundred persons نزدیک به پانصد نفر آنجا بودند. toward the dinner hour حدود وقت شام toward the end of the winter در حدود آخر زمستان one afternoon toward sundown یک روز بعدازظهر در حوالی غروب آفتاب ● در شرف وقوع the government was privy to what was toward دولت از آنچه که در حال وقوع بود اطلاع داشت. ● (نادر) خوش یمن،آمددار،نیک فرجام ● (نادر) مطیع،رام،فرمان بردار

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noun [punc·tu·a·tion || ‚pʌŋ(k)tʃʊ'eɪʃn] system of symbols used to divide or clarify text (such as !, ?, ", etc.); act of placing punctuation marks within text; vocalization; act of emphasizing

Answer 45

US UK AU suppose [səˈpəuz] ♦ verb 1 to think probable; to believe or guess: Who do you suppose telephoned today?; `I suppose you'll be going to the meeting?' `Yes, I suppose so / No, I don't suppose so.'; Do you suppose she'll win?; `Surely her statement can't be correct?' `No, I suppose not'. فرض كردن 2 to accept as true for the sake of argument; to consider as a possibility: (Let's) suppose we each had $100 to spend; Suppose the train's late – what shall we do? قرار است 3 used to make a suggestion or give an order in a polite way: Suppose we have lunch now!; Suppose you make us a cup of tea! چه مي شود اگر supˈposing if: Supposing she doesn't come, what shall we do? فرض كنيم كه be supposed to (be/doetc ) 1 to have the reputation of (being etc ): He's supposed to be the best doctor in the town. بايد 2 to be expected or obliged to (do something etc ): You're supposed to make your own bed every morning. I suppose/don't suppose wohl/wohl kaum suppose he was there ... angenommen er war hier ... no, I suppose not nein, ich denke [wohl] nicht I suppose so wahrscheinlich to little suppose/think [that] ... nicht annehmen/denken, [dass] ... suppose A was B's sister angenommen A wäre die Schwester von B suppose we leave right away? wie wär's, wenn wir jetzt gleich fahren würden? I'm very popular, I suppose ich bin sehr beliebt, nehm' ich mal an I suppose you couldn't ... [or I don't suppose you could ...] Sie könnten mir nicht zufällig ... to suppose sb/sth to be sth jdn/etw für etw Akk halten I suppose you think that's funny du hältst das wohl auch noch für komisch can I watch television? — I suppose so darf ich fernsehen? — na gut, meinetwegen [o. von mir aus] what time do you suppose he'll be arriving? wann, glaubst du, wird er ankommen? I suppose muggins here will have to clear up! ich schätze, dass ich wieder der Dumme bin und aufräumen muss it is a fallacy to suppose [or think] that ... es ist ein Irrtum anzunehmen, dass ... I suppose we're stuck with each other for the duration sieht so aus, als müssten wir es bis auf weiteres miteinander aushalten is this that the correct answer? — I suppose so ist das die richtige Antwort? — ich glaube schon [o. ja] I suppose all the tickets will be sold by now die Tickets werden wohl inzwischen ausverkauft sein I suppose we'll just have to wait for the inevitable ich vermute, wir müssen einfach auf das Unvermeidliche warten • I suppose it makes sense to go ahead and pay the bill right now. به نظرم عاقلانه ست همین الان بری و قبض رو پرداخت کنی • I suppose that behind each thing we have to do, there's something we want to do... به نظر من، در ورای هر چیزی که مجبور به انجام دادنش هستیم، چیزی هست که مایل به انجام آن هستیم… • I don't suppose you know anything about Tom, do you? فکر نکنم شما چیزی راجع به تام بدانید. می دانید؟ • I don't suppose you'd consider helping Tom. فکر نکنم شما کمک به تام را مدنظر قرار دهید. • Imagine a problem such as this: Suppose your brother has a car accident. مشکلی نظیر این را تصور کنید: فرض کنید اتومبیل برادرتان تصادف کرده است ● فرض کردن،گرفتن،انگاشتن،پنداشتن،گمان کردن suppose your father were learned ... گیرم پدر تو بود فاضل ... I suppose many are weaker than you are ... گرفتم زتو ناتوان تر بسی‌ست ... let's suppose you are wealthy فرض کنیم که تو پولدار هستی. everyone supposes him to be cruel but he is really a kind man همه می‌پندارند که او ظالم است ولی واقعا مرد مهربانی است. ● حدس زدن،(حدسا) فکر کردن I suppose you are right فکر می‌کنم که حق با شماست. why do you suppose she came? حدس می‌زنی به چه منظوری آمد؟ ● رجوع شود به: presuppose ● اگر ... چی‌؟ suppose they don't come! اگر نیایند چی‌! suppose he dies! اگر بمیرد چی‌! ● قرار است که ...،باید،وظیفه‌ی تو است که ... he is supposed to telephone قرار است که تلفن بزند. children are not supposed to be sent to war بچه‌ها نباید به جنگ فرستاده شوند. verb - suppose پنداشتن: deem, suppose, count, assume, take, fancy فرض کردن: assume, presume, adjudge, consider, suppose, deem خیال کردن: deem, guess, reckon, suppose, think انگاشتن: imagine, assume, suppose گمان کردن: reckon, suppose, suspect, think

Answer 46

aid [eid] ♦ noun help: Rich countries give aid to developing countries; The teacher uses visual aids; He came to my aid when my car broke down. کمک ♦ verb to help: I was aided in my search by the library staff. کمک کردن in aid of as a financial help to (a charity etc ): The collection is in aid of the blind. برای کمک به aid organization Hilfsorganisation f slimming aid Schlankmacher m ugs emergency aid Soforthilfe f hearing aid Hörgerät nt financial aid finanzielle Hilfe [o. Unterstützung] foreign aid Entwicklungshilfe f walking aid Gehhilfe f to render aid [or assistance] Hilfe leisten government aid [or support] staatliche Unterstützung ● کمک،یاری،همدستی،همیاری،مساعدت،معاضدت financial and technical aid to African countries کمک‌های مالی و فنی به کشورهای افریقا with the aid of friends به یاری دوستان ● کمک کردن،یاری کردن he aided me in my hour of need او به هنگام نیاز مرا یاری کرد. ● ور دست،یاور،کمک،یار،معاون،دستیار،مددکار،پیشکار the physician and his aid(e) came پزشک و دستیارش آمدند. an engineer's aid کمک مهندس ● وسیله‌ی کمک audiovisual aids تسهیلات سمعی ـ بصری first aids کمک‌های اولیه ● (تاریخ انگلیس) خراج،باجی که رعیت به لرد می‌داد،کمک هزینه‌ای که در مواقع ویژه به شاه داده می‌شد noun - aid کمک: help, aid, assistance, helping, support, relief مساعدت: assistance, aid, help, favor, backstop, favour یاری: help, helping, aid, succor, adjutancy, companionship حمایت: protection, patronage, aid, aegis, shelter, vindication یاور: adjuvant, helper, collaborator, assistant, aid, adjutant مدد کار: aid معونت: aid هم دست: accomplice, collaborator, complice, adjoint, aid, associate verb - aid کمک کردن: help, assist, aid, facilitate, boost, bestead یاری کردن: assist, succor, help, aid, bestead, succour مساعدت کردن: help, aid, assist حمایت کردن: support, protect, defend, aid, assert, stead پشتیبانی کردن: support, backup, aid, champion, prop, rally

Answer 47

tend1 [tend] ♦ verb to take care of; to look after: A shepherd tends his sheep. مراقبت کردن ˈtender ♦ noun 1 a person who looks after something: a bartender. مراقب 2 a small boat which carries stores or passengers to and from a larger boat. قایق ویژه حمل مسافر و بار از کشتی به ساحل ● گرایش داشتن،متمایل بودن،میل داشتن modern designs tend to simplicity طرح‌های جدید به سادگی تمایل دارند. he tends towards extreme views او نسبت به عقاید افراطی گرایش دارد. ● رو به سویی داشتن،به طرفی متوجه بودن (یا رفتن) this road tends south این جاده رو به جنوب است (به جنوب می‌رود). the ideals toward which the revolution continually tended آرمان‌هایی که انقلاب دایما به سوی آنها می‌رفت ● آمادگی داشتن،احتمال داشتن women tend to live longer than men احتمال طول عمر زن‌ها از مردها بیشتر است. it tends to snow here a lot in winter هنگام زمستان در اینجا احتمال برف زیاد است. this motor tends to overheat این موتور زود داغ می‌شود. ● انجامیدن،رسیدن به،منتج شدن this kind of attitude tends to defeat اینگونه طرز برخورد به شکست خواهد انجامید. /tend/ vt., vi. ● پرستاری کردن،پروردن،تیمار کردن،پرورش دادن to tend plants گیاه پرورش دادن to tend the sick از بیماران پرستاری کردن ● مراقبت کردن،پاییدن،نگهداری کردن،مواظبت کردن who is tending the store in your absence? در غیاب تو،کی از مغازه مراقبت می‌کند؟ ● (کشتیرانی) آماده بودن،هشیار بودن،مواظب بودن ● توجه کردن (به)،رسیدگی کردن،پرداختن به you mind your own business and I'll tend to mine تو سرت به کار خودت باشد و من هم به کارهای خودم می‌رسم (در کار من دخالت نکن). * tend on خدمت کردن،دست به سینه جلوی کسی ایستادن،تیمار کردن /tend/ vt., vi. ● پرستاری کردن،پروردن،تیمار کردن،پرورش دادن to tend plants گیاه پرورش دادن to tend the sick از بیماران پرستاری کردن ● مراقبت کردن،پاییدن،نگهداری کردن،مواظبت کردن who is tending the store in your absence? در غیاب تو،کی از مغازه مراقبت می‌کند؟ ● (کشتیرانی) آماده بودن،هشیار بودن،مواظب بودن ● توجه کردن (به)،رسیدگی کردن،پرداختن به you mind your own business and I'll tend to mine تو سرت به کار خودت باشد و من هم به کارهای خودم می‌رسم (در کار من دخالت نکن). * tend on خدمت کردن،دست به سینه جلوی کسی ایستادن،تیمار کردن

Answer 48

increase [inˈkriːs] ♦ verb to (cause to) grow in size, number etc : The number of children in this school has increased greatly in recent years. افزایش یافتن [ˈinkriːs]noun (the amount, number etc added by) growth: There has been some increase in business; The increase in the population over the last ten years was 40,000. افزایش؛ رشد inˈcreasingly ♦ adverb more and more: It became increasingly difficult to find helpers. بطور فزاینده on the increase becoming more frequent or becoming greater: Acts of violence are on the increase. رو به افزایش increasing prices steigende Preise increasing efforts verstärkte Anstrengungen with increasing frequency immer öfter ever-increasing demand for sth ständig wachsende Nachfrage nach etw Dat the sophistication of computers is increasing Computer werden technisch immer ausgefeilter the stridency of the demands is increasing die Forderungen werden mit vergrößerter Schärfe gestellt the number of unfilled teaching posts is increasing die Zahl der offenen Stellen in Lehrberufen steigt an pressure to abandon the new motorway is increasing die Forderungen, die neuen Autobahnpläne zu verwerfen, werden lauter this has the effect of increasing the temperature dies bewirkt eine Steigerung der Temperatur verb - increase زیاد شدن: increase, augment, grow, gain, mount, proliferate افزودن: add, increase, enhance, augment, append, eke زیاد کردن: increase, augment, raise, propagate, add, boost توسعه دادن: develop, expand, extend, enlarge, increase, outstretch توانگر کردن: enrich, increase ترفیع دادن: elevate, pedestal, increase, promote تکثیر کردن: multiply, reproduce, duplicate, increase, mimeograph, propagate adjective becoming greater, expanding, growing noun enlarging, expanding, growing increase noun [in·crease || ɪn'krɪːs] growth, expansion; addition; enlargement; escalation; reproduction verb [in·crease || ɪn'krɪːs] enlarge, add to, augment; multiply; raise, heighten, intensify

Answer 49

[ˈkapCHər] verb - capture گرفتن: take, catch, grab, capture, obtain, receive اسیر کردن: capture, enthrall, captivate, enthral مبتلا کردن: capture, seize noun - capture تسخیر: capture, conquest, winning دستگیری: capture, apprehension, charity /-chǝr/ n., vt. ● (با زور یا مهارت یا غافلگیری) گرفتن،ستاندن،استاندن،دستگیر کردن،اسیر کردن in order to capture the imagination of youth به منظور جلب تخیل جوانان the Russians captured Berlin روس‌ها برلن را گرفتند. a captured thief دزد دستگیر شده they captured two German soldiers آنها دو سرباز آلمانی را اسیر کردند. the Japanese captured thirty percent of the country's market ژاپنی‌ها سی درصد بازار کشور را به دست آوردند. ● دستگیری،اسارت،تسخیر،تسخیر کردن،به دست آوردن the capture of Majnoon island گرفتن جزیره‌ی مجنون the capture of the escaped prisoners دستگیری زندانیان فراری ● غنیمت،یغما ● (از راه نقاشی یا نگارش یا عکس و غیره) ضبط کردن،مجسم کردن in his paintings, he masterfully captures the beauty of spring او در نقاشی‌های خود زیبایی بهار را استادانه مجسم می‌کند. ● (فیزیک) جذب ذره‌ی بنیادی اتم توسط هسته‌ی اتم (به ویژه جذب نوترون یا الکترون که موجب برون تابی اشعه گردد)،این فعل و انفعال را ایجاد کردن،گیرش to capture sb's sympathy jds Sympathie gewinnen to capture a city eine Stadt einnehmen [o. erobern] to capture a ship ein Schiff kapern [o. aufbringen] to capture the market den Markt erobern to capture a treasure einen Schatz erobern to elude capture der Gefangennahme entgehen to capture sb's attention/interest jds Aufmerksamkeit/Interesse erregen to capture sth in a painting/on film etw in einem Bild/auf Film festhalten

Answer 50

trivia [ˈtriviə] ♦ noun plural unimportant matters or details: I haven't time to worry about such trivia. چیزهای کم اهمیت و پیش پا افتاده ˈtrivial ♦ adjective 1 of very little importance: trivial details. کم اهمیت 2 (especially of people) only interested in unimportant things; not at all serious: She's a very trivial person. کم مایه؛ سطحی نگر ˈtrivially ♦ adverb . بطور پیش پا افتاده ˌtriviˈality [-ˈa-] ♦ noun 1 the state of being trivial. پیش پا افتادگی 2 (plural triviˈalities ) something which is trivial: He is always worrying about some triviality or other. امر پیش پا افتاده n.pl. ● چیزهای کم اهمیت و پیش پا افتاده ● داده‌های کم اهمیت یا کم شناخته a trivia contest مسابقه‌ی پرسش و پاسخ (درباره‌ی داده‌های کم شناخته) noun [triv·i·a || 'trɪvɪə] inconsequential things or facts, trivial details, trifles trivium noun (during the Middle Ages) three lowest of the seven liberal arts (grammar, rhetoric, and logic)

Answer 51

[ˌesəˈterik] adjective - esoteric رمزی: coded, symbolic, secret, encoded, cryptic, esoteric محرمانه: confidential, secret, private, arcane, closed, esoteric مبهم: vague, ambiguous, obscure, enigmatic, opaque, esoteric سری: classified, secretive, esoteric, undercover, mysterious, occult درونی: internal, inner, innermost, inward, interior, esoteric مشکوک: suspicious, doubtful, fishy, dubious, questionable, esoteric داخلی: internal, interior, inner, indoor, inward, esoteric /es´ǝ ter´ik/ adj. ● (در مورد فکر و نوشته و غیره - قابل درک توسط عده‌ی معدودی از خواص) رمزگونه،پرخیده،پر ایما و اشاره،غامض some of his predictions are so esoteric that only a few of his followers understand their meaning برخی از پیشگویی‌های او آنقدر غامض است که فقط معدودی از پیروانش معنی آن را می‌فهمند. ● دشوار،مشکل (از نظر فهم) ● خودمانی،محرمانه،مستور،پوشیده،(در برابر: ناپرخیده،عمومی exoteric) an esoteric plan نقشه‌ی محرمانه

Answer 52

US UK AU sequence [ˈsiːkwəns] ♦ noun a series of events etc following one another in a particular order: He described the sequence of events leading to his dismissal from the firm; a sequence of numbers; a dance sequence. زنجيره /sē´kwǝns/ n., vt. ● ترتیب،تسلسل،توالی،دهناد،زنجیرواری،پشت همی the sequence of events تسلسل رویدادها their names are listed in a chronological sequence نام آنها به ترتیب تاریخی فهرست شده است. ● رشته،سلسله،زنجیره،سیری،ریسه a sequence of historical plays by Shakespeare یک زنجیره نمایش‌های تاریخی از شکسپیر a sequence of terrible accidents یک سلسله حوادث ناگوار a sonnet sequence یک رشته غزلیات ● (بازی با ورق) سه یا چند ورق پشت سرهم (run هم می‌گویند) ● رجوع شود به: sequel ● (ریاضی) دنباله sequence of functions دنباله‌ی تابع‌ها ● (موسیقی) تکرار ملودی ● (به ویژه فیلم سینما) صحنه،فصل،سکانس in the next sequence, the hero marries the girl در صحنه‌ی بعدی قهرمان با آن دختر ازدواج می کند. ● (کلیسای کاتولیک) سرود پیش از قرائت انجیل ● (به روش خاصی) مرتب کردن،پشت سر هم قرار دادن،دهنادن،قطار کردن * in sequence به ترتیب (ترتیب خاص)،پشت سر هم

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US UK AU consortium [kənˈsoːtiəm, (American) -ʃiəm] ♦ noun an association, union, especially of bankers or businessmen. کنسرسیوم n., pl. ● (بازرگانی) کنسرسیوم (ائتلاف چند شرکت یا بانک برای انجام کار بخصوص)،انبازه،مشارکت،شرکت،انباز گروه a number of oil companies formed a consortium to explore and refine oil چند شرکت به منظور اکتشاف و پالایش نفت کنسرسیوم تشکیل دادند. ● (حقوق - در ازدواج) تمکین و مجالست،همیاری A consortium (plural: consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association" or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate"). underwriting consortium + Sg/pl Verb Emissionskonsortium nt to form a consortium ein Konsortium bilden consortium of banks Bankenkonsortium nt consortium of companies Firmenkonsortium nt fachspr

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[dīˈkätəmē] noun - dichotomy دوگانگی: dichotomy تقسیم به دو بخش: dichotomy دورستگی: dichotomy انشعاب به دو شعبه: dichotomy دو حالتی: dichotomy /-mē/ n., pl. ● (بخش کردن به دو شاخه یا قسمت) دو شاخگی،دو گانگی،دورستگی،دو بخش سازی،تفاوت (میان دو چیز مخالف)،دگرسانی the dichotomy between truth and falsehood تفاوت میان راستی و نادرستی a dichotomy into good and evil دو شاخگی خوبی و بدی ● (نجوم) تربیع،نیم‌تابی ● (گیاه‌شناسی) دوشاخگی،دوشاخه شدگی ● (منطق) تقسیم ثنایی،بخش دوگانه dichotomy Zweiteilung f dichotomy Dichotomie f geh 2. dichotomy BOT: dichotomy Aufspaltung f dichotomy Gabelung f dichotomy Dichotomie f fachspr A dichotomy is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets). In other words, this couple of parts must be jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the other, and mutually exclusive: nothing can belong simultaneously to both parts.If there is a concept A, and it is split into parts B and not-B, then the parts form a dichotomy: they are mutually exclusive, since no part of B is contained in not-B and vice versa, and they are jointly exhaustive, since they cover all of A, and together again give A. Such a partition is also frequently called a bipartition. The two parts thus formed are complements. In logic, the partitions are opposites if there exists a proposition such that it holds over one and not the other. Treating continuous variables or multicategorical variables as binary variables is called dichotomization. The discretization error inherent in dichotomization is temporarily ignored for modeling purposes.

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AU compel [kəmˈpel]– past tense past participle comˈpelled – ♦ verb to force: They compelled me to betray my country. مجبور کردن /käm pǝl´iŋ/ adj. ● وادار کننده،تحمیلگر،الزام آور compelling circumstances شرایط الزام آور ● (بیشتر در مورد رمان و نمایش و غیره) گیرا،بسیار جالب،آنچه که سخت تحت تاثیر قرار دهد a compelling story داستانی گیرا ● (در مورد استدلال و غیره) مجاب کننده،قانع کننده compelling reasons دلایل قانع کننده compelling circumstances, evidence, reason zwingend compelling film, painting, performance fesselnd compelling desire unwiderstehliches Verlangen 1. compel (force): to compel sb to do sth jdn [dazu] zwingen, etw zu tun to feel compelled [to do sth] sich Akk gezwungen [o. genötigt] sehen[, etw zu tun] 2. compel form (cause to happen): to compel sth person etw erzwingen to compel sth circumstances etw erforderlich machen to compel attention Aufmerksamkeit erregen kəmˈpeliNG] verb - compel وادار کردن: induce, persuade, compel, impel, enforce, oblige مجبور کردن: force, compel, enforce, oblige, bludgeon, necessitate

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convenient [kənˈviːnjənt] ♦ adjective 1 suitable; not causing trouble or difficulty: When would it be convenient for me to come? راحت؛ بی دردسر 2 easy to use, run etc : a convenient size of house. مناسب؛ راحت 3 easy to reach etc ; accessible: Keep this in a convenient place. در دسترس conˈveniently ♦ adverb . بطور آسان conˈvenience ♦ noun 1 the state or quality of being convenient; freedom from trouble or difficulty: the convenience of living near the office. راحتی؛ آسودگی 2 any means of giving ease or comfort: the conveniences of modern life. وسیلۀ رفاه؛ تسهیلات 3 (also public convenience ) a public lavatory. مستراح همگانی adj. ● راحت،آسودبخش airplanes have made travelling more convenient هواپیما سفر را راحت‌تر کرده است. ● در دسترس،نزدیک ● آسان،سهل،مناسب،بی‌دردسر come whenever it is convenient for you هر وقت برایتان مناسب است تشریف بیاورید. ● (مهجور) برازنده،درخور convenient location günstige Lage convenient excuse passende Entschuldigung very convenient opening hours sehr günstige Öffnungszeiten a convenient moment [or time] ein günstiger [o. passender] Zeitpunkt if it's convenient wenn es Ihnen passt it is [very] convenient that ... es ist [sehr] praktisch, dass ... to be convenient for sb jdm gelegen kommen is Saturday convenient for you passt es Ihnen am Samstag? if it's convenient for you wenn es Ihnen passt to find it convenient to do sth es praktisch finden, etw zu tun it is convenient for sb to do sth es macht jdm keine Umstände, etw zu tun his competitor's injury was most convenient for him die Verletzung seines Konkurrenten kam ihm sehr gelegen the new flat is very convenient for the kids' school die neue Wohnung liegt sehr günstig, ganz in der Nähe der Schule der Kinder [kənˈvēnyənt] adjective - convenient راحت: comfortable, convenient, well, comfy, straight, cozy مناسب: suitable, appropriate, proper, convenient, adequate, fit راه دست: convenient

Answer 57

US UK AU convention [kənˈvenʃən] ♦ noun 1 a way of behaving that has become usual; (an) established custom: Shaking hands when meeting people is a normal convention in many countries; He does not care about convention. رسم؛ سنت 2 in the United States a meeting of delegates from a political party for nominating a presidential candidate. همایش رسمی نمایندگان 3 an assembly of people of a particular profession etc . اجلاس؛ کنگره conˈventional ♦ adjective (negative unconventional ) according to the accepted standards etc ; not outrageous or eccentric: conventional dress; the more conventional forms of art. معمول؛ قراردادی conˌventioˈnality [-ˈnӕ-] ♦ noun . سنتی یا عرفی بودن /kǝn ven´shǝn/ n. ● اجلاس،کنگره،گردهمایی،همایش،نشست،چپیره،جلسه the annual convention of pediatricians کنگره‌ی سالیانه‌ی ویژه‌گران بیماری‌های کودکان ● (امریکا) همایش رسمی نمایندگان حزب (دمکرات یا جمهوریخواه) ● میثاق،پیمان،توافقنامه the Geneva Convention میثاق ژنو،کنوانسیون ژنو ● سنت،عرف،رسم،(جمع) آداب و رسوم a blind observance of convention پیروی کورکورانه از عرف according to convention, the oldest member is chosen to preside طبق رسم،مسن‌ترین فرد به ریاست جلسه انتخاب می‌شود. ● رسم هنری،قاعده‌ی ادبی one of the conventions of Elizabethan drama یکی از رسوم تئاتر دوران الیزابت kənˈvenCHən] noun - convention قرارداد: contract, agreement, convention, treaty, indenture, bond مجمع: meeting, convention, society, club, convent پیمان نامه: treaty, convention هم ایش: congress, convention, meeting هم ایی: convention انجمن: association, community, society, assembly, council, convention

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US UK AU advance [ədˈvaːns] ♦ verb 1 to move forward: The army advanced towards the town; Our plans are advancing well; He married the boss's daughter to advance (= improve) his chances of promotion. پیش رفتن؛ پیشرفت کردن 2 to supply (someone) with (money) on credit: The bank will advance you $500. مساعده دادن ♦ noun 1 moving forward or progressing: We've halted the enemy's advance; Great advances in medicine have been made in this century. پیشرفت 2 a payment made before the normal time: Can I have an advance on my salary? مساعده 3 (usually in plural ) an attempt at (especially sexual) seduction. ایجاد رابطه با جنس مخالف ♦ adjective 1 made etc before the necessary or agreed time: an advance payment. زودتر از موعد 2 made beforehand: an advance booking. آماده 3 sent ahead of the main group or force: the advance guard. پیشرو advanced ♦ adjective having made a lot of progress; at a high level: an advanced computer course; in the advanced stages of the illness. پیشرفته in advance 1 before(hand): Can you pay me in advance? از قبل؛ جلوتر 2 in front: I've been sent on in advance (of the main force). جلوتر از دیگران؛ پیشرو in advance im Voraus advance payment Vorauszahlung f advance copy Vorausexemplar nt cash advance Barvorschuss m bank advance Bankdarlehen nt advance billing Reklame f advance bookings Vorreservierung[en] f to advance a price einen Preis erhöhen two months' advance notice Ankündigung f zwei Monate im Voraus advance payment bond Anzahlungsgarantie f Advance Corporation Tax Körperschaftssteuervorauszahlung f advance on goods HANDEL Warenlombard m advance on account Überziehungskredit m advance corporation tax Körperschaftssteuervorauszahlung f advance in prices Preissteigerung f interest on advance Vorauszahlungszins m advance on collateral FIN Beleihungskredit m /ad vans´/ n., adj., vi., vt. ● جلو بردن،پیش بردن to advance the pawn (در شطرنج) پیاده را جلو بردن ● جلو رفتن،پیش رفتن،پیشروی کردن،پیشرفت کردن Napoleon's army advanced toward Moscow قشون ناپلئون به سوی مسکو پیش رفت. South Korea has advanced a lot کره‌ی جنوبی بسیار پیشرفت کرده است. ● ترفیع یافتن یا دادن،مهم کردن یا شدن ● ارائه دادن scientists advanced new theories دانشمندان نظریه‌های جدیدی را ارائه دادند. ● (تاریخ یا وقت چیزی را) جلو آوردن،جلو انداختن he advanced the date of his trip by one week تاریخ سفر خود را یک هفته جلو انداخت. ● (قیمت را) بالا بردن،بالا رفتن the advance in prices بالا رفتن قیمت‌ها ● قبل از موعد پرداخت کردن،مساعده دادن،پیشکی دادن ● پول پیشکی،پیش پرداخت،وام،پیش قسط،مساعده his boss gave him an advance of ten thousand tumans رییسش به او ده هزار تومان مساعده داد. ● پیشرفت،جلو روی،پیشروی،پیش روند recent advances in science پیشرفت‌های اخیر در علم * to make advances (to) (با اشاره و کنایه) در ایجاد رابطه با جنس مخالف کوشیدن * in advance از قبل،از پیش we had made reservations in advance از قبل جا گرفته بودیم. * in advance of جلوتر از،پیشرفته‌تر از their technology is in advance of ours تکنولوژی آنها از ما جلوتر است. ˈvans] noun - advance پیشرفت: progress, advance, improvement, development, progression, advancement مساعده: imprest, advance, advance money, accommodation پیش روی: advance, progress, precession, onrush, march, antecedence جلو بردن: advance پیش پرداخت: prepayment, advance, payment in advance پیش قسط: prepayment, advance, down payment, cash down, handsel سبقت: overtaking, overtake, precession, lead, precedence, advance ربون: advance verb - advance پیش بردن: advance, carry out, further, encourage, expedite, hustle جلو بردن: advance, feed, boost, further اقامه کردن: advance, pose, allege جلو رفتن: advance, bring on, come along, forge ترقی دادن: promote, boost, advance, meliorate, raise ترفیع رتبه دادن: advance تسریع کردن: accelerate, precipitate, advance, catalyze, hotfoot, speed up مساعده دادن: advance پیش رفتن: go forward, jut, proceed, precess, advance, antecede adjective - advance از پیش فرستاده شده: advance

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by force of circumstance durch die Umstände bedingt with pomp and circumstance mit Glanz und Gloria nothing of circumstance nichts von Bedeutung regardless of circumstance ohne Rücksicht auf die Umstände /su_r´kǝm stans´/ n., vt. ● وضعیت (جمع: اوضاع)،(جمع) شرایط،کیفیت،مقتضیات،حال،موقعیت،پیشایند،حیث due to changing circumstances به خاطر تغییر وضع because of unforeseen circumstances به واسطه‌ی شرایط پیش بینی نشده ● پیشامد،رویداد،واقعه،واقعیت،ماوقع ● وضع مالی in comfortable circumstances در وضع مالی خوب،در رفاه مالی ● بخت،شانس circumstances would have it so سرنوشت چنین بود،وضع چنین اقتضا می‌کرد. ● چگونگی،(جمع) جزئیات the circumstances surrounding Kennedy's assassination جزئیات قتل کندی ● در شرایط خاصی قرار دادن as far as money was concerned she was comfortably circumstanced از نظر مالی در رفاه بود. * pomp and circumstance جلال و جبروت،مراسم و تشریفات با شکوه * under no circumstances تحت هیچ شرایطی،به هیچ وجه * under the circumstances تحت شرایط موجود،فعلا stəns,ˈsərkəmˌstans] noun - circumstance چگونگی: how, manner, quality, state, condition, circumstance امر: matter, affair, circumstance, job, behest, ploy حال: mood, situation, condition, state, status, circumstance شرایط محیط: circumstance شرح: description, explanation, account, exposition, statement, circumstance تفصیل: detail, circumstance, gloss اهمیت: importance, matter, significance, emphasis, magnitude, circumstance پیش امد: happening, accidence, accident, circumstance, event, exigence روی داد: happening, event, circumstance, incident, occasion, occurrence

Answer 60

due [djuː] ♦ adjective 1 owed: I think I'm still due some pay; Our thanks are due to the doctor. بدهکار؛ مدیون 2 expected according to timetable, promise etc : The bus is due in three minutes. مطابق برنامه 3 proper: Take due care. مناسب ♦ adverb directly South: sailing due east. به سوی ♦ noun 1 what is owed, especially what one has a right to: I'm only taking what is my due. بدهی 2 (in plural ) charge, fee or toll: He paid the dues on the cargo. عوارض ˈduly ♦ adverb properly; as expected: The bus duly arrived. به موقع؛ طبق انتظار ˈdue to brought about by: His success was due to hard work. بواسطۀ give (someone) his due to be fair to someone. از کسی قدردانی کردن see also owe . adj., adv., n. ● پرداختنی،قابل پرداخت the amounts due to the bank مبالغ قابل پرداخت به بانک the next installment is due on the first of the month سررسید قسط بعدی اول ماه است. ● سررسید،موعد پرداخت the rent is due today موعد پرداخت کرایه امروز است. ● در خور،مناسب with all due respect با کمال احترام the body was laid to rest with due military ceremonies جسد را طی مراسم نظامی شایسته به خاک سپردند. ● به اندازه‌ی نیاز،کافی،بسنده in due time در وقت مناسب due care توجه لازم I don't think my project was given due attention فکر می‌کنم که طرح من مورد توجه کافی قرار نگرفت. ● (ورود و خروج و انجام کار و غیره - معمولا با: be) آمدن،رفتن،شدن (و غیره) the plane is due at 6 P.M. هواپیما ساعت شش بعدازظهر می‌رسد. the train is due to leave any minute قرار است ترن تا چند لحظه‌ی دیگر حرکت کند. ● به سوی،(درست) درجهت due west در جهت غرب،در سوی باختر ● (امور غیرمالی مانند افتخار و سهم در انجام کار و غیره) سپاسگزاری،افتخار،سرفرازی give a man his due سپاسگزاری لازم را از کسی کردن،قدرشناسی کردن ● (جمع) وجوه،حق عضویت،هزینه (و مالیات و غیره) membership dues حق عضویت if you haven't paid your dues you can't get in! اگر حق عضویت نداده باشی اجازه‌ی ورود نداری‌! * become (or fall) due به موعد رسیدن (طبق قرار قبلی یا قرارداد)،به سر رسید رسیدن the rent will fall due every two weeks موعد پرداخت کرایه هر دو هفته یک بار است. * due date موعد،تاریخ مقرر * due to به واسطه‌ی،به دلیل،به خاطر due to Ameh's death, our trip was postponed به واسطه‌ی فوت عمه سفر ما عقب افتاد. an ommission due to oversight از قلم افتادگی به خاطر کم‌حواسی * give someone his due از کسی قدردانی کردن،خدمات کسی را تقدیر کردن (ارج نهادن) * in due course در موقع مقتضی،سرموعد،در هنگام شایسته * pay one's dues (خودمانی) در اثر کوشش و رنجبری مقام یا امتیاز به دست آوردن،وظیفه‌ی خود را ادا کرد due diligence JUR Sorgfaltspflicht f due date of debt Fälligkeitstermin m due bills (debts owing) Schuldanerkenntnis nt due west direkt nach Westen amount due Forderung f due north genau [o. direkt] nach Norden payment due Fälligkeitstag m due south direkt [o. genau] nach Süden due bill FIN fälliger Wechsel with all due respect, ... bei allem Respekt, ... redemption before due date Rückzahlung vor Fälligkeit adjective - due ناشی از: due مقتضی: appropriate, due, expedient, suitable, advisable, just قابل پرداخت: payable, due, exigible, liable, solvable, solvent سر رسد: due noun - due بدهی: debt, liability, debit, due حق: right, law, due, title ذمه: obligation, due موعد پرداخت: due, pay day پرداختنی: due, solvency حقوق: law, salary, pension, stipend, due, emolument

Answer 61

/ak´rǝ nim´/ n. ● تارک نام،سرینام (واژه‌ای که از حروف اول چند واژه‌ی دیگر ساخته شده باشد مثل radar که از حروف اول radio detecting and ranging گرفته شده است) oidar ساخته‌ شده‌). باشد(مانند radar که‌ از کلمات‌gnignar dna gnitceted سر نام‌. کلمه‌ایکه‌ از حرف‌ اول‌ کلمات‌ دیگری‌ ترکیب‌ شده‌ [ˈakrəˌnim] noun - acronym سر نام: acronym acronym Akronym nt acronym SUBST Benutzereintrag acronym Kurzwort nt Wikipedia (EN) Acronym An acronym is a word or name formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase. Acronyms are usually formed from the initial letters of words, as in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), but sometimes use syllables, as in Benelux (short for Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg). They can also be a mixture, as in radar (Radio Detection And Ranging). Acronyms can be pronounced as words, like NASA and UNESCO; as individual letters, like FBI, TNT, and ATM; or as both letters and words, like JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg) and IUPAC. Some are not universally pronounced one way or the other and it depends on the speaker's preference or the context in which it is being used, such as 'SQL' (either "sequel" or "ess-cue-el"). The broader sense of acronym—the meaning of which includes terms pronounced as letters—is sometimes criticized, but it is the term's original meaning and is in common use. Dictionary and style-guide editors are not in universal agreement on the naming for such abbreviations, and it is a matter of some dispute whether the term acronym can be legitimately applied to abbreviations which are not pronounced "as words", nor do these language authorities agree on the correct use of spacing, casing, and punctuation. Abbreviations formed from a string of initials and usually pronounced as individual letters are sometimes more specifically called initialisms or alphabetisms; examples are FBI from Federal Bureau of Investigation, and e.g. from Latin exempli gratia.

Answer 62

extend [ikˈstend] ♦ verb 1 to make longer or larger: He extended his vegetable garden. بزرگ کردن؛ گسترش دادن 2 to reach or stretch: The school grounds extend as far as this fence. وسعت یافتن؛ امتداد داشتن 3 to hold out or stretch out (a limb etc ): He extended his hand to her. دراز کردن؛ کش دادن 4 to offer: May I extend a welcome to you all? تقدیم کردن؛ ارائه دادن exˈtension [-ʃən] ♦ noun 1 an added part: He built an extension to his house; a two-day extension to the holiday; He has telephone extensions (= telephones) in every bedroom. ضمیمه؛ تمدید 2 (a program by which) part of a university located somewhere else offers courses to people who are not fulltime students. دوره غیر تمام وقت؛ دوره شبانه 3 the process of extending. توسعه؛ تمدید 4 a telephone that operates on the same line as another: They have a phone in the living-room and an extension in the bedroom. خط فرعی؛ خط داخلی exˈtensive [-siv] ♦ adjective large in area or amount: extensive plantations; He suffered extensive injuries in the accident. پهناور؛ زیاد /ek stend´, ik-/ vt., vi. ● بزرگ کردن یا شدن،گسترش دادن،گسترده کردن پهناندن،گستردن،پهن کردن،دراز کردن،توسعه دادن،وسعت یافتن،تمدید کردن یا شدن،طولانی (تر) کردن،(لوله و کابل و غیره) کشیدن،از هم باز کردن،درازاندن،کش دادن the Iranian Empire extended over a large area امپراطوری ایران نواحی بزرگی را در بر می گرفت. the street now extends three kilometers beyond the station خیابان اکنون تا سه کیلومتر فراتر از ایستگاه ادامه دارد. he extended his arm toward me او دست خود را به سوی من دراز کرد. corruption had extended into every aspect of their lives فساد به کلیه‌ی جنبه‌های زندگی آنها رخنه کرده بود. they are going to extend the airport's runways خیال دارند باندهای فرودگاه را طولانی‌تر کنند. her visa was extended ویزای او تمدید شد. exercise can extend one's life ورزش می تواند عمر را طولانی کند. Darius extended the country's frontiers داریوش مرزهای کشور را بسط داد. the Congress extended the law to cover all states کنگره آن قانون را به کلیه‌ی ایالات تعمیم داد. ● (دعوت و غیره) کردن the invitation she had extended was accepted دعوتی که کرده بود مورد پذیرش قرار گرفت. ● بیرون زدن chalk boulders extending from the cliffs سنگ‌های گچی که از میان صخره‌ها سر برافراشته بود ● ارزانی داشتن،دادن the tradition of extending asylum to refugees سنت دادن پناه به آوارگان the government decided to extend aid to those in need دولت بر آن شد که به نیازمندان کمک کند. ● (قدیمی) به زور مهار کردن،تحت انقیاد درآوردن ● به خود فشار آوردن،سخت کوشیدن team members were asked to extend themselves از بازیکنان تیم خواسته شد که بیشترین سعی خود را بکنند. ● (بازرگانی) مبلغ کل را روی فاکتور نوشتن (ضرب کردن بهای هر چیز در تعداد آن) to extend one's commitment sich Akk stärker engagieren to extend one's fingers seine Finger ausstrecken to extend for miles sich Akk meilenweit hinziehen to extend one's house sein Haus ausbauen to extend one's unbeaten streak seinen Erfolgskurs fortsetzen to extend money to sb FIN jdm Geld zur Verfügung stellen to extend a road/track eine Straße/Fahrspur ausbauen to extend a line/rope eine Leine/ein Seil spannen to extend public awareness of sth die Öffentlichkeit für etw Akk sensibilisieren to extend one's hand to sb jdm die Hand entgegenstrecken [o. geh reichen] the fields extend into the distance die Felder dehnen sich bis in die Ferne aus to extend a welcome to sb jdn willkommen heißen to extend one's thanks to sb jdm seinen Dank aussprechen to extend [or offer] one's congratulations to sb jdm gratulieren his concern doesn't extend as far as actually doing something seine Besorgnis geht nicht so weit, dass er tatsächlich etwas unternimmt the situation has worsened to the extend that we are calling in an independent expert die Situation hat sich dermaßen verschlimmert, dass wir einen unabhängigen Fachmann hinzuziehen rain is expected to extend to all parts of the country by this evening bis heute Abend soll der Regen alle Landesteile erreicht haben [ikˈstend] verb - extend توسعه دادن: develop, expand, extend, enlarge, increase, outstretch طولانی کردن: lengthen, prolong, extend, stretch out, draw out, elongate رساندن: convey, supply, transmit, extend, give, broadcast دراز کردن: lengthen, extend, elongate, protract, porrect, prolong تمدید کردن: extend, prorogate ادامه دادن: continue, hang on, keep, carry on, maintain, extend طول دادن: draw out, extend, prolong, protract منبسط کردن: expand, stretch, amplify, broaden, dilate, extend بزرگ کردن: enlarge, magnify, maximize, heave, aggrandize, extend

Answer 63

initial [iˈniʃəl] ♦ adjective of, or at, the beginning: There were difficulties during the initial stages of building the house. آولیه ♦ noun the letter that begins a word, especially a name: The picture was signed with the initials JJB, standing for John James Brown. حرف اول اسم ♦ verb– past tense, past participle iˈnitialled – to mark or sign with initials of one's name: Any alteration on a cheque should be initialled. حروف اول نام را نوشتن؛ پاراف کردن iˈnitially ♦ adverb at the beginning; at first: This project will cost a lot of money initially but will eventually make a profit. در آغاز iˈnitiate1 [-ʃieit] ♦ verb 1 to start (eg a plan, scheme, changes, reforms etc ): He initiated a scheme for helping old people with their shopping. شروع کردن 2 to take (a person) into a society etc, especially with secret ceremonies: No-one who had been initiated into the society ever revealed the details of the ceremony. وارد کردن iˈnitiate2 [-ʃiət] ♦ noun a person who has been initiated (into a society etc ). عضو پذیرفته شده iˌnitiˈation [-ʃiˈei-] ♦ noun the act of initiating or process of being initiated. شروع iˈnitiative [-ʃətiv] ♦ noun 1 a first step or move that leads the way: He took the initiative in organizing a search party to look for the girl; A move to start peace talks is sometimes called a peace initiative. پیشگامی 2 the ability to lead or make decisions for oneself: He is quite good at his job, but lacks initiative; My son actually went to the hairdresser's on his own initiative! ابتکار؛ اقتدار initial margin (ursprünglicher Einschuss bei Futures) Ersteinschuss m initial margin (ursprünglicher Einschuss bei Futures) Originaleinschuss m initial margin (ursprünglicher Einschuss bei Futures) Initial-Marge f initial margin (ursprünglicher Einschuss bei Futures) Initial Margin f /i nish´ǝl/ adj., n., vt. ● آغازین،نخستین،اولین،اولیه،مقدماتی the initial letter of your name نخستین حرف نام شما the initial stage of a disease مرحله‌ی آغازین بیماری what was his initial reaction? واکنش نخستین او چه بود؟ ● حرف اول اسم he had carved his initials on the tree او حروف اول نام خود را بر درخت کنده بود. ● (چاپ) حرف بزرگ (به ویژه در اول هر پاراگراف) ● (زیست‌شناسی) سرآغازی،سرآغازه،یاخته‌ی بخشینه‌ای ● پاراف کردن،حروف اول نام خود را نوشتن to initial the minutes of a meeting صورتجلسه را پاراف کردن * initial conditions (ری iˈniSHəl] adjective - initial نخستین: initial, primary, prime, premier, premiere, incipient ابتدایی: elementary, primary, initial, preliminary, rudimentary, abecedarian اول: prime, initial اولین: initial, initiatory, headmost بدوی: primitive, initial, incipient, rudimentary, seminal, germinal اغازی: initial, initiative واقع در اغاز: initial اصلی: main, original, principal, basic, primary, initial noun - initial اولین قسمت: initial verb - initial در اغاز قرار دادن: initial پاراف کردن: initial, paraph, sign اغاز کردن: inchoate, begin, commence, inaugurate, incept, initial initial concentration CHEM Anfangskonzentration f initial resistance PHYS Anfangswiderstand m initial voltage ELEK Anfangsspannung f initial yields anfängliche Gewinne initial reports say that ... ersten Meldungen zufolge ... initial results indicate that ... die ersten Hochrechnungen deuten darauf hin, dass ... an initial letter ein erster Brief first [or initial] stage Anfangsphase f to sort out initial difficulties Anfangsschwierigkeiten beheben in the initial phases [or stages] in der Anfangsphase my initial surprise was soon replaced by delight meine anfängliche Überraschung wandelte sich schnell in Freude what does the initial, X, in your name stand for? wofür steht das X in deinem Namen?

Answer 64

scheme [skiːm] ♦ noun 1 a plan or arrangement; a way of doing something: a colour scheme for the room; There are various schemes for improving the roads. نقشه؛طرح 2 a (usually secret) dishonest plan: His schemes to steal the money were discovered. توطئه ♦ verb to make (especially dishonest) schemes: He was punished for scheming against the President; They have all been scheming for my dismissal. توطئه كردن ˈschemer ♦ noun He's a dangerous schemer. توطئه گر ˈscheming ♦ adjective having or making (usually secret) dishonest plans: a scheming woman. مكار harebrained scheme verrückter Plan pension scheme Altersversorgung f colour scheme Farb[en]zusammenstellung f madcap scheme aberwitziger Plan to rumble a scheme einen Plan durchschauen a wild plan [or scheme] ein unausgegorener Plan executive share option scheme Optionen, die leitenden Angestellten auf Aktien ihrer Unternehmungen eingeräumt werden sale and repurchase scheme FIN Wertpapierpensionsgeschäft nt company retirement scheme betriebliche Altersvorsorge non-contributory pension scheme beitragsfreie Altersversorgung scheme of arrangement Vergleichsvorschlag m staff pension scheme betriebliche Rente old-age pension scheme Altersversorgung f electronic money scheme E-Geld-System nt a hare-brained scheme ein verrückter Plan company pension scheme betriebliche Altersversorgung road scheme appraisal MODELL, BEURTEIL Bewertung eines Strassenbauprojekts road scheme evaluation Planfeststellungsverfahren occupational pension scheme WIRTSCH Betriebsaltersversorgung f /skēm/ n., vt., vi. ● تدبیر،تمهید،طرح،برنامه،نقشه‌ی عمل a new scheme for rural electrification طرحی تازه برای برق رسانی به روستاها a government scheme for fighting illiteracy تدبیر دولت برای پیکار با بیسوادی a health insurance scheme برنامه‌ی بیمه‌ی سلامتی ● دوز و کلک،کلک،حقه،ترفند،حیله،حقه،تبانی،سوسه،دسیسه a scheme to get control of the government ترفندی برای اعمال نفوذ در دستگاه دولت another scheme to cheat old farmers یک حقه‌ی دیگر برای گول زدن کشاورزان سالخورده ● آرایش،نظام،ترتیب a color scheme آرایش رنگ‌ها the scheme of things in the material world نظام چیزها در جهان مادی ● نمودار،نمایه،دیسنما،ترسیمه،جدول،طرح‌واره ● جدول ستاره خوانی،نمودار قرارگیری ستارگان ● تدبیر کردن،تمهید کردن،طرح کردن ● کلک زدن،تبانی کردن،حقه زدن،توطئه چیدن،سوسه آمدن،دسیسه کردن،نقشه چیدن his enemies were scheming his expulsion دشمنانش برای اخراج او نقشه می‌چیدند. a scheming man مرد حقه‌باز they schemed against me بر ضد من سوسه آمدند. skēm] noun - scheme طرح: plan, design, layout, project, scheme, plot برنامه: program, plan, schedule, scheme, code, syllabus رویه: procedure, surface, scheme, tack, method, cover نقشه: map, plan, plot, scheme, plat, chart طرح کلی: outline, scheme ترتیب: order, arrangement, sequence, ordering, serialization, scheme تدبیر: measure, plan, contraption, gimmick, contrivance, scheme تمهید: scheming, arrangement, preparation, scheme, intrigue, contrivance verb - scheme طرح کردن: design, plan, bring forth, draft, draw, scheme نقشه طرح کردن: scheme توطئه چیدن: collude, collogue, intrigue, plot, scheme

Answer 65

nglish to Persian for English Learners US UK AU resemble [rəˈzembl] ♦ verb to be like or look like: He doesn't resemble either of his parents. همانند بودن؛ شباهت داشتن reˈsemblance ♦ noun I can see some resemblance(s) between him and his father. شباهت /ri zem´bǝl/ vt. ● مانستن،همانند بودن (با)،شباهت داشتن،همدیس بودن she resembles her father به پدرش رفته است (می‌ماند). the two brothers resemble each other دو برادر با هم شباهت دارند. ● (قدیمی) تشبیه کردن،مقایسه کردن [riˈzembəl] verb - resemble شباهت داشتن: resemble مانستن: look like, be like, be similar to, resemble تشبیه کردن: analogize, resemble, simulate مانند بودن: resemble, simulate همانند کردن یا بودن: resemble

Answer 66

US UK AU compose [kəmˈpəuz] ♦ verb 1 to form by putting parts together: A word is composed of several letters. ترکیب کردن 2 to write (eg music, poetry etc ): Mozart began to compose when he was six years old. ساختن 3 to control (oneself) after being upset. آرام کردن comˈposed ♦ adjective (of people) quiet and calm: She looked quite composed. آرام؛ خوددار comˈposer ♦ noun a writer, especially of a piece of music. آهنگساز composition [kompəˈziʃən] ♦ noun 1 something composed, eg music: his latest composition. ترکیب؛ آهنگ 2 the act of composing: the difficulties of composition. ساخت؛ تنظیم 3 an essay written as a school exercise: The children had to write a composition about their holiday. انشا 4 the parts of which a thing is made: Have you studied the composition of the chemical? اجزای تشکیل دهنده comˈposure [-ʒə] ♦ noun calmness: I admired her composure. خوشتن داری؛ آرامی to compose a letter einen Brief aufsetzen to compose one's thoughts seine Gedanken ordnen [o. sammeln] to compose differences form Differenzen beilegen to compose a play/poem ein Theaterstück/Gedicht verfassen she tried hard to compose her features into a smile sie versuchte angestrengt, sich zu einem Lächeln zu zwingen [kəmˈpōz] verb - compose سرودن: compose, sing ساختن: build, make, create, construct, manufacture, compose درست کردن: fix, make, right, devise, trim, compose تصنیف کردن: compose, indite, make /kǝm pōz´/ vt., vi. ● ترکیب کردن،همنهشتن،همنهش کردن،هم نهشته کردن یا شدن،تشکیل دادن،تنظیم کردن،انشا کردن،سرودن،گفتن،نگاشتن this mortar is composed of lime, sand, and water این ملات از آهک و شن و آب ترکیب شده است. he composed this poem in one day او این شعر را یک روزه نگاشت (سرود). ● (موسیقی) ساختن،تصنیف کردن،سراییدن the tunes which he composed آهنگ‌هایی که او تصنیف کرد ● تلفیق کردن،اصلاح و تعدیل کردن،(در مورد ارقام و غیره) آشتی دادن،حل و فصل کردن to compose account differences اختلاف حساب‌ها را برطرف کردن ● (خود را) آرام کردن،جمع و جور کردن don't cry! compose yourself گریه نکن‌! خودت را جمع و جور کن‌! ● (چاپ) حروف چینی کردن،(با کامپیوتر یا عکسبرداری و غیره) چاپ کردن * be composed of متشکل بودن از

Answer 67

apparent [əˈpӕrənt] ♦ adjective 1 easy to see; evident: It is quite apparent to all of us that you haven't done your work properly. آشکار 2 seeming but perhaps not real: his apparent unwillingness. ظاهری؛ صوری apˈparently ♦ adverb it seems that; I hear that: Apparently he is not feeling well. ظاهراً؛ از قرار معلوم /ǝ per´ǝnt/ adj. ● آشکار،پیدا،هویدا،معلوم his sorrow was apparent in everything he did غم او از رفتارش پیدا بود. it is apparent that you are not in favor of my proposal معلوم است که با پیشنهاد من موافق نیستید. for no apparent reason بدون دلیل آشکار ● مبرهن،به آسانی قابل درک یا رویت،نمایان،واضح ● ظاهری،صوری،وانمودین his apparent lack of a sense of responsibility فقدان ظاهری حس مسئولیت در او the answer to this question is apparent جواب این سوال واضح است. * apparently, adv. ظاهرا،آشکارا،گویا،از قرار معلوم apparently he is ill ظاهرا مریض است. Hossein is apparently planning to go on a trip حسین ظاهرا قصد سفر دارد. apparent contradiction scheinbarer Widerspruch apparent innocence scheinbare Unschuld apparent temperature gefühlte Temperatur for no apparent reason aus keinem ersichtlichen Grund heir apparent to the throne rechtmäßiger Thronfolger/rechtmäßige Thronfolgerin a. übtr the full meaning of his enquiry only became apparent later was seine Nachforschungen wirklich erbrachten, wurde erst später in seiner ganzen Tragweite sichtbar [əˈparənt,əˈpe(ə)r-] adjective - apparent ظاهر: apparent, outward, external, exterior, outside, manifest معلوم: clear, given, apparent, certain, active, definite مسلم: certain, sure, incontrovertible, definite, apparent, undoubted اشکار: clear, manifest, obvious, plain, apparent, flagrant پیدا: visible, evident, phenomenal, apparent, clear, transparent واری مسلم: apparent

Answer 68

apparent [əˈpӕrənt] ♦ adjective 1 easy to see; evident: It is quite apparent to all of us that you haven't done your work properly. آشکار 2 seeming but perhaps not real: his apparent unwillingness. ظاهری؛ صوری apˈparently ♦ adverb it seems that; I hear that: Apparently he is not feeling well. ظاهراً؛ از قرار معلوم /ǝ per´ǝnt/ adj. ● آشکار،پیدا،هویدا،معلوم his sorrow was apparent in everything he did غم او از رفتارش پیدا بود. it is apparent that you are not in favor of my proposal معلوم است که با پیشنهاد من موافق نیستید. for no apparent reason بدون دلیل آشکار ● مبرهن،به آسانی قابل درک یا رویت،نمایان،واضح ● ظاهری،صوری،وانمودین his apparent lack of a sense of responsibility فقدان ظاهری حس مسئولیت در او the answer to this question is apparent جواب این سوال واضح است. * apparently, adv. ظاهرا،آشکارا،گویا،از قرار معلوم apparently he is ill ظاهرا مریض است. Hossein is apparently planning to go on a trip حسین ظاهرا قصد سفر دارد. apparent contradiction scheinbarer Widerspruch apparent innocence scheinbare Unschuld apparent temperature gefühlte Temperatur for no apparent reason aus keinem ersichtlichen Grund heir apparent to the throne rechtmäßiger Thronfolger/rechtmäßige Thronfolgerin a. übtr the full meaning of his enquiry only became apparent later was seine Nachforschungen wirklich erbrachten, wurde erst später in seiner ganzen Tragweite sichtbar [əˈparənt,əˈpe(ə)r-] adjective - apparent ظاهر: apparent, outward, external, exterior, outside, manifest معلوم: clear, given, apparent, certain, active, definite مسلم: certain, sure, incontrovertible, definite, apparent, undoubted اشکار: clear, manifest, obvious, plain, apparent, flagrant پیدا: visible, evident, phenomenal, apparent, clear, transparent واری مسلم: apparent

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awkward [ˈoːkwəd] ♦ adjective 1 not graceful or elegant: an awkward movement. بدقواره؛ ناجور 2 difficult or causing difficulty, embarrassment etc : an awkward question; an awkward silence; His cut is in an awkward place. خجول و کمرو؛ ناجور ˈawkwardly ♦ adverb . بطور زشت؛ ناشیانه ˈawkwardness ♦ noun . زشتی؛ ناراحتی awkward silence betretenes Schweigen awkward question peinliche Frage the awkward squad ugs abw Querulantenriege f an awkward customer ein seltsamer Typ to feel awkward sich Akk unbehaglich fühlen an awkward time unpassende [o. ungünstige] Zeit in a very awkward posture in einer sehr merkwürdigen Haltung [o. Stellung] to iron out an awkward matter eine unangenehme Sache ausbügeln [o. bereinigen] I feel quite awkward about that das ist mir ziemlich unangenehm to make things awkward for sb es jdm schwermachen to be at an awkward age in einem schwierigen Alter sein to put sb in an awkward position jdn in eine unangenehme Lage bringen he's got a very awkward bowling action er verfügt über einen eigenartigen Wurfstil tomorrow morning is a bit awkward for me morgen früh passt es mir nicht so gut ôk´wǝrd/ adj. ● (در مورد حرکات و قیافه و هیکل) دست و پا چلفتی،چلفت،بی‌قواره،بدقواره،فرخج he walks awkwardly راه رفتنش بدقواره است. ● ناجور،حجب آفرین،خجول و کمرو،خجل کننده an awkward joke شوخی نامناسب و خجل کننده awkward behavior رفتار شرمنده کننده ● بدساخت،سخت کاربرد،اسبابی که به کاربردنش سخت و ناراحت کننده باشد an awkward lawnmower چمن زن بد قلق ● ناراحت کننده،ناخوشایند I found myself in an awkward position خود را در موقعیت ناراحت کننده‌ای یافتم. my situation between the two mutually hostile brothers was very awkward وضعیت من در میان آن دو برادری که به هم خصومت می‌ورزیدند بسیار حساس و مشکل بود. ● (مهجور) غیرطبیعی،منحرف،عجیب و غریب [ˈôkwərd] adjective - awkward بی دست و پا: awkward, shiftless, maladroit زشت: ugly, hideous, bad, obscene, bawdy, awkward ناشی: emergent, awkward, amateurish, ill, dilettante, gauche غیر استادانه: awkward بی لطافت: awkward, arid, jejune خامکار: awkward, unskilful سرهم بند: tinkering, awkward, bad, careless غیر ماهر: unhandy, awkward

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[ˈsəməˌrīz] verb - summarize خلاصه کردن: sum up, summarize, brief, abridge, make an abstract, epitomize خلاصه ساختن: summarize بطور مختصر بیان کردن: summarize to summarize sth etw [kurz] zusammenfassen to summarize sb jdn [mit wenigen Worten] charakterisieren /sum´ǝ rīz´/ vt. ● خلاصه کردن،کوته‌وار کردن،تلخیص کردن،ملخص کردن a summarized story داستان تلخیص شده ● خلاصه‌ی چیزی بودن summary [ˈsaməri]– plural ˈsummaries – ♦ noun a shortened form of a statement, story etc giving only the main points: A summary of his speech was printed in the newspaper. خلاصه a short, clear description that gives the main facts or ideas about something: At the end of the news, they often give you a summary of the main stories. In summary, they decided against the proposal. More examples I only asked for a summary of the main points but she's making a real meal out of it. He gave us a short summary of the meeting. Our teacher asked us to write a summary of the story. In summary, the whole affair was a fiasco. This document gives a summary of the relevant items of law.

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notion noun [ C ] US /ˈnoʊ·ʃən/ a belief or idea: Nast helped form the American notion of Santa Claus. notion [ˈnəuʃən] ♦ noun 1 understanding: I've no notion what he's talking about. انديشه 2 an uncertain belief; an idea: He has some very odd notions. نظريه 3 a desire for something or to do something: He had a sudden notion to visit his aunt. فکرى /nō´shǝn/ n. misconceived notion falsche Vorstellung a preconceived idea [or notion] eine vorgefasste Meinung to not have the foggiest [idea [or notion]] ugs keine blasse [o. nicht die leiseste] Ahnung haben to [not] buy into the notion that ... [nicht] die Ansicht teilen, dass ... to have [or take] a notion to do sth dated ein Bedürfnis verspüren, etw zu tun have you any notion how much the car costs? hast du irgendeine Vorstellung davon, was das Auto kostet? I haven't the faintest notion [of] what you're talking about ich habe nicht die leiseste Ahnung, wovon du redest I have a faint idea [or notion] that I've heard that name before ich meine, [mich daran erinnern zu können], den Namen schon einmal gehört zu haben ● تصویر مغزی،عقیده‌ی کلی،تصور،انگاشت،پندار I have no adequate notion of what the fifth dimension means من تصور کافی درباره‌ی مفهوم بعد پنجم ندارم. ● اندیشه‌ی مبهم،خیال،وهم،هوس she had the sudden notion to invite all her relatives ناگهان هوس کرد که همه‌ی خویشاوندان خود را دعوت کند. she took the notion of swimming in that stormy sea او به سرش زد که در آن دریای طوفانی شنا کند. ● عقیده،نظر،باور،اعتقاد،برداشت the old notion that the sun rotates around the earth آن عقیده‌ی قدیمی مبنی براینکه خورشید دور زمین می‌گردد ● منظور،نقشه،چشم‌دید،مقصود،قصد،نیت ● (جمع) وسایل کوچک و مفید زندگی (که در فروشگاه‌ها به فروش می‌رسد - مانند سوزن و نخ) خرت و پرت [ˈnōSHən] noun - notion مفهوم: concept, sense, notion, meaning, implication, significance تصور: imagination, idea, conception, notion, image, vision نظریه: theory, opinion, notion, view, viewpoint, outlook اندیشه: thought, idea, notion, reflection, opinion, mentality عقیده: opinion, belief, view, notion, thought, say پندار: opinion, notion, thought, supposition فکر: thought, idea, opinion, notion, concept, intention ادراک: perception, understanding, savvy, conception, cognition, notion خیال: imagination, phantom, illusion, thought, fiction, notion خاطره: memory, recollection, reminiscence, memoir, impression, notion خاطر: mind, memory, thought, remembrance, recollection, notion

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[priˈzo͞oməblē] adverb - presumably احتمالا: likely, presumably, maybe, haply, belike presumably vermutlich presumably, they're on their way here ich nehme mal an, dass sie auf dem Weg hierher sind adverb [prɪ'zuːməblɪ /-'zju-] seemingly, supposedly; apparently; assumedly, through reasonable assumption

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[ˈsinTHiˌsīz] verb - synthesize ترکیب کردن: combine, incorporate, synthesize, merge, agglutinate, compound امیختن: mingle, mix, brew, incorporate, admix, synthesize ترکیب شدن: polymerize, synthesize هم گذاری کردن: synthesize to synthesize sth etw künstlich herstellen [o. fachspr synthetisieren] [ˈsinTHiˌsīz] verb - synthesize ترکیب کردن: combine, incorporate, synthesize, merge, agglutinate, compound امیختن: mingle, mix, brew, incorporate, admix, synthesize ترکیب شدن: polymerize, synthesize هم گذاری کردن: synthesize English Dictionary verb synthesize (Amer.) ['syn·the·size || 'sɪnθəsaɪz] combine separate elements into a single unit; create a compound by combining simpler components; produce a material or substance by biological or chemical synthesis (also synthesise)

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US UK AU [iˈniSH(ē)ətiv] noun - initiative ابتکار: initiative, invention, originality, imagination, improvisation, contraption قریحه: initiative adjective - initiative پیشقدمی: initiative اغازی: initial, initiative /i nish´ǝ tiv, -ē ǝ tiv/ adj., n. ● آغازگرانه،پیشقدمانه،مقدماتی،اولیه ● آغازگری،پیشقدمی،پیشگامی،ابتکار،تازه‌آوری،نوآوری a new Russian initative must now be anticipated اکنون باید در انتظار پیشگامی جدید روس‌ها بود. through his initiative the project was put into effect طرح به ابتکار او به اجرا درآمد. ● حق بردن لایحه به پارلمان to lose the initiative die Handlungsfähigkeit einbüßen to use one's initiative eigenständig handeln to show initiative Eigeninitiative zeigen private initiative/life Privatinitiative f /-leben nt to take the peace initiative Friedensverhandlungen aufnehmen to take the initiative [in sth] [in etw Dat ] die Initiative ergreifen to have the initiative in sth in etw Dat die Oberhand haben initiative is wanting in this situation in dieser Situation fehlt es an Initiative to respond to a peace initiative auf eine Friedensinitiative reagieren the initiative has across-the-board support die Initiative findet breite Unterstützung to seize the initiative/an opportunity die Initiative/eine Gelegenheit ergreifen to show courage/initiative/common sense Mut/Unternehmungsgeist/gesunden Menschenverstand beweisen she's always been one to take [or who takes] initiative es war schon immer ihre Art, die Initiative zu ergreifen Joe has been chosen to spearhead our new marketing initiative Joe wurde als Leiter unserer neuen Marketinginitiative gewählt this initiative will bring new recruits into the fire service diese Initiative wird der Feuerwehr neue Leute bringen there is a serious wantage of initiative in industry at the moment zurzeit mangelt es [in] der Industrie an Initiativeadjective [in·i·ti·a·tive || ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv] beginning, introductory, initial noun [in·i·ti·a·tive || ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv] enterprise, drive, ambition; beginning move in a process, first step

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anticipate [ӕnˈtisəpeit] ♦ verb 1 to expect (something): I'm not anticipating any trouble. انتظار داشتن 2 to see what is going to be wanted, required etc in the future and do what is necessary: A businessman must try to anticipate what his customers will want. پیش بینی کردن anˌticiˈpation ♦ noun I'm looking forward to the concert with anticipation (= expectancy, excitement). انتظار؛ چشم به راهی /an tis´ǝ pāt´/ vi., vt. ● پیش بینی کردن،انتظار داشتن I anticipate a pleasant trip سفر خوشی را پیش بینی می‌کنم. anticipating her request, I prepared the tea in advance خواسته‌ی او را پیش بینی نموده و چای را از پیش آماده کردم. ● (موعد چیزی را) پیش انداختن،تسریع کردن ● پیشگیری کردن،پیشدستی کردن to anticipate an opponent's blows ضربه‌های حریف را پیشگیری کردن ● تقدم داشتن بر،جلو بودن did the Vikings anticipate Columbus in discovering America? آیا وایکینگ‌ها در کشف امریکا بر (کریستوف) کلمب تقدم داشتند؟ ● (قبل از موعد) مورد استفاده قرار دادن،پیش خور کردن they tried to anticipate the legacy آنها کوشیدند ارث را پیشخور کنند. ● (قبل از موعد) پرداختن،(پیش از وقت درباره‌ی چیزی) حرف زدن یا اقدام کردن ● پیشگرایی،چشمداشت،پیش نگرش to anticipate one's inheritance sein Erbe im Voraus verbrauchen to anticipate the outcome of sth das Ergebnis eines S. (gen) vorwegnehmen verb - anticipate پیش بینی کردن: foretaste, dope, anticipate, prognosticate, augur, foresee پیشدستی کردن: outsmart, anticipate سبقت جستن: take the lead, anticipate, outguess, forestall, get the better of, get the start انتظار داشتن: expect, envisage, hold forth, anticipate, attend, await جلوانداختن: antedate, anticipate, forward پیش گرفتن بر: anticipate سبقت جستن بر: anticipate English Dictionary adjective expected, foreseen, predicted, envisioned anticipate verb [an·tic·i·pate || æn'tɪsɪpeɪt] expect, predict; precede; hurry and come before

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estimate [ˈestimeit] ♦ verb 1 to judge size, amount, value etc , especially roughly or without measuring: He estimated that the journey would take two hours. برآورد کردن؛ تخمین زدن 2 to form an idea or judgement of how good etc something is: I estimated my chances of escape as very good. ارزیابی کردن؛ نظر دادن [-mət]noun a calculation (eg of the probable cost etc of something): He gave us an estimate of the cost of repairing the stonework; a rough estimate. برآورد هزینه ˌestiˈmation ♦ noun judgement; opinion: In my estimation, he is the more gifted artist of the two. ارزیابی؛ نظر /es´tǝ māt´, -mit/ n., vt., vi. ● برآورد،تخمین،حدس a rough estimate of the number of the killed برآورد غیر دقیق تعداد کشته شدگان according to my estimate طبق برآورد من ● برآورد هزینه the contractor submitted his estimate کنتراتچی برآورد مخارج را فرستاد. ● داوری،برداشت،ارزیابی،اظهارنظر what is your estimate of his qualifications? نظر شما درباره‌ی صلاحیت او چیست‌؟ ● داوری کردن،اظهار نظر کردن،ارزیابی کردن how would you estimate his chances for success? احتمال موفقیت او را چگونه ارزیابی می کنید؟ ● برآورد کردن،تخمین زدن،حدس زدن،برانداز کردن their loss is estimated at 30 million dollars خسارت آنها سی میلیون دلار برآورد شده است. the estimated number of the guests تعداد تخمینی مهمانان preliminary estimate Kostenvoranschlag m ballpark estimate ungefähre Schätzung conservative estimate vorsichtige Einschätzung safe estimate vorsichtige Schätzung at a rough estimate grob geschätzt estimate of expenditure Voranschlag m der Ausgaben short-range estimate kurzfristige Prognose rough calculation/estimate grobe [o. ungefähre] Kalkulation/Schätzung rough [or Am ballpark] estimate grobe Schätzung to reckon up ⇆ an estimate einen Kostenvoranschlag [o. CH a. eine Offerte] erstellen estimate of the market value Verkehrswertschätzung f her estimate was spot-on sie lag mit ihrer Schätzung genau richtig [o. ugs goldrichtig] their estimate of the likely cost was pretty wild sie hatten wilde Vorstellungen von den voraussichtlichen Kosten government sources estimate a long-term increase in rail fares Regierungskreise rechnen langfristig mit einem Anstieg der Bahnpreise noun - estimate تخمین: estimate, estimation, approximation, assessment, guess, conjecture ارزیابی: evaluation, assessment, appraisal, valuation, estimate, appraisement براورد: estimate, estimation, survey, assessment, calculation دیدزنی: estimate اعتبار: credit, validity, reliability, credibility, reputation, estimate تقویم: calendar, appraisal, assessment, valuation, estimate قیمت: price, value, worth, bourse, estimate verb - estimate تخمین زدن: estimate, appraise, compute, guesstimate, account, foreshow سنجیدن: measure, evaluate, figure out, weigh, compare, estimate بر اورد کردن: assess, calculate, estimate, rate, size

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the final part of something: Be careful not to introduce new ideas in the conclusion of your essay. finally: In conclusion, I would like to thank our guest speaker. The conclusion of your essay is good, but the final sentence is too long and complicated. If we carry this argument to its logical conclusion, we realize that further investment is not a good idea. The result of the election seems to be a foregone conclusion. The film has a boringly predictable conclusion. By this time they had disagreed so fiercely that there was no hope of an amicable conclusion. [kənˈklo͞oZHən] noun - conclusion استنتاج: inference, conclusion, deduction, derivation, induction, fruition نتیجه: result, outcome, consequence, conclusion, effect, sequel پایان: end, finish, ending, terminal, conclusion, termination انعقاد: coagulation, conclusion, coalescence, ratification, gelation, ligation خاتمه: end, conclusion, termination, finish, ending, close فرجام: end, conclusion, ending, finish ختم: end, termination, finish, conclusion, sealing, finis اتمام: completion, end, conclusion, accomplishment, finalization اختتام: conclusion انجام: performance, implementation, implement, fulfillment, accomplishment, conclusion سرانجام: end, conclusion, upshot, issue ختام: end, conclusion فروداشت: conclusion عاقبت: sequel, end, outcome, consequence, finale, conclusion

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appropriate [əˈprəupriət] ♦ adjective suitable; proper: Her clothes were appropriate to the occasion; Complain to the appropriate authority. شایسته؛ مناسب apˈpropriateness ♦ noun . شایستگی؛ مناسبت apˈpropriately ♦ adverb suitably: appropriately dressed for the occasion. بطور شایسته please delete as appropriate Nichtzutreffendes bitte streichen appropriate to the occasion dem Anlass entsprechend to appropriate funds einen Fonds zuteilen it's difficult to find the appropriate words es ist schwierig, die richtigen Worte zu finden to feel it appropriate/necessary/right to do sth es für angebracht/notwendig/richtig halten, etw zu tun please complete the appropriate part of this form bitte füllen Sie den zutreffenden Teil des Formulars aus it wouldn't be appropriate for me to comment es steht mir nicht zu, das zu kommentieren vt., adj. ● به خود اختصاص دادن،برای خود برداشتن ● (بدون اجازه) برداشتن،تصاحب کردن،بالا کشیدن (اموال)،به جیب زدن during their absence, he appropriated their share of the money او در غیاب آنها سهم پول آنها را خورد. ● تخصیص دادن،اختصاص دادن more money was appropriated for building schools پول بیشتری برای ساختن مدرسه اختصاص داده شد. not enough money has been appropriated for the construction of the new airport پول کافی برای ساختن فرودگاه جدید کنار گذاشته نشده است. ● شایسته،درخور،مناسب،پسندیده،بجا،جایز this suit is not appropriate for tonight's party این لباس برای مهمانی امشب مناسب نیست. an English class appropriate for children کلاس انگلیسی مناسب برای کودکان they thanked him appropriately به طور شایسته‌ای از او سپاسگزاری کردند. this joke is not appropriate in front of ladies این شوخی جلوی خانم‌ها جایز نیست. adjective - appropriate مناسب: suitable, appropriate, proper, convenient, adequate, fit مقتضی: appropriate, due, expedient, suitable, advisable, just در خور: appropriate, befitting, fit, meet, tailored, opportune باب: a la mode, appropriate verb - appropriate اختصاص دادن: assign, allocate, devote, appropriate, earmark, dedicate برای خود برداشتن: appropriate منظورکردن: appropriate

Answer 79

♦ verb 1 to give (a person) enough of what is wanted or needed to take away hunger, curiosity etc : The apple didn't satisfy my hunger; I told him enough to satisfy his curiosity. خرسند كردن 2 to please: She is very difficult to satisfy. راضي كردن ˌsatisˈfaction [-ˈfӕkʃən] ♦ noun 1 the act of satisfying or state of being satisfied: the satisfaction of desires. ارضا 2 pleasure or contentment: Your success gives me great satisfaction. رضايت ˌsatisˈfactory [-ˈfӕktəri] ♦ adjective (negative unsatisfactory ) giving satisfaction; good enough to satisfy: Your work is not satisfactory; The condition of the sick man is satisfactory. رضايت بخش ˌsatisˈfactorily [-ˈfӕktə-] ♦ adverb . به طرزي رضايت بخش ˈsatisfied ♦ adjective (sometimes with with ) pleased: I'm satisfied with his progress; a satisfied customer. رضايت آميز ˈsatisfying ♦ adjective pleasing: The story had a satisfying ending. راضي كننده /sat´is fī´/ vt., vi. ● راضی کردن،خشنود کردن،خرسند کردن I am satisfied with your work از کار شما راضی هستم. nothing satisfied this student and he was always complaining هیچ چیز این شاگرد را راضی نمی‌کرد و همیشه شکایت داشت. she tried to satisfy the child by giving him a candy کوشید با دادن یک آب نبات کودک را خشنود کند. ● (شرایط یا الزامات چیزی را) برآوردن،رفع کردن،ارضا کردن to satisfy one's natural urges خواسته‌ی طبیعی خود را ارضا کردن to get a diploma, you have to satisfy all of these course requirements برای گرفتن پایان‌نامه باید تمام درس‌های لازم را بگذرانی. to satisfy somebody's curiosity حس کنجکاوی کسی را فرونشاندن ● (قوانین و مقررات و تعمدات وغیره) تن دردادن،پیروی کردن،اجرا کردن she has completely satisfied our graduation requirements او تمام اقدامات برای فارغ‌التحصیل شدن ما را انجام داده است. ● از شک (یا واهمه یا وحشت و غیره) درآوردن،گره‌گشایی کردن،برطرف کردن،ادا کردن to satisfy any doubts, he went to them unarmed برای برطرف کردن هر گونه شک و تردید،او بدون اسلحه نزد آنها رفت. if a consignment does not satisfy all the conditions agreed upon, it will be sent back اگر محموله طبق همه‌ی شرایط مورد توافق نباشد پس فرستاده خواهد شد. our factory is able to satisfy the country's need for bicycles کارخانه‌ی ما می‌تواند نیاز کشور به دوچرخه را پاسخگو باشد. ● (وام و منت و غیره) پس دادن،جبران کردن،تلافی کردن،بازپرداخت کردن،پاداش دادن this property is not enough to satisfy his loans این ملک برای بازپرداخت وام‌های او کافی نیست. he had to sell his land to satisfy his creditors مجبور شد برای راضی کردن طلبکاران زمین خود را بفروشد. he has no expectation of being satisfied for the work he does at the orphanage او انتظار ندارد که در برابر کاری که در یتیم‌خانه می‌کند پاداش دریافت کند. ● غرامت دادن،تاوان دادن a treaty to satisfy Indians who had been deprived of their lands قراردادی برای دادن غرامت به سرخپوستانی که از زمین‌های خود محروم شده بودند ● بسنده بودن،کافی بودن،رضایتبخش بودن،خشنودگر بودن this amount will satisfy our needs for now این مقدار فعلا برای رفع نیازهای ما کافی خواهد بود. ● قانع کردن،مجاب کردن،پذیراندن،قبولاندن my reasons for the delay did not satisfy him دلایل من درباره‌ی تاخیر او را قانع نکرد. to satisfy the police that one is innocent بی‌گناهی خود را به پلیس قبولاندن * satisfy the examiners (انگلیس) در امتحان قبول شدن verb - satisfy خوشنود کردن: gladden, satisfy خشنود ساختن: please, satisfy, gladden اقناع شدن: satisfy خرسند کردن: content, gladden, satisfy راضی کردن: satisfy, sate, assure, content خشنود کردن: satisfy قانع کردن: convince, satisfy, comply, content to satisfy sb's curiosity jds Neugier[de] befriedigen to satisfy one's desire seine Begierde befriedigen to satisfy a debt eine Schuld begleichen to satisfy one's lust seine Lust befriedigen to satisfy a loan einen Kredit tilgen to satisfy the examiners Brit SCHULE, UNIV form eine Prüfung bestehen to satisfy a demand WIRTSCH eine Nachfrage befriedigen to satisfy one's creditors seine Gläubiger/Gläubigerinnen befriedigen to satisfy requirements Anforderungen genügen to identify/satisfy a need ein Bedürfnis erkennen/befriedigen to satisfy a need/passion/an urge ein Bedürfnis/eine Leidenschaft/ein Verlangen befriedigen to satisfy a condition/criteria/a demand/requirements eine Bedingung/Kriterien/eine Forderung/Anforderungen erfüllen they are trying to satisfy all shades of public opinion man versucht, allen Spielarten der öffentlichen Meinung gerecht zu werden

Answer 80

grant [graːnt] ♦ verb 1 to agree to, to give: Would you grant me one favour; He granted the man permission to leave. اهدا کردن؛ برآوردن 2 to agree or admit: I grant (you) that it was a stupid thing to do. تصدیق کردن ♦ noun money given for a particular purpose: He was awarded a grant for studying abroad. بورس ˈgranted, *ˈgranting (even) if; assuming: Granted that you are right, we will have to move fast. فرض کنیم که take for granted 1 to assume without checking: I took it for granted that you had heard the story. فرض کردن 2 to treat casually: People take electricity for granted until their supply is cut off. قدر چیزی را ندانستن grant [graːnt] ♦ verb 1 to agree to, to give: Would you grant me one favour; He granted the man permission to leave. اهدا کردن؛ برآوردن 2 to agree or admit: I grant (you) that it was a stupid thing to do. تصدیق کردن ♦ noun money given for a particular purpose: He was awarded a grant for studying abroad. بورس ˈgranted, *ˈgranting (even) if; assuming: Granted that you are right, we will have to move fast. فرض کنیم که take for granted 1 to assume without checking: I took it for granted that you had heard the story. فرض کردن 2 to treat casually: People take electricity for granted until their supply is cut off. قدر چیزی را ندانستن government grant staatliche Beihilfe [government] grant ≈ Bafög nt BRD student grant Stipendium nt overseas grant Entwicklungshilfe f maternity grant Brit Mutterschaftsgeld nt federal grant Bundesbeihilfe f research grant Forschungsstipendium nt to grant a divorce in eine Scheidung einwilligen research and development grant (for institutes, scientists) A a. Subvention f grant from local government Zuschüsse mpl der Stadt to grant compassionate leave Sonderurlaub bewilligen to grant sb probate jdm einen Erbschein ausstellen to grant bail die Freilassung gegen Kaution gewähren local authority grant kommunaler Zuschuss /grant, gränt/ vt., n. ● اهدا کردن،عطاکردن،اعطاکردن،دادن،بخشیدن به،برآوردن،واگذار کردن،هبه کردن،مستجاب کردن he was granted a week's leave of absence به او یک هفته مرخصی دادند. her wish was granted آرزویش برآورده شد. to grant a friend his wish خواهش یک دوست را اجابت کردن to grant a loan to an applicant به درخواست کننده وام دادن the granting of diplomas اعطای دانشنامه‌ها ● اعطا،اهدا،بخشش،دهش،هدیه،دهشت the hospital received a $ 5000 grant بیمارستان 5 هزار دلار اهدایی را دریافت کرد. ● اذعان کردن،قبول کردن (در بحث)،پذیرفتن،تصدیق کردن I grant your first point but not your second نکته‌ی اول شما را قبول دارم ولی دومی را نه. ● ملک یا مبلغ یا چیز اهدا شده،عطیه،(به ویژه) بورس،کمک هزینه‌ی تحصیلی student grant کمک هزینه (پول اهدایی به دانشجو) ● (آمریکا - در ایالات مین و ورمانت و نیوهامپشایر) بخش،ناحیه ● (زمین) واگذاری ● اقطاع * granted (that) گیرم،فرض کنیم * granting that گیرم که،فرض کنیم که،حتی اگر granting that you are right... به فرض که حق با شما باشد. ... * to take for granted اثبات شده،فرض کردن،پذیرفتن،عادی فرض کردن،مسلم پنداشتن،قدر چیزی را ندانستن،بی اهمیت پنداشتن don't take my friendship for granted! دوستی مرا مسلم نپندار! [grant] noun - grant عطا: grant, gift, granting, donation, present کمک هزینه تحصیلی: fellowship, grant امتیاز: score, concession, privilege, distinction, franchising, grant اهداء: donation, dedication, grant, present بخشش: forgiveness, bounty, gift, mercy, grant, pardon اجازه واگذاری رسمی: grant حقوق بگیر: annuitant, grant verb - grant دادن: give, give, grant, admit, impute, render اعطا کردن: grant, award, vest, vouchsafe, patent عطاء کردن: bestow, confer, give, grant بخشیدن: give, forgive, donate, remit, give away, grant تصدیق کردن: acknowledge, affirm, authenticate, establish, admit, grant مسلم گرفتن: grant

Answer 81

US UK AU duration [djuˈreiʃən] ♦ noun the length of time anything continues: We all had to stay indoors for the duration of the storm. مدت [d(y)o͝orˈāSHən] noun - duration مدت: term, time, period, duration, length, interval طول: length, duration, longitude استمرار: continuity, duration طی: duration بقاء: survival, survivorship, duration, durability, permanence, perpetuity درازی (زمان)،مدت his stay was of short duration اقامت او کوتاه مدت بود. of what duration? در طول چه مدتی‌؟ for the duration of his life برای همه‌ی عمرش ● (زبان‌شناسی) دیرش،تداوم،درنگ * for the duration 1- (انگلیس - عامیانه) تا پایان duration of a contract JUR Vertragsdauer f duration of present employment Dauer f der gegenwärtigen Beschäftigung for the duration (until this situation ends) bis zum Ende a stay of two years' duration ein zweijähriger Aufenthalt I suppose we're stuck with each other for the duration sieht so aus, als müssten wir es bis auf weiteres miteinander aushalten

Answer 82

discriminate [diˈskrimineit] ♦ verb 1 (with between ) to make or see a difference between: It is difficult to discriminate between real and pretended cases of poverty. تشخیص دادن 2 (often with against ) to treat a certain kind of people differently: He was accused of discriminating against women employees. فرق گذاشتن؛ تبعیض قائل شدن disˌcrimiˈnation ♦ noun . شناخت؛ تبعیض ● تمیز دادن،تشخیص دادن،فرق قائل شدن (یا گذاشتن)،نیماد کردن،بازدانی کردن he cannot discriminate between the tastes of these two kinds of tea او نمی‌تواند فرق بین مزه‌ی این دو نوع چای را تشخیص بدهد. colorblind people do not have the ability to discriminate colors اشخاص کور رنگ قدرت تمیز دادن رنگ‌ها را ندارند. ● موجب تمایز و تشخیص بودن،صفت مشخصه بودن،نیماد نما بودن،نیمادگر بودن red feathers are the discriminating marks of these birds پرهای قرمز صفت مشخصه‌ی این پرندگان است. ● نکته سنج بودن،طبع ظریف و نکته بین داشتن،فرق شناس بودن ● تبعیض قائل شدن،بهزانی کردن to discriminate on the basis of race, religion, or gender برپایه‌ی نژاد یا مذهب یا جنسیت تبعیض قائل شدن to discriminate against someone برعلیه کسی تبعیض قایل شدن to discriminate in favor of someone به نفع (برله) کسی تبعیض قایل شدن ● نکته سنجانه،از روی طبع ظریف و نکته بین،فرور شناس،نکته‌سنج discriminate customers who demand the best products مشتریان فرورشناس که طالب بهترین کالاها هستند [disˈkriməˌnāt] verb - discriminate تبعیض قائل شدن: discriminate, forejudge با علاميمشخصه ممتاز کردن: discriminate

Answer 83

allude [əˈluːd] ♦ verb (with to ) to mention: He did not allude to the remarks made by the previous speaker. اشاره کردن؛ ذکر کردن alˈlusion [-ʒən] ♦ noun (the act of making) a mention or reference: The prime minister made no allusion to the war in his speech. اشاره ǝ lōōd´/ vi. ● ذکر کردن،اشاره داشتن،اشاره کردن به،تلویحا گفتن،اظهار داشتن (به طور ضمنی) he alluded to the rising prices به قیمت‌های روزافزون اشاره کرد. [əˈlo͞od] verb - allude اشاره کردن: point, nudge, insinuate, mention, imply, allude مربوط بودن به: pertain to, allude, concern, treat اظهار کردن: declare, express, affirm, allude, froth, import گریز زدن به: allude to allude to sth auf etw Akk anspielen

Answer 84

noun - compression فشرده سازی: compression, compaction فشار: pressure, compression, press, push, stress, pressing تراکم: density, compression, congestion, aggregate, agglomeration, aggregation فشردگی: compression, compaction, jam, strangulation متراکم سازی: compression هم فشارش: compression بهم فشردگی: compression, impaction اختصار: abbreviation, brevity, clipping, compendium, contraction, compression ضغطه: squeezing, bruise, compressing, compression, contusion, forcing /kǝm presh´ǝn/ n. ● فشار،چلاندگی،تراکم،فشردگی،همفشردگی،همفشارش the compression of air by the piston فشرده شدن هوا توسط پیستون ● (موتورهای درونسوز) همفشردگی هوا و سوخت لحظه‌ای قبل از احتراق COMPUT data compression Datenverdichtung f disk compression software Festplattenkomprimierungssoftware f high/low compression engine hoch-/niedrigverdichteter Motor

Answer 85

common [ˈkomən] ♦ adjective 1 seen or happening often; quite normal or usual: a common occurrence; These birds are not so common nowadays. معمول؛ عادی 2 belonging equally to, or shared by, more than one: This knowledge is common to all of us; We share a common language. مشترک؛ همگانی 3 publicly owned: common property. عمومی؛ همگانی 4 coarse or impolite: She uses some very common expressions. بی ادبانه؛ رکیک 5 of ordinary, not high, social rank: the common people. عادی؛ عامی 6 of a noun, not beginning with a capital letter (except at the beginning of a sentence): The house is empty. اسم عام ♦ noun (a piece of) public land for everyone to use, with few or no buildings: the village common. محوطۀ عمومی ˈcommoner ♦ noun a person who is not of high rank: The royal princess married a commoner. آدم عادی؛ جزو عوام common knowledge something known to everyone or to most people: Surely you know that already – it's common knowledge. عمومی؛ ابتدایی common ˈlaw ♦ noun a system of unwritten laws based on old customs and on judges' earlier decisions. قانون عرفی ˈcommon-law ♦ adjective referring to a relationship between two people who are not officially married, but have the same rights as husband and wife: a common-law marriage; a common-law wife/husband. عرفی ˈcommonplace ♦ adjective very ordinary and uninteresting: commonplace remarks. عادی؛ پیش پا افتاده ˈcommon-room ♦ noun in a college, school etc a sitting-room for the use of a group. اتق اساتید؛ سالن دانشجویان common sense practical good sense: If he has any common sense he'll change jobs. درایت؛ شعور the Common Market (formerly) an association of certain European countries to establish free trade (without duty, tariffs etc ) among them, now replaced by the European Union. بازار مشترک the (House of) Commons the lower house of the British parliament. مجلس عوام in common (of interests, attitudes, characteristics etc ) shared or alike: They have nothing in common – I don't know why they're getting married. مشترک؛ شبیه • The police treated Tom like a common criminal. پلیس با تام مانند یک مجرم معمولی رفتار می کرد. • It is common for students to go to school without eating breakfast. خیلی از اوقات دانش‌آموزان بدون خوردن صبحانه به مدرسه می‌روند. • Peas and carrots are common ingredients in soups. نخود و هویج از افزودنی‌های متداول سوپ هستند. • They are bound together by common interests. آنها بر اساس علایق مشترک با هم در ارتباط هستند. Arianpur-OpenDictionary /käm´ǝn/ adj., n. ● مشترک،همگانی،انبازین،اشتراکی the common interests of the group علایق مشترک گروه common carriers موسسات حمل و نقل،ترابران همگانی ● معمولی،عمومی،عام،عامیانه،همه،همگان that is common knowledge آن چیزی است که همه می‌دانند. ● رسوا a common criminal جانی رسوا ● عادی،هر روزی،رایج،روزمره a common occurance رویداد عادی ● ساده،ابتدایی،اولیه observing common courtesy رعایت اصول اولیه‌ی ادب ● (در مورد افراد) آدم عادی،غیر اشرافی،عامی،(جمع) عوام،(ارتش) بدون درجه what the common man wants آنچه که یک فرد عادی می‌خواهد a common soldier سرباز ساده ● پست،زیر حد معمول،دون،پیش پا افتاده،رذل،دنی،ناکس،پست فطرت،زمخت و بی ادب،(جمع) عوام الناس common ware کالا (یا اجناس) پست ● (گاهی جمع) پارک،زمین همگانی،محوطه‌ی عمومی ● (حقوق) مشاع،غیرمفروز،مالکیت مشترک،حق مشترک ● (کالبد شناسی) منشعب،چند شاخه،انشعابی ● (دستور زبان) اسم عام (مانند: book و apple در مقایسه با اسم خاص مانند: Tehran)،هم مذکر و هم مونث،(دارای جنسیت) مشترک the word "child" is of common gender واژه‌ی ((کودک)) هم به مذکر و هم به مونث اتلاق می‌شود. ● (ریاضی - عدد) مشترک،متعارفی،همدار common divisor مقسوم‌علیه مشترک common fraction کسر متعارفی common principles اصول عام ● (کلیسا) مراسم وابسته به هر یک از اعیاد * common denominator (ریاضی) مخرج مشترک،برخه نام مشترک،وجه مشترک * common fraction کسر متعارفی * common ratio قدرنسبت (تصاعد هندسی) * common ground وجه مشترک،جنبه‌ی مشابه،تفاهم * the House of Commons (انگلیسی) مجلس عوام common equity primäres Eigenkapital common illness Volkskrankheit f common lore [alte] Volksweisheit f common carrier öffentliches Transportunternehmen common noun Gattungsname f common denominator gemeinsamer Nenner common property (known by most people) Allgemeingut nt common bathroom Gemeinschaftsbad nt common area allgemeiner Bereich common salt Kochsalz nt in common gemeinsam common parlance allgemeiner Sprachgebrauch common people einfache Leute common interests gemeinsame Interessen common debtor Gemeinschuldner(in) m (f) common ground JUR Unstreitige(s) nt it is common practice ... es ist allgemein üblich ... common precepts of decency allgemeine Anstandsregeln

Answer 86

distribute [diˈstribjut] ♦ verb 1 to divide (something) among several (people); to deal out: He distributed sweets to all the children in the class. توزیع کردن؛ پخش کردن 2 to spread out widely: Our shops are distributed all over the city. پراکنده بودن؛ پخش بودن ˌdistriˈbution [-ˈbjuː-] ♦ noun . توزیع؛ پراکندگی /di strib´yōōt, -yoot/ vt. ● توزیع کردن،پخش کردن to distribute medicines among the poor دارو بین مستمندان توزیع کردن the company's profits are distributed annually سود شرکت به طور سالیانه پخش می‌شود. ● (روی سطح) پهن کردن،پخشاندن،گستردن distributing the seed over the lawn پاشیدن تخم بر روی چمن distributing the paint evenly over the paper پخش کردن یکنواخت رنگ بر روی کاغذ ● پراکنده بودن،پخش و پلا بودن،پخش بودن the blood vessels distributed throughout the foot رگ‌های خونی که در سرتاسر پا پراکنده‌اند in all of the workshops distributed throughout the city در تمام کارگاه‌هایی که در شهر پخش بودند ● دسته‌دسته کردن،طبقه‌بندی کردن،رده بندی کردن،کلاسه کردن he spent a good deal of time distributing his specimens into their proper classes او وقت زیادی را صرف طبقه‌بندی نمونه‌های خود در رده‌های مربوطه کرد. ● در جای خود قرار دادن،در محل مشخص گذاشتن،حروف چاپی را از فرم درآوردن و در جای خود گذاشتن ● (مهجور) سرپرستی کردن،تصدی کردن،دادن to distribute justice دادگستری کردن ● (حقوق - ارث کسی که بدون وصیت‌نامه مرده است را بین بازماندگان بخش کردن) مرده‌ریگ بخش کردن،ارث تقسیم کردن،حصه کردن ● (منطق) واژه‌ای را به معنی اعم به کار بردن،تعمیم دادن to distribute a product ein Produkt vertreiben to distribute sth fairly etw gerecht verteilen to distribute sth evenly etw gleichmäßig verteilen to distribute food among the poor Nahrung f an die Armen verteilen to distribute sth with an even hand etw gleich verteilen to divide up/distribute sth among sb/sth etw unter jdm/etw aufteilen/verteilen [disˈtribyo͞ot] verb - distribute پخش کردن: spread, distribute, diffuse, broadcast, scatter, strew توزیع کردن: distribute, administrate, dispense, administer, deal, give out تعمیم دادن: generalize, distribute, popularize تقسیم کردن: divide, distribute, apportion, intersect, partition, admeasure

Answer 87

discretion noun [U] (CAREFUL BEHAVIOUR) C2 the ability to behave without causing embarrassment or attracting too much attention, especially by keeping information secret: "Can you trust him with this?" "Yes, he's the soul of discretion (= he will not tell other people)." discretion noun [U] (RIGHT TO CHOOSE) formal the right or ability to decide something: Students can be expelled at the discretion of the principal (= if the principal decides it). I leave the decision to your discretion (= for you to decide). n. [disˈkreSHən] ● اختیار،قدرت تصمیم‌گیری،آزادی عمل you have been given the discretion to choose your own staff به شما اختیار داده شده است که کارمندان خود را شخصا انتخاب کنید. ● (قدیمی) صواب دید،صلاح دید،داوری it is a matter that I cannot leave to anyone else's discretion این چیزی است که من نمی‌توانم به داوری کسی دیگری واگذار کنم. ● احتیاط،دقت،پیرانگری،پرواگری use care and discretion in your choice of an assistant! در گزینش معاون خود دقت و احتیاط به کار ببر. ● بصیرت،درایت * at the discretion of به صلاحدید،به داوری،به اختیار،به میل you can spend the money at your own discretion شما می‌توانید پول را به صلاحدید خود خرج کنید. * discretion is the better part of valor بهترین بخش شجاعت احتیاط است،آدم دلیر باید محتاط باشد * the age (or years) of discretion سن کمال،سنین تجربه و پختگی judicial discretion richterliches Ermessen a paragon of discretion ein Muster nt an Verschwiegenheit to use one's discretion nach eigenem Ermessen handeln to exercise one's discretion nach eigenem Ermessen handeln to use discretion/tact diskret/taktvoll sein age of discretion JUR Strafmündigkeit f at sb's discretion nach jds Ermessen to be at the discretion of sb [or at sb's discretion ] in jds Ermessen stehen to exercise discretion in a matter eine Angelegenheit mit Diskretion behandeln to be the soul of discretion/honesty die Verschwiegenheit/die Ehrlichkeit in Person sein to leave sth to sb's discretion etw jds Entscheidung überlassen to reach the age of discretion mündig werden discretion is the better part of valour Sprichw Vorsicht ist die Mutter der Porzellankiste Sprichw ugs to be the [very] soul of discretion die Diskretion in Person sein it is within his discretion to leave the country es steht ihm frei, das Land zu verlassen Dis•kre•ti•on [-'t ̮sjoːn] die; -; nur Sg; geschr; Takt und Verschwiegenheit, besonders bei Dingen, die geheim od. unangenehm sind ↔ Indiskretion Bedeutungen: [1] auf etwas Bestimmtes bezogene Verschwiegenheit, Geheimhaltung oder Vertraulichkeit [2] Takt, Rücksichtnahme [3] Zurückhaltung; die Eigenschaft, nicht aufdringlich zu sein Herkunft: Diskretion geht über das gleichbedeutende mittelfranzösische und französische discrétion → fr und das altfranzösische discrecion (Unterschied, Unterscheidungsvermögen) auf das spätlateinische discretio → la (Trennung, Unterscheidung) zurück, das ein Verbalabstraktum zum Verb discernere → la (absondern, unterscheiden) ist.[1] Synonyme: [3] Unaufdringlichkeit Gegenwörter: [1–3] Indiskretion [3] Aufdringlichkeit Beispiele: [1] Bezüglich der Affäre meiner Frau mit Ihrem Geschäftsführer zähle ich auf die Diskretion Ihres Hauses. [1] In dieser Angelegenheit wurden wir um äußerste Diskretion gebeten. [2] Weil die Diskretion es gebot, wurde auf dem Empfang des Botschafters nach den Einzelheiten des neuesten Skandals im Königshause nicht gefragt. [3] Unser Personal ist die Diskretion in Person. Es fiele niemals jemandem ein, an der Tür zu lauschen. [3] Von der Diskretion, die die Butler im Beisein der Herrschaften an den Tag legten, war hinter verschlossenen Türen nichts mehr zu merken.

Answer 88

/-id/ adj. ● سالخورده،کهن ● مهجور،چیزی‌که دیگر به‌درد نمی‌خورد،قدیمی ماب،امل،از مد افتاده،مال عهد دقیانوس the clatter of the antiquated automobile تلق‌تلق کردن اتومبیل قراضه an antiquated tax system نظام مالیاتی فرسوده و دیروزین • I prefer antiquated models. من مدل‌های عتیقه را ترجیح می‌دهم. [ˈantiˌkwātid] adjective - antiquated کهنه: old, stale, archaic, antiquated, obsolete, ancient قدیمی: old, ancient, past, archaic, outdated, antiquated منسوخ: obsolete, outdated, abolished, abrogated, antiquated, disused متروک: abandoned, desolate, obsolete, derelict, lonely, antiquated

Answer 89

Learners US UK AU despair [diˈspeə] ♦ verb to lose hope (of): I despair of ever teaching my son anything. ناامید شدن؛ دلسرد شدن ♦ noun 1 the state of having given up hope: He was filled with despair at the news. ناامیدی؛ سرخوردگی 2 (with the ) something which causes someone to despair: He is the despair of his mother. مایه یأس و ناامیدی • His failure in the examination drove him to despair. شکست او درامتحان به او احساس نا امیدی را القا کرد. Arianpur-OpenDictionary /di sper´/ vi., vt., n. ● نومیدی،ناامیدی،یاس،سرخوردگی،دلسردی there can be much hope (even) in despair ... در نومیدی بسی امید است ... the wrestling champion's defeat filled everyone with despair شکست قهرمان کشتی همه را غرق در نومیدی کرد. despair is the enemy of hope نومیدی دشمن امید است. to make somebody despair کسی را نومید کردن ● نومید کردن یا شدن،ناامید کردن یا شدن،مایوس کردن یا شدن،سرخورده کردن یا شدن،دلسرد کردن یا شدن have faith in God and despair not! به خدا توکل کن ونومید نشو! she despaired of even seeing her son again او امیدی نداشت که هرگز دوباره پسر خود را ببیند. if you despair, you will fail اگر نومید شوی موفق نخواهی شد. ● مایه‌ی نومیدی that student's illegible handwriting was my despair خط ناخوانای آن شاگرد حس یاس مرا برمی‌انگیخت. * be the despair of موجب نومیدی بودن * overcome by despair غرق در نومیدی،کاملا نومید after the war, some Germans were overcome by despair بعد از جنگ نومیدی بر برخی از آلمان‌ها غلبه کرده بود. diˈspe(ə)r] noun - despair یاس: despair, disappointment, discouragement, letdown نومیدی: despair, desperation, disappointment فروماندگی: despair, desperate situation, fatigue, inability, poverty verb - despair مایوس شدن: despair, despond blank despair schiere Verzweiflung sheer despair blanke [o. schiere] Verzweiflung black despair tiefste Verzweiflung in utter despair völlig verzweifelt to drive sb to despair jdn zur Verzweiflung treiben to the despair of sb zu jds Verzweiflung to despair of doing sth die Hoffnung aufgeben, etw zu tun to be filled with despair voller Verzweiflung sein he sank into deep despair er fiel in tiefe Verzweiflung her cheerfulness alternated with despair mal war sie ausgelassen, dann wieder verzweifelt to be in deep despair total verzweifelt sein to be the despair of sb jds Sorgenkind sein to do sth out of despair etw aus Verzweiflung tun to be pitched [headlong] into despair in [eine] tiefe Verzweiflung gestürzt werden to spill out ⇆ one's anger/despair/worries seinem Ärger/seiner Verzweiflung/seinen Sorgen Luft machen to vacillate between hope and despair zwischen Hoffnung und Verzweiflung schwanken to be in despair about [or over] sth über etw Akk [o. wegen einer S. Gen ] verzweifelt sein to be in the depths of despair zutiefst verzweifelt sein

Answer 90

scorn [skoːn] ♦ noun contempt or disgust: He looked at my drawing with scorn. تحقير ♦ verb to show contempt for; to despise: They scorned my suggestion. تحقير كردن ˈscornful ♦ adjective 1 feeling or showing scorn: a scornful expression/remark. خوار شمردن 2 making scornful remarks: He was rather scornful about your book. مردود دانستن ˈscornfully ♦ adverb . با تحقير و تمسخر ˈscornfulness ♦ noun . حقارت skôrn/ n., vt., vi. ● (شدید و معمولا همراه با خشم) تحقیر،خوارداشت،خوارشماری،پست شماری the offer for unconditional surrender was rejected with scorn پیشنهاد تسلیم بلاشرط را با تحقیر رد کردند. their scorn for the traitor drove him to suicide تحقیرهای آنان خائن را به خودکشی واداشت. to heap scorn on somebody کسی را کاملا مورد تحقیر قرار دادن ● شخص یا چیز مورد تحقیر the unfair boxer became the scorn of the crowd مشت‌زن بی‌انصاف مورد تحقیر جماعت قرار گرفت. ● تحقیر کردن،خوار کردن،پست شمردن،کوچک شمردن he scorned to take bribes رشوه گرفتن را خوار می‌شمرد. they scorned him for he had no money چون پول نداشت او را خوار می‌شمردند. ● (با خشم یا تحقیر) رد کردن،نپذیرفتن،عار داشتن she scorned offers of reconciliation from her former husband پیشنهاد آشتی از سوی شوهر سابقش را با تحقیر رد کرد. ● (مهجور) مورد تمسخر قرار دادن،مسخره‌کردن to be the scorn of sb von jdm verachtet werden to pour scorn on sth/sb etw/jdn mit Spott überhäufen to feel [or have] scorn for sb für jdn Verachtung empfinden to be/become an object of pity/scorn zum Gegenstand des Mitleids/Spotts sein/werden to pour scorn on an idea/a theory eine Idee/Theorie verreißen why do you always pour scorn on my suggestions? warum machst du meine Vorschläge immer lächerlich? [skôrn] noun - scorn تمسخر: ridicule, derision, scorn, mock, scoff, irony تحقیر: humiliation, contempt, disdain, scorn, humility, belittlement مذمت: reproach, disapproval, blaming, disapprobation, scorn, blame حقارت: humility, scorn, demission, paltriness عار: disdain, disdain, shame, disgrace, scorn بی اعتنایی: defiance, inattention, scorn, slight, insouciance, incaution خردانگاری: scorn verb - scorn خوار شمردن: despise, disdain, scorn, contemn خردانگاشتن: scorn استهزاء کردن: jest, deride, flout, scorn, sneer, fleer اهانت کردن: scorn

Answer 91

US UK AU admit [ədˈmit]– past tense, past participle adˈmitted – ♦ verb 1 to allow to enter: This ticket admits one person. اجازه دخول دادن 2 to say that one accepts as true: He admitted (that) he was wrong. اعتراف کردن adˈmissible [-səbl] ♦ adjective allowable: admissible evidence. قابل قبول adˈmission [-ʃən] ♦ noun 1 being allowed to enter; entry: They charge a high price for admission. ورودیه 2 (an) act of accepting the truth of (something): an admission of guilt. پذیرش adˈmittance ♦ noun the right or permission to enter: The notice said `No admittance'. پذیرش؛ ورود adˈmittedly ♦ adverb as is generally accepted: Admittedly, she is not well. مسلماً /ad mit´/ vt. ● اجازه‌ی دخول دادن،راه دادن،(بیمارستان) بستری کردن no one is admitted in the operating room هیچ کس را به اتاق جراحی راه نمی‌دهند. this ticket admits two با این بلیط دو نفر می‌توانند داخل شوند. ● روا داشتن this problem admits of no delay این مسئله تعلل‌پذیر نیست. ● جا داشتن،ظرفیت داشتن this hall admits 500 people این سالن گنجایش پانصد نفر را دارد. ● اعتراف کردن،قبول کردن،خستو شدن،معترف بودن she admitted her fault تقصیر خود را قبول کرد. he admitted that we have rights too او پذیرفت که ما هم حقوقی داریم. ● (در حرفه یا مدرسه و غیره) پذیرفته شدن he was admitted to the bar او را به وکالت دادگستری پذیرفتند. to admit one's guilt seine Schuld zugeben to freely admit sth etw ohne Umschweife zugeben to admit evidence JUR ein Beweismittel zulassen to admit defeat seine Niederlage eingestehen to admit [or concede]/suffer defeat eine Niederlage eingestehen/erleiden I admit that I was wrong ich gebe zu, dass ich unrecht hatte he's too macho to admit that dafür ist er ein viel zu großer Macho, als dass er das zugeben würde to admit sb to hospital for observation jdn zur Beobachtung ins Krankenhaus einweisen I hate to admit/say it, but ... es fällt mir äußerst schwer, das zuzugeben/sagen zu müssen, aber ... to admit sb to [Am the] hospital jdn ins Krankenhaus einliefern to admit an error [or a mistake]/one's guilt einen Irrtum [o. Fehler] /seine Schuld zugeben [o. einräumen] this line of reasoning defeats me, I must admit übtr diesem Argument kann ich leider nicht folgen much to my humiliation I must admit my mistake sehr zu meiner Schande muss ich meinen Fehler eingestehen he doesn't have the humility to admit when he's wrong er ist zu stolz, zuzugeben, wenn er Unrecht hat sometimes it takes more courage to admit you are wrong than to stand firmly manchmal braucht man mehr Mut, einen Fehler einzugestehen, als auf etwas zu beharren it takes guts to admit to so many people that you've made a mistake man braucht Mut, um vor so vielen Leuten zuzugeben, dass man einen Fehler gemacht hat [ədˈmit] verb - admit پذیرفتن: accept, embrace, admit, receive, allow, hear دادن: give, give, grant, admit, impute, render اقرار کردن: admit, avouch, confess, own راه دادن: admit بار دادن: admit راضی شدن: acquiesce, consent, supple, admit رضایت دادن: consent, assent, accede, acquiesce, admit تصدیق کردن: acknowledge, affirm, authenticate, establish, admit, aver زیر بار رفتن: admit واگذار کردن: concede, cede, assign, relegate, give, admit اعطاء کردن: admit, allow, confer

Answer 92

charge [tʃaːdʒ] ♦ verb 1 to ask as the price (for something): They charge 50 cents for a pint of milk, but they don't charge for delivery. مطالبه کردن هزینه 2 to make a note of (a sum of money) as being owed: Charge the bill to my account. به حساب گذاشتن 3 (with with ) to accuse (of something illegal): He was charged with theft. متهم کردن 4 to attack by moving quickly (towards): We charged (towards) the enemy on horseback. یورش بردن 5 to rush: The children charged down the hill. شتابان رفتن؛ تاختن 6 to make or become filled with electricity: Please charge my car battery. شارژ کردن 7 to make (a person) responsible for (a task etc ): He was charged with seeing that everything went well. مسئول کردن ♦ noun 1 a price or fee: What is the charge for a telephone call? هزینه 2 something with which a person is accused: He faces three charges of murder. اتهام 3 an attack made by moving quickly: the charge of the Light Brigade. یورش 4 the electricity in something: a positive or negative charge. بار 5 someone one takes care of: These children are my charges. شخص تحت سرپرستی 6 a quantity of gunpowder: Put the charge in place and light the fuse. خرج ˈcharger ♦ noun formerly, a horse used in battle. اسب جنگی in charge of responsible for: I'm in charge of thirty men. مسئول in someone's charge in the care of someone: You can leave the children in his charge. تحت مراقبت take charge 1 (with of ) to begin to control, organize etc : The department was in chaos until he took charge (of it). کاری را به عهده گرفتن 2 (with of ) to take into one's care: The policeman took charge of the gun. مسئولیت قبول کردن /chärj/ n., vi., vt. ● (در مورد قیمت و مزد و غیره) خواستن،مطالبه کردن،محسوب کردن how much do you charge? چقدر می‌گیرید؟ (مزد یا قیمت) چند است‌؟ the bank charges me ten percent interest for the loan بانک از من بابت وام ده درصد بهره می‌گیرد. they charged fifty tumans for admission آنها پنجاه تومان ورودیه می‌گرفتند. charge it to me پای من حساب کنید. ● به حساب (اعتبار یا نسیه‌ی کسی) واریز کردن please charge the cost to my account لطفا هزینه را به حسابم بگذارید. I have a charge account with this shop با این مغازه حساب (نسیه) دارم. ● هزینه،نرخ،خرج،اجرت،حق‌الزحمه،هزینه سرانه خدمات is there a charge for this service? آیا این خدمت مستلزم پرداخت حق‌الزحمه است‌؟ (postal) stamp and telephone charges پول تمبر و تلفن ● اتهام she was arrested on a charge of conspiracy to commit murder به اتهام تبانی در ارتکاب قتل بازداشت شد. what were the charges against him? اتهامات علیه او چه بود؟ ● متهم کردن he was charged with murder او را به آدم کشی متهم کردند. ● کسی که تحت سرپرستی یا تکفل دیگری باشد he spoke to his two charges با دو نفری که سرپرستی آنان را به عهده داشت صحبت کرد. to become a public charge (به خاطر فقر و غیره) تحت سرپرستی سازمان‌های دولتی یا خیریه قرار گرفتن ● یورش بردن،تازیدن،حمله کردن suddenly the dog charged at me ناگهان سگ پرید (حمله کرد) به من. he slammed the door like a madman and charged into the room مثل دیوانه‌ها در را برهم کوفت و بی‌محابا وارد اتاق شد. ● تاخت،تازش،تک،یورش،حمله a cavalry charge تک سواره نظام،حمله‌ی سواره نظام the officer cried, "charge!" افسر فریاد زد: ((حمله‌!)) the troops mounted one charge after another قشون پشت سر هم یورش می‌برد. ● (در مورد باطری و برق) شارژ کردن،تازاندن،بار کردن،تاز کردن،بارمند کردن I have to have my car battery charged باید بدهم باطری اتومبیلم را شارژ کنند. ● شارژ،بار،تاز positive charge (برق) بار مثبت ● (در جنگ افزار) خرج (میزان مواد منفجره‌ی لازم برای گلوله یا بمب)،فشنگ،بمب،خرجگذاری ● (سلاح را) پر کردن،فشنگ گذاشتن he charged his gun again and started shooting دوباره تفنگ خود را پر کرد و شروع کرد به تیراندازی. ● برگماشتن،مامور کردن،مکلف کردن،تکلیف کردن،دستور دادن،محول کردن،گمارش،وظیفه،دستور the judge's charge to the jury دستور قاضی به هیئت منصفه he was charged with the duty of getting the supplies وظیفه‌ی تهیه‌ی لوازم به او محول شده بود. ● (مهجور) پر کردن،بار روی چیزی گذاشتن ● (چیزی را با چیز دیگر) اشباع کردن air charged with steam هوای اشباع شده از بخار آب ● (به آب و غیره) دی اکسید کربن افزودن ● (امریکا - خودمانی) لذت و هیجان he gets a charge out of anoying his younger brother از اذیت کردن برادر کوچکتر خود لذت می‌برد. * bring a charge against someone کسی را رسما متهم کردن * charge off 1- (حسابداری) سوخت شده محسوب کردن،به حساب زیانکار بردن 2- متعلق دانستن به،وابسته دانستن به * free of charge رایگان،مجانی،بدون مطالبه‌ی قیمت یا کارمزد * give somebody in charge (انگلیس) تحویل پلیس دادن * have charge of (something) مسئول (چیزی) بودن * in charge مسئول (کاری)،متصدی who is in charge here? در اینجا مسئول کیست‌؟ * in charge of مسئول،متصدی he is in charge of recruitment او مسئول استخدام است. * take charge (of something) (کاری را) به عهده گرفتن،مسئولیت قبول کردن * under the charge of تحت سرپرستی یا تصدی،زیر نظر charge! (battle cry) vorwärts! net charge PHYS Gesamtladung f cavalry charge Reiterattacke f floating charge schwebende Belastung finance charge Finanzierungskosten pl extra charge CH a. Aufzahlung m charge card Kundenkreditkarte f charge sheet polizeiliches Anklageblatt fixed charge Fixbelastung f pollution charge AUTO Umweltmaut f token charge symbolische Gebühr admission charge Eintritt m additional charge Aufpreis m felony charge Anklage f wegen eines Schwerverbrechens holding charge Nebenbeschuldigung f flat charge Pauschale f fachspr [CHärj] noun - charge اتهام: charge, accusation, indictment, impeachment, denunciation, delation بار: load, bar, burden, charge, cargo, loading هزینه: cost, expense, expenditure, charge, outlay, toll عهده: duty, responsibility, charge, guarantee, obligation, engagement خرج: cost, expense, charge, expenditure, outlay, input مطالبه: demand, claim, charge, exaction حمله: attack, assault, offensive, offense, onslaught, charge مسئوليت: responsibility, liability, charge, accountability, burden, office تصدی: tenure, incumbency, charge, chairmanship, authority, commission مطالبه هزینه: charge وزن: rhythm, burden, cadence, scale, avoirdupois, charge عهده داری: charge, incumbency verb - charge گماشتن: appoint, assign, designate, charge, commission, instate زیربار کشیدن: charge متهم ساختن: accuse, charge پرکردن: charge

Answer 93

[ˈske(ə)rslē] adverb - scarcely ندرتا: rarely, seldom, scarcely adv. ● بسیار کم،اندکی،به سختی،تازه،کمی،به محض اینکه،چند لحظه‌ای نگذشته بود که I had scarcely finished dinner when he arrived تازه شام را تمام کرده بودم که او وارد شد. scarcely more than two miles from my house اندکی بیش از دو میل از خانه‌ی من I scarcely noticed what was going on به سختی متوجه شدم که چه چیزی دارد روی می‌دهد. I had scarcely read the letter when they handed me another one هنوز نامه را نخوانده بودم که یک نامه‌ی دیگر به دستم دادند. ● حتی،هنوز هم نه،فقط،کمتر از she is scarcely fifteen years old او حتی پانزده سال هم ندارد. an English teacher who scarcely knows a word of English! معلم انگلیسی که حتی یک کلمه انگلیسی بلد نیست‌! scarcely two hours کمتر از دو ساعت ● به ندرت،ندرتا،دیر به دیر she scarcely comes here any more او دیگر دیر به دیر اینجا می‌آید. my mother scarcely wore red dresses مادرم به ندرت لباس قرمز می‌پوشید. ● شاید نه،محتملا نه there could scarcely have been found a leader better suited for the work احتمال بسیار کمی وجود داشت که بتوان مدیر بهتری را برای آن کار پیدا کرد. ● حتما نه،محققا نه،اصلا نه we could scarcely interfere between the man and his wife ما اصلا نمی‌توانستیم در کار آن مرد با زنش مداخله کنیم. I had scarcely sat down when ... ich hatte mich gerade hingesetzt, als ... she can scarcely afford to pay the rent sie kann das Geld für die Miete kaum aufbringen he would scarcely have said a thing like that er hätte so etwas wohl kaum behauptet even his critics could scarcely forbear from congratulating him selbst seine Kritiker konnten kaum umhin, ihm zu gratulieren

Answer 94

sincere [sinˈsiə] ♦ adjective 1 true; genuine: a sincere desire; sincere friends. صادق 2 not trying to pretend or deceive: a sincere person. بي ريا sinˈcerely ♦ adverb I sincerely hope that you will succeed. صادقانه sinˈcerity [-ˈse-] ♦ noun the state of being sincere: The sincerity of his comments was obvious to all. صداقت /sin sir´/ adj. ● راد،صمیمی،بی‌ریا،صادق،پاکدل he was sincere in what he said از روی صداقت حرف زد. ● صادقانه،رادمنشانه،واقعی،بی‌غل و غش،راستین،صمیمانه sincere grief اندوه واقعی sincere friendship دوستی صمیمانه ● (قدیمی) ناب،اصیل،خالص sincere wine شراب ناب ● (مهجور) زخمی نشده،سالم،بی‌صدمه * sincerely, adv. 1- رادمنشانه،صادقانه،صمیمانه،با صداقت 2- (در پایان برخی نامه‌ها - با: yours) ارادتمند yours sincerely (or sincerely yours) با تقدیم احترام sincere believer ernsthafter Gläubiger she is sincere in her political beliefs sie meint es ernst mit ihrer politischen Überzeugung to show/express deep/sincere/everlasting gratitude tiefe/aufrichtige/ewige Dankbarkeit zeigen/zum Ausdruck bringen

Answer 95

intend [inˈtend] ♦ verb 1 to mean or plan (to do something or that someone else should do something): Do you still intend to go?; Do you intend them to go?; Do you intend that they should go too? قصد داشتن 2 to mean (something) to be understood in a particular way: His remarks were intended to be a compliment. معنی دادن 3 (with for ) to direct at: That letter/bullet was intended for me. برای کسی بودن inˈtent [-t] ♦ adjective 1 (with on ) meaning, planning or wanting to do (something): He's intent on going; He's intent on marrying the girl. مصمم 2 (with on ) concentrating hard on: He was intent on the job he was doing. متوجه ♦ noun purpose; what a person means to do: He broke into the house with intent to steal. نیت inˈtention [-ʃən] ♦ noun what a person plans or intends to do: He has no intention of leaving; He went to see the boss with the intention of asking for a pay rise; If I have offended you, it was quite without intention; good intentions. قصد؛ منظور inˈtentional [-ʃənl] ♦ adjective (negative unintentional ) done, said etc deliberately and not by accident: I'm sorry I offended you – it wasn't intentional; intentional cruelty. عمدی inˈtentionally ♦ adverb . بطور عمدی inˈtently ♦ adverb with great concentration: He was watching her intently. با دقت؛ با اشتیاق to intend no harm nichts Böses wollen to intend doing [or to do] sth etw vorhaben to intend sb to do sth wollen, dass jd etw tut to intend [or mean] no disrespect for sth etw Dat gegenüber nicht respektlos sein wollen I fully intend to see this project through ich bin fest entschlossen dieses Projekt zu Ende zu bringen what do you intend to do about it? was willst du in der Sache unternehmen? /in tend´/ vt., vi. ● قصد داشتن،در نظر داشتن،خواستن،آهنگ (کاری را) کردن،هنجیدن،یازیدن he intends to buy a house او قصد دارد یک خانه بخرد. when do you intend to get married? کی می‌خواهی ازدواج کنی‌؟ ● اختصاص دادن،در نظر گرفتن،برای کسی (یا چیزی) بودن،نیت داشتن a cake intended for the party یک کیک که مختص مهمانی است the bullet was intended for you گلوله به سوی تو خالی شده بود. ● معنی دادن،رساندن،(جمع) منویات what is really intended by this letter ? منظور واقعی این نامه چیست‌؟ this is not what I intended منظورم این نبود. ● (قدیمی) متوجه کردن (فکر یا نگاه) ● (حقوق) از نظر قانونی تفسیر کردن [inˈtend] verb - intend خواستن: want, ask, desire, solicit, wish, intend قصد داشتن: intend, aim, mean, purpose خیال داشتن: intend, think بر آن بودن: ween, intend

Answer 96

resign [rəˈzain] ♦ verb 1 to leave a job etc : If he criticizes my work again I'll resign; He resigned (from) his post. استعفا دادن؛ کناره گیری کردن 2 (with to ) to make (oneself) accept (a situation, fact etc ) with patience and calmness: He has resigned himself to the possibility that he may never walk again. به خود قبولاندن resignation [rezigˈneiʃən] ♦ noun 1 the act of resigning. استعفا 2 a letter etc stating that one is resigning: You will receive my resignation tomorrow. استعفانامه 3 (the state of having or showing) patient, calm acceptance (of a situation, fact etc ): He accepted his fate with resignation. قبول؛ پذیرش reˈsigned ♦ adjective (often with to ) having or showing patient, calm acceptance (of a fact, situation etc ): He is resigned to his fate. بردبار ri zīn´/ vt., vi. ● استعفا دادن،مستعفی شدن،کناره‌گیری کردن to resign one's post از مقام خود کناره‌گیری کردن the minister of the interior resigned وزیر کشور استعفا داد. Ahmad was forced to resign احمد را وادار به استعفا کردند. ● صرفنظر کردن،دست برداشتن،چشم پوشیدن،تفویض کردن she resigned all her rights in that property از کلیه‌ی حقوق خود نسبت به آن ملک چشم پوشید. ● سپردن،واگذار کردن she resigned the child to my care بچه رابه من سپرد. ● (معمولا با: -self) رضایت دادن،به خود قبولاندن،پذیرفتن he is resigned to his fate او سرنوشت خود را پذیرفته است. she resigned herself to a life of poverty and solitude او خود را با زندگی در فقر و تنهایی آشتی داد. [riˈzīn] verb - resign مستعفی شدن: resign کناره گرفتن: resign تفویض کردن: abdicate, confer, devolve, resign, vouchsafe استعفا دادن از: resign دست کشیدن: cease, desist, resign, demit to resign one's commission aus dem Offiziersdienst ausscheiden to resign en masse geschlossen zurücktreten to depart/resign prematurely vorzeitig abreisen/kündigen to resign from a job einen Job kündigen to resign a hopeless position das Spiel aufgeben to resign from a company/an office aus Dat einer Firma/einem Amt ausscheiden to resign from an office/a post von einem Amt/einem Posten zurücktreten to resign one's membership of sth aus etw Dat austreten to resign an office/a post ein Amt/einen Posten niederlegen to hold/resign from high office ein hohes Amt innehaben/niederlegen to resign oneself to a fact/one's fate/the inevitable sich Akk mit einer Tatsache/seinem Schicksal/dem Unvermeidlichen abfinden is it true that you were asked to resign? stimmt es, dass man dir nahegelegt hat, dein Amt niederzulegen?

Answer 97

og [fog] ♦ noun a thick cloud of moisture or water vapour in the air which makes it difficult to see: I had to drive very slowly because of the fog. مه ♦ verb– past tense, past participle fogged – (usually with up ) to cover with fog: Her glasses were fogged up with steam. مه آلود شدن ˈfoggy ♦ adjective full of, or covered with, fog: It is very foggy tonight. مه آلود ˈfog-bound ♦ adjective unable to move or function because of fog: The plane is fog-bound. گرفتار در مه ˈfog-horn ♦ noun a horn used as a warning to or by ships in fog. بوق مه [fäg,fôg] noun - fog مه: May, fog, mist, haze, brume, pea souper ابهام: ambiguity, obscurity, equivocation, haze, fog, mist تیرگی: blur, darkness, gloom, turbidity, obscurity, fog مه سفید: fog verb - fog مه گرفتن: fog, mist تیره کردن: darken, blur, obscure, dim, fog, bedim مه الود بودن: fog English Persian Sentences • The freight train was held up about half an hour because of a dense fog. قطار برای نیم ساعت به علت مه غلیظ توقف کرد.

Answer 98

to come nearer to something or someone: [ I ] We could see the train approaching from a distance. [ I/T ] If you approach someone, you meet or communicate directly with that person: [ T ] We approached the bank manager about a loan. approach verb (DEAL WITH) [ T ] a way of dealing with something: We need to adopt a different approach to the problem. We should approach this problem logically. approach رویکرد noun [ C ] US approach [əˈprəutʃ] ♦ verb to come near (to): The car approached (the traffic lights) at top speed; Christmas is approaching. نزدیک شدن ♦ noun 1 the act of coming near: The boys ran off at the approach of a policeman. نزدیکی 2 a road, path etc leading to a place: All the approaches to the village were blocked by fallen rock. راه 3 an attempt to obtain or attract a person's help, interest etc: They have made an approach to the government for help; That fellow makes approaches to (= he tries to become friendly with) every woman he meets. مراجعه؛ توجه apˈproachable ♦ adjective 1 friendly. خوش برخورد؛ مهربان 2 that can be reached: The village is not approachable by road. دست یافتنی؛ قابل حصول apˈproaching ♦ adjective the approaching dawn. نزدیک • Many on-line companies need to have a new approach to business to survive. بسیاری از شرکت‌های آنلاین برای بقا نیازمند داشتن رویکردی جدید در کسب و کار هستند. • I will show you a new approach to foreign language learning. من شیوه ای نو برای یادگیری زبان نشانت می دهم. [əˈprōCH] verb - approach نزدیک شدن: approach, near, come close, accost, accede, nigh نزدیک امدن: approach, approximate vi., vt., n. ● نزدیک کردن یا شدن please approach the desk لطفا جلوی میز بیایید. we were approaching Nassrabad when it started to rain داشتیم به نصرآباد نزدیک می‌شدیم که باران گرفت. the time of departure is approaching هنگام عزیمت نزدیک می‌شود. ● نزدیک شدگی،نزدیکی the approach of spring نزدیک شدن بهار ● پیشنهاد کردن،درخواست کردن،(به منظور بلند کردن جنس مخالف) بذل توجه کردن،مراجعه کردن Ahmad approached five people but none of them agreed to help احمد به پنج نفر مراجعه کرد ولی هیچکدام حاضر به کمک نشدند. ● پیشنهاد،درخواست،مراجعه،توجه (به جنس مقابل) Fatemeh rejected all his approaches فاطمه همه‌ی پیشنهادات (منظوردار) او را رد کرد. ● شبیه بودن،قرابت،تقرب this room is the nearest approach to a hospital in the village of Fashin در دهکده‌ی فشین این اتاق از همه بیشتر به یک بیمارستان شباهت دارد. ● شروع به اقدام کردن to approach a task به کاری پرداختن ● دسترسی،راه دخول،ورود،دستیابی،رسش،رهیافت،رویکرد،روش،راه،شیوه the snow had closed all the approaches to the village برف کلیه‌ی راه‌های دسترسی به دهکده را مسدود کرده بود. ● وسیله‌ی دستیابی،روش (حصول) we must take a new approach to the problem ما باید از راه دیگری به مسئله رسیدگی کنیم. ● (هواپیمایی - به منظور نشستن یا حمله) به حالت ویژه درآوردن هواپیما،نقطه‌ی شروع تقرب هواپیما approach formation نحوه‌ی نزدیک شدن به باند فرودگاه و یا دشمن approach route مسیر نزدیک شدن به باند فرودگاه ● (بازی گلف) ضربه‌ای که هدفش راندن توپ به داخل محوطه‌ی سوراخ است approach (come closer): to approach sb/sth sich Akk jdm/etw nähern to approach sb/sth (come towards) auf jdn/etw zukommen you can only approach this area by air dieses Gebiet kann man nur auf dem Luftweg erreichen 2. approach (of amount, time): to approach sth the total amount is approaching $1000 die Gesamtsumme nähert sich der 1000-Dollar-Marke my grandfather is approaching 80 mein Großvater wird bald 80 it's approaching lunchtime es geht auf Mittag zu approach (of quality): to approach sb/sth an jdn/etw heranreichen the service here doesn't even approach a decent standard der Service hier ist unter allem Standard 4. approach (ask): to approach sb an jdn herantreten she hasn't approached him about it yet sie hat ihn noch nicht deswegen angesprochen to approach sb for sth jdn um etw Akk bitten

Answer 99

debate [diˈbeit] ♦ noun a discussion or argument, especially a formal one in front of an audience: a Parliamentary debate. بحث؛ گفتمان ♦ verb 1 to hold a formal discussion (about): Parliament will debate the question tomorrow. مورد بحث قرار دادن؛ گفتمان کردن 2 to think about or talk about something before coming to a decision: We debated whether to go by bus or train. تأمل و تعمق کردن؛ سبک سنگین کردن deˈbatable ♦ adjective doubtful; able to be argued about: a debatable point. قابل بحث؛ تردید پذیر /dē bāt´, di-/ vi., vt. ● بحث،گفتمان (بیان یا مبادله‌ی عقاید یا استدلال‌های دو یا چند طرف مقابل هم)،مباحثه،بگومگو،جر و بحث after a long debate پس از بحث طولانی his murder caused much political debate قتل او منجر به جر و بحث سیاسی زیادی شد. ● بحث کردن،مورد بحث قرار دادن،گفتمان کردن،جر و بحث کردن،بگومگو کردن the parliament debated the new bill مجلس لایحه‌ی جدید را مورد بحث قرار داد. nowadays, the morality of war is a much debated subject اخلاقی بودن جنگ مطلبی است که این روزها سخت مورد بحث است. ● مناظره I've taken a course in speech and debate من کلاسی درباره‌ی سخنرانی و مناظره برداشته‌ام. a debate team تیم مناظره ● مناظره کردن the two teams debated for and against capital punishment دو گروه برله و علیه مجازات اعدام مناظره کردند. ● (آموزش) علم و هنر مناظره و سخنوری،در کاوش ● صلاحدید کردن (به ویژه با خود)،سبک و سنگین کردن،تامل و تعمق کردن we are debating what to do next ما داریم صلاحدید می‌کنیم که بعدا چکار کنیم. they debated closing the shop آنان بستن مغازه را مورد بحث قرار دادند. I am debating which offer to accept دارم سبک و سنگین می‌کنم که کدام پیشنهاد را بپذیرم. he debated buying another car او خرید اتومبیل دیگری را در ذهن خود مورد بررسی قرار داد. ● (مهجور) مجادله کردن،دعوا و مرافعه کردن * debater 1- مناظره‌کننده،گفتمانگر،سخنور 2- اهل جر و بحث،بحث کننده noun - debate ‎مناظره: debate, discussion, argument, disputation, dispute, argumentation ‎مباحثه: debate, discussion, discourse, argument, controversy, contention ‎مذاکره: negotiation, talk, discussion, debate, consultation, conference ‎مذاکرات پارلمانی: debate ‎بحی: discussion, quarrel, altercation, argument, argumentation, debate verb - debate ‎مناظره کردن: debate ‎مطرح کردن: bring up, discuss, consider, moot, table, debate ‎مباحثه کردن: debate, dispute, dissert ‎سر و کله زدن: bicker, dispute, altercate, argue, argufy, debate

Answer 100

slander [ˈslaːndə] ♦ noun (the act of making) an untrue spoken, not written, statement about a person with the intention of damaging that person's reputation: That story about her is nothing but a wicked slander! تهمت ● (معمولا شفاهی: در برابر libel که کتبی است) افترا،تهمت،شاخچه،چفته،دروغ بندی to bring an action against somebody for slander به خاطر افترا کسی را مورد تعقیب قرار دادن ● افترا زدن،تهمت زدن،شاخچه بستن ♦ verb to make such statements about (a person etc ). تهمت زدن to sue sb for slander jdn wegen Verleumdung anzeigen a campaign of slander against sth eine Hetzkampagne gegen etw Akk to bring a slander action against sb einen Prozess wegen Verleumdung gegen jdn anstrengen

Answer 101

sue [suː] ♦ verb 1 to start a law case against. تعقيب قانوني كردن 2 (with for : especially in law) to ask for (eg divorce). درخواست دادن sue [suː] ♦ verb 1 to start a law case against. تعقيب قانوني كردن 2 (with for : especially in law) to ask for (eg divorce). درخواست دادن /sōō/ vi., vt. ● (حقوق) اقامه‌ی دعوی کردن،(از دست کسی) عارض شدن،(به دادگاه) شکایت کردن،به محاکمه کشاندن،به دادگاه مراجعه کردن to sue for divorce برای طلاق به دادگاه مراجعه کردن he has sued his neighbor از دست همسایه‌اش عارض شده است. to sue for damages برای خسارت به دادگاه شکایت کردن ● در خواست کردن،تمنا کردن،استدعا کردن،خواستار بودن to sue for peace درخواست صلح کردن to sue for forgiveness استدعای بخشش کردن ● (قدیمی) خواستگاری کردن * sue out از دادگاه حکم گرفتن • Sue is an American student. سو یک دانشجوی آمریکائی است. • Sue will meet the Browns. سو با خانواده برون ملاقات خواهد کرد. • I will sue you. ازت شکایت می کنم [so͞o] verb - sue تعقیب کردن: pursue, chase, follow, chevy, sue, chivvy تقاضا کردن: request, demand, adjure, beseech, bone, sue تعقیب قانونی کردن: litigate, indict, law, prosecute, sue دعوی کردن: pretend, quarrel, sue Sue got clean away Sue ist spurlos verschwunden to sue for peace um Frieden bitten to sue sb for libel jdn wegen Verleumdung verklagen to sue sb for divorce gegen jdn die Scheidung einreichen to sue sb for slander jdn wegen Verleumdung anzeigen to sue sb for damages jdn auf Schadenersatz verklagen to file [or sue sb] for divorce gegen jdn die Scheidung einreichen the name Susan is often abbreviated to Sue Susan wird oft mit Sue abgekürzt she was forced to sue to get her property back sie war gezwungen vor Gericht zu gehen, um ihr Eigentum zurückzubekommen I wouldn't put it past him to sue his own mother ich würde es ihm durchaus zutrauen, seine eigene Mutter zu verklagen I shared a flat with Sue when we were at university als wir an der Uni waren, hatte ich mit Sue eine gemeinsame Wohnung

Answer 102

suffocate [ˈsafəkeit] ♦ verb to kill, die, cause distress to or feel distress, through lack of air or the prevention of free breathing: A baby may suffocate if it sleeps with a pillow; The smoke was suffocating him; May I open the window? I'm suffocating. خفه كردن ˌsuffoˈcation ♦ noun . خفگي suf´ǝ kāt´/ vi., vt. ● خفه کردن یا شدن،جلو دمزنی یا اکسیژن رسانی را گرفتن children left in a box suffocated بچه‌هایی که آنها را در جعبه گذاشته بودند خفه شدند. ● (در اثر گرما یا دود و غیره) دچار تنگی نفس شدن the room was so crowded and hot that I was suffocating اتاق آنقدر شلوغ و گرم بود که نمی‌توانستم نفس بکشم. ● (به ویژه رشد یا پیشرفت) جلوگیری ک to suffocate sb jdn ersticken to feel suffocated übtr das Gefühl haben zu ersticken [ˈsəfəˌkāt] verb - suffocate خاموش کردن: silence, put out, extinguish, stifle, out, suffocate

Answer 103

chore [tʃoː] ♦ noun a piece of housework or other hard or dull job. کار ناخوشایند؛ کار پر زحمت chore (tedious task) langweilige Aufgabe chore (unpleasant task) lästige Aufgabe noun - chore کارهای عادی و روزمره: chore, donkey work کار مشکل: chore کار سخت و طاقت فرسا: chore

Answer 104

[ˌrekənˌsilēˈāSHən] noun - reconciliation مصالحه: compromise, reconciliation, conciliation, accord اصلاح: repair, correction, modification, amendment, shaving, reconciliation تلفیق: compilation, synthesis, incorporation, modulation, reconciliation, conflation اشتی: reconciliation, peace, placation, conciliation, detente bank reconciliation [Konten]abstimmung f reconciliation statement Erklärung f von Kontenabstimmungsdifferenzen the reconciliation of their differences was at this point no longer possible die Beilegung ihrer Meinungsverschiedenheiten war zu diesem Zeitpunkt nicht mehr möglich the reconciliation of the facts with the theory is not always easy das Vereinbaren von Fakten mit der Theorie ist nicht immer einfach

Answer 105

strive [straiv]– past tense strove [strouv]: past participle striven [ˈstrivn] – ♦ verb to try very hard or struggle: He always strives to please his teacher. سعي كردن /strīv/ vi. ● تکاپو کردن،تلاش کردن،جد و جهد کردن،(سخت) کوشیدن،چخیدن،تقلا کردن each of us must strive to improve himself هر یک از ما باید برای بهتر سازی خود جد و جهد کند. to strive for success برای موفقیت تکاپو کردن ● ستیزه کردن،ستیزیدن،پیکار کردن،مبارزه کردن،کشمکش کردن،جنگیدن to strive against oppression بر ضد بیدادگری ستیزه کردن ● (قدیمی) رقابت کردن،همچشمی کردن to strive for statehood eine eigene staatliche Souveränität anstreben strive as we might [or may] trotz all unserer Bemühungen [strīv] verb - strive کوشیدن: strive, endeavor, try, tug, endeavour کوشش کردن: try, labor, assay, attempt, bend, strive گستردن: spread, lay on, propagate, streak, strive سر و دست شکسن: beaver, strive, try, endeavour جد و جهد کردن نزاع کردن: strive

Answer 106

to be [entirely] without scruple [völlig] skrupellos sein to not scruple to do sth keine Bedenken [o. Skrupel] haben, etw zu tun [ˈskro͞opəl] noun - scruple محظور اخلاقی: scruple تردید: doubt, uncertainty, skepticism, suspicion, hesitancy, scruple واحد سنجش چیز جزئی: scruple اندک: paucity, modicum, pinch, whit, drib, scruple ذره: particle, bit, whit, speck, grain, scruple بیم: fear, dread, awe, apprehension, care, scruple نهی اخلاقی: scruple وسواس باک: scruple verb - scruple وسواس داشتن: scruple دو دل بودن: waver, scruple, vacillate تردید داشتن: scruple, stagger, vacillate /skrōō´pǝl/ n., vt., vi. ● مقدار بسیار کم،اندک،قلیل،ناچیز،جزئی ● (روم باستان) واحد وزن برابر با یک بیست و چهارم اونس ● محذور اخلاقی،تردید (به ویژه درباره‌ی درستی عمل یا روش بخصوص)،ندای وجدان،دودلی،اندید،شک،ابا moral scruples محذورهای اخلاقی without the slightest scruple, he ordered their execution بدون کمترین تردید دستور اعدام آنها را داد. she had no scruples about opening and reading others' letters از بازکردن و خواندن نامه‌های دیگران ابا نداشت. ● محذور اخلاقی داشتن،دودل بودن،اندیدن،شک داشتن،ابا داشتن she does not scruple about lying دروغ گفتن وجدانش را ناراحت نمی‌کند.

Answer 107

cynical [ˈsinikəl] ♦ adjective inclined to believe the worst, especially about people: a cynical attitude. بدبین؛ منفی باف ˈcynically ♦ adverb . با بدبینی ˈcynic ♦ noun a person who believes the worst about everyone: He is a cynic – he thinks no-one is really unselfish. آدم منفی باف؛ آدم بدبین ˈcynicism [-sizəm] ♦ noun . بدگمانی؛ بدبینی adj. ● (C بزرگ - فلسفه) کلبی (Cynic) ● (کسی که معتقد است انسان‌ها خودخواه و آزمندند و زندگی ارزشی ندارد) بدبین،بدگمان،منفی باف،دژمان،سگ‌سان،سگ‌سار،دژآگاه he is cynical about finding his watch او امیدی به یافتن ساعت خود ندارد. he was cynical about marriage او نسبت به ازدواج بدبین بود. don't be so cynical! اینقدر دژمان مباش‌! bankruptcy made him cynical about everything and everyone ورشکستگی او را نسبت به همه چیز و همه کس دژمان کرد. ● طعنه‌آمیز،نیشخند آمیز،تلخ zynisch grinsen to give a cynical grin a. abw

Answer 108

charm [tʃaːm] ♦ noun 1 (a) pleasant quality or attraction: Her charm made up for her lack of beauty. جذابیت؛ گیرایی 2 a magical spell: The witch recited a charm. سحر؛ جادو 3 something believed to have the power of magic or good luck: She wore a lucky charm. طلسم 4 a small ornament that is worn on a chain or bracelet. زیورآلات ♦ verb 1 to attract and delight: He can charm any woman. شیفته کردن؛ محسور کردن 2 to influence by magic: He charmed the snake from its basket. طلسم کردن ˈcharming ♦ adjective very attractive: a charming smile. بسیار جذاب ˈcharmingly ♦ adverb . با جذابیت /chärm/ n., vt., vi. ● (در اصل - دعا یا شعری که می‌پنداشتند می‌تواند کمک کند یا صدمه بزند) ورد،دمدمه،سحر،جادو،افسون ● هرشی که دارای خاصیت جادویی باشد،طلسم،خرمهره they hang charms around the necks of their children and cattle آنان طلسم به گردن کودکان و چهار پایان خود می‌آویزند. ● جادو کردن،جادوگری کردن،طلسم کردن یا شدن (to cast a spell on هم می‌گویند) his body was charmed and no sword could harm him بدنش طلسم شده بود و هیچ شمشیری به او کارگر نبود. ● زیور آلات (گردنبند و دستبند و غیره) ● دلربایی،دلبری،گیرایی،شهوند،جذبه،جذابیت،طنازی،افسونگری Parvin's speech had charm as well as depth سخنرانی پروین هم گیرایی و هم عمق داشت. the narrow alleys of Isfahan have a unique charm کوچه‌های باریک اصفهان جذابیت منحصر بفردی دارند. ● دل ربودن،شیفته کردن،طنازی کردن،افسونگری کردن،محسور کردن the charming smile of Mona Lisa لبخند افسون آمیز مونالیزا the children's behavior charmed the guests رفتار بچه‌ها مهمانان را مسحور کرد. [CHärm] noun - charm افسون: charm, spell, fascination, enchantment, glamor, incantation طلسم: talisman, spell, fetish, mascot, charm, amulet فریبندگی: charm, seduction, glamor, fascination, temptation, glamour دلربایی: oomph, charm, mash سحر: magic, dawn, witchcraft, enchantment, sorcery, charm verb - charm افسون کردن: bewitch, charm, enchant, fascinate, voodoo, witch مسحور کردن: bewitch, bedazzle, charm, ravish, bedevil فریفتن: seduce, entice, deceive, skunk, decoy, charm

Answer 109

equivalent [iˈkwivələnt] ♦ adjective equal in value, power, meaning etc : A metre is not quite equivalent to a yard; Would you say that `bravery' and `courage' are exactly equivalent? برابر؛ هم معنی ♦ noun something or someone that is equivalent to something or someone else: This word has no equivalent in French. هم ارز؛ هم معنی n., adj. ● برابر،هم‌معنی،هم ارز،هم سنگ،هم‌توان،هم‌چند is there an equivalent word to "seegheh" in the English language? آیا در انگلیسی واژه‌ای معادل ((صیغه)) وجود دارد؟ one hundred dollars or an equivalent amount in Rials صد دلار یا مبلغ برابر آن به ریال ● (شیمی - دارای والانس برابر) هم ارزش،هم‌ظرفیت ● (هندسه - هم اندازه ولی نه هم‌شکل) هم ارز،هم اندازه،هم وسعت ● چیز برابر،نیروی هم‌توان (و غیره) ● (شیمی) حاصل تقسیم وزن اتمی بر والانس یا ارزش ● هم‌معنی،هم‌چم this is equivalent to writing ... genauso gut könnte man schreiben, ... to be functionally equivalent to sth dieselbe Funktion wie etw haben to be equivalent to doing sth genauso sein, als ob man etw tun würde is $50 equivalent to about £30? sind 50 Dollar ungefähr so viel wie 30 Pfund? to be the closest equivalent to sth etw Dat am nächsten kommen to be the exact equivalent of sth etw Dat genau entsprechen there is no English equivalent for ‘bon appetit’ im Englischen gibt es keinen entsprechenden Ausdruck für ‚bon appetit‘ this was the nearest equivalent to cottage cheese I could find von allem, was ich auftreiben konnte, ist das hier Hüttenkäse am ähnlichsten

Answer 110

regard [rəˈgaːd] ♦ verb 1 (with as ) to consider to be: I regard his conduct as totally unacceptable. ملاحظه کردن 2 to think of as being very good, important etc ; to respect: He is very highly regarded by his friends. احترام قائل شدن 3 to think of (with a particular emotion or feeling): I regard him with horror; He regards his wife's behaviour with amusement. به حساب آوردن 4 to look at: He regarded me over the top of his glasses. نگاه کردن 5 to pay attention to (advice etc ). توجه کردن ♦ noun 1 thought; attention: He ran into the burning house without regard for his safety. توجه؛ ملاحظه 2 sympathy; care; consideration: He shows no regard for other people. اهمیت 3 good opinion; respect: I hold him in high regard. احترام reˈgarding ♦ preposition about; concerning: Have you any suggestions regarding this project? مربوط reˈgardless ♦ adjectiv, ♦ adverb not thinking or caring about costs, problems, dangers etc : There may be difficulties but I shall carry on regardless. صرف نظر از؛ علی رغم reˈgards ♦ noun plural greetings; good wishes: Give my regards to your mother; He sent her his regards. سلام رسنی؛ ارادات as regards as far as (something) is concerned: As regards the meeting tomorrow, I hope as many people will attend as possible. تا آن جا که به کسی مربوط می شود؛ درباره with regard to about; concerning: I have no complaints with regard to his work. در مورد with regards is sometimes used in ending a letter. with regard to means `about'. ri gärd´/ n., vt., vi. ● نگاه ثابت،نگاه خیره،(نگاه) زل زل،نگاه she looked at me with a steady regard زل زل به من نگاه می‌کرد. ● ملاحظه،توجه to have regard for others' feelings ملاحظه‌ی احساسات دیگران را کردن Hossein had no regard for his health حسین به سلامتی خود توجهی نمی‌کرد. without regard to race or religion بدون در نظر گرفتن نژاد یا مذهب ● احترام،عزت I have a high regard for my former teachers من برای معلم‌های سابق خودم احترام زیادی قایلم. a man of small regard مرد کم احترام ● عطف،راجع (به)،در مورد،(در)باره in regard to your plan راجع به نقشه‌ی شما ● (جمع) سلام‌رسانی،ارادت give my regards to your brother سلام مرا به برادرت برسان. ● (مهجور) قیافه،ظاهر ● (به کسی یا چیزی) خیره شدن،زل زل نگاه کردن،(با دقت) نگاه کردن،نگریستن he regarded me from the corner of his eye از گوشه‌ی چشمش به من نگاه کرد. ● به حساب آوردن،به شمار آوردن I regard you as my brother به چشم برادری به تو نگاه می‌کنم. ● احترام قائل شدن I regard your father highly من برای پدر شما احترام زیادی قایل هستم. ● مورد ملاحظه قرار دادن،تلقی کردن he regards taxes as a heavy burden او مالیات‌ها را به عنوان باری سنگین تلقی می‌کند. ● مربوط بودن،سر و کار داشتن that which regards our welfare آنچه که با رفاه ما سروکار دارد ● توجه کردن ● (مهجور) اهمیت دادن * as regards درباره‌ی،تا آنجا که به ... مربوط می‌شود we are well-supplied as regards food تا آنجا که مربوط به خوراک می‌شود کمبود نداریم. * without regard to بدون در نظر گرفتن egard for self Sorge f um das eigene Wohlergehen to regard sb/sth jdn/etw betrachten to regard sb highly (be considerate of) große Rücksicht auf jdn nehmen in this [or that] regard in dieser Hinsicht with [or in] regard to ... in Bezug auf ... to regard sb with suspicion jdm mit Misstrauen begegnen with special regard to sth unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von etw Dat to regard sth with sth etw mit etw Dat betrachten to pay regard to sth auf etw Akk Rücksicht nehmen to hold sth in low regard etw geringschätzen I regard my car as an essential mein Auto ist für mich absolut unverzichtbar I regard telephones and televisions as inessentials für mich sind Telefon und Fernseher etwas Unwesentliches to regard/view sth with suspicion etw mit Misstrauen betrachten to pay no regard to a warning eine Warnung in den Wind schlagen she became aware of his regard sie merkte, dass er sie anstarrte to not regard sb's needs/situation/wishes jds Bedürfnisse/Situation/Wünsche nicht berücksichtigen to regard sb/sth curiously/strangely jdn/etw neugierig/befremdet betrachten without [or with no] regard for sb/sth ohne Rücksicht auf jdn/etw without regard to race or colour egal welcher [o. ungeachtet der] Rasse und Hautfarbe [riˈgärd] noun - regard توجه: attention, consideration, regard, care, notice, heed نظر: opinion, view, look, regard, viewpoint, sight احترام: respect, honor, regard, tribute, reverence, respectability باره: regard ملاحظه: consideration, regard, observation, remark, prudence, reservation رعایت: observance, observation, regard, heed بابت: regard, behalf, concern نگاه: look, glance, regard, gander, kenning سلام: greeting, salute, salutation, salaam, hail, regard مراعات: observance, consideration, regard, heed, assistance درود: greeting, salute, hail, salutation, compliment, regard verb - regard نگریستن: look, regard, glance ملاحظه کردن: consider, remark, heed, note, notice, regard اعتناء کردن به: heed, mind, regard نگاه کردن: look up, look, see, eye, regard

Answer 111

adjective 1 tempting and attractive; enticing. a seductive voice synonyms: sexy , alluring , tempting , irresistible , exciting , provocative , sultry , slinky , coquettish , flirtatious , vampish , come-hither the seduction of money der Lockruf des Geldes arts of seduction Verführungskünste pl seductive argument, offer verführerisch seductive argument, offer verlockend geh /si duk´shǝn/ n. ● گمراهی،اغوا،فریب،از راه به در شدگی،فریب خوردگی the seduction of his daughter by the neighbor's son گمراهی دخترش توسط پسر همسایه ● عامل گمراهی،چیز گمراه کننده siˈdəkSHən] noun - seduction فتنه: intrigue, sedition, seduction, temptation, insurrection, riot اغوا: seduction, temptation, enticement, seducement, sophistication, allurement فتنه انگیزی: seduction, instigation, incitement, provocation, abetment فریبندگی: charm, seduction, glamor, fascination, temptation, glamour گول زنی: seduction, dupery, humbuggery, sharp practice, trickery گمراه سازی: seduction adj. ● وسوسه انگیز،دلفریب،فریبنده،فریبا her seductive smile لبخند دلفریب او adjective - seductive اغوا کننده: seductive, tempting گمراه کننده: illusory, deceptive, seductive, sinister, sinuous, illusive فریبا: charming, deceiving, deceptive, seductive

Answer 112

advertise [ˈӕdvətaiz] ♦ verb to make (something) known to the public by any of various methods: I've advertised (my house) in the newspaper; They advertised on TV for volunteers. آگهی کردن advertisement [ədˈvəːtismənt, (American) ӕdvərˈtaizmənt] ♦ noun (also ad [ӕd], advert [ˈadvəːt]) a film, newspaper announcement, poster etc making something known, especially in order to persuade people to buy it: an advertisement for toothpaste on television; She replied to my advertisement for a secretary. آگهی ˈadvertiser ♦ noun a person who advertises. آگهی کننده ● آگهی،اعلان ● تبلیغات بازرگانی،آگهی‌های تجاری good advertising leads to good sales تبلیغات خوب موجب فروش خوب می‌شود. ● آگهی کردن،اعلان کردن،آگهی دادن،تبلیغ کردن،تبلیغ تجاری کردن she advertised for a servant او برای مستخدم (در روزنامه) آگهی کرد. a billboard advertising a fishing competition تابلویی که مسابقه‌ی ماهیگیری را اعلان می‌کرد ● نشان دادن،گویا بودن his features advertised his harsh and brutal nature قیافه‌اش نهاد خشن و سبع او را بروز می‌داد. ● شناساندن،اعلام کردن let us not advertise our differences بیا اختلافات خود را بروز ندهیم. ● به رخ کشیدن ● تعریف کردن verb - advertise اگهی دادن: advertise, announce اعلان کردن: proclaim, announce, advertise, declare, give out انتشار دادن: issue, advertise, announce, promulgate, propagate to advertise one's willingness seine Bereitschaft bekunden to advertise one's presence sich Akk auffällig verhalten to advertise over the air im Fernsehen/Radio Werbung machen to advertise sth as energy-saving etw als Energie sparend anpreisen if you're applying for other jobs, I wouldn't advertise the fact at work dass du dich für andere Stellen bewirbst, würde ich auf der Arbeit nicht herumposaunen

Answer 113

he failed to convince the jury es ist ihm nicht gelungen, die Jury zu überzeugen to convince sb to do sth jdn dazu bringen, etw zu tun it takes more than that to convince me das überzeugt mich noch lange nicht convince [kənˈvins] ♦ verb to persuade (a person) that something is true: Her smile convinced me that she was happy; She is convinced of his innocence. متقاعد کردن conˈvincing ♦ adjective (negative unconvincing ) having the power to convince: a convincing argument. متقاعد کننده #● (با استدلال) معتقد کردن،(با دلیل و برهان) قبولاندن،پذیراندن،پذیرفتار کردن،متقاعد کردن،مجاب کردن،قانع کردن he convinced me to buy that carpet او مرا متقاعد کرد که آن قالی را بخرم. ● معتقد بودن،اعتقاد راسخ داشتن،باور داشتن ● عقیده‌مند کردن،هم‌اندیش کردن،هم‌رای کردن،راغب کردن through advertising, they convince people to buy با تبلیغ،مردم را راغب به خرید می‌کنند. ● مطمئن کردن * be convinced اطمینان داشتن،معتقد بودن،پذیرفتار بودن،پذیرا بودن،اعتقاد راسخ داشتن I am convinced that he was not lying اعتقاد راسخ دارم که دروغ نمی‌گفت. * convinced, adj. 1- پر و پا قرص،دوآتشه 2- مطمئن 3- معتقد،مومن،پذیراگر a convinced socialist یک سوسیالیست پر و پا قرص If anybody could convince Tom, it would be Mary. اگر کسی می توانست تام را متقاعد کند، آن ماری بود [kənˈvins] verb - convince متقاعد کردن: convince, ensure قانع کردن: convince, satisfy, comply, content

Answer 114

eventual schließlich the eventual cost die letztendlichen Kosten we remain optimistic about an eventual agreement wir bleiben optimistisch, dass wir am Ende [doch] noch eine Einigung erzielen werden eventual [iˈventʃuəl] ♦ adjective happening in the end: their quarrel and eventual reconciliation. پایانی؛ نهایی eˌventuˈality [-ˈӕ-]– plural eventuˈalities – ♦ noun a possible happening: We are ready for all eventualities. پیامد eˈventually ♦ adverb finally; at length: I thought he would never ask her to marry him, but he did eventually. سرانجام؛ عاقبت adj. ● (آنچه که در آخر یا در نتیجه‌ی یک سلسله رویداد بیاید) نهایی،پایانی،پیامدین،بعدی،متعاقب،پسین،پسایند our eventual success کامیابی نهایی ما [iˈvenCHo͞oəl] adjective - eventual احتمالی: likely, probable, eventual, probabilistic, presumptive مشروط: conditional, contingent, conditioned, qualified, provisional, eventual شرطی: conditional, eventual, provisional, provisory موکول بانجام شرطی: eventual مشروط بشرایط معینی: eventual

Answer 115

[ˈärtəfakt] noun - artifact مصنوع: artifact, artefact, piece of art, work of art محصول مصنوعی: artefact, artifact noun 1 an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest. gold and silver artifacts synonyms: relic , article , handiwork 2 something observed in a scientific investigation or experiment that is not naturally present but occurs as a result of the preparative or investigative procedure. widespread tissue infection may be a technical artifact /ärt´ǝ fakt´/ n. ● چیزی که توسط انسان ساخته شده است (به ویژه ابزار و ظروف و جنگ افزارهای انسان اولیه)،دست ساخت،مصنوع،دست ساز gold and silver artifacts found in a prehistoric tomb ابزار زرین و سیمین یافته شده در یک قبر ماقبل تاریخ ● (بافت شناسی - مواد یا عوامل خارجی که تصادفا با چیزی که مورد پژوهش و بازبینی می‌باشد مخلوط شده است) ورساخته

Answer 116

US UK AU observe [əbˈzəːv] ♦ verb 1 to notice: I observed her late arrival. متوجه شدن 2 to watch carefully: She observed his actions with interest. با توجه نگریستن 3 to obey: We must observe the rules. رعایت کردن 4 to make a remark: `It's a lovely day', he observed. اظهار کردن obˈservance ♦ noun 1 the act of obeying rules etc : the observance of the law. رعایت 2 the act of observing (a tradition etc ): the observance of religious holidays. برگزاری obˈservant ♦ adjective quick to notice: An observant boy remembered the car's registration number. تیز بین ˌobserˈvation [ob-] ♦ noun 1 the act of noticing or watching: She is in hospital for observation. مراقبت؛ توجه 2 a remark. اظهار نظر obˈservatory– plural obˈservatories – ♦ noun a place for observing and studying the stars, weather etc . رصدخانه obˈserver ♦ noun a person who observes. ناظر؛ مراقب vt., vi. ● (قانون یا وظیفه یا سنت و غیره) رعایت کردن،پیروی کردن،مراعات کردن a good citizen observes laws شهروند خوب قانون‌ها را رعایت می‌کند. observing common decencies مراعات اصول و نزاکت‌های معمول ● برگزار کردن،بزرگداشت کردن،جشن گرفتن we always observed birthdays ما همیشه زاد روزها را جشن می‌گرفتیم. ● نگریدن،متوجه شدن،مشاهده کردن،مورد مداقه قرار دادن،تحت توجه قرار دادن،پی بردن I have observed that foreign students tend to isolate themselves متوجه شده‌ام که شاگردان برون مرزی به انزوا گرایش دارند. ● (پس از پژوهش) به نتیجه رسیدن،نتیجه گیری کردن،بر نگری کردن ● گفتن،اظهار کردن "this carpet", she observed slowly, "has several flaws" ((این فرش)) او به آهستگی گفت: ((چندین عیب دارد)). ● مورد مطالعه‌ی علمی قرار دادن،پژوهیدن for years he has been observing ant colonies سال‌ها است که درباره‌ی دسته‌های مورچه پژوهش می‌کند. to observe a ceasefire einen Waffenstillstand einhalten to observe an anniversary einen Jahrestag begehen do you observe Passover? feiert ihr das Passahfest? to observe the Sabbath den Sabbat einhalten to observe the decencies den Anstand wahren to observe the proprieties die Regeln der Höflichkeit wahren to observe silence Stillschweigen bewahren to observe neutrality die Neutralität einhalten to follow [or obey] [or form observe] a rule eine Regel befolgen [o. einhalten] to observe a minute of silence eine Schweigeminute einlegen to observe the law/an order das Gesetz/eine Anordnung befolgen to observe a rule/speed limit sich Akk an eine Regel/Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung halten to break/observe [or keep] the Sabbath den Sabbat entheiligen/heiligen I hate funerals, but you must observe the decencies ich hasse Beerdigungen, aber man muss eben die Form wahren now, observe the way the motor causes the little wheels to move up and down verfolge jetzt genau, wie der Motor die kleinen Räder sich auf und ab bewegen lässt

Answer 117

evil incarnate das personifizierte Böse God incarnate der menschgewordene Gott the devil incarnate der personifizierte Teufel incarnate [inˈkaːnət] ♦ adjective (of God, the devil etc ) having taken human form: a devil incarnate. تندار؛ متجسم incarnation [inkaːˈneiʃən] ♦ noun (the) human form taken by a divine being etc : Most Christians believe that Christ was the incarnation of God. انسان دیسی؛ مظهر /in kär´nit, -nāt´/ adj., vt. ● (جسم به ویژه جسم انسانی دادن به) تن مند کردن،تناور کردن،متجسم کردن،گوشت مند کردن،مجسم کردن،حلول کردن a man who incarnates our highest hopes مردی که تجسمی از رفیع‌ترین امیدهای ما می‌باشد. ● دیسمند کردن،شکل دار کردن،واقعیت دادن به،عینیت دادن to incarnate political ideas in governmental organizations متجلی کردن اندیشه‌های سیاسی در قالب سازمان‌های دولتی ● مظهر (چیزی) بودن،نماد بودن to incarnate the frontier spirit نماد روح مرزنشینی بودن ● تن‌مند،تندار،گوشت مند ● نمونه‌ی چیزی،مظهر،پیدایه،تناور an incarnate spirit روح تناور evil incarnate بدی تن‌مند (متجسم) ● خون رنگ،گوشت فام،قرمز incarnate clover شبدر قرمز

Answer 118

to implement a reform eine Reform einführen to implement a plan ein Vorhaben in die Tat umsetzen to implement a policy of casual Friday einführen, dass im Büro freitags legere Kleidung getragen werden darf etw [auf etw Dat] implementieren to implement sth [on sth] Branchensoftware auf PC implementieren to implement software on PC verb 1 put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect. the regulations implement a 1954 treaty synonyms: execute , apply , put into effect , put into action , put into practice , carry out/through , perform , enact , fulfill , discharge , accomplish , bring about , achieve , realize , actualize , phase in , effectuate noun 1 a tool, utensil, or other piece of equipment, especially as used for a particular purpose. agricultural implements synonyms: tool , utensil , instrument , device , apparatus , gadget , contraption , appliance , machine , contrivance , gizmo , equipment , kit , tackle , accoutrements , paraphernalia noun tool, utensil, instrument, device, apparatus, gadget, contraption, appliance, machine, contrivance, gizmo, equipment, kit, tackle, accoutrements, paraphernalia verb execute, apply, put into effect, put into action, put into practice, carry out/through, perform, enact, fulfill, discharge, accomplish, bring about, achieve, realize, actualize, phase in, effectuate enforce, apply put through, follow up, go through, follow out, carry out, follow through Bedeutungen: [1a] etwas ausführen oder vervollständigen, insbesondere um einen praktischen Effekt zu geben und die aktuelle Erfüllung anhand von konkreten Messungen sicherzustellen. [1b] versehen, ausstatten oder erweitern von etwas mit Instrumenten (Werkzeugen), Meinungen oder Ausdrücken. [2] EDV, Informatik: eine Erweiterung oder Unterprogramm in ein bestehendes Programm einfügen, insbesondere um den Funktionsumfang des übergeordneten Programms zu erweitern. Herkunft: von englisch: implement → en „bewerkstelligen, durchführen“ entlehnt[1] Synonyme: [1] einführen, einsetzen, einbauen, einfügen, einbetten [2] umsetzen Beispiele: [1]:[2] Einen im Pseudocode allgemein formulierten Algorithmus in eine konkrete Programmiersprache implementieren. Wortbildungen: Implementierer, Implementierung

Answer 119

to correspond closely/roughly to sth etw Dat genau/ungefähr entsprechen his story didn't correspond with the witness' version seine Geschichte deckte sich nicht mit der Version des Zeugen correspond [korəˈspond] ♦ verb 1 (with to ) to be similar; to match: A bird's wing corresponds to the arm and hand in humans. مطابق بودن؛ شباهت داشتن 2 (with with ) to be in agreement with; to match. مطابقت داشتن؛ شبیه بودن 3 to communicate by letter (with): Do they often correspond (with each other)? مکاتبه کردن ˌcorreˈspondence ♦ noun 1 agreement; similarity or likeness. مشابهت؛ مطابقت 2 (communication by) letters: I must deal with that (big pile of) correspondence. نامه ها؛ مکاتبات ˌcorreˈspondent ♦ noun 1 a person with whom one exchanges letters: He has correspondents all over the world. مکاتبه کننده 2 a person who contributes news to a newspaper etc : He's foreign correspondent for `The Times'. گزارشگر؛ خبرنگار ˌcorreˈsponding ♦ adjective similar, matching: The rainfall this month is not as high as for the corresponding month last year. مشابه correspondence course a course of lessons by post: a correspondence course in accountancy. واحد مکاتبه ای /kôr´ǝ spänd´, kär´-/ vi. ● (با: to یا with) همخوان بودن،همخوانی داشتن،مطابق بودن با،مطابقت داشتن،هم‌زینه بودن،مشابه بودن با her views do not correspond with reality نظریات او با واقعیت همخوانی ندارد. the date of his death corresponds with my birthday تاریخ مرگ او با زادروز من مقارن است. the testimony of one of the witnesses did not correspond with the police report گواهی یکی از شهود با گزارش پلیس همخوان نبود (مطابقت نداشت). in birds, the wings correspond to arms در پرندگان بال‌ها به مثابه دست هستند. ● مکاتبه کردن،نامه رد و بدل کردن،نامه نویسی کردن the two lovers corresponded secretly عاشق و معشوق،پنهانی با هم مکاتبه می‌کردند. * corresponding, adj. قرینه،همخوان

Answer 120

efficient [iˈfiʃənt] ♦ adjective 1 (of a person) capable; skilful: a very efficient secretary. لایق؛ کارامد 2 (of an action, tool etc ) producing (quick and) satisfactory results: The new lawn mower is much more efficient than the old one. موثر؛ ثمربخش efˈficiently ♦ adverb . بطور موثر efˈficiency ♦ noun . کارآیی؛ بازده /e fish´ǝnt, i-; ē-, ǝ-/ adj. ● موثر،مفید،ثمربخش،مقرون به صرفه،سودبخش،اثربخش larger projects are usually less efficient طرح‌های بزرگتر معمولا اثربخشی کمتری دارد. ● پر بازده،بازده مند،دارای راندمان،کارا the most efficient way of producing electricity پر بازده ترین راه تولید برق ● لایق،باکفایت،کارآمد،چابک و پرکار an efficient typist ماشین‌نویس کارآمد efficient leistungsfähig efficient leistungsstark efficient effizient geh efficient person fähige [o. tüchtige] Person

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odd [od] ♦ adjective 1 unusual; strange: He's wearing very odd clothes; a very odd young man. عجیب و غریب 2 (of a number) that cannot be divided exactly by 2: 5 and 7 are odd (numbers). فرد 3 not one of a pair, set etc : an odd shoe. لنگه 4 occasional; free: at odd moments. گهگاهی؛ متفرقه ˈoddity– plural ˈoddities – ♦ noun a strange person or thing: He's a bit of an oddity. شخص یا چیز عجیب و غریب ˈoddly ♦ adverb strangely: He is behaving very oddly. بطور عجیب و غریب ˈoddment ♦ noun a piece left over from something: an oddment of material. باقیمانده odds ♦ noun plural 1 chances; probability: The odds are that he will win. احتمال 2 a difference in strength, in favour of one side: They are fighting against heavy odds. نابرابری؛ تفاوت odd jobs (usually small) jobs of various kinds, often done for other people: He's unemployed, but earns some money by doing odd jobs for old people. پادویی؛ خرده کاری odd job man a person employed to do such jobs. پادو؛ کسی که خرده کاری می کند be at odds to be quarrelling: He has been at odds with his brother for years. با کسی اختلاف داشتن make no odds to be unimportant: We haven't got much money, but that makes no odds. مهم نبودن oddly enough it is strange or remarkable (that): I saw John this morning. Oddly enough, I was just thinking I hadn't seen him for a long time. عجیب است که؛ جالب اینکه odd man out / odd one out 1 a person or thing that is different from others: In this test, you have to decide which of these three objects is the odd one out. شخص یا چیز غیر معمول 2 a person or thing that is left over when teams etc are made up: When they chose the two teams, I was the odd man out. شخص حذف شده odds and ends small objects etc of different kinds: There were various odds and ends lying about on the table. خرت و پرت what's the odds? it's not important; it doesn't matter: We didn't win the competition but what's the odds? چه اهمیتی دارد odd visitor vereinzelter Besucher/vereinzelte Besucherin the odd man out der Außenseiter what an odd coincidence! was für ein sonderbarer Zufall! to find sth odd etw komisch [o. merkwürdig] finden to look odd komisch aussehen even/odd parity gerade/ungerade Parität odd shoes/socks einzelne Schuhe/Socken odd [or rare] bird ugs seltener Vogel ugs an odd [or queer] fish ein komischer Kauz odd [or mismatched] socks zwei verschiedene Socken the odd one [or man] out das fünfte Rad am Wagen to score the odd goal hin und wieder einen Treffer landen road with odd number of lanes INFRASTR Straße mit ungerader Zahl von Fahrspuren she really is an odd customer sie ist schon wirklich eine seltsame Person these trains leave at odd times diese Züge haben ausgefallene Abfahrtszeiten I had the odd sensation that ... ich hatte das komische Gefühl, dass ... the odd thing about it is that ... das Komische daran ist, dass ... /äd/ adj. ● تا،تاق،لنگه an odd glove یک لنگه دستکش we found two pairs of boots and an odd shoe دو جفت پوتین و یک لنگه کفش پیدا کردیم. an odd sock یک لنگه جوراب (مردانه) ● ناقص (به ویژه یک سری کتاب یا مجله که چند جلد آن کم است)،نا جور a few odd volumes of Dickens چند جلد ناقص از سری کتاب‌های دیکنز ● فرد (در برابر: زوج)،تاق (در برابر: جفت)،تک،منفرد "seven" is an odd number but "eight" is an even number ((هفت)) یک عدد فرد ولی ((هشت)) یک عدد زوج است. the year's odd months ماه‌های فرد سال he came without his wife and so turned out to be the odd guest at the party او بدون زنش آمد و لذا در مهمانی وصله‌ی ناجوری شده بود. ● خرد،خرده،پول خرد،پول سیاه،اندی،خرده‌ای،کمی،چندی twenty dollars and some odd change بیست دلار و مقداری پول خرد thirty odd سی چهل تا،سی و چند،سی و اندی twenty-odd children بیست و چند تا بچه odd pieces of metal خرده ریزهای فلزی a book of 400-odd pages کتابی با چهار صد و خورده‌ای صفحه ● گهگاهی،اتفاقی،نا معین،گاه و بیگاه،جور واجور،متفرقه at odd moments در اوقات غیر معمولی،وقت و بی وقت he does odd repair jobs او کارهای مختلف تعمیراتی انجام می‌دهد. ● عجیب و غریب،غیر عادی،نا بهنجار،بیواره odd behavior رفتار عجیب و غریب she always wears odd clothes او همیشه لباس‌های غیرعادی می‌پوشد. it is very odd that she sent her children but didn't come herself خیلی عجیب است که بچه‌هایش را فرستاد ولی خودش نیامد. an odd collection of contemporary paintings مجموعه‌ی عجیب و غریبی از نقاشی‌های معاصر ● دور افتاده،خارج از دسترس in odd corners در گوشه و کنار ● رجوع شود به: odds * oddly enough عجیب است که،جالب اینکه،از عجایب است که

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even1 [iːvən] ♦ adjective 1 level; the same in height, amount etc : Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature. هموار؛ یکنواخت 2 smooth: Make the path more even. صاف؛ مسطح 3 regular: He has a strong, even pulse. یکنواخت 4 divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers. زوج 5 equal (in number, amount etc ): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now. مساوی 6 (of temperament etc ) calm: She has a very even temper. آرام ♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈevened – 1 to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score. برابر کردن 2 to make smooth or level. هموار کردن ˈevenly ♦ adverb . بطور مساوی یا صاف ˈevenness ♦ noun . مساوی بودن؛ همواری be/get even with to be revenged on: He tricked me, but I'll get even with him. تلافی کردن an even chance see chance even out 1 to become level or regular: The road rose steeply and then evened out; His pulse began to even out. تخت شدن؛ یکنواخت شدن 2 to make smooth: He raked the soil to even it out. هموار کردن 3 to make equal: If Jane would do some of Mary's typing, that would even the work out. بطور مساوی تقسیم شدن even up to make equal: John did better in the maths exam than Jim and that evened up their marks. متعادل کردن؛ برابر کردن • Even if I had wished to stop, I couldn't. حتی اگر می خواستم توقف کنم، نمی توانستم. • Even though I really want to know his name, I don't have enough courage, and I'm afraid to go ask. حتی با وجود آنکه واقعاً می خواهم نام او را بدانم، اما جرات کافی ندارم و می ترسم از او سوال کنم. • Even though it is raining, I don't care at all. هرچند بارونیه هوا ولی اصلا اهمیتی نمی دم. • Even without makeup, she's very cute. حتی بدون آرایش او بسیار بانمک است. • In reply, he didn't say even a word. او حتی یک کلمه هم پاسخ نداد. even if ... selbst [o. CH auch] wenn ... even so ... trotzdem ... even though ... selbst [o. CH auch] wenn ... even worse, ... was noch schlimmer ist, ... even with ... selbst mit ... even if selbst [dann,] wenn to even the score das Gleichgewicht wiederherstellen to even out sth etw ausgleichen even Jim was there selbst [o. sogar] Jim war da she wasn't even trying sie hat sich überhaupt keine Mühe gegeben not [even] faintly funny überhaupt nicht komisch an even row eine gerade Reihe an even bargain ein Schnäppchen an even contest ein ebenbürtiger Wettkampf an even page eine Seite mit gerader Zahl an even number eine gerade Zahl an even game ein ausgeglichenes Spiel honours are even Brit es herrscht Gleichstand an even surface eine glatte Oberfläche to break even kostendeckend arbeiten

Answer 123

presume [prəˈzjuːm] ♦ verb 1 to believe that something is true without proof; to take for granted: When I found the room empty, I presumed that you had gone home; `Has he gone?' `I presume so.' فرض کردن 2 to be bold enough (to act without the right, knowledge etc to do so): I wouldn't presume to advise someone as clever as you. جسارت کردن preˈsumably ♦ adverb I presume: She's not in her office – presumably she went home early. احتمالاً preˈsumption [-ˈzamp-] ♦ noun 1 something presumed: She married again, on the presumption that her first husband was dead. فرض 2 unsuitable boldness, eg in one's behaviour towards another person. پررویی preˈsumptuous [-ˈzamptjuəs, (American) -ˈzamptʃuəs] ♦ adjective impolitely bold. گستاخ preˈsumptuousness ♦ noun . گستاخی /prē zōōm´/ vt., vi. ● به خود اجازه دادن،جسارت کردن،پررویی کردن I did not presume to call her by her first name به خود اجازه ندادم او را به اسم کوچک صدا بزنم. why are you so late, if I may presume? اگر جسارت نباشد چرا این قدر دیر کرده‌اید؟ how can you presume to give me orders! چطور به خودت اجازه می‌دهی به من دستور بدهی‌! ● فرض کردن،انگاشتن،انگاردن،خیال کردن،تصور کردن،گمان کردن a village which was presumed to be under Vietcong control دهکده‌ای که تصور می‌شد تحت کنترل ویت‌کنگ‌ها باشد the accused is missing and presumed dead متهم مفقود شده است و احتمال می‌رود که مرده باشد. an individual is presumed innocent unless the opposite is proven هر فرد بی‌گناه فرض می‌شود مگر آنکه خلاف آن ثابت شود. if he dosen't show up, I'll presume he is not interested in buying the house اگر نیاید چنین خواهم انگاشت که به خرید خانه علاقه ندارد. ● دلالت کردن،حاکی بودن a signed invoice presumes receipt of goods بارنامه‌ی امضا شده نشانه‌ی دریافت کالا است. ● (با: on یا upon) محرز فرض کردن،(بیش از حد) روی چیزی حساب کردن to presume on someone's friendship زیادی روی دوستی کسی حساب کردن I presume so/not ich denke [o. glaube] ja/nein to presume to claim that ... sich Akk zu der Behauptung versteigen, dass ... to presume on sb's time jds Zeit in Anspruch nehmen you are Dr Smith, I presume? ich nehme an, Sie sind Dr. Smith? to presume on sb's good nature jds Gutmütigkeit ausnutzen she would never presume to question my authority sie würde sich nie anmaßen, meine Autorität in Frage zu stellen could I presume on your time for a moment? hätten Sie wohl einen Moment Zeit für mich? are we walking to the hotel? — I presume so laufen wir zum Hotel? — ich denke schon I don't wish to presume, but shouldn't you apologize to her? ich will ja nicht aufdringlich sein, aber solltest du dich nicht bei ihr entschuldigen? DAVID MALAN: OK, and presumably it is John Harvard would be to the left of this.

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decrease [diˈkriːs] ♦ verb to make or become less: Their numbers had decreased over the previous year. تقلیل یافتن؛ کم شدن [ˈdiːkriːs]noun a growing less: a decrease of fifty per cent; a gradual decrease in unemployment. کاهش؛ تقلیل /dē krēs´, dē´krēs´/ vi., vt. ● کاستن،کم شدن،کم کردن،کاهیدن،نقصان یافتن،ویدا شدن،تقلیل دادن یا یافتن his speed decreased از سرعت او کاسته شد. he decreased his speed او سرعت خود را کاست (کم کرد). prices have increased and incomes have decreased قیمت‌ها بالا رفته‌اند و درآمدها پایین آمده‌اند. ● کاهش،نقصان،تقلیل،کم شدگی،میزان کاهش a decrease in prices کاهش قیمت‌ها a population decrease تقلیل جمعیت * on the decrease روبه کاهش،در حال تقلیل،در حال نقصان is divorce on the decrease? آیا طلاق رو به کاهش است‌؟ significant decrease beachtlicher Rückgang substantial decrease deutlicher Rückgang population decrease Bevölkerungsschwund m a decrease in weight of person Gewichtsabnahme f to decrease prices/spending Ausgaben/Preise senken to decrease costs Kosten verringern [o. reduzieren] decrease in births Geburtenrückgang m to decrease production die Produktion drosseln decrease in price Preissenkung f steady increase/decrease stetige Zunahme/Abnahme to increase/decrease in size an Größe gewinnen/verlieren to increase/decrease the dosage die Dosis erhöhen/herabsetzen to increase/decrease the odds esp Am die Chancen erhöhen/verringern the value could decrease with time der Wert könnte mit der Zeit sinken

Answer 125

swop, swap [swop]– past tense, past participle swopped, ~swapped – ♦ verb to exchange one thing for another: He swopped his ball with another boy for a pistol; They swopped books with each other. مبادله كردن ♦ noun an exchange: a fair swop. مبادله [swäp] verb - swap عوض کردن: change, remodel, replace, swap, exchange, alter مبادله کردن: exchange, swap, interchange, chaffer, dicker, intercommunicate بیرون کردن: drive out, evict, eliminate, cashier, dispossess, swap جانشین کردن: substitute, swap, fill in swäp/ n., vt., vi. ● (عامیانه) ● تهاتر،پایاپای،تاخت زنی،معاوضه،چفته a swap of two ties معاوضه‌ی دو کراوات ● تاخت زدن،معاوضه کردن،پایاپای کردن،تهاتر کردن would you like to swap places with me? آیا میل داری جای خود را با جای من عوض کنی‌؟ we swapped (our) bicycles دو چرخه‌هایمان را تاخت زدیم. spy swap Austausch m von Spionen/Spioninnen exchange rate swap Wechselkurstauschgeschäft nt to swap stories sich Dat gegenseitig Geschichten erzählen to swap reminiscences Erinnerungen austauschen foreign exchange swap Devisen-Swapgeschäft nt to swap places with sb mit jdm Platz tauschen to do a swap [with sb] [mit jdm] tauschen [o. einen Tausch machen] to change [or swap] horses [in] midstream einen anderen Kurs einschlagen we both liked each other's jumpers, so we did a straight swap uns gefiel jeweils der Pullover des anderen und da haben wir einfach getauscht

Answer 126

US UK AU splash [splӕʃ] ♦ verb 1 to make wet with drops of liquid, mud etc, especially suddenly and accidentally: A passing car splashed my coat (with water). خيس كردن 2 to (cause to) fly about in drops: Water splashed everywhere. پاشيدن 3 to fall or move with splashes: The children were splashing in the sea. شلپ شلپ كردن 4 to display etc in a place, manner etc that will be noticed: Posters advertising the concert were splashed all over the wall. نمايش دادن ♦ noun 1 a scattering of drops of liquid or the noise made by this: He fell in with a loud splash. صداي شلپ شلپ 2 a mark made by splashing: There was a splash of mud on her dress. لكه 3 a bright patch: a splash of colour. لكه splash Platschen nt kein pl splash Platscher m he dived into the pool with a big splash es platschte, als er in den Pool sprang to make a splash Furore machen splash of colour Farbtupfer m a splash in the pool eine Runde im Becken to fall splash into sth in etw Akk hineinplatschen ugs to splash soda into a drink Sodawasser in ein Getränk spritzen to splash one's face with water sich Dat Wasser ins Gesicht spritzen to splash water all over sb jdn mit Wasser vollspritzen to splash out money on sth Geld für etw Akk hinauswerfen ugs splash a little paint on that wall klatsch etwas Farbe auf die Wand ugs a splash of brandy/rum/vodka ein Schuss m Weinbrand/Rum/Wodka he dived into the pool with a big splash es platschte, als er in den Pool sprang to add [a splash of] colour to the garden dem Garten ein wenig Farbe verleihen

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rare [ˈreə] ♦ adjective 1 not done, found, seen etc very often; uncommon: a rare flower; a rare occurrence. کمیاب؛ عالی؛ بی نظیر 2 (of meat) only slightly cooked: I like my steak rare. نیم پز ˈrareness ♦ noun . کمکیابی؛ ندرت ˈrarely ♦ adverb not often: I rarely go to bed before midnight. به ندرت ˈrarity ♦ noun 1 the state of being uncommon. کمیابی 2 (plural ˈrarities ) something which is uncommon: This stamp is quite a rarity. نادر؛ کمیاب • Some people keep rare animals as pets. برخی افراد، حیوانات کمیاب را بعنوان حیوان خانگی نگه می دارند. • A real friend is like a rare bird. یک دوست واقعی همانند پرنده ای کم نظیر است. rare air dünne Luft rare species of insect seltene Insektenart such beauty is rare solche [o. so viel] Schönheit ist selten a rare breed/species eine seltene Rasse/Spezies rare gas shell Edelgasschale f medium-rare steak englisches Steak odd [or rare] bird ugs seltener Vogel ugs to be that rare animal: ... zu der seltenen Spezies ... gehören to be a rare species eine Seltenheit sein collection of rare insect specimens Sammlung f seltener Insekten to be a rare bird ein komischer Vogel sein übtr ugs he likes his steak rare er isst sein Steak gern englisch contagious [or infectious]/rare/common disease ansteckende/seltene/häufige Krankheit people of her make are rare Leute wie sie [o. ugs ihrer Machart] sind selten to have a rare old time dated eine schöne Zeit verbringen vacancies were becoming more and many, much rare es gab immer weniger freie Stellen it's rare to find these birds in England diese Vögel findet man in England nur selten to have a rare old time doing sth dated viel Mühe haben, etw zu tun the panda is becoming an increasingly rare animal der Pandabär wird immer seltener shops of this type, once rare, are now numerous solche Läden gab es früher kaum und heute findet man sie fast überall

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curfew [ˈkəːfjuː] ♦ noun an order forbidding people to be in the streets after a certain hour: There's a curfew in force from ten o'clock tonight. منع عبور و مرور ku_r´fyōō´/ n. ● (در اصل - قرون وسطی - نواختن زنگ به نشان آن که باید چراغ‌ها و آتش‌ها را خاموش کرد و خوابید) خاموشی،قرق،زنگ خاموشی،ناقوس خاموشی،هنگام خاموشی،زمان آغاز خاموشی ● (در شهرها به ویژه هنگام جنگ یا حکومت نظامی - در سربازخانه‌ها و برخی خوابگاه‌ها) محدودیت آمد و رفت،ساعت منع عبور و مرور،خاموش‌باش،خاموشی،(سربازخانه) شیپور خاموشی the curfew will begin at eleven P.M. and end at five A.M. خاموش‌باش ساعت یازده شب آغاز و ساعت پنج بامداد برداشته می‌شود. (Gray) the curfew tolls the knell of parting day خاموش‌باش،ناقوس مرگ روز را به صدا درمی‌آورد. * curfew period ساعت خاموش باش * impose (or lift) a curfew خاموش‌باش اعلام کردن (یا رفع کردن) strict curfew strenge Ausgangssperre to break the curfew sich Akk nicht an die Ausgangssperre halten what time is the curfew? wann ist Sperrstunde? to impose [or enforce]/lift [or end] a curfew eine Ausgangssperre verhängen/aufheben violators of the curfew will be shot wer sich nicht an die Ausgangssperre hält, wird erschossen

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resume [rəˈzjuːm] ♦ verb to begin again after stopping: After tea, the meeting resumed; We'll resume the meeting after tea. دوباره باز گرفتن؛ دوباره به دست آوردن resumption [rəˈzampʃən] ♦ noun /ri zōōm´, -zyōōm´/ vi., vt. ● بازگرفتن،دوباره به دست‌آوردن،دوباره اشغال کردن،دوباره پوشیدن she resumed her former job شغل سابق خود را دوباره بدست آورد. we resumed our overcoats پالتوهای خود را دوباره پوشیدیم. to resume one's seat صندلی خود را دوباره اشغال کردن ● ادامه دادن،از سر گرفتن،دنبال کردن،از نو آغاز کردن please resume reading لطفا به خواندن ادامه بدهید. Arianne sat down and resumed her work آرین نشست و کار خود را دنبال کرد. after a short rest, we resumed our trip پس از کمی استراحت به سفر خود ادامه دادیم. ● خ to resume a journey eine Reise fortsetzen to resume one's seat sich Akk wieder auf seinen Platz begeben to resume work die Arbeit wieder aufnehmen to enter into/resume talks Gespräche [o. Verhandlungen] aufnehmen/wieder aufnehmen to give [sb] a résumé of sth etw [für jdn] zusammenfassen .

Answer 130

express command ausdrücklicher Befehl express warranty HANDEL ausdrücklich erklärte Garantie by express per Eilboten BRD, A express instructions klare Anweisungen to express a preference sagen, was man [lieber] mag to express one's thanks seinen Dank zum Ausdruck bringen geh to express sth figuratively etw bildlich ausdrücken to express a wish einen Wunsch äußern express [ikˈspres] ♦ verb 1 to put into words: He expressed his ideas very clearly. بیان کردن 2 (with oneself etc ) to put one's own thoughts into words: You haven't expressed yourself clearly. نظر خود را ابراز کردن؛ بیان کردن 3 to show (thoughts, feelings etc ) by looks, actions etc : She nodded to express her agreement. نشان دادن 4 to send by fast (postal) delivery: Will you express this letter, please? فوری رساندن ♦ adjective 1 travelling, carrying goods etc , especially fast: an express train; express delivery. سریع السیر 2 clearly stated: You have disobeyed my express wishes. صریح؛ روشن ♦ adverb by express train or fast delivery service: Send your letter express. فوری؛ اکسپرس ♦ noun 1 an express train: the London to Cardiff express. قطار سریع السیر 2 the service provided eg by the post office for carrying goods etc quickly: The parcel was sent by express. پست فوری exˈpressly ♦ adverb in clear, definite words: I expressly forbade you to do that. بطور صریح و آشکار exˈpression [-ʃən] ♦ noun 1 a look on one's face that shows one's feelings: He always has a bored expression on his face. قیافه؛ حالت 2 a word or phrase: `Dough' is a slang expression for `money`. اصطلاح؛ عبارت 3 (a) showing of thoughts or feelings by words, actions etc : This poem is an expression of his grief. بیانگر؛ گویا 4 the showing of feeling when eg reciting, reading aloud or playing a musical instrument: Put more expression into your playing! شور و حال exˈpressionless ♦ adjective (of a face or voice) showing no feeling: a cold, expressionless tone. بی حالت؛ بی احساس exˈpressive [-siv] ♦ adjective showing meaning or feeling clearly: She has an expressive look on her face. معنی دار؛ گویا exˈpressiveness ♦ noun . بیانگری؛ پر معنایی exˈpressively ♦ adverb . بطور پر معنا exˈpressway ♦ noun a divided highway; a motorway. بزرگراه؛ تندراه

Answer 131

to merge two classes SCHULE zwei Klassen zusammenlegen to merge two business divisions zwei Geschäftsbereiche zusammenführen to merge two companies/organizations zwei Firmen/Organisationen zusammenschließen to merge into the landscape/surroundings sich Akk in die Landschaft/Umgebung einfügen merge [məːdʒ] ♦ verb 1 to (cause to) combine or join: The sea and sky appear to merge at the horizon. ادغام شدن 2 (with into ) to change gradually into something else: Summer slowly merged into autumn. غرق شدن 3 (with into etc ) to disappear into (eg a crowd, back-ground etc ): He merged into the crowd. فرو رفتن ˈmerger ♦ noun a joining together of business firms: There's been a merger between two companies. ادغام چند شرکت /mu_rj/ vi., vt. ● (از راه گوارش یا درهم آمیزی یا جذب ماهیت خود را از دست دادن) درهم آمیختن،هم‌پیوست کردن یا شدن،مستحیل کردن یا شدن the two colors merged and became dark green آن دو رنگ درهم آمیختند و تبدیل به سبز پررنگ شدند. ● به هم پیوستن،درهم ادغام شدن،یک کاسه کردن یا شدن،یکپارچه کردن یا شدن they plan to merge their companies آنان در نظر دارند شرکت‌های خود را ادغام کنند. two streams of traffic merged to form a gigantic "y" دو رشته وسایط نقلیه‌به هم پیوستند و "y" غول‌آسایی را تشکیل دادند

Answer 132

to murmur sth dozily etw halb im Schlaf murmeln a murmur of discontent ein unzufriedenes Raunen a murmur of agreement ein zustimmendes Raunen without a murmur ohne Murren [o. zu murren] to raise a cheer/a laugh/a murmur Jubel/Gelächter/Gemurmel hervorrufen murmur [ˈməːmə] ♦ noun a quiet, indistinct sound, eg that of running water or low voices: the murmur of the sea; There was a low murmur among the crowd. سخن نرم ♦ verb to make such a sound: The child murmured (something) in his sleep. زمزمه کردن ˈmurmuring ♦ adjective . زمزمه /mu_r´mǝr/ n., vi., vt. ● زمزمه،صدای آرام و خوشایند (مانند صدای جویبار یا صحبت از دور) if a teacher's lessons are murmurs of affection... درس معلم ار بود زمزمه‌ی محبتی ... the murmur of the distant brook was like a lullaby زمزمه‌ی جویبار دور دست شبیه به لالایی بود. ● زمزمه کردن before he died, he kept murmuring his lost daughter's name پیش از مرگ مرتبا نام دختر گمشده‌اش را زمزمه می‌کرد. ● شکایت زیرلبی،غرولند،شکوه he went, but not without a murmur او رفت ولی نه بدون غرولند. ● (پزشکی) مورمور،سوفل قلبی ● غرولند کردن،زیرلبی شکایت کردن،ژکیدن،ونگ ونگ کردن ● پچ پچ کنان گفتن،زمزمه وار ادا کردن،زیرلبی گفتن to murmur a prayer دعایی را زمزمه کردن

Answer 133

to shrink dramatically übtr drastisch zusammenschrumpfen [o. sinken] to shrink costs die Kosten senken to shrink-wrap food Nahrungsmittel in Frischhaltefolie einpacken to shrink from a difficulty einer Schwierigkeit aus dem Weg gehen to shrink-wrap a book ein Buch in Folie einschweißen shrink1 [ʃriŋk]– past tense shrank [ʃrӕŋk]: past participle shrunk [ʃraŋk] ♦ verb 1 to (cause material, clothes etc to) become smaller: My jersey shrank in the wash; Do they shrink the material before they make it up into clothes? كوچك شدن 2 to move back in fear, disgust etc (from): She shrank (back) from the man. اكراه داشتن 3 to wish to avoid something unpleasant: I shrank from telling him the terrible news. بي ميلي نشان دادن ˈshrinkage [-kidʒ] ♦ noun the act of shrinking, or the amount by which something shrinks. انقباض shrunken [ˈʃraŋk(ən)] ♦ adjective having been made or become smaller. چروك خورده /shriŋk/ n., vi., vt. ● (پارچه و لباس و غیره) آب رفتن،کوچک شدن،(کاشی) ورچلسکیدن if you wash these trousers they will shrink اگر این شلوار را بشوری آب خواهد رفت. when one gets old one's body shrinks آدم که پیر شد جثه‌اش کوچک می‌شود. ● (مقدار یا ارزش و غیره) کاهش یافتن،نقصان یافتن،کم شدن shrinking incomes درآمدهای در حال نقصان the company's sales have shrunken فروش شرکت کاهش یافته است. ● ابا داشتن،خودداری کردن،عقب کشیدن،دور شدن he doesn't even shrink from hurting his own children او حتی از آزار دادن فرزندان خودش ابا ندارد. when she saw his angry face, she shrank from him وقتی چهره‌ی خشمناک او را دید از او دور شد. ● مضایقه کردن،کوتاهی کردن to shrink from doing one's duty در انجام وظیفه‌ی خود قصور کردن ● آب رفتگی،کوچک شدگی،کاهش ● (امریکا - خودمانی) روانپزشک

Answer 134

deliberate [diˈlibərət] ♦ adjective 1 intentional and not by accident: That was a deliberate insult. عمدی؛ تعمدی 2 cautious and not hurried: He had a very deliberate way of walking. سنجیده؛ بی شتاب deˈliberately [-rət-] ♦ adverb 1 on purpose: You did that deliberately! عمداً 2 carefully and without hurrying: He spoke quietly and deliberately. سنجیده؛ بطور آرام /di lib´ǝr it/ adj., vi., vt. ● عمدی،از روی تعمد،خود خواسته،عمدا،آگاهانه a deliberate lie دروغ عمدی she deliberately left the door open او عمدا در را باز گذاشت. his tardiness was deliberate دیر آمدن او تعمدی بود. ● (بادقت و سنجش جوانب) سنجیده،آگاهانه،ژرفنگرانه،حساب شده،دقیق the speaker chose his words slowly and deliberately ناطق واژه‌های خود را با آهستگی و دقت انتخاب می‌کرد. with deliberate haste با شتاب حساب شده he took deliberate aim او با دقت نشانه گرفت. ● بی‌شتاب،باتانی،ناشتاب ● (با دقت و سنجیدن جوانب) مورد ملاحظه قرار دادن،تعمق کردن،ژرفنگری کردن،ژرف‌اندیشی کردن،مداقه کردن،ژرف روی کردن the judge deliberated for two hours and then gave his verdict قاضی دو ساعت تعمق کرد و سپس رای خود را صادر نمود. * deliberately, adv. 1- عمدا،آگاهانه،تعمدا،خودخواسته 2- با دقت و تانی،ژرفنگرانه،ژرف اندیشانه a deliberate movement eine vorsichtige [o. bedächtige] Bewegung it wasn't deliberate es war keine Absicht a deliberate decision eine bewusste Entscheidung to deliberate on a case über einen Fall beraten the Sun's headline was a deliberate shocker die Schlagzeile der Sun sollte schockieren such deliberate destruction of the environment is an obscenity so eine bewusste Zerstörung der Umwelt ist pervers to do/say sth deliberately etw in voller Absicht tun/sagen

Answer 135

anticipate [ӕnˈtisəpeit] ♦ verb 1 to expect (something): I'm not anticipating any trouble. انتظار داشتن 2 to see what is going to be wanted, required etc in the future and do what is necessary: A businessman must try to anticipate what his customers will want. پیش بینی کردن anˌticiˈpation ♦ noun I'm looking forward to the concert with anticipation (= expectancy, excitement). انتظار؛ چشم به راهی an tis´ǝ pāt´/ vi., vt. ● پیش بینی کردن،انتظار داشتن I anticipate a pleasant trip سفر خوشی را پیش بینی می‌کنم. anticipating her request, I prepared the tea in advance خواسته‌ی او را پیش بینی نموده و چای را از پیش آماده کردم. ● (موعد چیزی را) پیش انداختن،تسریع کردن ● پیشگیری کردن،پیشدستی کردن to anticipate an opponent's blows ضربه‌های حریف را پیشگیری کردن ● تقدم داشتن بر،جلو بودن did the Vikings anticipate Columbus in discovering America? آیا وایکینگ‌ها در کشف امریکا بر (کریستوف) کلمب تقدم داشتند؟ ● (قبل از موعد) مورد استفاده قرار دادن،پیش خور کردن they tried to anticipate the legacy آنها کوشیدند ارث را پیشخور کنند. ● (قبل از موعد) پرداختن،(پیش از وقت درباره‌ی چیزی) حرف زدن یا اقدام کردن ● پیشگرایی،چشمداشت،پیش نگرش

Answer 136

to omit a dividend BÖRSE eine Dividende ausfallen lassen to pass [or Am omit] the dividend keine Dividende ausschütten to omit any mention of [or reference to] sb/sth jdn/etw nicht [o. mit keinem Wort] erwähnen omit [əˈmit]– past tense, past participle oˈmitted – ♦ verb 1 to leave out: You can omit the last chapter of the book. حذف کردن 2 not to do: I omitted to tell him about the meeting. انجام ندادن؛ از قلم انداختن oˈmission [-ʃən] ♦ noun 1 something that has been left out: I have made several omissions in the list of names. از قلم افتادگی 2 the act of omitting: the omission of his name from the list. حذف omitted and omitting have two t s. adjective failed to include something, skipped over omit verb [o·mit || ə'mɪt] delete; skip over; neglect; fail to include

Answer 137

to distil sth etw destillieren noun - distillation تقطیر: distillation عرقکشی: distillation شیرهکشی: distillation عصارهگیری: extraction, decoction, distillation distillation tail Rückstände pl distillation process Destillationsverfahren nt distillation front Vorlauf m

Answer 138

decent [ˈdiːsnt] ♦ adjective 1 fairly good; of fairly good quality: a decent standard of living. مناسب؛ شایسته 2 kindly, tolerant or likeable: He's a decent enough fellow. آراسته؛ محجوب 3 not vulgar or immoral; modest: Keep your language decent! مودبانه ˈdecency ♦ noun (the general idea of) what is proper, fitting, moral etc ; the quality or act of being decent: In the interests of decency, we have banned nude bathing; He had the decency to admit that it was his fault. شایستگی؛ بزرگواری ˈdecently ♦ adverb in a manner acceptable to the general idea of adj. ● درخور،شایسته،مناسب decent burial ceremonies مراسم تدفین شایسته ● نجیبانه،نجابت‌آمیز،پاکنهاد،فرامایه،مودبانه،با معرفت،با نزاکت،به قاعده decent language کلمات نزاکت‌آمیز the decent thing to do is to marry the pregnant girl کار درست این است که با دختر آبستن ازدواج بکنی. ● آبرومند(انه)،محترمانه،با بزرگواری decent treatment رفتار محترمانه he is a decent man او مرد نجیبی است. ● خوب،معقولانه decent wages مزد کافی his English is relatively decent انگلیسی او نسبتا خوب است. ● (عامیانه) پوشیده،با حجاب،با عفت take off those short pants and wear something more decent آن شلوار کوتاه را دربیار و یک چیز مناسب‌تر بپوش‌! * decently, adv. با نجابت،به طور شایسته،به طور مناسب،آبرومندانه ˈdēsənt] adjective - decent نجیب: noble, decent, gentle, nice, genteel, meek محجوب: unobtrusive, diffident, shy, decent, timid, bashful اراسته: spruce, decent, brisk, decorous, natty, politic پاک بین: benevolent, decent

Answer 139

nod [nod]– past tense, past participle ˈnodded – ♦ verb 1 to make a quick forward and downward movement of the head to show agreement, as a greeting etc : I asked him if he agreed and he nodded (his head); He nodded to the man as he passed him in the street. تکاندادن سر بعلامت توافق 2 to let the head fall forward and downward when sleepy: Grandmother sat nodding by the fire. تکان خوردن سر هنگام خواب ♦ noun a nodding movement of the head: He answered with a nod. حرکت سر nod off to fall asleep: He nodded off while she was speaking to him. به خواب رفتن verb - nod با سر اشاره کردن: nod سرتکان دادن: nod, beck, bow affirmative nod zustimmendes Nicken to nod one's head mit dem Kopf nicken to nod one's assent zustimmend nicken to get the nod grünes Licht bekommen to nod [one's] approval billigend [o. CH meist zustimmend] nicken a nod of approval ein zustimmendes Nicken on the nod Brit ugs stillschweigend to give sb a nod jdm zunicken

Answer 140

/kǝn spir´ǝ sē/ n., pl. ● تبانی،توطئه،همدستی (در کارهای بد)،دسیسه their conspiracy was discovered early on توطئه‌ی آنها زود کشف شد. ● نقشه‌ی سری the communist conspiracy to subvert the government نقشه‌ی کمونیست‌ها برای سرنگون کردن دولت ● تبانی‌گران،توطئه‌گران ● تقارن،همایند the conspiracy of events همزمانی رویدادها AU [kənˈspirəsē] noun - conspiracy توطئه: plot, conspiracy, shift, underplot, frame-up دسیسه: conspiracy, plot, machination, complot, trafficker, frame-up نقشه خیانت امیز: conspiracy criminal conspiracy illegale Verschwörung conspiracy to defraud JUR Verabredung f zum Betrug fachspr conspiracy to murder Mordkomplott nt he was sucked into a conspiracy er wurde in eine Verschwörung hineingezogen an indictment for conspiracy/on charges of attempted murder eine Anklage wegen Verschwörung/wegen versuchten Mordes there is a conspiracy of silence about sth [über etw Akk ] herrscht verabredetes Stillschweigen there was a conspiracy to keep me out of the group es gab eine Verschwörung, mich aus der Gruppe rauszuhalten

Answer 141

environment [inˈvaiərənmənt] ♦ noun (a set of) surrounding conditions, especially those influencing development or growth: An unhappy home environment may drive a teenager to crime; We should protect the environment from destruction by modern chemicals etc. محیط enˌvironˈmental [-ˈmen-] ♦ adjective . محیطی؛ وابسته به محیط environˈmentalist ♦ noun a person who wants to stop the damage being done to the environment by humans. طرفدار حفظ محیط زیست • Write about the relationship between the artificial environment and the natural environment. در باره‌ی رابطه‌ی بین محیط مصنوعی و محیط طبیعی بنویسید. • Birds are indicators of the environment. If they are in trouble, we know we'll soon be in trouble. (Roger Tory Peterson) پرنده ها شاخص های محیط زیست هستند. اگر آنها با معضل مواجه شوند، می دانیم که ما نیز به زودی معضل خواهیم داشت.( روجر توری پترسون) en vī´rǝn mǝnt, in-/ n. ● بوم،محیط،پرگیر going from a farm to a city environment had scared her رفتن از روستا به محیط شهری او را دچار ترس کرده بود. ● زیست بوم،محیط زیست،زیست پرگیر we must safeguard the environment می‌بایستی زیست بوم را نیک‌داری کنیم. * environmental, adj. 1- زیست بومی،زیست noun - environment محیط: environment, surroundings, setting, perimeter, circumference, ambience اطراف: environs, environment, milieu احاطه: surround, siege, cincture, environment, envelopment پرگیر: environment دوروبر: environment, environs, milieu working environment Arbeitsumfeld nt professional environment berufliches Umfeld family environment familiäre Verhältnisse home environment häusliche Verhältnisse hostile environment TECH aggressive Umgebung polluted environment verschmutzte Umwelt aqueous environment Feuchtbiotop nt competitive environment Wettbewerbsumfeld nt sterile environment sterile Umgebung pro-environment umweltfreundlich to safeguard the environment die Umwelt schützen to kill the environment die Umwelt zerstören to preserve the environment die Umwelt schützen heredity and environment Vererbung f und Sozialisierung f hostile work environment ungünstige Arbeitsbedingungen germ-free environment sterile Umgebung acclimatization to a new environment Eingewöhnung f in eine neue Umgebung acclimation to a new environment Eingewöhnung f in eine neue Umgebung

Answer 142

sue [suː] ♦ verb 1 to start a law case against. تعقيب قانوني كردن 2 (with for : especially in law) to ask for (eg divorce). درخواست دادن sue [suː] ♦ verb 1 to start a law case against. تعقيب قانوني كردن 2 (with for : especially in law) to ask for (eg divorce). درخواست دادن /sōō/ vi., vt. ● (حقوق) اقامه‌ی دعوی کردن،(از دست کسی) عارض شدن،(به دادگاه) شکایت کردن،به محاکمه کشاندن،به دادگاه مراجعه کردن to sue for divorce برای طلاق به دادگاه مراجعه کردن he has sued his neighbor از دست همسایه‌اش عارض شده است. to sue for damages برای خسارت به دادگاه شکایت کردن ● در خواست کردن،تمنا کردن،استدعا کردن،خواستار بودن to sue for peace درخواست صلح کردن to sue for forgiveness استدعای بخشش کردن ● (قدیمی) خواستگاری کردن * sue out از دادگاه حکم گرفتن • Sue is an American student. سو یک دانشجوی آمریکائی است. • Sue will meet the Browns. سو با خانواده برون ملاقات خواهد کرد. • I will sue you. ازت شکایت می کنم verb - sue تعقیب کردن: pursue, chase, follow, chevy, sue, chivvy تقاضا کردن: request, demand, adjure, beseech, bone, sue تعقیب قانونی کردن: litigate, indict, law, prosecute, sue دعوی کردن: pretend, quarrel, sue

Answer 143

pursue [pəˈsjuː] ♦ verb 1 to follow especially in order to catch or capture; to chase: They pursued the thief through the town. تعقیب کردن 2 to occupy oneself with (studies, enquiries etc ); to continue: He is pursuing his studies at the University. دنبال کردن purˈsuer ♦ noun . تعقیب کننده pursuit [pəˈsjuːt] ♦ noun 1 the act of pursuing: The thief ran down the street with a policeman in (hot) pursuit. تعقیب 2 an occupation or hobby: holiday pursuits. سرگرمی؛ کار و بار /pǝr sōō´, -syōō´/ vt., vi. ● تعقیب کردن،دنبال رفتن،پیگرد کردن،رد (کسی) رفتن،دنبال کسی گذاشتن the police pursued and captured the motorcyclists پلیس موتور سیکلت سواران را تعقیب و دستگیر کرد. the cat pursued the mouse گربه موش را تعقیب کرد. ● پیگیری کردن،دنبال کردن،در پی چیزی بودن،ادامه دادن Mehran did not know what profession to pursue مهران نمی‌دانست دنبال چه حرفه‌ای برود. some people pursue only spiritual goals برخی مردم فقط در پی هدف‌های معنوی هستند. to pursue success دنبال موفقیت بودن ● پاپی شدن،رها نکردن،ول نکردن he was pursued by bad luck بخت بد او را رها نمی‌کرد.

Answer 144

grant [graːnt] ♦ verb 1 to agree to, to give: Would you grant me one favour; He granted the man permission to leave. اهدا کردن؛ برآوردن 2 to agree or admit: I grant (you) that it was a stupid thing to do. تصدیق کردن ♦ noun money given for a particular purpose: He was awarded a grant for studying abroad. بورس ˈgranted, *ˈgranting (even) if; assuming: Granted that you are right, we will have to move fast. فرض کنیم که take for granted 1 to assume without checking: I took it for granted that you had heard the story. فرض کردن 2 to treat casually: People take electricity for granted until their supply is cut off. قدر چیزی را ندانستن grant [graːnt] ♦ verb 1 to agree to, to give: Would you grant me one favour; He granted the man permission to leave. اهدا کردن؛ برآوردن 2 to agree or admit: I grant (you) that it was a stupid thing to do. تصدیق کردن ♦ noun money given for a particular purpose: He was awarded a grant for studying abroad. بورس ˈgranted, *ˈgranting (even) if; assuming: Granted that you are right, we will have to move fast. فرض کنیم که take for granted 1 to assume without checking: I took it for granted that you had heard the story. فرض کردن 2 to treat casually: People take electricity for granted until their supply is cut off. قدر چیزی را ندانستن grant, gränt/ vt., n. ● اهدا کردن،عطاکردن،اعطاکردن،دادن،بخشیدن به،برآوردن،واگذار کردن،هبه کردن،مستجاب کردن he was granted a week's leave of absence به او یک هفته مرخصی دادند. her wish was granted آرزویش برآورده شد. to grant a friend his wish خواهش یک دوست را اجابت کردن to grant a loan to an applicant به درخواست کننده وام دادن the granting of diplomas اعطای دانشنامه‌ها ● اعطا،اهدا،بخشش،دهش،هدیه،دهشت the hospital received a $ 5000 grant بیمارستان 5 هزار دلار اهدایی را دریافت کرد. ● اذعان کردن،قبول کردن (در بحث)،پذیرفتن،تصدیق کردن I grant your first point but not your second نکته‌ی اول شما را قبول دارم ولی دومی را نه. ● ملک یا مبلغ یا چیز اهدا شده،عطیه،(به ویژه) بورس،کمک هزینه‌ی تحصیلی student grant کمک هزینه (پول اهدایی به دانشجو) ● (آمریکا - در ایالات مین و ورمانت و نیوهامپشایر) بخش،ناحیه ● (زمین) واگذاری ● اقطاع * granted (that) گیرم،فرض کنیم * granting that گیرم که،فرض کنیم که،حتی اگر granting that you are right... به فرض که حق با شما باشد. ... * to take for granted اثبات شده،فرض کردن،پذیرفتن،عادی فرض کردن،مسلم پنداشتن،قدر چیزی را ندانستن،بی اهمیت پنداشتن don't take my friendship for granted! دوستی مرا مسلم نپندار! government grant staatliche Beihilfe [government] grant ≈ Bafög nt BRD student grant Stipendium nt overseas grant Entwicklungshilfe f maternity grant Brit Mutterschaftsgeld nt federal grant Bundesbeihilfe f research grant Forschungsstipendium nt to grant a divorce in eine Scheidung einwilligen research and development grant (for institutes, scientists) A a. Subvention f grant from local government Zuschüsse mpl der Stadt to grant compassionate leave Sonderurlaub bewilligen to grant sb probate jdm einen Erbschein ausstellen to grant bail die Freilassung gegen Kaution gewähren local authority grant kommunaler Zuschuss

Answer 145

to regret sth etw bedauern much to my regret zu meinem großen Bedauern a twinge of regret ein leises Bedauern much to sb's regret sehr zu jds Bedauern a pang of regret ein Anflug m von Reue to deeply regret sth etw sehr bereuen to greatly regret sth etw zutiefst bedauern tinged with admiration/regret mit einer Spur von Bewunderung/Bedauern with deep regret mit großem Bedauern my only regret is that ... das Einzige, was ich bedaure, ist, dass ... come Monday morning you'll regret ... Montagmorgen wirst du es bereuen, dass ... a token of sb's regret ein Zeichen nt des Bedauerns to live to regret sth etw noch bereuen werden do that and you'll regret it wenn du das tust, wirst du es bereuen we regret any inconvenience to passengers die Passagiere werden um Verständnis gebeten to express regret at [or for] sth seinem Bedauern über etw Akk Ausdruck verleihen to have [or feel] a pang of regret Reue empfinden a wry look, something between amusement and regret ein scheeler Blick, irgendwas zwischen Belustigung und Bedauern I regret to have to inform you that ... leider muss ich Ihnen mitteilen, dass ... we regret to have to inform you that ... wir bedauern, Ihnen mitteilen zu müssen, dass regret [rəˈgret]– past tense, past participle reˈgretted – ♦ verb to be sorry about: I regret my foolish behaviour; I regret that I missed the concert; I regret missing the concert; I regret to inform you that your application for the job was unsuccessful. تاسف خوردن ♦ noun a feeling of sorrow, or of having done something wrong: I have no regrets / I feel no regret about what I did; It was with deep regret that I heard the news of his death. پشیمانی؛ افسوس reˈgretful ♦ adjective feeling regret. متاسف؛ پشیمان reˈgretfully ♦ adverb with regret: Regretfully, we have had to turn down your offer. با تاسف reˈgrettable ♦ adjective a regrettable mistake. تاسف آور reˈgrettably ♦ adverb . به طور تاسف انگیز؛ متاسفاه regrettable is spelt with two t s. /ri gret´/ vt. ● تاسف خوردن،متاسف بودن،افسوس خوردن،دریغ خوردن،دریغیدن،دژمانیدن،دژوانیدن to regret the passing of one's youth از گذشتن جوانی خود افسوس خوردن she regrets her mistake او از اشتباه خود متاسف است. I regret that I can't go افسوس می‌خورم که نمی‌توانم بروم. ● پشیمان شدن if you buy this house, you'll regret it اگر این خانه را بخری پشیمان خواهی شد. ● افسوس،دریغ،تاسف،دژمان a keen regret for past mistakes افسوس زیاد برای لغزش‌های گذشته ● پشیمانی،ندامت * (one's) regrets پوزش،مراتب تاسف،اظهار پشیمانی please accept my regrets خواهشمندم پوزش مرا بپذیرید. [riˈgret] noun - regret پشیمانی: regret, repentance, remorse, contrition, compunction, penance تاسف: regret, ruth افسوس: regret, pity, remorse تاثر: regret, sorrow verb - regret افسوس خوردن: regret, bemoan, rue, sigh حسرت بردن: regret

Answer 146

queasy [ˈkwiːzi] ♦ adjective feeling as if one is about to be sick: The motion of the boat made her feel queasy. دچار تهوع /kwē´zē/ adj. ● تهوع‌آور،استفراغ آور،هراش‌انگیز the queasy motion of the waves حرکت تهوع‌آور امواج ● دچار تهوع،دچار دل به هم خوردگی،هراشیده the jolts of the bus made me queasy تکان‌های اتوبوس حال مرا به هم زد. a queasy stomach شکم منقلب ● آدمی که زود دلش به هم می‌خورد یا دچار تهوع می‌شود،زود هراش (squeamish هم می‌گویند)،(مجازی) زود بیزار،بیزار،زده how queasy we become when a mean person claims to be good چقدر بیزار می‌شویم وقتی که آدم بدجنسی ادعای نیکی می‌کند. ● ناراحت کننده،دلهره آفرین

Answer 147

hallucinogenic halluzinogen fachspr [1] Pharmakologie: Substanz, die Sinnestäuschungen hervorruft

Answer 148

establish [iˈstӕbliʃ] ♦ verb 1 to settle firmly in a position (eg a job, business etc ): He established himself (in business) as a jeweller. جا انداختن؛ ریشه دار کردن 2 to found; to set up (eg a university, a business): How long has the firm been established? تاسیس کردن 3 to show to be true; to prove: The police established that he was guilty. ثابت کردن eˈstablished ♦ adjective settled or accepted: established customs. پایدار؛ رسمی eˈstablishment ♦ noun 1 the act of establishing. استقرار؛ تاسیس 2 an institution or organization: All employees of this establishment get a bonus at New Year. موسسه؛ دستگاه 3 a person's residence or household: a bachelor's establishment. مغازه؛ دکان the Establishment the people and institutions that control power or are dominant in a society and stick to traditions; one of these institutions: The hippies rebelled against the Establishment; the political/literary establishment. دستگاه دولت و سردمداران /e stab´lish, i-/ vt. ● برقرار کردن،مستقر کردن،پابرجا کردن،جایگزین کردن to establish a habit عادتی را جایگزین کردن to establish a statue firmly in its place مجسمه را محکم در جای خود مستقر کردن the family established itself in a large house خانواده در منزل بزرگی مستقر شد. ● (قانون یا نظامنامه و غیره) مقرر کردن،راستاد کردن،وضع کردن،قایل شدن a congressional bill establishing duties on many imports لایحه‌ی کنگره که برای بسیاری از واردات مالیات مقرر می‌کند an act establishing limits on immigration مصوبه‌ای که برای مهاجرت محدودیت قایل می‌شود ● بنیاد نهادن،پایه گذاری کردن،تاسیس کردن،بنا نهادن،پی افکندن my father established a school in Niasar پدرم مدرسه‌ای در نیاسر تاسیس کرد. the College of Translation was also established by him مدرسه‌ی عالی ترجمه هم توسط او پایه گذاری شد. ● ایجاد کردن،به وجود آوردن efforts to establish a friendship کوشش برای ایجاد مودت ● (شهرت یا نظریه یا رسم و غیره) به ثبوت رساندن،محقق کردن،استوار کردن،ثابت کردن،پایدار کردن،ریشه‌دار کردن،استوانیدن،فرنودن that book established his fame as a poet آن کتاب ناموری او را به عنوان شاعر به ثبوت رساند. he established the unity of all people upon the belief in God او همبستگی همه‌ی مردمان را بر پایه‌ی اعتقاد به خدا استوار کرد. an established fact واقعیت محقق،داده‌ی فرنودین he established the fact that he was not there when the murder occurred او این واقعیت را اثبات کرد که هنگام ارتکاب قتل آنجا نبوده است. the eclipse established the truth of Einstein's theories خسوف صحت نظریه‌ی انشتین را ثابت کرد. ● ریشه دار شدن،ریشه دواندن،جایگزین شدن،پاگیر شدن at that time, the British authority in India was well established در آن زمان سلطه‌ی انگلستان بر هندوستان کاملا استوار شده بود. ● (گیاه شناسی) بومی شدن،پاگرفتن these plants establish readily on coastal hills این گیاهان زود روی تپه‌های ساحلی نشو و نما می‌کنند. * established, adj. 1- به ثبوت رسیده،فرنودین،پابرجا،استاد،پایدار،برجا،استوان،محقق established art styles سبک‌های هنری برقرار a man of established reputation مردی دارای شهرت پابرجا 2- رسمی،برقرار established religion مذهب رسمی * establish friendly relations with روابط دوستانه برقرار کردن با to establish sth etw gründen to establish an account ein Konto eröffnen to establish a beachhead einen Brückenkopf errichten to establish a commission eine Kommission bilden to establish a dictatorship eine Diktatur errichten to establish air supremacy MILIT sich Dat die Luftherrschaft sichern to establish sb's guilt jds Schuld beweisen [o. nachweisen] to establish a bridgehead einen Brückenkopf bilden [o. errichten] to establish one's residence form sich Akk niederlassen to establish a monopoly ein Monopol errichten to establish a quota eine Quote festlegen to establish a policy eine politische Linie einschlagen to establish a precedent einen Präzedenzfall schaffen to establish a norm eine Norm definieren to establish a dictatorship eine Diktatur errichten to establish a commission eine Kommission bilden to establish the facts den Sachverhalt klären to establish one's rights seine Rechte geltend machen to establish a hospital ein Krankenhaus errichten to establish a criterion ein Kriterium festlegen to establish a beachhead einen Brückenkopf errichten to establish an account ein Konto eröffnen to establish the truth die Wahrheit herausfinden to establish where/whether ... feststellen, wo/ob ...

Answer 149

dive [daiv] ♦ verb 1 to plunge headfirst into water or down through the air: He dived off a rock into the sea. شیرجه رفتن 2 to go quickly and suddenly out of sight: She dived down a back street and into a shop. به سرعت از نظر دور شدن ♦ noun an act of diving: She did a beautiful dive into the deep end of the pool. شیرجه ˈdiver ♦ noun a person who dives, especially one who works under water using special breathing equipment. غواص ˈdiving-board ♦ noun a platform from which to dive, erected beside a swimming-pool. تخته شیرجه great diving beetle a water insect that carries a bubble of air under its wing cover for breathing when it is under water. خزوک /dīv/ n., vi., vt. ● (در آب) شیرجه رفتن،با سر پریدن Mehri dived into the pool مهری در استخر شیرجه زد. ● (زیردریایی و غواص) سرازیر شدن (درآب)،فرو شدن،زیر آب رفتن as the enemy boat approached, the submarine began to dive با نزدیک شدن کشتی دشمن،زیردریایی شروع به زیر آب رفتن کرد. ● (ناگهان با سر وارد چیزی شدن) پریدن توی to dive into a foxhole به داخل جان‌پناه پریدن ● (با اشتیاق و رغبت) به کاری پرداختن،غرق در کاری شدن to dive into one's work غرق در کار خود شدن ● (هواپیما و پرنده و جاده و غیره) ناگهان سرازیر شدن،(هواپیما را) سرازیر کردن the bomber dived toward the target هواپیمای بمب‌افکن به سوی هدف شیرجه رفت. ● شیرچه،دایو،پریدن با سر،(حرکات اکروباتیک) کله معلق ● سرازیر شدگی،فروشدگی،فرود ناگهانی،پرش به زیر (با سر) he made a dive for the ditch پرید توی گودال. ● (میخانه یا قمارخانه) بدنام * take a dive (امریکا - خودمانی - مسابقه‌ی مشت‌زنی) عمدا باختن dīv] verb - dive شیرجه رفتن: dive, plunge, jackknife فرو رفتن: dive, sink, immerge, founder, merge غواصی کردن: dive تفحص کردن: dive, hunt, probe غوطه زدن: dive, duck, plunge غوطهور شدن: plunge, dive, duck noun - dive شیرجه: dive, plunge, somersault, somerset غوطه: plunge, dive, duck غور: contemplation, deliberation, depth, diving, bottom, dive steep dive Sturzflug m to take a dive einen Schlag erleiden to execute a dive einen [Kopf]sprung machen to dive for pearls nach Perlen tauchen head first dive/jump Kopfsprung m a crash dive ein Schnelltauchmanöver headlong dive/jump Kopfsprung m to dive into a car schnell in ein Auto einsteigen

Answer 150

noun - paradigm نمونه: sample, example, instance, model, specimen, paradigm Darwin's theory of evolution was a paradigm shift in scientific understanding Darwins Evolutionstheorie veränderte in revolutionärer Weise das wissenschaftliche Verständnis

Answer 151

ˈn(y)o͞oˌäns] noun - nuance نکات دقیق وظریف: nuance اختلاف مختصر: nuance فرق جزئي: nuance /nōō´äns´/ n. ● فحوا،تفاوت ظریف،سایه‌ی کم‌رنگ،سایه‌رنگ،سایه چم،معنی یا آهنگ فرعی و ظریف،سایه روشنک،ریزه‌کاری a rich artistic performance, full of nuance برنامه‌ی هنری سرشار از ریزه‌کاری words that have the same meanings with different nuances واژه‌هایی که هم معنی هستند ولی از نظر فحوا با هم فرق دارند. uances of language فحوای کلام

Answer 152

anticipate [ӕnˈtisəpeit] ♦ verb 1 to expect (something): I'm not anticipating any trouble. انتظار داشتن 2 to see what is going to be wanted, required etc in the future and do what is necessary: A businessman must try to anticipate what his customers will want. پیش بینی کردن anˌticiˈpation ♦ noun I'm looking forward to the concert with anticipation (= expectancy, excitement). انتظار؛ چشم به راهی /an tis´ǝ pāt´/ vi., vt. ● پیش بینی کردن،انتظار داشتن I anticipate a pleasant trip سفر خوشی را پیش بینی می‌کنم. anticipating her request, I prepared the tea in advance خواسته‌ی او را پیش بینی نموده و چای را از پیش آماده کردم. ● (موعد چیزی را) پیش انداختن،تسریع کردن ● پیشگیری کردن،پیشدستی کردن to anticipate an opponent's blows ضربه‌های حریف را پیشگیری کردن ● تقدم داشتن بر،جلو بودن did the Vikings anticipate Columbus in discovering America? آیا وایکینگ‌ها در کشف امریکا بر (کریستوف) کلمب تقدم داشتند؟ ● (قبل از موعد) مورد استفاده قرار دادن،پیش خور کردن they tried to anticipate the legacy آنها کوشیدند ارث را پیشخور کنند. ● (قبل از موعد) پرداختن،(پیش از وقت درباره‌ی چیزی) حرف زدن یا اقدام کردن ● پیشگرایی،چشمداشت،پیش نگرش verb - anticipate پیش بینی کردن: foretaste, dope, anticipate, prognosticate, augur, foresee پیشدستی کردن: outsmart, anticipate سبقت جستن: take the lead, anticipate, outguess, forestall, get the better of, get the start انتظار داشتن: expect, envisage, hold forth, anticipate, attend, await جلوانداختن: antedate, anticipate, forward پیش گرفتن بر: anticipate سبقت جستن بر: anticipate to anticipate one's inheritance sein Erbe im Voraus verbrauchen to anticipate the outcome of sth das Ergebnis eines S. (gen) vorwegnehmen to anticipate sth etw erwarten to anticipate sth mit etw Dat rechnen to anticipate sth (foresee) etw vorhersehen [o. vorausahnen] to anticipate sth (predict) etw prognostizieren

Answer 153

presume [prəˈzjuːm] ♦ verb 1 to believe that something is true without proof; to take for granted: When I found the room empty, I presumed that you had gone home; `Has he gone?' `I presume so.' فرض کردن 2 to be bold enough (to act without the right, knowledge etc to do so): I wouldn't presume to advise someone as clever as you. جسارت کردن preˈsumably ♦ adverb I presume: She's not in her office – presumably she went home early. احتمالاً preˈsumption [-ˈzamp-] ♦ noun 1 something presumed: She married again, on the presumption that her first husband was dead. فرض 2 unsuitable boldness, eg in one's behaviour towards another person. پررویی preˈsumptuous [-ˈzamptjuəs, (American) -ˈzamptʃuəs] ♦ adjective impolitely bold. گستاخ preˈsumptuousness ♦ noun . گستاخی /prē zōōm´/ vt., vi. ● به خود اجازه دادن،جسارت کردن،پررویی کردن I did not presume to call her by her first name به خود اجازه ندادم او را به اسم کوچک صدا بزنم. why are you so late, if I may presume? اگر جسارت نباشد چرا این قدر دیر کرده‌اید؟ how can you presume to give me orders! چطور به خودت اجازه می‌دهی به من دستور بدهی‌! ● فرض کردن،انگاشتن،انگاردن،خیال کردن،تصور کردن،گمان کردن a village which was presumed to be under Vietcong control دهکده‌ای که تصور می‌شد تحت کنترل ویت‌کنگ‌ها باشد the accused is missing and presumed dead متهم مفقود شده است و احتمال می‌رود که مرده باشد. an individual is presumed innocent unless the opposite is proven هر فرد بی‌گناه فرض می‌شود مگر آنکه خلاف آن ثابت شود. if he dosen't show up, I'll presume he is not interested in buying the house اگر نیاید چنین خواهم انگاشت که به خرید خانه علاقه ندارد. ● دلالت کردن،حاکی بودن a signed invoice presumes receipt of goods بارنامه‌ی امضا شده نشانه‌ی دریافت کالا است. ● (با: on یا upon) محرز فرض کردن،(بیش از حد) روی چیزی حساب کردن to presume on someone's friendship زیادی روی دوستی کسی حساب کردن [priˈzo͞om] verb - presume فرض کردن: assume, presume, adjudge, consider, suppose, deem مسلم دانستن: presume احتمال کلی دادن: presume عقیده داشتن: opine, have an opinion, believe, deem, presume, reckon I presume so/not ich denke [o. glaube] ja/nein to presume to claim that ... sich Akk zu der Behauptung versteigen, dass ... to presume on sb's time jds Zeit in Anspruch nehmen you are Dr Smith, I presume? ich nehme an, Sie sind Dr. Smith? to presume on sb's good nature jds Gutmütigkeit ausnutzen she would never presume to question my authority sie würde sich nie anmaßen, meine Autorität in Frage zu stellen could I presume on your time for a moment? hätten Sie wohl einen Moment Zeit für mich? are we walking to the hotel? — I presume so laufen wir zum Hotel? — ich denke schon I don't wish to presume, but shouldn't you apologize to her? ich will ja nicht aufdringlich sein, aber solltest du dich nicht bei ihr entschuldigen?

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adverb - henceforth از این پس: hereinafter, henceforth, hereafter از این ببعد: henceforth, henceforward, hereafter سپس: then, next, afterwards, afterward, thereupon, henceforth زین سپس: henceforth /hens fôrth´/ adv. ● از این به بعد،از این پس،از حالا به بعد (henceforward هم می‌گویند) henceforth knock before you enter! از این به بعد قبل از ورود در بزنید! ● پس از آن،بعدا،از آن پس henceforth (from this time on) fortan geh henceforth (from this time on) künftig henceforth (from this time on) von nun an henceforth (from that time on) seither henceforth (from that time on) von da an

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taking someone against their will (kidnapping) abduction Entführung f noun - abduction ربایش: abduction, kidnapping, abstraction, grab, snatch, rapine سرقت: theft, steal, robbery, stealing, larceny, abduction عمل ربودن: abduction دورشدگی: abduction دوری از مرکز بدن: abduction قیاسی: analog, comparability, abduction قیاس: analogy, analogy, syllogism, deduction, induction, abduction

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•arson = setting fire to a property arson [ˈaːsn] ♦ noun the crime of setting fire to (a building etc ) on purpose. آتش افروزی /är´sǝn/ n. ● (حقوق) ایجاد حریق به طور عمد،آتش افروزی،حرق plundering and arson have erupted all over the city چپاول و آتش افروزی در تمام شهر فوران کرده است. the arsonist was sentenced to nine years of imprisonment آتش افروز به نه سال زندان محکوم شد. [ˈärsən] noun - arson ایجاد حریق عمدی: arson اتش زنی: arson his brother fingered him for arson sein Bruder hat ihn wegen Brandstiftung verpfiffen

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assault = a physical attack assault [əˈsoːlt] ♦ verb 1 to attack, especially suddenly: The youths assaulted the night watchman. حمله کردن 2 to attack sexually; to rape. تجاوز جنسی کردن ♦ noun 1 a (sudden) attack: a night assault on the fortress; His speech was a vicious assault on his opponent. حمله 2 a sexual attack; a rape. تجوز جنسی assault [əˈsoːlt] ♦ verb 1 to attack, especially suddenly: The youths assaulted the night watchman. حمله کردن 2 to attack sexually; to rape. تجاوز جنسی کردن ♦ noun 1 a (sudden) attack: a night assault on the fortress; His speech was a vicious assault on his opponent. حمله 2 a sexual attack; a rape. تجوز جنسی ǝ sôlt´/ n., vt., vi. ● (جسمی یا لفظی) حمله کردن،برتاختن،تازیدن،حمله‌ی شدید و ناگهانی two students assaulted him in the hallway دو دانشجو در راهرو به او حمله کردند. ● یورش،تازش،برتاخت،هجوم،تهاجم،حمله the enemy opened the assault on the Wago front دشمن هجوم را از جبهه‌ی واگو آغاز کرد. their assault was crushed تازش آنان در هم شکسته شد. an all-out assault on racism هجوم همه جانبه علیه نژادپرستی ● زنای به عنف،تجاوز جنسی she was (sexually) assaulted by two men آن زن توسط دو مرد مورد تجاوز (جنسی) قرار گرفت. ● (حقوق) تهدید به ضرب و شتم ● ضرب،ضربه،جریحه‌دار سازی ● جریحه‌دار کردن * assault aircraft هواپیمای هجومی * assault boat قایق تازشگر * assault force نیروی هجومی * assault rifle تفنگ جنگی (در مقابل شکاری) * assault with a deadly weapon حمله با سلاح مهلک * assault with intent to murder حمله به قصد قتل aggravated assault Am schwere Körperverletzung sexual assault Am Notzucht f indecent assault unzüchtige Handlung verbal assault übtr verbale Attacke assault and battery (aggression) Bedrohung f mit tätlichem Angriff frontal assault [or attack] Frontalangriff m an assault case ein Fall m von Körperverletzung an assault on racism/sexism ein Feldzug m gegen Rassismus/Sexismus to indecently [or sexually] assault sb jdn vergewaltigen to make an assault on sth gegen etw Akk angehen to launch an assault on sb/sth jdn/etw angreifen assault with intent to do grievous bodily injury vorsätzliche schwere Körperverletzung he pleaded guilty to the charge of indecent assault er gestand die sexuelle Nötigung an assault on the north face of the Eiger ein Versuch, die Eiger-Nordwand zu bezwingen she decided to make a determined assault on the paperwork sie entschloss sich, endlich ernsthaft den Papierkram anzugehen

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burglary = illegal entry to a building with an intent to commit a crime [ˈbərglərē] noun - burglary دزدی: theft, stealing, robbery, burglary, thievery, embezzlement noun 1 entry into a building illegally with intent to commit a crime, especially theft. a two-year sentence for burglary synonyms: housebreaking , breaking and entering , theft , stealing , robbery , larceny , thievery , looting , pilferage , break-in , theft , robbery , raid , heist aggravated burglary JUR erschwerter Diebstahl did you know about the burglary? hast du von dem Einbruch gehört? he was had up for burglary sie haben ihn wegen Einbruchs drangekriegt

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child abuse = maltreatment of a child abuse [əˈbjuːz] ♦ verb 1 to use wrongly, usually with harmful results: She abused her privileges by taking too long a holiday. سواستفاده کردن 2 to insult or speak roughly to: She abused the servants. ناسزا گفتن [əˈbjuːs]noun 1 insulting language: He shouted abuse at her. فحش 2 the wrong use of something: This toy has been subjected to a lot of abuse. استفادۀ غلط aˈbusive [-siv] ♦ adjective using insulting language: He wrote an abusive letter to the manager. توهین آمیز aˈbusively ♦ adverb . بطور اهانت آمیز aˈbusiveness ♦ noun . هتاکی • My father is oblivious to the emotional pain his abuse caused me. پدرم توجهی به رنج عاطفی که بر اثر سوءاستفاده در من ایجاد کرده است، ندارد. satanic abuse teuflischer Missbrauch racket abuse Werfen nt des Schlägers [verbal] abuse Beschimpfung[en] f[pl] child abuse Kindesmissbrauch m sexual abuse sexueller Missbrauch a stream of abuse eine Schimpfkanonade level of alcohol abuse Ausmaß nt des Alkoholmissbrauchs a term of abuse ein Schimpfwort nt to [verbally] abuse sb jdn beschimpfen be open to abuse sich Akk leicht missbrauchen lassen abuse of human rights Menschenrechtsverletzungen pl to abuse sb's trust jds Vertrauen missbrauchen to abuse sb's kindness jds Freundlichkeit ausnutzen to abuse sb's rights jds Rechte verletzen to practise self-abuse sich Akk selbstzerstörerisch verhalten to discharge abuse Beleidigungen von sich Dat geben abuse of process JUR Verfahrensmissbrauch m term of abuse Schimpfwort nt alcohol/drug abuse Alkohol-/Drogenmissbrauch m

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maltreatment Misshandlung f abuse, cruel treatment, rough treatment

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oblivious [əˈbliviəs] ♦ adjective unaware of or not paying attention to: He was oblivious of what was happening; He was oblivious to our warnings. بی خبر؛ بی اعتنا oˈbliviously ♦ adverb . با بی اعتنایی؛ بطور نا آگاه to be oblivious of [or to] sth sich Dat einer S. Gen nicht bewusst sein to be oblivious to the beauty of sth keinen Sinn für das Schöne einer S. Gen haben absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings in ihre Arbeit vertieft, nahm sie ihre Umwelt gar nicht mehr wahr /ǝ bliv´ē ǝs/ adj. ● (معمولا با: of یا to) بی خبر (از)،بی اعتنا (به) oblivious to danger بی اعتنا به خطر he was oblivious of his surroundings توجهی به محیط خود نداشت. ● فراموشی آور،نسیان بخش • My father is oblivious to the emotional pain his abuse caused me. پدرم توجهی به رنج عاطفی که بر اثر سوءاستفاده در من ایجاد کرده است، ندارد. adjective - oblivious بی توجه: oblivious, unresponsive, inattentive, listless, unwitting, unconsidered فراموشکار: forgetful, oblivious, slack

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drug trafficking - importing illegal drugs drug trafficking Drogenhandel m human trafficking Menschenhandel m arms trafficking Waffenschieberei f traffic [ˈtrӕfik] ♦ noun 1 vehicles, aircraft, ships etc moving about: There's a lot of traffic on the roads / on the river. عبور و مرور 2 trade, especially illegal or dishonest: the drug traffic. سوداگری؛ داد و ستد ♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈtrafficked – to deal or trade in, especially illegally or dishonestly: They were trafficking in smuggled goods. داد و ستد کردن ˈtrafficker ♦ noun a usually illegal or dishonest dealer: a trafficker in drugs. داد و ستد کننده؛ قاچاقچی traffic island a small pavement in the middle of a road, for pedestrians to stand on on their way across. سکوی ایمنی traffic jam a situation in which large numbers of road vehicles are prevented from proceeding freely. صفی از ماشین ها که پشت سر یکدیگر مانده و نمی توانند جابجا شوند traffic lights lights of changing colours for controlling traffic at road crossings etc : Turn left at the traffic lights. چراغ راهنمایی traffic warden see warden verb trade (in), deal (in), do business in, buy and sell, smuggle, bootleg, run, push

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false imprisonment = imprisoning a person against their will and without legal authority • The fundamental aspect of imprisonment is the loss of liberty. مهمترین ویژگی حبس، از دست دادن آزادی است. • In many countries, being gay is a cause for imprisonment. در خیلی از کشورها، همجنس باز بودن دلیلی است برای زندانی کردن. false imprisonment Freiheitsberaubung f to get life imprisonment lebenslänglich bekommen term of imprisonment Haftdauer f wrongful arrest/dismissal/imprisonment unrechtmäßige Verhaftung/Entlassung/Inhaftierung a term [or sentence] of imprisonment Haft f murder is punishable by life imprisonment Mord wird mit lebenslanger Haft bestraft to be given full sentence/life imprisonment die Höchststrafe/lebenslang bekommen he was sentenced to six months' imprisonment for possessing heroin er wurde wegen Heroinbesitzes zu sechs Monaten Haft verurteilt the guest lecturer took as her subject ‘imprisonment in modern society’ die Gastsprecherin hatte ‚die Freiheitsstrafe in der modernen Gesellschaft‘ zu ihrem Thema gewählt [imˈprizənmənt] noun - imprisonment حبس: imprisonment, prison, detention, jail, custody, lockout زندانی شدن: imprisonment حبسی: imprisonment دوره زندانی را گذراندن: imprisonment

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fraud = deception for personal or financial gain fraud [froːd] ♦ noun 1 (an act of) dishonesty: He was sent to prison for fraud. کلاهبرداری 2 a person who pretends to be something that he isn't: That man is not a famous writer, he's a fraud. آدم کلاهبردار ˈfraudulent [-djulənt, (American) -dʒulənt] ♦ adjective dishonest or intending to deceive: fraudulent behaviour. فریب آمیز ˈfraudulently ♦ adverb . بطور فریب آمیز ˈfraudulence ♦ noun . حقه بازی malevolent fraud arglistige Täuschung to unmask a fraud einen Betrug aufdecken Serious Fraud Office Ermittlungsbehörde f für Wirtschaftsstraftaten perpetrator of fraud Betrüger(in) m (f) he was accused of fraud er wurde wegen Betrugs angeklagt she's standing trial for fraud sie steht wegen Betrug[e]s unter Anklage he's been committed to prison for fraud er ist wegen Betrugs inhaftiert worden next to her I felt like a fraud neben ihr komme ich mir wie ein Betrüger/eine Betrügerin vor he was on the rack, following accusations of fraud als man ihm Bestechung vorwarf, durchlitt er wahre Höllenqualen she managed to bring off the biggest cheque fraud in history ihr gelang der größte Scheckbetrug aller Z /frôd, fräd/ n. ● (حقوق) کلاهبرداری،غبن ● گول‌زنی،اغفال،دغلکاری،حقه‌بازی،فریب‌کاری،تقلب he committed several frauds in Kashan او در کاشان به چندین فقره کلاهبرداری دست زد. he got the money by fraud او پول را از راه کلاهبرداری به دست آورد. ● (آدم) متقلب،کلاهبردار،گوشبر،فریبکار،دغلکار،قلابی،چیز تقلبی he claims to be a doctor, but he is a fraud او ادعا می‌کند که دکتر است ولی دروغ می‌گوید. [frôd] noun - fraud تقلب: fraud, deception, skullduggery, skulduggery, swindle, fakery فریب: deception, lure, deceit, fraud, delusion, cheat کلاه برداری: fraud, spoof, swindle, gaud, defraudation, fraudulence شیادی: fraud, deceit, deception, juggle, trick شیاد: fraud, trickster, shammer حیله: gimmick, trick, cunning, deception, deceit, fraud غبن: cheating, swindling, lesion, fraud, defraudation گوش بر: fraud, swindler

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•hijacking = illegally getting control of an aircraft or vehice hijacking Entführung f to hijack a plane ein Flugzeug entführen übtr to hijack sb's ideas/plans jds Ideen/Pläne klauen ugs hijack [ˈhaidʒӕk] ♦ verb 1 to take control of (an aeroplane) while it is moving and force the pilot to fly to a particular place. هواپيما ربايی کردن 2 to stop and rob (a vehicle): Thieves hijacked a lorry carrying $20,000 worth of whisky. دزدی از وسایل نقلیه 3 to steal (something) from a vehicle: Thieves hijacked $20,000 worth of whisky from a lorry. سرقت کردن از ماشین ♦ noun the act of hijacking. سرقت ˈhijacker ♦ noun . رباینده /hī´jak´/ vt. ● (عامیانه) ● دزدیدن (به ویژه وسیله‌ی نقلیه با محتویات آن) they hijacked a truckload of cameras آنها یک کامیون پر از دوربین عکاسی را دزدیدند. ● (در حین حمل و نقل) کالا ربایی کردن،سرقت مسلحانه کردن،زدن ● (با اعمال زور) گول زدن،کلاه سر کسی گذاشتن،اجحاف کردن they hijack customers to buy unneccessary insurance آنان مشتریان خود را مجبور می‌کنند که بیمه‌ی غیرضروری بخرند. ● هواپیما ربایی کردن،اتوبوس ربایی کردن (بزور گرفتن هر نوع وسیله‌ی نقلیه با سرنشینان آن) the plane was hijacked while on a flight to Paris هواپیما حین پرواز به پاریس ربوده شد. the hijackers blew up the hijacked bus ربایندگان اتوبوس ربوده شده را منفجر کردند. [ˈhīˌjak] verb - hijack ربودن: hijack, snatch, abduct, rob, steal, grab

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/kǝ mu_r´shǝl/ adj., n. ● (وابسته به) بازرگانی،تجاری،سوداگرانه London is a commercial center لندن مرکز بازرگانی است. ● وابسته به مغازه و ساختمان اداری a commercial and industrial bank بانک بازرگانی و صنعت residential and commercial property املاک مسکونی و تجاری ● (خرید و فروش به مقدار زیاد) عمده،(برای مصرف) صنعتی یا بازرگانی commercial sulfuric acid اسید سولفوریک صنعتی commercial agriculture کشاورزی در سطح گسترده ● انتفاعی،سودگرای،بهره‌گرای،سوداگرای educational films as opposed to commercial films فیلم آموزشی در مقایسه با فیلم تبلیغاتی the book was a commercial success کتاب از نظر مالی پر سود بود. ● (رادیو و تلویزیون و فیلم) آگهی (بازرگانی) ● (تلویزیون و رادیو) خصوصی،انتفاعی kəˈmərSHəl] noun - commercial تجاری: commercial, joinery adjective - commercial بازرگانی: commercial, mercantile تجارتی: commercial, mercantile برای فروش: commercial, merchant

Answer 167

bliss [blis] ♦ noun very great happiness: the bliss of a young married couple. شادمانی؛ شعف ˈblissful ♦ adjective . شادکام؛ سعادتمند ˈblissfully ♦ adverb . با شادکامی /blis/ n., vi., vt. ● آمیزه‌ی خوشحالی و لذت،شادکامی،خوشدلی،شادمانی،خوشی being with Sherry is heavenly bliss بودن با شری موهبت آسمانی است. the blissful days we spent together ایام خوشی که با هم بودیم the holidays we spent together were true bliss تعطیلاتی را که با هم گذراندیم خوشی محض بود. ● شعف،روان‌شادی،سعادت جاودانی،خلسه،ربودگی مذهبی و روحانی ● (امریکا - خودمانی ـ معمولا با out) نشئه شدن (در اثر مواد مخدر یا ربودگی روحانی) * living in wedded (or married) bliss در ازدواج سعادتمند بودن،زندگی زناشویی موفق و کامبخشی داشتن * blissful ignorance ناآگاهی از چیزهای ناخوشایند،جهل توام با شادکامی [blis] noun - bliss سعادت: happiness, bliss, felicity, welfare, weal, luck برکت: blessing, bliss, benediction, fatness, beatitude, felicity domestic bliss häusliches Glück wedded bliss Eheglück nt marital bliss Eheglück nt perpetual bliss dauerhaftes Glück sheer bliss eine wahre Wonne what bliss! herrlich! connubial bliss Eheglück nt to be utter bliss eine ungeheure Wohltat sein ignorance is bliss selig sind die Unwissenden pure [or sheer] bliss die reine Wonne wedded [or marital] bliss Eheglück nt they lived in domestic bliss sie führten ein glückliches Familienleben the hot bath was pure bliss das heiße Bad war eine wahre Wohltat that's what I call nuptial bliss Mann, die sind vielleicht im siebten Himmel we could tell Mary, but ignorance is bliss wir könnten es Mary erzählen, aber was sie nicht weiß, macht sie nicht heiß ugs

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/eks´ploi tā´shǝn/ n. ● استثمار،بهره‌گیری،بهره‌کشی the exploitation of workers by company managers استثمار کارگران توسط مدیران شرکت ها ● بهره برداری،استفاده the exploitation of the country's oil resources بهره برداری از منابع نفت کشور the exploitation of employees die Ausbeutung der Arbeitnehmerschaft US UK AU [ˌeksploiˈtāSHən] noun - exploitation بهره برداری: operation, exploitation, utilization استثمار: exploitation استخراج: extraction, exploitation, derivation, elicitation, production انتفاع: exploitation

Answer 169

premeditated murder = murder that is intentional (planned before hand) "unpremeditated murder - murder that is not intentional (not planned) premeditated [priˈmediteitid] ♦ adjective thought out in advance; planned: premeditated murder. از پیش طراحی شده /prē med´i tāt´/ vt., vi. ● عمدا انجام دادن،(طبق نقشه یا تصمیم قبلی) مرتکب شدن that crime was not accidental; it was premedi- tated آن جنایت اتفاقی نبود; عمدی بود. a premeditated murder قتل عمد ● پیش اندیشی کردن premeditated act überlegtes Vorgehen premeditated attack vorsätzlicher [o. geplanter] Angriff premeditated crime/murder vorsätzlich begangenes Verbrechen/vorsätzlicher Mord

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manslaughter - unintentional murder (synonym for unpremeditated murder) involuntary manslaughter JUR fahrlässige Tötung fachspr to charge sb with manslaughter jdn des Totschlags anklagen

Answer 171

"attempted murder = planning to kill another person attempt [əˈtempt] ♦ verb to try: He attempted to reach the dying man, but did not succeed; He did not attempt the last question in the exam. کوشیدن؛ سعی کردن ♦ noun 1 a try: They failed in their attempt to climb the Everest; She made no attempt to run away. کوشش؛ سعی 2 an attack: They made an attempt on his life but he survived. حمله کردن verb - attempt جستجو کردن: search, seek, scour, look for, attempt, ransack کوشش کردن: try, labor, assay, attempt, bend, peg قصد کردن: attempt, decide, design, meditate مبادرت کردن به: attack, attempt تقلا کردن: heave, slog, tussle, scramble, struggle, agonize foolhardy attempt tollkühner Versuch inexpert attempt stümperhafter Versuch desultory attempt halbherziger Versuch failed attempt fehlgeschlagener [o. missglückter] Versuch earnest attempt ernst gemeinter Versuch futile attempt vergeblicher Versuch blatant attempt offensichtlicher Versuch heroic attempt kühner Versuch desperate attempt verzweifelter Versuch ineffective attempt erfolgloser Versuch interpretative attempt Erklärungsversuch m solo attempt Einzelversuch m feeble attempt müder Versuch clumsy attempt plumper Versuch to forestall an attempt einen Versuch abschmettern ugs to cripple an attempt einen Versuch zum Scheitern bringen to attempt a jailbreak einen Ausbruchsversuch unternehmen botched suicide attempt misslungener Selbstmordversuch a puny attempt ein schüchterner Versuch attempt at self-justification Versuch m , sich zu rechtfertigen adjective endeavored, ventured attempt noun [at·tempt || ə'tempt] try, assay; effort to do or accomplish something; assault, attack (as "an attempt on someone life") verb [at·tempt || ə'tempt] try, assay

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patricide [ˈpӕtrisaid] ♦ noun 1 the act of killing one's father. پدر کشی 2 a person who does such an act. قاتل پدر patricide Vatermord m

Answer 173

genocide [ˈdʒenəsaid] ♦ noun the deliberate killing of a race of people. نسل کشی adjective - genocidal jen´ǝ sīd´/ n. ● کشتار طبق برنامه برای براندازی ملت یا نژادی،نسل‌کشی،قتل عام،نژاد براندازی،پاکسازی نژادی * genocidal, adj. قتل‌عامانه،وابسته به نسل‌کشی و نژاد براندازی the Nazis' genocidal acts اعمال نژاد براندازانه‌ی نازی‌ها to commit genocide [against sb] Völkermord [an jdm] begehen

Answer 174

euthanasia - killing someone for their benefit euthanasia [juːθəˈneiziə] ♦ noun the painless killing of someone who is suffering from a painful and incurable illness: Many old people would prefer euthanasia to the suffering they have to endure. کشتن دلسوزانه؛ خوشمرگی /yōō´thǝ nā´zhǝ, -zhē ǝ, -zēǝ/ n. ● (کشتن از روی ترحم انسان یا جانور به خاطر نجات دادن آنها از درد و غیره) کشتن دلسوزانه،مهرین کشی ● (نادر) مرگ آسان و بی درد،خوشمرگی،خوب میری

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smuggling = illegal import or export smuggle [ˈsmagl] ♦ verb 1 to bring (goods) into, or send them out from, a country illegally, or without paying duty: He was caught smuggling (several thousand cigarettes through the Customs). قاچاقي وارد و خارج كردن 2 to send or take secretly: I smuggled some food out of the kitchen. قاچاقي رد كردن ˈsmuggler ♦ noun a person who smuggles. قاچاقچي ˈsmuggling ♦ noun the laws against smuggling; drug-smuggling. قاچاق /smug´ǝl/ vi., vt. ● قاچاق کردن،گریزه آوردن (یابردن) smuggled opium تریاک قاچاقی smugglers have smuggled tons of heroin into the country قاچاقچیان چندین تن هروئین به کشور قاچاق کرده‌اند. ● (قاچاقی) رد کردن،رساندن to smuggle arms/drugs/illegal aliens Waffen/Drogen/illegale Einwanderer schmuggeln

Answer 176

• He was strongly against all violence. او در برابر تمام خشونت محکم ایستاد. /vī´ǝ lǝns/ n. ● خشونت،پرخاشگری they threaten us with violence آنان ما را تهدید به خشونت می‌کنند. the strikers' increasing violence خشونت فزاینده‌ی اعتصاب‌کنندگان acts of violence اعمال خشونت‌آمیز ● شدت،ستهمی،حدت the wind blew with great violence باد بشدت زیاد می‌وزید. the violence of the explosion شدت انفجار ● آسیب،زیان،ویرانی ● (متن یا معنی و غیره) مسخ‌سازی،دستکاری (زیانبخش) to do violence to a text متن را دستکاری کردن ● عمل خشونت‌آمیز،آشوب،بلوا thirty people were killed in the violence در آن آشوب سی نفر کشته شدند. some movies contain too much sex and violence برخی از فیلم‌ها دارای صحنه‌های سکسی و خشونت بیش از حد است. * do violence too آسیب رساندن،زیان رساندن،صدمه زدن those ugly tall buildings do violence to the beauty of Esfahan آن ساختمان‌های زشت و بلند به زیبایی اصفهان لطمه می‌زنند. non-violence Gewaltverzicht m non-violence Gewaltfreiheit f oun - violence خشونت: violence, cruelty, roughness, severity, harshness, rudeness شدت: intensity, severity, force, gravity, violence, vehemence زور: force, power, violence, strength, might, strain ستم: oppression, injustice, tyranny, cruelty, violence, despotism بی حرمتی: disrespect, desecration, affront, profanation, violence, irreverence تندی: speed, velocity, rigor, pungency, celerity, violence سختی: hardness, hardship, difficulty, adversity, trouble, violence چیرگی: domination, victory, boldness, proficiency, courage, violence جبر: algebra, inertia, inertia, force, violence ستیز: contention, antagonism, hatred, affray, contest, violence فشار: pressure, compression, press, push, stress, violence بیدادگری: violence اشتلم: violence

Answer 177

"white collar crime = financially motivated non-violent crime by a worker

Answer 178

deter [diˈtəː]– past tense, past participle deˈterred – ♦ verb to make less willing or prevent by frightening: She was not deterred by his threats. جلوگیری کردن؛ منصرف کردن deˈterrent [-ˈte-, (American) -ˈtə:-] ♦ noun, ♦ adjective (something) that deters: The possession of nuclear weapons by nations is thought to be a deterrent against nuclear war itself; a deterrent effect. بازدارنده؛ پیشگیر diˈtər] verb - deter ترساندن: scare, frighten, intimidate, terrorize, deter, threaten باز داشتن: deter, encumber, prevent, debar, dissuade, arrest تحذیر کردن: deter dē tu_r´, di-/ vt. ● (با ایجاد ترس یا تردید و غیره) بازداری کردن،جلوگیری کردن،منصرف کردن fear of atomic retalliation deterred the communists from attacking ترس از تلافی با سلاح اتمی کمونیست‌ها را از حمله بازداشت. punishment did not deter him from repeating his crime تنبیه او را از تکرار بزه خود بازنداشت. a good dog can deter burglars یک سگ خوب می‌تواند جلو دزدها را بگیرد. to deter an attack einen Angriff verhindern nothing will deter him nichts wird ihn [davon] abhalten to deter sb from doing sth jdn davon abschrecken [o. abhalten] , etw zu tun

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repeated offender : a person who has committed a crime or offence more than once offend [əˈfend] ♦ verb 1 to make feel upset or angry: If you don't go to her party she will be offended; His criticism offended her. رنجیدن؛ رنجاندن 2 to be unpleasant or disagreeable: Cigarette smoke offends me. آزردن ofˈfence, (American ) ofˈfense ♦ noun 1 (any cause of) anger, displeasure, hurt feelings etc : That rubbish dump is an offence to the eye. عامل رنجش؛ دلخوری 2 a crime: The police charged him with several offences. تخلف ofˈfender ♦ noun a person who offends, especially against the law. آدم خاطی ofˈfensive [-siv] ♦ adjective 1 insulting: offensive remarks. توهین آمیز 2 disgusting: an offensive smell. ناخوشایند؛ تنفر انگیز 3 used to attack: an offensive weapon. تهاجمی ♦ noun an attack: They launched an offensive against the invading army. حمله ofˈfensively ♦ adverb . بطور تعرض آمیز ofˈfensiveness ♦ noun to hurt/offend sb's susceptibility jds Gefühle verletzen/beleidigen in saying this, I will offend him wenn ich das sage, würde ich ihn beleidigen I really didn't mean to offend you ich wollte dich wirklich nicht kränken . تعرض be on the offensive to be making an attack: She always expects people to criticize her and so she is always on the offensive. حالت تهاجمی یا پرخاشگرانه داشتن take offence(with at) to be offended (by something): He took offence at what she said. دلخور شدن /ǝ fend´/ vi., vt. ● رنجیدن،رنجاندن،دلخور کردن یا شدن،گران خاطر کردن یا شدن she will be offended if she is not invited اگر از او دعوت نشود دلخور خواهد شد. your words offended her greatly حرف‌های تو او را سخت رنجاند. ● ناخشنود کردن یا شدن،خشمگین کردن یا شدن ● آزردن،رنجه داشتن wall writings that offend the eye دیوار نوشته‌هایی که چشم را رنجه می‌دارند ● (مهجور) تخلف کردن،تخطی کردن،سرپیچی کردن،مرتکب گناه شدن * offend against (something) (از چیزی) تخطی کردن this act offends against the principle of fairness این عمل با اصول انصاف تناقض دارد.

Answer 180

commit [kəˈmit]– past tense past participle comˈmitted – ♦ verb 1 to perform; to do (especially something illegal): He committed the murder when he was drunk. مرتکب شدن 2 to hand over (a person) to an institution etc for treatment, safekeeping etc : committed to prison. تحویل دادن 3 to put (oneself) under a particular obligation: She has committed herself to looking after her dead brother's children till the age of 18. مقید کردن؛ متعهد به انجام کاری کردن comˈmitment ♦ noun obligation: She could not take the job because of family commitments. تعهد؛ قول comˈmittal ♦ noun the act of committing (to an institution). تعهد comˈmitted ♦ adjective pledged to do, or to support, something: He was committed to looking after his uncle; He is a committed socialist. متعهد شده /ke mit´/ vi., vt. ● مرتکب شدن a man who has committed a crime مردی که مرتکب جنایت شده است to commit suicide خودکشی کردن ● (به امانت) سپردن we commit his fame to posterity ما شهرت او را به آیندگان می‌سپاریم. to commit to memory به حافظه (خاطر) سپردن ● تحویل دادن،(خواهی نخواهی) فرستادن those ideas will be committed to the trash heap of history آن عقاید به زباله دان تاریخ واصل خواهد شد. they were committed to prison آنها را به زندان تحویل دادند. to be committed to a mental hospital به بیمارستان روانی فرستاده شدن ● متعهد کردن،مقید کردن،قول دادن،به گردن گرفتن we will commit ourselves to the protection of the poor ما خود را متعهد به حمایت از بینوایان خواهیم کرد. ● اختصاص دادن all available forces were committed to the attack کلیه‌ی نیروهای موجود به حمله اختصاص داده شدند. ● (برای تصویب یا بررسی) ارجاع کردن * committed متعهد * commit oneself متعهد شدن،تعهد سپردن * commit to paper (or writing) نوشتن،روی کاغذ آوردن • Tom didn't want to see Mary in prison for a crime she didn't commit. تام نمی خواست ماری را به خاطر جرمی که مرتکب نشده بود در زندان ببیند. to commit war atrocities Kriegsverbrechen begehen to commit a robbery einen Raubüberfall verüben to commit a crime ein Verbrechen nt begehen to commit an offence eine strafbare Handlung begehen to commit political suicide politischen Selbstmord begehen to commit immoralities unanständige Dinge tun to commit murder einen Mord begehen to commit perjury einen Meineid schwören to commit sabotage Sabotage begehen to commit adultery die Ehe brechen geh to commit suicide Selbstmord begehen to commit excesses Exzesse begehen to commit hara-kiri Harakiri [o. Selbstmord] begehen to commit rape eine Vergewaltigung begehen to commit bigamy Bigamie begehen to commit irregularities sich Dat Unregelmäßigkeiten zuschulden kommen lassen to commit sth to memory sich Dat etw einprägen to commit sth to paper etw zu Papier bringen

Answer 181

diminish [diˈminiʃ] ♦ verb to make or become less: Our supplies are diminishing rapidly. کم شدن؛ کاستن diˈminished ♦ adjective (negative undiminished ). کاسته شده /dǝ min´ish/ vt., vi. ● (اندازه و رتبه و اهمیت و غیره) کاستن،کاهیدن،کم شدن یا کردن her strength has diminished consideably نیروی او به طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای کم شده است. desertions and deaths diminished the number of his soldiers فرار و مرگ و میر شمار سربازان او را تقلیل داد. the passing years did not diminish their friendship گذشت سال‌ها از دوستی آنها نکاست. ● کوچک شدن یا کردن،خفیف شدن یا کردن their misery diminishes all human beings سیه‌روزی آنها همه‌ی انسان‌ها را خفیف می‌کند. ● (معماری) کم‌کم باریک کردن یا شدن (مانند سر مداد)،باریک شدن ● (موسیقی) یک نیم‌گام از صدا کاستن to diminish sb's achievements jds Leistungen schmälern [o. herabwürdigen] to diminish a memory eine Erinnerung beeinträchtigen to diminish sb's resolve jdn verunsichern to diminish [greatly] in value [stark] an Wert verlieren [diˈminiSH] verb - diminish کم شدن: diminish, step down, abate, wane, dwindle, slacken کم کردن: reduce, alleviate, diminish, subtract, cut, deduct کاستن: reduce, reduce, decrease, diminish, lessen, detract خرد شدن: relent, pass off, shrink, crush, abate, diminish تقلیل یافتن: diminish, lessen ضعیف کردن: weaken, diminish, enfeeble, debilitate, devitalize, emaciate نقصان یافتن: decrease, diminish, wane خرد کردن: grind, squelch, minify, smash, chop, diminish خرد ساختن: turn down, bate, curtail, damp down, decompress, diminish

Answer 182

peer pressure = pressure from friends or colleagues peer1 [piə] ♦ noun 1 a nobleman (in Britain, one from the rank of baron upwards). آدم اشراف زاده 2 a person's equal in rank, merit or age: The child was disliked by his peers; (also adjective ) He is more advanced than the rest of his peer group. هم نوع؛ هم سن ˈpeerage [-ridʒ] ♦ noun 1 a peer's title or status: He was granted a peerage. مقام اشرافی 2 (often with plural verb when considered as a number of separate individuals) all noblemen as a group: The peerage has/have many responsibilities. اعیان و اشراف ˈpeeress ♦ noun 1 the wife or widow of a peer. همسر یا بیوه فرد اشافی 2 a woman who is a peer in her own right. زن اشرافی ˈpeerless ♦ adjective without equal; better than all others: Sir Galahad was a peerless knight. بی همتا peer1 [piə] ♦ noun 1 a nobleman (in Britain, one from the rank of baron upwards). آدم اشراف زاده 2 a person's equal in rank, merit or age: The child was disliked by his peers; (also adjective ) He is more advanced than the rest of his peer group. هم نوع؛ هم سن ˈpeerage [-ridʒ] ♦ noun 1 a peer's title or status: He was granted a peerage. مقام اشرافی 2 (often with plural verb when considered as a number of separate individuals) all noblemen as a group: The peerage has/have many responsibilities. اعیان و اشراف ˈpeeress ♦ noun 1 the wife or widow of a peer. همسر یا بیوه فرد اشافی 2 a woman who is a peer in her own right. زن اشرافی ˈpeerless ♦ adjective without equal; better than all others: Sir Galahad was a peerless knight. بی همتا life peer Peer m auf Lebenszeit peer of the realm Peer m mit ererbtem Sitz im Oberhaus to peer over one's glasses über die Brille schauen to peer over sb's shoulder jdm über die Schulter gucken [o. A schauen] to peer into the distance in die Ferne starren to be under peer pressure unter sozialem Druck stehen to be under peer group pressure unter sozialem Druck stehen noun - peer همتا: counterpart, peer, match جفت: pair, placenta, coupling, couple, mate, peer همشان: peer عضو مجلس اعیان: peer صاحب لقب اشرافی: peer رفیق: comrade, friend, pal, fellow, buddy, peer هما ل: peer verb - peer بدرجه اشرافی رسیدن: peer بدقت نگریستن: peer نمایان شدن: peer بنظر رسیدن: peer, sound برابر کردن: equate, balance, compare, contrast, level out, peer هم درجه کردن: peer برابر بودن با: peer

Answer 183

mimicking violent behaviour - to copy aggressive actions mimic [ˈmimik]– past tense, past participle ˈmimicked – ♦ verb to imitate (someone or something), especially with the intention of making him or it appear ridiculous or funny: The comedian mimicked the Prime Minister's way of speaking. تقلید کردن؛ ادای کسی را در آوردن ♦ noun a person who mimics: Children are often good mimics. تقلید کردن ˈmimicry ♦ noun . تقلید verb - mimic تقلید کردن: imitate, mimic, emulate, assume, pattern, simulate مسخرگی کردن: mimic, buffoon, clown

Answer 184

noun - subpoena احضاریه: subpoena حکم احضار: subpoena خواست برگ: subpoena subpoena noun [sub·poe·na || sə'pɪːnə] official written document summoning a witness to appear in court or requiring that certain evidence be brought before a court (Law) verb [sub·poe·na || sə'pɪːnə] serve with a subpoena, serve with an official written document summoning a witness to appear in court or requiring that certain evidence be brought before a court (Law) subpoena noun [sub·poe·na || sə'pɪːnə] official written document summoning a witness to appear in court or requiring that certain evidence be brought before a court (Law) verb [sub·poe·na || sə'pɪːnə] serve with a subpoena, serve with an official written document summoning a witness to appear in court or requiring that certain evidence be brought before a court (Law) OpenDictionary /sǝ pē´nǝ/ n., vt. ● (حقوق) ● خواست برگ،حکم رسمی احضاریه به دادگاه،فراخوان نامه ● خواست برگ (به کسی) دادن،فراخوان (به دادگاه)،فراخوان نامه فرستادن،احضار کردن the court subpoenaed him to appear as witness دادگاه او را به عنوان گواه فراخواند. ● حکم ارائه مدارک یا اسناد بخصوص را در دادگاه دادن (subpena هم می‌نویسند) * to serve a subpoena on someone فراخوان نامه (یا احضاریه‌ی) رسمی به کسی دادن to issue a subpoena eine Ladung erlassen fachspr to subpoena documents from sb von jdm die Vorlage von Dokumenten verlangen to subpoena sb to testify jdn als Zeugen vorladen to serve a subpoena on sb jdn vorladen to serve sb with a subpoena [or summons] [or writ] jdn vorladen

Answer 185

pariah [pəˈraiə] ♦ noun a person driven out of a group or community; an outcast: Because of his political beliefs he became a pariah in the district. آدم طرد شده /pǝ rī´ǝ/ n. ● (هند- عضو پایین ترین طبقه‌ی اجتماعی) پاریا ● آدم طرد شده،آدم پست و منفور there, lepers are still considered as social pariahs در آنجا جذامیان هنوز منفور اجتماع هستند.

Answer 186

lease [liːs] ♦ noun (the period of) an agreement giving the use of a house etc on payment of rent: We signed the lease yesterday; a twenty-year lease. اجاره؛ کرایه ♦ verb to give or acquire a house etc in this way: He leases the land from the local council. اجاره کردن /lēs/ n., vt. ● (خانه و غیره) اجاره،کرایه،سلاک،اجاره‌نامه،مدت اجاره a two-year lease اجاره‌ی دوساله the lease expires next month ماه آینده مدت اجاره سر می‌آید. ● ملک اجاره‌ای (استیجاری) ● کرایه کردن یا دادن،اجاره کردن یا دادن I leased my house for the summer خانه‌ی خود را برای تابستان کرایه دادم. some farmers lease their land from the owner برخی کشاورزان زمین خود را از مالک اجاره می‌کنند. this house leases at a monthly rental of $600 کرایه‌ی ماهیانه‌ی این خانه 600 دلار است. * new lease on life عمر دوباره،فرصت تازه a lease expires [or runs out] ein Mietvertrag läuft aus to take out a lease einen Mietvertrag abschließen new lease of [or Am on] life neuer Auftrieb to give sth a new lease on life etw zu neuem Leben erwecken

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syndicate [ˈsindikət] ♦ noun 1 a council or number of persons who join together to manage a piece of business. اتحاديه 2 a group of newspapers under the same management. روزنامه هاي متحد arbitrage syndicate Arbitragekonsortium nt syndicate member Konsorte m noun - syndicate سندیکا: syndicate اتحادیه صنفی: trade union, syndicate verb - syndicate تشکیل اتحادیه دادن: syndicate /sin´dǝ kit, -kāt´/ n., vi., vt. ● اتحادیه،سندیکا ● سازمان فروش مقالات به روزنامه‌ها و مجلات ● (امریکا) سازمان تبهکاران (که فحشا و قمار بازی و غیره را قبضه می‌کنند) ● روزنامه‌های زنجیره‌ای (چند روزنامه متعلق به یک فرد یا سازمان) ● اتحادیه تشکیل دادن،به صورت اتحادیه درآوردن to syndicate government factories در کارخانه‌های دولتی اتحادیه درست کردن ● (مقاله و غیره) در چند روزنامه به چاپ رساندن he writes four syndicated articles per week هفته‌ای چهار مقاله‌ی چند روزنامه‌ای می‌نویسد. ● (برنامه‌ی رادیو یا تلویز

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pick pocketing = taking from another person's pockets noun - pickpocket جیب بر: pickpocket, cutpurse, dip, thief pickpocket Taschendieb(in) m (f) to be pickpocketed Opfer eines Taschendiebstahls werden noun 1 a person who steals from other people's pockets. The beggars in the city also indicate that there are thieves, pickpockets , robbers and the like lurking around. synonyms: thief , petty thief , purse-snatcher , sneak thief , cutpurse verb 1 steal from the pockets of (someone). s he stopped in New Orleans where she skillfully pickpocketed tourists

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shoplifting = taking products from a shop without paying for them shoplifting noun [ U ] UK /ˈʃɒp.lɪf.tɪŋ/ US /ˈʃɑːp.lɪf.tɪŋ/ the illegal act of taking goods from a shop without paying for them: He was charged with shoplifting. to be/be put on a charge of shoplifting wegen Ladendiebstahls angeklagt sein/werden [ˈSHäpˌliftiNG] noun - shoplifting بلند کردن جنس از مغازه: shoplifting

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traffic offences -breaking the rules of the road and driving

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jaywalking = crossing the road at an undesignated spot the action of walking across a street at a place where it is not allowed or without taking care to avoid the traffic: Jaywalking is illegal in some countries. People were being arrested for minor crimes such as jaywalking and littering. jaywalk eine Straße unachtsam [o. regelwidrig] überqueren

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penalty / punishment are synonyms but penalty is often used for both minor offences and major crimes. of or relating to punishment given by law: Many people believe that execution has no place in the penal system of a civilized society. He had been in and out of penal institutions (= prison) from the age penal servitude JUR Zuchthaus nt the penal code Strafgesetzbuch nt a penal rate of tax on tobacco eine extrem [o. empfindlich] hohe Tabaksteuer penal code the system of legal punishment of a country 1 to punish (someone) for doing something wrong (eg breaking a rule in a game), eg by the loss of points etc or by the giving of some advantage to an opponent: The child was penalized for her untidy handwriting. جریمه کردن 2 to punish (some wrong action etc ) in this way: Any attempt at cheating will be heavily penalized. تنبیه کردن ● جریمه کردن،تاوان گرفتن to penalize unlicensed drivers رانندگان بدون گواهینامه را جریمه کردن to penalize a team 10 yards for unnecessary roughness به خاطر خشونت بی‌مورد تیم را 10 یارد جریمه کردن to penalize sb [for sth] trans jdn [für etw] pönalisieren geh ● وابسته به تنبیه (به ویژه تنبیه حقوقی)،کیفری،جزایی،تنبیهی penal law قانون جزایی a penal offense تخلف کیفری ● کیفردار،دارای مجازات ● محل تنبیه،ندامتگاه،کیفرگاه a penal colony محل مجازات (تبهکاران) ● (جریمه و غیره) کمر شکن،سنگین punish, discipline, inflict a penalty on handicap, disadvantage, put at a disadvantage, cause to suffer punish

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speeding = driving over the speed limit speeding noun [ U ] UK /ˈspiː.dɪŋ/ US /ˈspiː.dɪŋ/ driving faster than is allowed in a particular area: She was fined for speeding last month. to catch sb speeding jdn beim Zuschnellfahren erwischen to be booked for speeding eine Verwarnung wegen erhöhter Geschwindigkeit bekommen she's been had up for speeding sie wurde wegen überhöhter Geschwindigkeit drangekriegt the police flagged him down for speeding die Polizei hat ihn wegen zu hoher Geschwindigkeit angehalten this year simply seems to be speeding by dieses Jahr scheint wie im Flug zu vergehen she was picked up by the police for speeding sie wurde von der Polizei wegen überhöhter Geschwindigkeit angehalten few animals survive a hit from a speeding car nur wenige Tiere überleben es, wenn sie von einem Auto angefahren werden

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vandalism = deliberate destruction or damage to a building the crime of intentionally damaging property belonging to other people: Beset by violence and vandalism, this is one of the most unpleasant areas in the city. These schools are known to be vulnerable to vandalism. any activity that is considered to be damaging or destroying something that was good: Cutting down the old forest was an act of vandalism. The advertising industry's use of classic songs is vandalism of popular culture, he said. vandalism Vandalismus m abw vandalism blinde Zerstörungswut vandalism JUR vorsätzliche [o. mutwillige] Sachbeschädigung

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crime = criminal • murder = murderer • theft = thief •trafficking = trafficker •hijacking = hijacker • terrorism = terrorist "smuggling = smuggler "shoplifting = shoplifter • vandalism = vandal • teenage criminal/ juvenile delinquent

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detention = to stay in school after hours for punishment he act of officially detaining someone: Concern has been expressed about the death in detention of a number of political prisoners. [ C or U ] a form of punishment in which children are made to stay at school for a short time after classes have ended: She's had four detentions this term. punitive detention Brit [kurzfristige] Jugendhaft fachspr to get [or have] detention Arrest bekommen current legislation provides for the detention of suspects die gegenwärtige Gesetzgebung erlaubt die Inhaftierung von Verdächtigen he's a flight risk and should be held in detention es besteht die Gefahr, dass er flüchtet, daher sollte er in polizeilichem Gewahrsam bleiben

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to give lines = punishment where a child must write the same sentence again and again isolation - to be kept apart from others, as a punishment grounding = to be unable to go outside home as a punishment scolding = an angry reprimand the act of speaking angrily to someone because you disapprove of their behaviour: He gave his son a scolding for coming home so late. corporal punishment = physical punishment from a teacher or headteacher at school

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trial = legal proceedings to judge whether someone is guilty of a crime the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter: trial proceedings Trial by jury is a fundamental right. It was a very complicated trial that went on for months. She's going on/standing trial for fraud. Ten witnesses are expected to testify at the trial today. The judge reacted angrily to the suggestion that it hadn't been a fair trial. trial [ˈtraiəl] ♦ noun 1 an act of testing or trying; a test: Give the new car a trial; The disaster was a trial of his courage. آزمایش؛ آزمون 2 a legal process by which a person is judged in a court of law: Their trial will be held next week. محاکمه 3 a (source of) trouble or anxiety: My son is a great trial (to me). مصیبت؛ دردسر trial run a rehearsal, first test etc of anything, eg a play, car, piece of machinery etc . آزمایش اولیه on trial 1 the subject of a legal action in court: She's on trial for murder. در دست دادرسی 2 undergoing tests or examination: We've had a new television installed, but it's only on trial. در دست آزمایش trial and error the trying of various methods, alternatives etc until the right one happens to appear or be found: They didn't know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and error. آزمون و خطا /trī´ǝl/ n., adj. ● آزمون،آزمایش،سنجش،امتحان،آروین a trial of each candidate's skill سنجش مهارت هر یک از نامزدها Hassan was given a trial for that job حسن را برای آن شغل آزمودند. the machine was given extensive trials under different conditions این موتور را تحت شرایط گوناگون آزمایش کردند. ● آزمایشی،امتحانی،آزمونی a trial period دوره‌ی آزمایشی a trial subscription to a magazine آبونمان امتحانی یک مجله ● مصیبت،دشواری،دردسر،سختی،مرارت،ناملایم (ناملایمات) despite all the setbacks and hard trials ... علیرغم همه‌ی ناکامی‌ها و دشواری‌های شدید ... the trials and tribulations of traveling across the African desert سختی‌ها و مشقات سفر از میان صحرای افریقا ● دادرسی،محاکمه،داد خواهی trial by jury دادرسی توسط هیئت منصفه ● کوشش،کوش،سعی * on trial 1- در دست آزمایش 2- در دست داد رسی 3- در حال گذراندن دوره‌ی آزمایشی 4- به‌طور آزمایشی trial period Probezeit f sensational trial spektakulärer Prozess speedy trial Am JUR zügige Verhandlung a prisoner awaiting trial ein Gefangener/eine Gefangene, dessen/deren Fall noch zur Verhandlung ansteht to go to trial vor Gericht gehen to be on trial (employee) auf Probe eingestellt sein a trial in chambers eine Verhandlung unter Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit to adjourn a trial einen Prozess aussetzen trial of strength Kraftprobe f a fair deal/trial ein fairer Handel/Prozess trial in camera nicht öffentliche Verhandlung trial by jury Schwurgerichtsverhandlung f internment without trial Inhaftierung f ohne Prozess committal for trial Übergabe f der Sache an eine höhere Instanz controlled experiment/trial kontrolliertes Experiment/kontrollierter Versuch to stand trial [for sth] sich Akk vor Gericht [für etw Akk ] verantworten müssen to be up for trial person vor Gericht stehen to bring sb to trial jdn vor Gericht bringen

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prosecutor = the lawyer against the accused person prosecutor noun [ C ] UK /ˈprɒs.ɪ.kjuː.tər/ US /ˈprɑː.sə.kjuː.t̬ɚ/ a legal official who accuses someone of committing a crime, especially in a law court The tape recordings provided prosecutors with the evidence they needed to prove he'd been involved in the conspiracy. a public/state prosecutor defense = the lawyer protecting the accused person

Answer 200

prosecutor = the lawyer against the accused person prosecutor noun [ C ] UK /ˈprɒs.ɪ.kjuː.tər/ US /ˈprɑː.sə.kjuː.t̬ɚ/ a legal official who accuses someone of committing a crime, especially in a law court The tape recordings provided prosecutors with the evidence they needed to prove he'd been involved in the conspiracy. a public/state prosecutor defense = the lawyer protecting the accused person

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to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind: "It wasn't my fault." "Don't worry, I'm not accusing you." He's been accused of robbery/murder. Are you accusing me of lying? The surgeon was accused of negligence. accuse [əˈkjuːz] ♦ verb (with of ) to charge (someone) with having done something wrong: They accused him of stealing the car. متهم کردن ˌaccuˈsation [ӕ-] ♦ noun . اتهام the accused the person(s) accused in a court of law: The accused was found not guilty. متهم Arianpur-OpenDictionary /ǝ kyōōz´/ vt. ● متهم کردن،اتهام وارد کردن،نسبت دادن،ملامت کردن،سرزنش کردن،مقصر دانستن accused of armed robbery متهم به دزدی مسلحانه ● تهمت زدن،بهتان زدن،نسبت دادن they accused her of laziness به او تهمت تنبلی زدند. the English accuse the Scottish of being stingy انگلیسی‌ها اسکاتلندی‌ها را خسیس می‌دانند. * the accused (حقوق) متهم،مدعی علیه،متهمان * to stand accused متهم بودن o accuse sb of perjury jdn des Meineids beschuldigen to accuse sb of bias jdm Befangenheit vorwerfen to accuse sb of wrongdoing jdm Fehlverhalten vorwerfen to accuse sb of cruelty jdn der Grausamkeit bezichtigen [o. beschuldigen] to accuse sb of self-seeking jdm Selbstsucht vorwerfen

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evidence = facts or information supporting the truth one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true: The police have found no evidence of a terrorist link with the murder. [ + to infinitive ] There is no scientific evidence to suggest that underwater births are dangerous. [ + that ] Is there any scientific evidence that a person's character is reflected in their handwriting? Several experts are to give evidence on the subject. There is only circumstantial evidence against her, so she is unlikely to be convicted. Campaigners now have compelling documentary evidence of the human rights abuses that they had been alleging for several years. Fresh evidence suggests that the statement had been fabricated. The traces of petrol found on his clothing provided the forensic evidence proving that he had started the fire deliberately. All the evidence points to a substantial rise in traffic over the next few years. There is growing/mounting/increasing evidence that people whose diets are rich in vitamins are less likely to develop some types of cancer. strong evidence schlagender Beweis further evidence weitere Anhaltspunkte documentary evidence dokumentarische Beweise oral evidence mündliche Aussage written evidence schriftliches Beweismaterial fresh evidence neues Beweismaterial State's evidence Am Aussage f eines Staatszeugen [o. Belastungszeugen] indirect evidence indirekter Beweis

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•hearsay = rumour / unsubstantiated information hearsay noun [ U ] UK /ˈhɪə.seɪ/ US /ˈhɪr.seɪ/ information that you have heard but do not know to be true: The evidence against them is all hearsay. an unofficial interesting story or piece of news that might be true or invented, and quickly spreads from person to person: Rumours are going round (the school) about Mr Mason and his assistant. [ + that ] She's circulating/spreading rumours that the manager is going to resign. I heard a rumour that she'd been seeing Luke Harrison. Rumour has it (that) you're going to be the next managing director. Is it true? the rumour goes that ... es geht das Gerücht, dass ... rumour has it [that] ... es geht das Gerücht um, dass ... to stop a rumour einem Gerücht ein Ende machen the rumour remained unfulfilled das Gerücht hat sich nicht bewahrheitet to spread a rumour ein Gerücht verbreiten to broadcast a rumour ein Gerücht [überall] verbreiten to disavow a rumour ein Gerücht ableugnen to squash a rumour ein Gerücht aus der Welt schaffen to originate a rumour ein Gerücht in die Welt setzen a rumour has surfaced that ... es ist das Gerücht aufgetreten, dass ... to follow up a rumour einem Gerücht nachgehen to confirm/deny a rumour ein Gerücht bestätigen/dementieren to scotch a rumour [or Am rumor] ein Gerücht aus der Welt schaffen to plant a rumour [or Am rumor] ein Gerücht in die Welt setzen the rumour ran through the town das Gerücht ging in der Stadt um the rumour resounded through the whole world das Gerücht ging um die ganze Welt there is a rumour abroad that ... es geht [o. kursiert] das Gerücht, dass ... there is a rumour afloat that ... es geht das Gerücht [um], dass ... to circulate [or spread] a rumour that ... das Gerücht verbreiten, dass ... I think the rumour originated with Janet ich glaube, Janet hat das Gerücht in die Welt gesetzt

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• innocent = found not guilty of a crime (of a person) not guilty of a particular crime: He firmly believes that she is innocent of the crime. innocent bystander Unbeteiligte(r) f(m) to be presumed innocent als unschuldig gelten to be an innocent naiv [o. unbedarft] sein an innocent victim ein unschuldiges Opfer an innocent mistake ein unbeabsichtigter Fehler an innocent substance ein harmloser Stoff an innocent bystander ein unbeteiligter Passant/eine unbeteiligte Passantin to plead not guilty [or innocent] sich Akk für nicht schuldig erklären to be found guilty = the court decided that the person did commit the crime

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conviction / verdict = formal sentence of a court the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty: Since it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence. He has a long record of previous convictions for similar offences. The conviction of the three demonstrators has caused public outrage locally. /kǝn vik´shǝn/ n. ● محکومیت،گناه،مجرمیت،اثبات تقصیر،گناهکار شناسی،دادباختگی his conviction was upheld by a higher court محکومیت او توسط دادگاه بالاتری مورد تایید قرار گرفت. ● اعتقاد راسخ،عقیده‌ی محکم an unshakable conviction اعتقاد خلل ناپذیر ● مجاب شدگی،یقین،پی‌بردگی (به حقانیت عقیده یا استدلالی)،ایقان he spoke with conviction او از روی عقیده حرف می‌زد. ● (مهجور) مجاب‌سازی * carry conviction جدی بودن،باور کردنی بودن the threat of a strike does not carry conviction تهدید به اعتصاب جدی به نظر نمی‌رسید. strong conviction feste Überzeugung without conviction ohne Überzeugung prior conviction JUR Vorstrafe f unsafe conviction unhaltbares Urteil nt previous conviction Vorstrafe f by conviction überzeugt to overturn a conviction eine Verurteilung aufheben a socialist by conviction ein überzeugter Sozialist/eine überzeugte Sozialistin

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circumstances of the crime = a condition or situation relating to a crime "extenuating circumstances = a condition that makes the crime or mistake less to allow extenuating circumstances mildernde Umstände zubilligen verdict of guilty [with extenuating circumstances] Schuldspruch m [mit mildernden Umständen] causing a wrong act to be judged less seriously by giving reasons for it: She was found guilty of theft, but because of extenuating circumstances was not sent to prison. The lack of other options was an extenuating factor. verb 1 make (guilt or an offense) seem less serious or more forgivable. there were extenuating circumstances that caused me to say the things I did synonyms: mitigating , excusing , exonerative , palliative , justifying , justificatory , vindicating , exculpatory , excuse , mitigate , palliate , make allowances for , make excuses for , defend , vindicate , justify , diminish , lessen , moderate , qualify , play down 2 make (someone) thin. drawings of extenuated figures

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maximum / minimum sentence = highest penalty / lowest penalty •take into consideration - should be thought about carefully circumstantial evidence = something that connects a person indirectly to the crime (for example, a finger print at a crime scene but no actual hard evidence or witness)

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lucrative [ˈluːkrətiv] ♦ adjective (of a job etc ) bringing in a lot of money; profitable. پر منفعت (especially of a business, job, or activity) producing a lot of money: The merger proved to be very lucrative for both companies. Synonyms profitableremunerative formal Opposite unprofitable Compare profitable Keen to preserve his artistic integrity, he refused several lucrative Hollywood offers. A series of impressive manoeuvres by the chairman had secured a lucrative contract for the company. It is relatively easy for newcomers to pick off the most lucrative business and ignore the rest. She advised us to look abroad for more lucrative business ventures. The childcare business is not very lucrative. [ˈlo͞okrətiv] adjective - lucrative پرمنفعت: lucrative, beneficial سودمند: useful, beneficial, handy, advantageous, lucrative, good نافع: beneficial, lucrative, advantageous adj. ● سود آور،پر سود،پر درآمد،پر منفعت،پول‌ساز a lucrative investment سرمایه گذاری سود آور

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extremely beautiful or attractive: a stunning dress a stunning view over the bay of Saint Tropez Both daughters are absolutely stunning. She looked stunning in that red dress. The view from our room is stunning. He makes the most stunning evening dresses. He's taken some stunning photos of her. stunning view toller Ausblick ugs stunning dress hinreißendes [o. umwerfendes] Kleid to look stunning umwerfend aussehen a stunning blow/punch/left hook ein betäubender Schlag/Faustschlag/linker Haken

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to defund sb Am jdm die Finanzierung entziehen to defund sb Am jdn nicht weiter finanziell unterstützen to stop providing money or as much money to pay for something: She opposes any proposal to defund US troops. For years, community groups have advocated for defunding law enforcement – taking money away from police and prisons – and reinvesting those funds in services. By "defund the police" we mean to reduce police department budgets and redistribute those funds towards underfunded services such as housing, education, and mental health support. He rejected proposals in Congress to defund the war or to immediately withdraw troops. We will resist this effort to cripple, dismantle, devalue and defund public housing. The president has now defunded the United Nations Population Fund three years in a row.

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turnaround time Wartezeit f (eines Flugzeugs am Boden zwischen zwei Flügen turnaround (improvement) Wende f turnaround (improvement) Umschwung m turnaround of health Besserung f turnaround of company Aufschwung m turnaround (sudden reversal) Kehrtwendung f turnaround noun [ C usually sing ] US /ˈtɜrn·əˌrɑʊnd/ a positive change; improvement: Business was up over 40% in a dramatic turnaround from last year. the amount of time that it takes for a piece of work to be done, a product to be supplied, etc.: Management examined ways to speed up turnaround. a big change that turns a bad situation into a good one: The insurance group's focus on new products played a big part in its turnaround. a turnaround in sth The greatest turnaround in market conditions has been seen in the South East. a turnaround plan/programme/strategy The troubled insurer announced a turnaround plan to rescue the business. 🤣 turnabout noun [ C ] UK /ˈtɜːn.ə.baʊt/ US /ˈtɝːn.ə.baʊt/ a complete change from one situation or condition to its opposite: How did the candidate explain the dramatic turnabout in his views on immigration?

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announce [əˈnauns] ♦ verb 1 to make known publicly: Mary and John have announced their engagement. اعلام کردن 2 to make known the arrival or entrance of: He announced the next singer. به اطلاع رساندن؛ از ورود کسی خبر دادن anˈnouncement ♦ noun an important announcement. اطلاعیه؛ اعلامیه anˈnouncer ♦ noun a person who introduces programmes or reads the news on radio or television. گوینده /ǝ nouns´/ vi., vt. ● اعلام کردن،آگهی دادن،آگهیدن،جار زدن،شنوانیدن،به اطلاع رساندن the prime minister announced his resignation نخست وزیر استعفای خود را اعلام کرد. he announced to those present that he would soon get married به حضار اعلام کرد که بزودی ازدواج خواهد کرد. footsteps announced his return صدای پا از بازگشت وی خبر داد. ● (با for) نامزدی خود را (برای انتخابات و شغل و غیره) اعلام کردن he announced for the senate او نامزدی خود را برای سنا اعلام کرد. ● (رادیو و تلویزیون) گوینده بودن،گویندگی کردن every night he announces the news on radio او هر شب از رادیو اخبار می‌گوید. [əˈnouns] verb - announce اگهی دادن: advertise, announce اعلان کردن: proclaim, announce, advertise, declare, give out اخطار کردن: announce, notify, previse خبر دادن: advise, announce, give notice, inform, send word, warn انتشار دادن: issue, advertise, announce, promulgate, propagate اشکار کردن: unfold, reveal, air, announce, bare, disclose مدرک دادن: announce announce verb [ T ] UK /əˈnaʊns/ US /əˈnaʊns/ to announce sth [to sb] [jdm] etw bekanntgeben [o. anzeigen] to announce sth result etw verkünden to announce that ... bekanntgeben, dass ... to make something known or tell people about something officially: They announced the death of their mother in the local paper. She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience. [ + that ] The prime minister has announced that public spending will be increased next year. It gives us great pleasure to announce the engagement of our daughter Maria. British Airways regret to announce the cancellation of flight BA205 to Madrid. The minister has announced that there will be no change in government policy. My sister surprised everyone by announcing she was leaving her job. The company announced a pre-tax loss of three million pounds. to announce the day's detail den Tagesbefehl ausgeben to announce the engagement of sb jds Verlobung verkündigen we joyfully announce the birth of our son wir freuen uns, die Geburt unseres Sohnes bekanntzugeben it gives me great pleasure to announce the winner es ist mir eine große Freude, den Sieger anzukündigen the airline regrets to announce the cancellation of flight BA 205 to Madrid die Fluggesellschaft bedauert, die Streichung des Fluges BA 205 nach Madrid bekanntgeben zu müssen it gives us great pleasure to announce the engagement of our daughter es ist uns eine große Freude, die Verlobung unserer Tochter bekanntzugeben

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a person who is elected or chosen to lead the group who governs a town or city Compare mayoress Examples The prime minister met many civic leaders, including the mayor and the leaders of the immigrant communities. We need a mayor who is tough enough to clean up this town. The mayor has promised to cleanse the city of drug dealers . The mayor and the city council are anxious to avoid getting entangled in the controversy. They were flattered to be invited to dinner by the mayor. city mayor Oberbürgermeister(in) m (f) in my function as mayor [in meiner Eigenschaft] als Bürgermeister he outstayed his welcome as Mayor er war zu lange Bürgermeister to instal sb as archbishop/mayor jdn als Erzbischof/Bürgermeister in sein Amt einführen

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C1 a person who is chosen to speak officially for a group or organization: A spokesperson for the airline said that flights would run as scheduled. Compare representative nounspokesmanspokeswoman official spokesperson offizieller Sprecher/offizielle Sprecherin

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the force or action of one object hitting another: The impact of the crash reduced the car to a third of its original length. The bullet explodes on impact (= when it hits another object). a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person: The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people. The new proposals were intended to soften the impact of the reformed tax system. More examples The increase in the number of young people leaving to work in the cities has had a dramatic impact on the demography of the villages. This decision will have a disastrous impact on foreign policy. The report concluded that business pressure on the government had muffled the impact of the legislation. The tax on fuel will not have a serious impact on the better-off. The book discusses the impact of Christian thinking on western society.

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the force or action of one object hitting another: The impact of the crash reduced the car to a third of its original length. The bullet explodes on impact (= when it hits another object). a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person: The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people. The new proposals were intended to soften the impact of the reformed tax system. impact [ˈimpӕkt] ♦ noun 1 (the force of) one object etc hitting against another: The bomb exploded on impact. ضربه 2 a strong effect or impression: The film had quite an impact on television viewers. تأ ثیر ● (سخت) به هم فشردن،درهم چپاندن،(درهم) گیر انداختن a substance impacted in the upper intestine ماده‌ای که در روده‌ی فوقانی گیر کرده the mule lay impacted in the mud قاطر دراز به دراز در گل گیر افتاده بود. ● (عامیانه) اثر داشتن،اثر کردن،کارساز بودن،کارگر شدن the war did not impact upon me until my father was killed جنگ بر من اثری نداشت تا اینکه پدرم کشته شد. how will misery impact on such a poet? بدبختی چه تاءثیری بر چنین شاعری خواهد داشت‌؟ ● اثر،تاءثیر،هنایش،گرش،درآیش music enhanced the impact of that scene موسیقی اثر آن صحنه را بیشتر کرد. the war's impact on commerce اثر جنگ بر بازرگانی the book has a deep and immediate impact on the reader آن کتاب خواننده را تحت تاءثیر ژرف و فوری قرار می‌دهد. ● (به شدت) زدن،(به هم) کوفتن ● تصادم،برخورد،اصابت،کوست،هم کوب،ضربه،هم کوبی the bomb exploded on impact بمب به مجرد اصابت منفجر شد. the sand reduced the violence of the impact شن شدت ضربه را کاهش داد. the point of impact نقطه‌ی اصابت،کوستگاه ● گرفتگی،انباشتگی * have an impact on (upon) اثر داشتن بر،تحت تاـثیر قرار دادن More examples The increase in the number of young people leaving to work in the cities has had a dramatic impact on the demography of the villages. This decision will have a disastrous impact on foreign policy. The report concluded that business pressure on the government had muffled the impact of the legislation. The tax on fuel will not have a serious impact on the better-off. The book discusses the impact of Christian thinking on western society.

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reverse verb UK /rɪˈvɜːs/ US /rɪˈvɝːs/ reverse verb (CHANGE TO OPPOSITE) C1 [ T ] to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite: The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes. Now that you have a job and I don't, our situations are reversed. The Court of Appeal reversed the earlier judgment. More examples There is pressure on the council to reverse its decision. He reversed into a lamppost and damaged the back of the car. They claim the product can reverse the signs of ageing. To complete the test he had to reverse the vehicle into a parking space. The court's ruling reverses the original judgment. reverse camber [Straßen]wölbung f reverse direction entgegengesetzte Richtung to reverse the charges ein R-Gespräch führen to reverse a coat eine Jacke wenden to go into reverse übtr rückläufig sein to reverse a judgement JUR ein Urteil aufheben to reverse a vasectomy MED eine Vasektomie rückgängig machen to suffer a reverse eine Niederlage erleiden no, quite the reverse! nein, ganz im Gegenteil! to reverse a judgment ein Urteil aufheben to shift into reverse den Rückwärtsgang einlegen a damaging reverse eine vernichtende Niederlage positive [or reverse] discrimination Begünstigung f benachteiligter Schichten to do sth in reverse etw umgekehrt tun to go into reverse gear den Rückwärtsgang einlegen to reverse a car/truck mit einem Auto/Lkw rückwärtsfahren in alphabetical/chronological/reverse order in alphabetischer/chronologischer/umgekehrter Reihenfolge

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1. a way of doing things: The rebel army behaved in a brutal fashion. after a fashion mainly UK If you can do something after a fashion, you can do it, but not well: I can cook, after a fashion. During the bomb scare, the customers were asked to proceed in an orderly fashion out of the shop. He gets on with things in his own peculiar fashion. Charles picked at his food in a bored fashion. The developers dealt with the problem in the time-honoured fashion, burying the industrial waste in landfill sites. Paul, in typically rude fashion, told him he was talking rubbish. 2. a style that is popular at a particular time, especially in clothes, hair, make-up, etc.: Long hair is back in fashion for men. Fur coats have gone out of fashion. a programme with features on sport and fashion She always wears the latest fashions. Italian fashion die italienische Mode[branche] slow fashion Slow Fashion (nachhaltig produzierte Mode, die auf Langlebigkeit setzt) f fast fashion Wegwerfmode f fashion mag Modeblatt nt ugs out of fashion [or style] aus der Mode to be in fashion in Mode [o. modern] sein to exemplify a fashion eine Mode darstellen the world of fashion die Modewelt to be the fashion schick [o. Mode] sein ugs shipshape and Bristol fashion! Brit dated in tadellosem Zustand the latest craze [or fashion] der letzte Schrei ugs the vagaries of fashion die Launen pl der Mode to come into fashion in Mode kommen a whim of fashion ein Modetrend m in a jocular fashion im Spaß to resurrect a fashion eine Mode wiederbeleben the fashion set die Modefreaks pl sl plus-size fashion label Modellabel, das sich auf Übergrößen spezialisiert hat

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1. a way of doing things: The rebel army behaved in a brutal fashion. after a fashion mainly UK If you can do something after a fashion, you can do it, but not well: I can cook, after a fashion. During the bomb scare, the customers were asked to proceed in an orderly fashion out of the shop. He gets on with things in his own peculiar fashion. Charles picked at his food in a bored fashion. The developers dealt with the problem in the time-honoured fashion, burying the industrial waste in landfill sites. Paul, in typically rude fashion, told him he was talking rubbish. 2. a style that is popular at a particular time, especially in clothes, hair, make-up, etc.: Long hair is back in fashion for men. Fur coats have gone out of fashion. a programme with features on sport and fashion She always wears the latest fashions. Italian fashion die italienische Mode[branche] slow fashion Slow Fashion (nachhaltig produzierte Mode, die auf Langlebigkeit setzt) f fast fashion Wegwerfmode f fashion mag Modeblatt nt ugs out of fashion [or style] aus der Mode to be in fashion in Mode [o. modern] sein to exemplify a fashion eine Mode darstellen the world of fashion die Modewelt to be the fashion schick [o. Mode] sein ugs shipshape and Bristol fashion! Brit dated in tadellosem Zustand the latest craze [or fashion] der letzte Schrei ugs the vagaries of fashion die Launen pl der Mode to come into fashion in Mode kommen a whim of fashion ein Modetrend m in a jocular fashion im Spaß to resurrect a fashion eine Mode wiederbeleben the fashion set die Modefreaks pl sl plus-size fashion label Modellabel, das sich auf Übergrößen spezialisiert hat

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nevertheless adverb UK /ˌnev.ə.ðəˈles/ US /ˌnev.ɚ.ðəˈles/ (also nonetheless) B2 despite what has just been said or referred to: I knew a lot about the subject already, but her talk was interesting nevertheless. Synonyms howeverstill yet More examples The two rivals were nevertheless united by the freemasonry of the acting profession. Much-maligned for their derivative style, the band are nevertheless enduringly popular. Nevertheless, accidents still occur. "Nevertheless" is commonly used as a conjunctive adverb. The building is guarded around the clock, but robberies occur nevertheless. nevertheless trotzdem nevertheless dennoch nevertheless nichtsdestoweniger I disagreed with everything she said but she's a very good speaker nevertheless ich stimmte ihr in keinem Punkt zu, aber sie ist trotz allem eine gute Rednerin

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the fact of being responsible for what you do and able to give a satisfactory reason for it, or the degree to which this happens: There were furious demands for greater police accountability. Accountability is important these days, and managers aren't always willing to adopt risky strategies. See accountable More examples Citizens must demand accountability from their leaders. The main way of ensuring public accountability is through select committees. The new command structure will have a higher degree of accountability. accountability to Verantwortlichkeit f gegenüber +Dat accountability HANDEL Rechenschaftspflicht f to demand accountability of sb for sth verlangen, dass jd Rechenschaft über etw (akk) ablegt

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to punctuate sth etw mit Satzzeichen versehen [o. fachspr interpunktieren] 2. punctuate übtr form (accentuate): to punctuate sth etw unterstreichen [o. betonen] übtr punctuate [ˈpaŋktʃueit] ♦ verb to divide up sentences etc by commas, full stops, colons etc . نقطه گذاری کردن punctuation ♦ noun 1 the act of punctuating. تقطه گذاری 2 the use of punctuation marks. نشانه گذاری punctuation mark any of the symbols used for punctuating, eg comma, full stop, question mark etc . نشانه های نقطه گذاری /puŋk´chōō āt´/ vt., vi. ● (دستور زبان) نقطه گذاری کردن ● (صحبت یا عمل و غیره را) قطع کردن his speech was regularly punctuated by the clapping of the audience کف زدن حضار مرتبا نطق او را قطع می‌کرد. ● مورد تاکید قرار دادن،موکد کردن،مشدد کردن

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explicative : swear word to explicate sth etw ausführen to explain something in detail, especially a piece of writing or an idea: This is a book which clearly explicates Marx's later writings.

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reign [rein] ♦ noun the time during which a king or queen rules: in the reign of Queen Victoria. دوران سلطنت ♦ verb 1 to rule, as a king or queen: The king reigned (over his people) for forty years. فرمنروایی کردن؛ حکفرمایی کردن 2 to be present or exist: Silence reigned at last. حکفرما بودن ● سلطنت،پادشاهی during the reign of Anooshirvan در دوران پادشاهی انوشیروان ● 2 - چیرگی،سلطه،تسلط،حکومت،حکمروایی the reign of common sense and of good will چیرگی عقل سلیم و حسن نیت ● 3 - دوران پادشاهی،دوران سلطنت during the twentieth year of his reign در بیستمین سال سلطنت او ● 4 - سلطنت کردن،پادشاهی کردن he reigned for thirty years او سی سال سلطنت کرد. the British monarch reigns but does not rule پادشاه انگلیس سلطنت می‌کند ولی حکومت نمی‌کند. ● 5 - چیره شدن یا بودن،فرمانروایی کردن،حاکم بودن،حکومت کردن where justice reigns strife seldom enters آنجا که عدالت حاکم است کشمکش به ندرت راه می یابد. now that peace reigns over the night اکنون که آرامش بر شب حکفرماست to reign supreme absolut herrschen reign of terror Terrorherrschaft f these buildings antedate his reign diese Gebäude stammen aus der Zeit vor seiner Herrschaft to reign over a country ein Land regieren the reign of Henry VIII die Herrschaft Heinrichs VIII. during the reign of Queen Victoria unter der Herrschaft von Königin Victoria the Terror [or the Reign of Terror ] Schreckensherrschaft f

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enˈfôrsmənt] noun - enforcement اجراء: implement, enforcement, fulfillment, ministration, fulfilment انجام: performance, implementation, implement, fulfillment, accomplishment, enforcement فشار: pressure, compression, press, push, stress, enforcement enforcement noun [ U ] UK /ɪnˈfɔːs.mənt/ US /ɪnˈfɔːrs.mənt/ the process of making people obey a law or rule, or making a particular situation happen or be accepted: Voters support the enforcement of immigration laws. See enforce See also law enforcement More examples Enforcement is only part of the strategy when it comes to tackling drug crime. Enforcement of such rules has proven difficult. It's not about new laws, but enforcement of the laws we have. The court has no enforcement powers. compulsory enforcement JUR Zwangsverwertung f peace enforcement troop Friedenstruppe f there is strict enforcement of the regulations here hier wird streng auf die Einhaltung der Vorschriften geachtet in most countries law enforcement is in the hands of the police in den meisten Ländern ist es Aufgabe der Polizei, für die Einhaltung der Gesetze zu sorgen

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1. to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen: The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend. Your health is determined in part by what you eat. Eye colour is genetically determined. [ + question word ] formal Officials will determine whether or not the game will be played. People should be allowed to determine their own future. 2. to make a strong decision: [ + that ] She determined that one day she would be an actor. [ + to infinitive ] On leaving jail, Joe determined to reform. Genes determine how we develop from the moment the sperm fuses with the egg. The economy is regarded as the decisive/key factor which will determine the outcome of the general election. The success of the event will be determined by the vagaries of the weather. People want to determine their own destinies. The amount of money the bank is willing to lend is determined by the value of the property. 3. to discover the facts or truth about something: The police never actually determined the cause of death. [ + question word ] It is the responsibility of the court to determine whether these men are innocent. [ + that ] The jury determined that the men were guilty. to determine the cause of sth den Grund einer S. Gen herausfinden to determine sb to do sth jdn veranlassen, etw zu tun to control [or determine] [or take charge of] one's destiny sein Schicksal lenken [o. bestimmen] determine [diˈtəːmin] ♦ verb 1 to fix or settle; to decide: He determined his course of action. معیین کردن؛ مشخص کردن 2 to find out exactly: He tried to determine what had gone wrong. دقیقاً مشخص کردن؛ معلوم کردن deˌtermiˈnation ♦ noun 1 firmness of character or stubbornness: She showed her determination by refusing to give way. عزم راسخ؛ ارادۀ محکم 2 the act of determining. تعیین؛ معیین سازی deˈtermined ♦ adjective 1 having one's mind made up: She is determined to succeed. مصمم؛ قاطع 2 stubborn: He's very determined. سمج؛ قد 3 fixed or settled: Our route has already been determined. مشخص؛ معیین /dē tu_r´mǝn, di-/ vt., vi. ● تعیین کردن،معین کردن،مشخص کردن،گماردن،دانسته کردن،معلوم کردن،پیش‌گذاشت کردن we must determine the cause of this disease ما باید علت این بیماری را معلوم کنیم. the date of the next meeting will be determined tomorrow تاریخ جلسه‌ی بعدی فردا تعیین خواهد شد. the central bank determines the amount of money in circulation بانک مرکزی میزان پول در گردش را معین می‌کند. ● حکم قطعی دادن،(به طور قطعی) داوری کردن،رای قطعی صادر کردن،مورد مطالعه و نظردهی قرار دادن،نظر نهایی دادن، the U.S. Surgeon General has determined that cigarette smoking can be hazardous to your health مدیر کل بهداری امریکا نظر داده است که کشیدن سیگار ممکن است برای سلامتی مضر باشد. the judge will determine his fate قاضی سرنوشت او را تعیین خواهد کرد. ● ماهیت چیزی را تعیین کردن،پیش‌گمار کردن genes also determine height and looks ژن‌ها قد و قیافه را هم تعیین می‌کنند. ● (دقیقا) محاسبه کردن،برآورد کردن،به تحقیق معلوم کردن to determine a ship's position مکان کشتی را تعیین کردن ● (حقوق) به پایان رسیدن یا رساندن،سلب کردن یا شدن ● تصمیم گرفتن،اراده کردن when he really determines to do something, he does it وقتی واقعا اراده به انجام کاری بکند آن را انجام می‌دهد. * determine on (or upon) something (در مورد چیزی) تصمیم قطعی گرفتن،کمر همت بستن * determine somebody against something کسی را برضد چیزی (یا در رد چیزی) مصمم کردن their behavior determined Pari against going to their house again رفتار آنان پری را مصمم کرد که دیگر به خانه‌ی آنها نرود.

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skyrocket verb [ I ] UK /ˈskaɪˌrɒk.ɪt/ US /ˈskaɪˌrɑː.kɪt/ to rise extremely quickly or make extremely quick progress towards success: Housing prices have skyrocketed in recent months. The value of their business skyrocketed last year.

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homicide [ˈhomisaid] ♦ noun the killing of one person by another: He has been found guilty of homicide. آدم كشی ˌhomiˈcidal ♦ adjective . وابسته به آدم كشی (an act of) murder: He was convicted of homicide. The number of homicides in the city has risen sharply. v [ U ] He was convicted of homicide.

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B1 to (make something) become larger in amount or size: Incidents of armed robbery have increased over the last few years. The cost of the project has increased dramatically/significantly since it began. Gradually increase the temperature to boiling point. Increased/Increasing efforts are being made to end the dispute. Compare decrease verb Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples to increase increaseWe need to increase production to meet demand. growThe number of people living alone grows each year. risePrices rose by 10 per cent. go upHouse prices keep going up. escalateCrime in the city has escalated in recent weeks. We need to increase public awareness of the disease. Our main aim is to increase sales by 12% this year. Studies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases. Students do find that their workload increases throughout the course. Life expectancy in Europe has increased greatly in the 20th century.

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Property crime Property crime is a category of crime, usually involving private property, that includes, among other crimes, burglary, larceny, theft, motor vehicle theft, arson, shoplifting, and vandalism. Property crime is a crime to obtain money, property, or some other benefit. property [ˈpropəti]– plural ˈproperties – ♦ noun 1 something that a person owns: These books are my property. دارایی 2 land or buildings that a person owns: He has property in Scotland. ملک 3 a quality (usually of a substance): Hardness is a property of diamonds. ویژگی 4 (usually abbreviated to prop [prop]) a small piece of furniture or an article used by an actor in a play. وسایل صحنه präp´ǝr tē/ n., pl. ● مالکیت،کدیوری property in land مالکیت زمین ● (کتاب و فیلم و غیره) حق مالکیت،حقوق نویسنده (یا صاحب اثر)،حق نشر ● دارایی (به ویژه زمین و ساختمان)،ملک،مایملک،زمین،ضیاع،عقار،مکنت،متعلقه،مال this car is my property این اتومبیل مال من است. she sold her property in Tabriz او ملک خود در تبریز را فروخت. stolen property مال سرقت شده private property ملک خصوصی common property ملک مشترک ● ویژگی،خصوصیت،خاصیت،مشخصه،خصلت،فروزه،خصیصه the properties of this drug خواص این دارو the alkaline properties of Amonia ویژگی‌های آلکالینی (قلیایی) آمونیاک healing properties attributed to garlic خاصیت‌های شفابخشی که به سیر نسبت داده می‌شود ● (فلسفه و منطق) عرض خاص،خاصه ● (تئاتر) وسایل صحنه (به‌جز جامه و پساویز صحنه)

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decline [diˈklain] ♦ verb 1 to say `no' to (an invitation etc ); to refuse: We declined his offer of a lift. رد کردن؛ خودداری کردن 2 to become less strong or less good etc : His health has declined recently; Our profits have temporarily declined. کم شدن؛ کاهش یافتن ♦ noun a gradual lessening or worsening (of health, standards, quantity etc ): There has been a gradual decline in the birthrate. کاهش؛ زوال /dē klīn´, di-/ n., vt., vi. to gradually become less, worse, or lower: His interest in the project declined after his wife died. The party's popularity has declined in the opinion polls. formal The land declines sharply away from the house. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples to become smaller or less decrease The tests show that the tumour has decreased in size since we started treatment. lessenA healthy diet lessens your risk for cardiovascular disease. lowerThey've just lowered the age at which you can join. reduceThey've just reduced the price. bring downThey are bringing down their prices. dropStock prices dropped today after the company's announcement. The latest opinion poll shows that the president's popularity has declined. Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales. The levels of trade union and political activism in this country have greatly declined in the past 15 years. Her popularity has declined since her triumphal return from exile two years ago. Their economy has expanded enormously, while ours, by/in contrast, has declined. ● سرازیر شدن،فرورفتن،فروپیچیدن،(به سوی پایین) خمیدن،خماندن ● سرازیری،خمش،خمیدگی (به سوی پایین)،شیب،نشیب the path declines to the lake راه به سوی دریاچه شیب دارد. ● افول کردن،فروشدن the sun declines in the west خورشید در باختر افول می‌کند. ● به پایان نزدیک شدن،رو به اتمام گذاشتن the day is declining روز در حال پایان است. ● (سلامتی یا نیرو یا ارزش و غیره) کم شدن،کاهش یافتن،نزول کردن،تقلیل یافتن،کاهیدن her health is declining سلامتی او رو به کاستی است. their number is declining تعداد آنها در حال تقلیل است. the value of gold has declined considerably ارزش طلا به طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای نزول کرده است. ● (اخلاقیات و غیره) پست شدن ● (مودبانه) رد کردن،خودداری کردن he declined to answer او از پاسخ دادن خودداری کرد. I declined their invitation من دعوت آنها را رد کردم. ● (دستور زبان) صرف کردن ● کاهش،نزول،کاستی a decline in the value of the dollar کاهش ارزش دلار ● فساد،زوال،انحطاط،دوران افول the decline and fall of the Roman Empire زوال و سقوط امپراطوری روم ● از دست دادن (سلامتی)،فرتوتی،میرایی،میرندگی her health is in decline سلامتی او رو به کاهش است. ● بخش پایانی،بخش نهایی the decline of life دوران آخر زندگانی،ایام آخر عمر ● (قدیمی) بیماری نحیف کننده * in decline در حال کاهش،رو به کاهش،در حال نقصان the city's population is in decline جمعیت شهر رو به کاهش است. * into decline به زوال،در حال زوال،رو به ناتوانی the automobile industry fell into decline صنعت اتومبیل‌سازی دچار زوال شد. * on the decline روبه ضعف،روبه ناتوانی،رو به نقصان

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larceny: crimes involving theft stealing, especially (in the US) the crime of taking something that does not belong to you, without illegally entering a building to do so Synonyms theftthieving formal

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petty theft : minor acts of theft that didn´t involve valuable objects petty [ˈpeti] ♦ adjective 1 of very little importance; trivial: petty details. کم اهمیت؛ ناچیز 2 deliberately nasty for a foolish or trivial reason: petty behaviour. کوته فکر ˈpettily ♦ adverb . تنگ نظرانه ˈpettiness ♦ noun . کوته نظری petty cash money used for small, everyday expenses in an office etc . پول صندوق pet´ē/ adj. ● کم اهمیت،ناچیز،جزئی،پیش پا افتاده،خرده پا،خرد،جز compared to those of Bangladesh, our problems are petty در مقایسه با مسائل بنگلادش مسایل ما جزئی است. petty amounts مبالغ ناچیز petty details جزئیات پیش پا افتاده petty disagreements اختلاف نظرهای کم اهمیت ● فرعی،کم اندازه،به مقیاس کم،اندک،کوچک،حقیر،فسقلی an agrarian society of petty producers یک جامعه‌ی کشاورزی دارای تولید کنندگان کوچک Greece was divided into a crowd of petty states یونان به تعدادی ایالات کوچک تقسیم شد. the petty principles which separate us اصول فرعی که ما را از هم جدا می‌کند literary giants beside whom we appear petty غول‌های ادبی که در کنار آنان ما فسقلی به نظر می‌رسیم ● کوته نظر،چشم تنگ،کوته‌اندیش،کوته فکر he was a petty, vindictive man مردی کوته فکر و انتقام‌جو بود. ● تنگ نظرانه،کوته فکرانه the petty cruelties of men towards one another ستمگری‌های کوته نظرانه‌ی انسان‌ها نسبت به یکدیگر ● بیهوده،عبث [ˈpetē] adjective - petty کوچک: small, little, tiny, short, miniature, petty خرد: small, minor, petty, little, tiny, pimping جزئي: partial, little, minute, retail, negligible, petty غیر قابل ملاحظه: unconsidered, petty, unimportant فرعی: subsidiary, secondary, ancillary, accessory, subordinate, petty

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a person who lives or has their home in a place: a resident of the UK/Australia The local residents were angry at the lack of parking spaces. The hotel bar was only open to residents (= to people staying at the hotel). More examples He entered the United States in 1988 as a permanent resident because of his marriage to a U.S. citizen. Most local residents strenuously object to the building proposals. This pool is for the use of hotel residents only. Do these parking restrictions cover residents as well as visitors? All the furniture is the work of residents here. resident [ˈrezidənt] ♦ noun a person who lives or has his home in a particular place: a resident of Edinburgh. مقیم ♦ adjective 1 living or having one's home in a place: He is now resident abroad. ساکن 2 living, having to live, or requiring a person to live, in the place where he works: a resident caretaker. ساکن در محل reside [rəˈzaid] ♦ verb to live or have one's home in a place: He now resides abroad. اقامت داشتن یا کردن ˈresidence ♦ noun 1 a person's home, especially the grand house of someone important. کاخ؛ خانه بزرگ 2 the act of living in a place, or the time of this: during his residence in Spain. طی ˈresidency– plural ˈresidencies – ♦ noun the home of the governor etc in a colony etc . محل اقامت نماینده دولت ˌresiˈdential [-ˈdenʃəl] ♦ adjective 1 (of an area of a town etc ) containing houses rather than offices, shops etc : This district is mainly residential; a residential neighbourhood/area. مسکونی 2 requiring a person to live in the place where he works: a residential post. وابسته به ساکنان دائم 3 of, concerned with, living in a place. اقامتی ˈresidence hall ♦ noun (American dormitory ) a building with rooms for university students to live in. خوابگاه شبانه روزی in residence (especially of someone important) staying in a place, sometimes to perform some official duties: The Queen is in residence here this week. اقامت داشتن take up residence to go and live (in a place, building etc ): He has taken up residence in France. اقامت داشتن

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a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent: The angry mob outside the jail was/were ready to riot. a lynch mob 50 people were killed in three days of mob violence. [ C ] informal a group of people who are friends or who are similar in some way: The usual mob was/were hanging out at the bar. [ S ] informal an organization of criminals: a New York mob leader English to Persian for English Learners US UK AU mob [mob] ♦ noun a noisy, violent or disorderly crowd of people: He was attacked by an angry mob. جمعیت ♦ verb– past tense, past participle mobbed – (of a crowd) to surround and push about in a disorderly way: The singer was mobbed by a huge crowd of his fans. ازدحام کردن /mäb/ n., vt. ● مردم عادی،عوام الناس،خلق الله،توده‌ی مردم the use of superstition for the purpose of intimidating the mob استفاده از خرافات برای ایجاد واهمه میان توده‌ها ● مردم بی سروپا،اراذل و اوباش،چماق به دست‌ها،لات و لوت‌ها،غوغاگران windows were smashed and the police beaten by the angry mobs انبوهی از مردم خشمگین پنجره‌ها را شکستند و پلیس را کتک زدند. fear of mob rule ترس از چیرگی اراذل و اوباش ● جماعت،گروه مردم،جمعیت،ازدحام،غوغا،غلغله the streets were full of mobs مردم خیابان‌ها را پر کرده بودند. ● گروه جنایتکار،دار و دسته‌ی بزهکاران he told the police and now the mob is after him او به پلیس گفت و اکنون دسته‌ی دزدان می‌خواهند به حسابش برسند. ● ازدحام و حمله کردن،غوغا کردن،سر کسی ریختن،به جایی ریختن،غلغله کردن reporters mobbed him and he reached his car with effort خبرنگاران دورش ازدحام کردند و او به زحمت خودش را به اتومبیل رساند. workers tried to mob him but the police came to his rescue کارگران کوشیدند بر سرش بریزند ولی پلیس به دادش رسید. on sale days, shoppers mob Lallehzar در روزهای حراج خریداران در لاله زار غوغا بپا می‌کنند.

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casual [ˈkӕʒuəl] ♦ adjective 1 not careful: I took a casual glance at the book. سطحی؛ بی دقت 2 informal: casual clothes. غیررسمی 3 happening by chance: a casual remark. اتفاقی؛ تصادفی 4 not regular or permanent: casual labour. گاه به گاه؛ نامرتب ˈcasually ♦ adverb . بطور اتفاقی ˈcasualness ♦ noun . خودمانی بودن؛ اتفاقی بودن /kazh´ōō ǝl/ adj., n. ● اتفاقی،تصادفی،بختوار،الله‌بختی،بختی،پیش بینی نشده،همین طوری a casual visit دیدار اتفاقی،ملاقات عادی ● گاه به گاه،نامرتب،نامداوم،موقتی،بی‌ثبات a casual worker کسی که گاه به گاه کار می‌کند. casual labor کار موقت،کارگر موقت ● سطحی،ناژرف،کم a casual acquaintance آشنایی کم ● بی‌دقت،شلخته،شورتی،سر به هوا،بدون خم به ابرو آوردن،یخلی،سهل انگار،اهمالگر he has been far too casual in his research او در پژوهش خود بیش از اندازه سهل‌انگاری کرده است. he affected casual unconcern او تظاهر به عدم علاقه‌ی لاقیدانه‌ای کرد. ● غیر رسمی،خودمانی،آسوده،بی‌رودربایستی،آسود وار a casual atmosphere محیط آسودوار (خودمانی و بی‌تکلف) come to the picnic and wear casual clothes به پیک نیک بیا و لباس راحت و خودمانی (آسودوار) بپوش. ● لباس آسودوار،لباس و کفش راحت و خودمانی he was wearing a pair of gray casuals او شلوار خاکستری راحت و غیررسمی پوشیده بود. men's casuals لباس‌های راحت و خودمانی مردانه ● بدشانسی،بدبیاری،حادثه ● (ارتش) مامور موقت

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an area of a country or town that has fixed borders that are used for official purposes, or that has a particular feature that makes it different from surrounding areas: the business district of New York the Lake District/the Peak District US the City of Malden School District UK South Cambridgeshire District Council More examples An upsurge in violence in the district has been linked to increased unemployment. Vandals smashed windows and overturned cars in the downtown shopping district. Now 5,000 new children will be attending the district's already overburdened school system. Wales will be divided into 21 unitary authorities instead of eight counties and 37 districts. Villaverde is one of the high-rise districts that encircle Madrid. district [ˈdistrikt] ♦ noun an area of a country, town etc : He lives in a poor district of London; Public transport is often infrequent in country districts. ناحیه؛ بخش /dis´trikt/ n., vt. ● ناحیه،بخش،برزن،حوزه،منطقه،الکا an electoral district حوزه‌ی انتخاباتی a school district (امریکا) حوزه‌ی مدرسه the city is divided into several districts شهر به چندین برزن تقسیم شده است. district councils شوراهای بخش an industrial district ناحیه‌ی صنعتی ● به ناحیه یا بخش تقسیم کردن

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board something up phrasal verb with board verb UK /bɔːd/ US /bɔːrd/ to cover a door or window with wooden boards: Stores are boarding up their windows in case rioting breaks out. to board sth ⇆ up [or over] etw mit Brettern vernageln to chalk up the board die Tafel beschreiben

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blighted: (here) ruined by extreme poverty blight noun [ C/U ] US /blɑɪt/ something that spoils or destroys or causes damage: [ U ] The city stopped urban blight by rebuilding neighborhoods.

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poverty [ˈpovəti] ♦ noun the condition of being poor: They lived in extreme poverty; the poverty of the soil. فقر /päv´ǝr tē/ n. ● بینوایی،فقر،ناداری،دریوزگی،تهیدستی،بی‌چیزی،لاتی to live in poverty در فقر زندگی کردن the farmers' poverty saddened us بینوایی روستائیان ما را متاثر کرد. ● فقدان،کمبود،کم‌داشت،کاستی his stories show a surprising poverty of imagination and inventiveness داستان‌هایش حاکی از این است که او به طور تعجب‌آوری فاقد قوه تخیل و ابتکار است. ● ضعف،نارسایی،(خاک و غیره) بدی،کم قوتی poverty of the soil کم قوتی خاک ● کمی،قلت،ضیق،ناچیزی

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to contribute to [or towards] sth (give money, food, equipment) etwas zu etw Dat beisteuern to contribute to [or towards] sth (donate) für etw Akk spenden B2 to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people: Aren't you going to contribute towards Jack's leaving present? Come to the meeting if you feel you have something to contribute. Her family has contributed $50,000 to the fund. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples to give something to someone giveGive me that dirty plate. offerYour doctor should be able to offer advice. provideThis booklet provides useful information about local services. supplyThe lake supplies the whole town with water. donateFour hundred dollars has been donated to the school book fund. See more results » C1 to write articles for a newspaper, magazine, or book: She contributes to several magazines. More examples The company publicly apologized and agreed to contribute some money to charity. It was a real team effort - everyone contributed something to the success of the project. Tourism contributes millions of pounds to the country's economy. Everyone in the office is contributing money for his leaving present. We have contributed all our working lives to pension schemes and national insurance, expecting a reasonable state pension on retirement. to contribute to sth einen Beitrag für etw Akk schreiben to contribute to sth (regularly) für etw Akk schreiben contribute [kənˈtribjut] ♦ verb 1 to give (money, help etc ) along with others: Have you contributed (any money) to this charity?; I've been contributing (articles) to this paper for many years. اهدا کردن؛ کمک کردن 2 (with to ) to help to cause to happen: His gambling contributed to his downfall. موجب شدن ˌcontriˈbution [kon-] ♦ noun 1 the act of contributing. اعطا؛ کمک 2 something contributed, especially money: Would you like to make a contribution to this charity? هر چیز اهدا شده conˈtributor ♦ noun . اعانه دهنده /kǝn trib´yōōt/ vt., vi. ● (به اتفاق دیگران) اهدا کردن،دادن،ارزانی داشتن،اعطا کردن،بخشیدن،معاضدت کردن،کمک کردن they contributed a thousand dollars each to help the poor آنها هریک هزار دلار برای کمک به مستمندان اهدا کردند. everyone should contribute according to their means هرکسی باید به قدر استطاعت خود کمک کند. the elderly can contribute much to the society سالمندان می‌توانند خیلی به اجتماع کمک کنند. ● موجب شدن،تاثیر داشتن بر،دخیل بودن در industry has contributed to the excessive growth of cities صنعت موجب رشد بیش از حد شهرها شده است. soaring land prices contribute to the high cost of construction قیمت فزاینده‌ی زمین بر هزینه‌ی زیاد ساختمان اثر می‌گذارد. ● (برای روزنامه و مجله و غیره) نوشتن he contributed several articles for our magazine او برای مجله‌ی ما چند مقاله نوشت. * contribute to دخیل بودن در،اثر داشتن در fatigue contributed to his defeat خستگی درشکست او دخیل بود. to contribute equally to sth gleichermaßen zu etw Dat beitragen to contribute to community/society einen gesellschaftlichen Beitrag leisten to contribute towards sb's leaving present (pay in) to pension etc. einen Beitrag leisten to contribute sth [to [or towards] sth] money, food, equipment etw [zu etw Dat ] beisteuern to contribute to the success of sth zum Erfolg einer S. Gen beitragen to contribute an article to a newspaper einen Artikel für eine Zeitung schreiben he didn't contribute much to the meeting er hat nicht viel zur Besprechung beigetragen each of us, howsoever rich or poor, has something to contribute jeder von uns, egal wie reich oder arm, hat etwas beizutragen

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illicit adjective UK /ɪˈlɪs.ɪt/ US /ɪˈlɪs.ɪt/ illegal or disapproved of by society: illicit drugs such as cocaine and cannabis the illicit trade in stolen vehicles an illicit love affair illicit [iˈlisit] ♦ adjective unlawful or not permitted. غیر قانونی؛ ممنوع ilˈlicitly ♦ adverb . بطور غیر قانونی ilˈlicitness ♦ noun . عدم مشروعیت /il lis´it, i lis´-/ adj. ● غیرقانونی،نامشروع،قدغن،ناروا،ممنوع an illicit love affair رابطه‌ی عشقی نامشروع ● غیرمجاز،بی‌اجازه

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degrade [diˈgreid] ♦ verb to disgrace or make contemptible: He felt degraded by having to ask for money. خوار و خفیف کردن؛ کم ارزش کردن deˈgrading ♦ adjective tending to make lower in rank etc or to disgrace: a degrading occupation. تحقیر کننده؛ خوار کننده dē grād´, di-/ vt., vi. ● (مثلا به منظور تنبیه) تنزل رتبه دادن،فروزینه کردن،فروداشتن statesmen whom greed has degraded into nepotists دولتمردانی که به خاطر حرص و آز به کارچاق کنی می‌پردازند ● پست کردن،کم ارزش کردن films that degrade women فیلم‌هایی که از ارزش زن می‌کاهد. ● بی‌آبرو کردن،خوار و خفیف کردن،دون کردن to degrade oneself by cheating in an examination با تقلب در امتحان خود را بی‌آبرو کردن ● (زمین‌شناسی) فرو ساییدن،نهشت‌بری کردن ● (شیمی - ماده‌ی آلی را تبدیل به ترکیب ساده‌تری کردن) استحاله کردن،فروسان کردن ● (نادر) نزول کردن،(خود به خود) فروزینه شدن * feel degraded احساس هتک آبرو کردن،احساس خفت کردن to degrade sb/oneself jdn/sich erniedrigen to degrade sth environment, area etw angreifen to degrade an area of natural beauty eine schöne Naturlandschaft verschandeln to degrade sth etw erodieren degrade radio signals etw beeinträchtigen degrade verb UK /dɪˈɡreɪd/ US /dɪˈɡreɪd/ degrade verb (LOSE RESPECT) [ T ] to cause people to feel that they or other people have no value and do not have the respect or good opinion of others: Pornography degrades women. degrade verb (SPOIL) [ T ] to spoil or destroy the beauty or quality of something: Every day the environment is further degraded by toxic wastes. [ I or T ] ELECTRONICS specialized If the quality of something electrical or electronic degrades or is degraded, it becomes less good or less correct.

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obligatory adjective UK /əˈblɪɡ.ə.tər.i/ US /əˈblɪɡ.ə.tɔːr.i/ C1 If something is obligatory, you must do it because of a rule or law, etc.: The medical examination before you start work is obligatory. [ + to infinitive ] The statute made it obligatory for all healthy males between 14 and 60 to work. C2 expected because it usually happens: Several Secret Service agents surrounded the President, all wearing the obligatory raincoat and hat. (of an action) expected, esp. because it is what most people do: Everybody who goes to England makes the obligatory trip to Stonehenge. if something is obligatory, you must do it because of a rule or law: it is obligatory for sb to do sth It is obligatory for members in practice to hold insurance. The obligatory retirement age is 65.

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to mandate : to make obligatory to give official permission for something to happen: The UN rush to mandate war totally ruled out any alternatives. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases mandate verb [T] (ORDER) mainly US to order someone to do something: [ + to infinitive ] Our delegates have been mandated to vote against the proposal at the conference. to make something necessary, esp. as a rule: The law mandated a minimum six-year sentence for violent crimes. mandate noun [ C ] US /ˈmæn·deɪt/ authority to act in a particular way given to a government or a person, esp. as a result of a vote or ruling: [ + to infinitive ] The president secured a congressional mandate to send troops to Bosnia.

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working in the trenches: working directly with the Problem trench [trentʃ] ♦ noun a long narrow ditch dug in the ground, especially as a protection for soldiers against gunfire: The soldiers returned to the trenches. گودال؛ سنگر trenches in the trenches working in the most active and difficult parts of a job or business: The boss understands the difficulties we face here in the trenches. He's a salesman with 30 years of in-the-trenches experience

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generate verb [ T ] UK /ˈdʒen.ə.reɪt/ US /ˈdʒen.ə.reɪt/ generate verb [T] (CREATE) B2 to cause something to exist: Her latest film has generated a lot of interest/excitement. The new development will generate 1,500 new jobs. Selling food will increase the club's ability to generate revenue/income. More examples The proposed tidal barrage would generate enough electricity to supply between 60,000 and 80,000 homes. The ecological effects of the factory need to be balanced against the employment it generates. The publicity generated by the court case has given a welcome boost to our sales. Her latest film has generated a lot of interest. Surveyors say the fault line is capable of generating a major earthquake once in a hundred years. to generate controversy/tension Kontroversen/Spannungen hervorrufen to generate revenue Umsätze generieren to generate profit Gewinne erwirtschaften to generate fumes Dämpfe entwickeln to generate income Gewinne erzielen to generate jobs Arbeitsplätze schaffen to attract [or generate] publicity Aufsehen erregen to generate excitement/enthusiasm/interest Aufregung/Begeisterung/Interesse hervorrufen generate [ˈdʒenəreit] ♦ verb to cause or produce: This machine generates electricity; His suggestions generated a lot of ill-feeling. تولید کردن؛ ایجاد کردن ˌgeneˈration ♦ noun 1 one stage in the descent of a family: All three generations – children, parents and grandparents – lived together quite happily. نسل 2 people born at about the same time: People of my generation all think the same way about this. نسل the generation gap ♦ noun the difference in views and the lack of understanding between younger and older people. اختلاف نسل ها ˈgenerator ♦ noun a machine which produces electricity, gas etc : The hospital has an emergency generator. ژنراتور /jen´ǝr āt´/ vt. ● تولید نسل کردن،پس انداختن،زادن to generate offspring زاد و ولد کردن ● تولید کردن،ایجاد کردن،فرآوردن،هست کردن poverty generates despair فقر ایجاد یاس می‌کند. to generate electricity برق تولید کردن to generate hope ایجاد امید کردن ● (هندسه) رسم کردن،در اثر حرکت یک نقطه یا خط یا منحنی شکلی را ایجاد کردن،احداث کردن generating line (ریاضی) خط مولد

Answer 248

coalition [kəuəˈliʃən] ♦ noun a usually temporary union or alliance, especially of states or political parties. ائتلاف /kō´ǝ lish´ǝn/ n. ● هم آمیخت،یکپارچگی،ادغام،هم آمیختگی،بشل ● اتحاد (موقت)،ائتلاف a coalition of various parliamentary groups ائتلافی از گروه‌های پارلمانی گوناگون

Answer 249

[ˈmandəˌtôrē] adjective - mandatory اجباری: compulsory, compulsive, mandatory, coercive, forcible, binding الزامی: mandatory, obligatory, obliging الزام اور: binding, mandatory, imperative, obligatory man´dǝ tôr´ē/ adj., n., pl. ● وابسته به حکم کتبی،فرمانی،دستور،حکمی،فرمودی ● اجباری،واجب،زوری،ناگزیر voting is not mandatory رای دادن اجباری نیست. a mandatory waiting period of six months یک دوره‌ی انتظار اجباری شش ماهه ● دولت قیم،دارای امتیاز قیمومت یا تحت‌الحمایگی (mandatary هم می‌نویسند)

Answer 250

[əˈnounsmənt] noun - announcement اعلان: announcement, declaration, advertising, notice, sign, poster خبر: news, report, announcement, information, word, notice اگهی: announcement, advertisement, advertising, notice, ticket, annunciation n. ● اعلام،آگهسازی the announcement of ceasefire اعلام آتش بس ● اعلامیه،اطلاعیه،خبر the government's recent announcement اعلامیه‌ی اخیر دولت an engraved wedding announcement کارت چاپی عروسی something that someone says officially, giving information about something: The president made an unexpected announcement this morning. Synonyms communication formaldeclaration (ANNOUNCEMENT)proclamationpronouncement formalstatement the act of announcing something: The announcement of the changes has been delayed. More examples Her announcement confirmed (that) she would be resigning as prime minister. The protests are a delayed reaction to last week's announcement. The announcement took Washington and Paris by surprise, but Downing Street had been expecting it. There was a deathly hush after she made the announcement. This announcement follows months of inaction and delay.

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overwhelming adjective US /ˌoʊ·vərˈhwel·mɪŋ, -ˈwel·mɪŋ/ very great or strong: An overwhelming majority voted in favor of the proposal. I felt an overwhelming sense of relief when the semester was over. overwhelmingly adverb [ not gradable ] US /ˌoʊ·vərˈhwel·mɪŋ·li, -ˈwel-/ In April, the House of Representatives overwhelmingly passed the bill. [ˌōvərˈ(h)welmiNG] adjective - overwhelming منکوب کننده: overwhelming • A poll shows that an overwhelming majority is in favor of the legislation. نظرسنجی نشان می‌دهد که اکثریت قاطع طرفدار این قانون هستند. overwhelming adjective UK /ˌəʊ.vəˈwel.mɪŋ/ US /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwel.mɪŋ/ C1 difficult to fight against: She felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone about what had happened. Synonym overpowering Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples felt or experienced with a lot of force strongI felt a strong urge to hug him. powerfulAnger is one of the most powerful human emotions. intenseShe learned that even intense emotional pain passes. fierceThe people have a fierce pride in their country. deepHe suffered from a deep feeling of inadequacy. deep-seatedHe has a deep-seated loathing of snobbery. See more results » C1 very great or very large: She said how much she appreciated the overwhelming generosity of the public in responding to the appeal. An overwhelming majority has voted in favour of the proposal. There has been overwhelming public support for the proposed shopping development. The temptation to have another glass of wine proved overwhelming. The evidence against the suspect is overwhelming. The home team had the support of the overwhelming majority of the spectators. The devastation showed the overwhelming power of the earthquake.

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attorney [əˈtəːni] ♦ noun 1 a person who has the legal power to act for another person. وکیل 2 (American ) a lawyer. وکیل attorney noun [ C ] LAW UK /əˈtɜːni/ US US a lawyer: Mr Temple is the attorney representing the plaintiffs. an attorney for sb Attorneys for both sides agreed to postpone the hearing. a defense/prosecuting attorney a civil/criminal attorney a person who has the legal right to act for someone else: You may appoint an attorney to act on your behalf.

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outrage [ˈautreidʒ] ♦ noun a wicked act, especially of great violence: the outrages committed by the soldiers; The decision to close the road is a public outrage. کار خشونت آمیز؛ عمل شنیع ♦ verb to hurt, shock or insult: She was outraged by his behaviour. خشمگین کردن؛ اهانت کردن outˈrageous ♦ adjective noticeably terrible: an outrageous hat; outrageous behaviour. بسیار بد outˈrageously ♦ adverb . بطور شنیع outˈrageousness ♦ noun . خشونت؛ زشتی outraged adjective UK /ˈaʊt.reɪdʒd/ US /ˈaʊt.reɪdʒd/ feeling outrage: Outraged viewers jumped onto social media to complain about the ending of the series. She became outraged by poverty. See outrage More examples The incident sparked outraged protests. His actions led to some angry and outraged reactions. There have been repeated outraged denials by the family. Am I alone in feeling outraged about this?

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a space from which most or all of the matter has been removed, or where there is little or no matter [ S ] a lack of something: The withdrawal of troops from the area has created a security vacuum which will need to be filled. in a vacuum kept separate from other people and activities: No artist works in a vacuum - we are all of us influenced by others. vacuum [ˈvӕkjuəm] ♦ noun 1 a space from which (almost) all air or other gas has been removed. خلاء 2 short for vacuum cleaner . ♦ verb to clean (something) using a vacuum cleaner: She vacuumed the carpet. جارو برقی زدن vacuum cleaner a machine that cleans carpets etc by sucking dust etc into itself. جارو برق /vak´yōō ǝm, -yōōm´;-yoom, -yǝm/ adj., vt., vi., n., pl. ● خلا،تهیک،تهک ● بی‌هوا ● تهیگی،(مجازی) پوچی،ونگی his sudden death created a huge power vacuum مرگ ناگهانی او خلا بزرگی در قدرت به وجود آورد. ● مخفف: 5 vacuum cleaner - وابسته به خلا،تهیگی -6 مکنده،مکشی -7 (با جاروبرقی) تمیز کردن،جاروبرقی زدن (vacuum-clean هم می‌گویند) Mehri dusted the furniture and vacuumed the rugs مهری مبل‌ها را گردگیری کرد و فرش‌ها را جاروبرقی زد. perfect vacuum vollständiges Vakuum security vacuum Sicherheitslücke f power vacuum Machtvakuum nt vacuum flask Vakuumkolben m fachspr nature abhors a vacuum Sprichw die Natur verabscheut das Leere upright vacuum cleaner Handstaubsauger m in a vacuum übtr im luftleeren Raum übtr cylinder [or Am canister] vacuum cleaner Bodenstaubsauger m

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wave [weiv] ♦ noun 1 a moving ridge, larger than a ripple, moving on the surface of water: rolling waves; a boat tossing on the waves. موج 2 a vibration travelling eg through the air: radio waves; sound waves; light waves. جنبش 3 a curve or curves in the hair: Are those waves natural? فر 4 a (usually temporary) rise or increase: the recent crime wave; a wave of violence; The pain came in waves. فراز و فرود 5 an act of waving: She recognized me, and gave me a wave. مواج ♦ verb 1 to move backwards and forwards or flutter: The flags waved gently in the breeze. تكان خوردن 2 to (cause hair to) curve first one way then the other: She's had her hair waved; Her hair waves naturally. فر زدن 3 to make a gesture (of greeting etc ) with (eg the hand): She waved to me across the street; Everyone was waving handkerchiefs in farewell; They waved goodbye. اشاره كردن ˈwavy ♦ adjective (of hair) full of waves: Her hair is wavy but her sister's hair is straight. موج دار ˈwaviness ♦ noun . موجي ˈwave(band) ♦ noun a range of wavelengths on which eg radio signals are broadcast. موج ˈwavelength ♦ noun the distance from any given point on one (radio etc ) wave to the corresponding point on the next. طول موج wave aside to dismiss (a suggestion etc ) without paying much attention to it. ناديده گرفتن پيشنهاد wave [weiv] ♦ noun 1 a moving ridge, larger than a ripple, moving on the surface of water: rolling waves; a boat tossing on the waves. موج 2 a vibration travelling eg through the air: radio waves; sound waves; light waves. جنبش 3 a curve or curves in the hair: Are those waves natural? فر 4 a (usually temporary) rise or increase: the recent crime wave; a wave of violence; The pain came in waves. فراز و فرود 5 an act of waving: She recognized me, and gave me a wave. مواج ♦ verb 1 to move backwards and forwards or flutter: The flags waved gently in the breeze. تكان خوردن 2 to (cause hair to) curve first one way then the other: She's had her hair waved; Her hair waves naturally. فر زدن 3 to make a gesture (of greeting etc ) with (eg the hand): She waved to me across the street; Everyone was waving handkerchiefs in farewell; They waved goodbye. اشاره كردن ˈwavy ♦ adjective (of hair) full of waves: Her hair is wavy but her sister's hair is straight. موج دار ˈwaviness ♦ noun . موجي ˈwave(band) ♦ noun a range of wavelengths on which eg radio signals are broadcast. موج ˈwavelength ♦ noun the distance from any given point on one (radio etc ) wave to the corresponding point on the next. طول موج wave aside to dismiss (a suggestion etc ) without paying much attention to it. ناديده گرفتن پيشنهاد wāv/ n., vt., vi. ● موج،خیزه،خیزاب،آبخیز the waves of a stormy sea امواج دریای توفانی radio waves امواج رادیو wave after wave of enemy assault troops موج‌های متوالی تکاوران دشمن a wave of anger موجی از خشم a big wave turned the boat on its side خیزاب بزرگی قایق را چپه کرد. a new crime wave موج جدیدی از جنایت a heat wave موج هوای گرم ● فر،جعد،تاب گیسو،چین و شکن،پیچ و تاب the pretty waves of her hair چین و شکن‌های زیبای گیسوان او a permanent wave فر شش ماهه،فر دائم ● (جمع‌- با: the) دریا ● حرکت،تکان،جنب،جنباندن،نوسان،اهتزاز he welcomed us with a wave of his hand با تکان دست به ما خوشامد گفت. ● نوسان کردن،تکان خوردن،به اهتزاز درآمدن،پس و پیش رفتن،به نوسان درآمدن a flag waving in the breeze پرچمی که در نسیم در اهتزاز است. branches waved gently and shed their leaves شاخه‌ها به آرامی نوسان می‌کردند و برگ‌های خود را می‌ریختند. ● موج زدن،تموج داشتن،خیزه داشتن a field of waving wheat کشتزاری از گندمی که موج می‌زند ● (با: at) دست تکان دادن he smiled and waved at us لبخندی زد و برای ما دست تکان داد. the president waved at the crowd رئیس جمهور برای جماعت دست تکان داد. ● تکان دادن،پس و پیش بردن،به اهتزاز در آوردن،به نوسان در آوردن Rustam waved his sword in the air رستم شمشیرش را در هوا به نوسان در آورد. the drunken man waved his fist at me مرد مست مشتش را به سویم تکان داد. ● فرفری بودن،چین و شکن داشتن،مجعد بودن،پیچ و تاب داشتن the baby's hair waves beautifully موی کودک فرهای زیبایی دارد. ● فر زدن،مجعد کردن the bride waved her hair and manicured her nails عروس گیسوان خود را فر زد و ناخن‌های خود را رنگ کرد. ● (با تکان دادن دست یا پرچم و غیره) علامت دادن،اشاره کردن،هدایت کردن he waved down an approaching motorist to ask for help برای دریافت امداد به راننده‌ای که داشت نزدیک می‌شد علامت داد. the border guard looked at my passport and waved me on نگهبان مرز به گذرنامه‌ام نگاهی کرد و اشاره کرد که رد شوم. to wave farewell با علامت دست خداحافظی کردن * make waves وضع موجود را به هم زدن،سر و صدا ایجاد کردن * wave (something) about (چیزی را) به اطراف تکان دادن،به نوسان درآوردن * wave somebody along (or on, aside, away etc.) با حرکت دست کسی را فراتر راندن (به جلو یا کنار یا دورتر راندن یا راهنمایی کردن)

Answer 256

implement verb [ T ] US /ˈɪm·pləˌment/ to put a plan or system into operation: Congress refused to pass the bill that would implement tax reforms. implementation noun [ U ] US /ˌɪm·plə·mənˈteɪ·ʃən, -menˈteɪ-/ They've involved their workers in the development and implementation of the new program. implement noun [ C ] US /ˈɪm·plə·mənt/ a tool or other piece of equipment for doing work: farm implements implement [ˈimplimənt] ♦ noun a tool or instrument: kitchen/garden implements. ابزار /im´plǝ mǝnt, -ment´/ n., vt. ● ابزار،اسباب،وسیله،کاچار،آلت،ساز و برگ،انگاز،شوند،مانه،افزار implements of war جنگ افزارها a farm implement ابزار کشاورزی in the beginning humans used stone implements انسان‌ها در آغاز از ابزارهای سنگی استفاده می‌کردند. ● (انسان یا وسیله‌ی رسیدن به مقصود) اجراکننده،آماج‌رسان judges were trying to be efficient implements of justice قضات می‌کوشیدند که مجریان موثر عدالت باشند. ● انجام دادن،اجرا کردن،به آماج رساندن،از پیش بردن،به کار بستن the government is going to implement reforms دولت اصلاحات را پیگیری خواهد کرد. to implement new plans نقشه‌های جدیدی را اجرا کردن ● ابزار دار کردن،افزار دادن،وسیله شدن

Answer 257

vindicate: justification vindicate verb [ T ] US /ˈvɪn·dɪˌkeɪt/ to show something to have been right or true, or to show someone to be free from guilt or blame: The decision to include Morris on the team was vindicated when he scored three touchdowns. vindication noun [ C/U ] US /ˌvɪn·dɪˈkeɪ·ʃən/ [ U ] They are hoping for vindication in court. noun - vindication دفاع: defense, advocacy, pleading, vindication, apologia, replication اثبات بیگناهی: vindication توجیه: justification, explanation, rationalization, vindication حمایت: protection, patronage, aid, aegis, shelter, vindication /vin´dǝ kā´shǝn/ n. ● توجیه،ویچاردن،به حق جلوه دادن he referred to his unhappy childhood as a vindication of his crimes برای توجیه جنایات خود به کودکی مذلت‌بار خود اشاره کرد. ● عملی که توجیه می‌کند،عمل اثبات‌کننده،عمل توجیه کننده،ویچاردگر ● حقانیت ● اثبات

Answer 258

condemn verb [ T ] US /kənˈdem/ condemn verb [T] (CRITICIZE) to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons: The movie was condemned for glorifying violence. condemn verb [T] (PUNISH) to severely punish someone who has committed a crime, or to force someone to suffer: Those who remember the past are not condemned to repeat it. Illness condemned her to spend her remaining days in a home. condemn verb [T] (CALL NOT SAFE) to decide officially that a building is not safe for people to use condemnation noun [ U ] US /ˌkɑn·dəmˈneɪ·ʃən, -dem-/ The statement brought swift condemnation from world leaders. condemn [kənˈdem] ♦ verb 1 to criticize as morally wrong or evil: Everyone condemned her for being cruel to her child. سرزنش کردن؛ نکوهش کردن 2 to sentence to (a punishment): She was condemned to death. محکوم کردن 3 to declare (a building) to be unfit to use: These houses have been condemned. کلنگی اعلام کردن؛ حکم خرابی صادر کردن condemnation [kondemˈneiʃən] ♦ noun . محکومیت؛ سرزنش condemned cell a cell for a prisoner under sentence of death.

Answer 259

admire verb [ T ] US /ədˈmɑɪər/ to respect and approve of someone or something: I admire that music more than any other. admirable adjective US /ˈæd·mər·ə·bəl/ The police did an admirable job of calming down the crowd. admirably adverb US /ˈæd·mər·ə·bli/ I think she coped admirably with a very difficult situation. admiration noun [ U ] US /ˌæd·məˈreɪ·ʃən/ My admiration for her grows daily. admirer noun [ C ] US /ədˈmɑɪər·ər/ Many admirers waited in the rain just to see their hero. admire [ədˈmaiə] ♦ verb 1 to look at with great pleasure and often to express this pleasure: I've just been admiring your new car. تحسین کردن 2 to have a very high opinion of (something or someone): I admire John's courage. پسندیدن؛ ستودن ˈadmirable [ˈӕdmə-] ♦ adjective extremely good: His behaviour during the riot was admirable. تحسین برانگیز ˈadmirably [ˈӕdmə-] ♦ adverb extremely well: He's admirably suited to the job. بطور تحسین برانگیز admiration [ӕdmiˈreiʃən] ♦ noun They were filled with admiration at the team's performance. تمجید adˈmirer ♦ noun 1 one who admires (someone or something): He is an admirer of Mozart. ستایشگر 2 a man who is attracted by a particular woman: She has many admirers. شیفته؛ سینه چاک adˈmiring ♦ adjective an admiring glance. تحسین آمیز adˈmiringly ♦ adverb . بطور ستایش آمیز /ad mīr´/ vt. ● ستودن،تحسین کردن،پسندیدن،احترام قائل شدن everyone admired her virtues همه‌ی محسنات او را تحسین می‌کردند. ● (محلی) خواستن،آرزو کردن I'd admire to go along خیلی دلم می‌خواست من هم بروم. ● (قدیمی) شگفت‌زده شدن،تعجب کردن

Answer 260

crucial adjective US /ˈkru·ʃəl/ (of a decision or event) extremely important because many other things depend on it: The behavior of the oceans is a crucial aspect of global warming. crucially adverb US /ˈkru·ʃə·li/ The band wants to win over fans and, more crucially, radio programmers. crucial [ˈkruːʃəl] ♦ adjective involving a big decision; of the greatest importance: He took the crucial step of asking her to marry him; The next game is crucial – if we lose it we lose the match. حیاتی؛ سرنوشت ساز /krōō´shǝl/ adj. ● بسیار مهم،حیاتی،حیاتی و مماتی،سرنوشت‌ساز،(محل) بزنگاه،پراهمیت،حساس،حاد a crucial decision تصمیم سرنوشت ساز sound planning is crucial to economic development برنامه‌ریزی معقول برای پیشرفت اقتصادی اهمیت حیاتی دارد. at the crucial moment در لحظه‌ای حساس ● شدید،سخت،دشوار،مشکل ● (پزشکی) به شکل صلیب،خاجی،خاج‌سان،چلیپایی a crucial incision شکاف خاجی،برش صلیبی شکل a crucial scar جای زخم خاجی،جای زخم صلیبی شکل

Answer 261

to plague : to cause huge problems plague verb [ T ] US /pleɪɡ/ plague verb [T] (CAUSE DIFFICULTY) to cause someone or something difficulty or suffering, esp. repeatedly or continually: Financial problems have been plaguing the company. That pain in my shoulder is plaguing me again. plague [pleig] ♦ noun 1 especially formerly, an extremely infectious and deadly disease, especially one carried by fleas from rats. طاعون 2 a large and annoying quantity: a plague of flies. هجوم ♦ verb to annoy or pester continually or frequently: The child was plaguing her with questions. به ستوح آوردن plague noun [ C or U ] UK /pleɪɡ/ US /pleɪɡ/ C2 (also the plague, the Plague) a serious disease that kills many people, often used to refer to bubonic plague, a very infectious disease caused by bacteria spread mainly by fleas (= small insects that bite) on rats or other animals, that causes swelling, fever, and usually death in humans : In 1349 almost half the townspeople of Cork died of plague after the Black Death arrived in the town. The book looks at infectious diseases, from the plague to SARS, and at how treatment has changed over the centuries. Somehow they had survived when the Plague came. They described the historical plagues that had killed millions. Compare Black Death a plague of something a large number of things that are unpleasant or likely to cause damage: a plague of insects Unfortunately, the bumper harvest was quickly followed by a plague of mice. humorous A plague of journalists descended on the town. Computer users all over the world faced a plague of viruses. They suffered a plague of mechanical problems during their trip.

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emphasis noun [ C/U ] US /ˈem·fə·səs/ plural emphases US/ˈem·fəˌsiz/ special attention given to something because it is important or because you want it to be noticed, or an example of this: [ U ] She paused for emphasis. [ U ] In schools, the emphasis on programming has declined in recent years. emphasis [ˈemfəsis] ♦ noun– plural ˈemphases [-siːz] – 1 stress put on certain words in speaking etc ; greater force of voice used in words or parts of words to make them more noticeable: In writing we sometimes underline words to show emphasis. تکیه؛ تکیه کلام 2 force; firmness: `I do not intend to go,' he said with emphasis. تاکید؛ پافشاری 3 importance given to something: He placed great emphasis on this point. تاکید ˈemphasize, *ˈemphasise ♦ verb to lay or put emphasis on: You emphasize the word `too' in the sentence `Are you going too?'; He emphasized the importance of working hard. تاکید کردن؛ تکیه گذاشتن emˈphatic [-ˈfӕ-] ♦ adjective (negative unemphatic ) expressed with emphasis; firm and definite: an emphatic denial; He was most emphatic about the importance of arriving on time. مصر؛ قاطع؛ موکد emˈphatically ♦ adverb . اکیداً؛ بطور قاطع to emphasize (not emphasize on ) a point. /em´fǝ sis/ ● تاکید،پافشاری،سفارش his emphasis on reform پافشاری او در مورد اصلاحات in this class the emphasis is on mathematics در این کلاس تاکید روی ریاضیات است. ● (زبانشناسی - واژه یا عبارت و غیره) تکیه،تکیه‌ی کلام the speaker's emphasis was on the word "conciliation" تکیه‌ی سخنران روی واژه‌ی ((آشتی)) بود. * put emphasis on مورد تاکید قراردادن،سفارش کردن،پافشاری کردن،اهمیت دادن به

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C2 [ T ] to make an unpleasant feeling, such as pain or worry, less strong: She was given a shot of morphine to relieve the pain. She relieved her boredom at home by learning how to type. [ T ] to improve an unpleasant situation: New toll roads could help relieve congestion on other routes. More examples Rubbing dock leaves on nettle stings helps to relieve the pain. The routine was the same every day, with nothing to relieve the monotony. There must be some way you can relieve the pain. This cream relieves the swelling caused by insect stings. They removed the blood clot in order to relieve the pressure on her brain. to provide relief for a bad situation or for people in need: emergency food aid to help relieve the famine [ T ] to take the place of someone and continue doing their job or duties: I'm on duty until 2 p.m. and then Peter is coming to relieve me. [ T ] formal to free a place that has been surrounded by an enemy army by military force: An armoured battalion was sent to relieve the besieged town. verb - relieve تخفیف دادن: relieve, mitigate, assuage, discount, abate, alight خلاص کردن: relieve, rescue داشتن: have, possess, own, bear, relieve کمک کردن: help, assist, aid, facilitate, boost, relieve تسلی دادن: console, cherish, solace, becalm, relieve, soothe بر کنار کردن: oust, out, relieve تغییر پست دادن: relieve بر جسته ساختن: relieve ریدن: shit, relieve /ri lēv´/ vt. ● (درد و دلواپسی و فشار وغیره) کاستن،آرام کردن،تسکین دادن،خواباندن،فرو نشاندن،تخفیف دادن a pill that relieves pain قرصی که درد را فرو می نشاند to relieve suffering از رنج کاستن to relieve famine in Africa قحطی در آفریقا را کم کردن we must relieve the hardships of the refugies باید مرارت پناهندگان را تخفیف بدهیم. ● (با: -self) ادرار کردن،ریدن،شاشیدن he went behind the trees to relieve himself برای قضای حاجت رفت پشت درخت‌ها. ● کمک کردن،پایمردی کردن،یاری دادن to relieve the poor به فقرا کمک کردن ● تنوع ایجاد کردن،کم نما کردن،کم اثر کردن tall trees relieved the flatness of the plain درختان بلند صافی دشت را کم‌نما می‌کردند. to relieve the boredom of waiting, he began writing a letter برای اینکه از انتظار کشیدن کمتر حوصله‌اش سر رود شروع به نوشتن نامه‌ای کرد. ● نوبت عوض کردن،مرخص کردن،جای (پاسدار یا بازیکن خسته و غیره را) گرفتن to relieve a sentry نگهبان را مرخص کردن (و جای او را گرفتن) I will be relieved at six کار من ساعت شش تمام می‌شود (وکس دیگری جایم را پر خواهد کرد). ● (شهر محاصره شده و غیره) به کمک شتافتن،امداد کردن،رفع محاصره کردن،محاصره شکنی کردن a tank column was sent to relieve the besieged city یک ستون تانک برای امداد به شهر محاصره شده گسیل شد. ● برجسته نشان دادن،(در مقایسه) چشمگیر بودن ● رهانیدن،آزاد کردن،رستاندن to relieve somebody of a burden باری را از دوش کسی برداشتن ● (بیس‌بال) جای پیچر (pitcher) اصلی بازی کردن * relieved, adj. آسوده،با خیال راحت I was relieved to hear the news از شنیدن خبر خیالم راحت شد. * relieve one's feelings دق دل خود را خالی کردن،(با گریه کردن) احساسات خود را نشان دادن * relieve somebody of something 1- شغلی را از کسی گرفتن،مستعفی کردن،معزول کردن 2- از اموال شخصی کسی مواظبت کردن،بار کسی را سبک کردن 3- (جیب‌کسی را) زدن the governor was relieved of his job شغل فرماندار را از او گرفتند. he was relieved of his command از فرماندهی معزول شد. let me relieve you of your coat and hat بگذارید پالتو و کلاه شما را برایتان نگه دارم. the thief relieved him of his wallet دزد کیف پول او را بلند کرد.

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US UK AU verb - cite گفتن: say, tell, utter, adduce, declare, tongue ذکر کردن: mention, mingle, note, assign, cite, mind اتخاذ سند کردن: cite cite verb [ T ] formal UK /saɪt/ US /saɪt/ cite verb [T] (GIVE EXAMPLE) to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened: She cited three reasons why people get into debt. The company cited a 13 percent decline in new orders as evidence that overall demand for its products was falling. to speak or write words taken from a particular writer or written work: She cites both T.S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf in her article. cite verb [ T ] US /sɑɪt/ cite verb [T] (MENTION) to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened, or to speak or write words taken from a written work: He cited a study of the devices as proof that the company knew they were dangerous. Scientists cite this experiment as their main support for this theory. To cite someone else’s words when speaking or writing is to use them: If you cite too many writers, readers will wonder if you have any ideas of your own. In law, a person or organization which is cited is named in a legal action: The mine operator was cited with 33 violations of federal safety standards. cite verb [T] (PRAISE) to praise someone publicly for something the person has done: He was cited for bravery.

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[ˈreznˌāt] verb - resonate طنین انداختن: resonate, chink, jar, reverberate, ting پیچیدن: wrap, swab, twist, wind, furl, resonate تشدید کردن: intensify, strengthen, amplify, exacerbate, exasperate, resonate /-nāt´/ vt., vi. ● خنیدن،طنین انداختن،بازآوا شدن،(صدا) پیچیدن the giant's roars resonated in the cave نعره‌های غول در غار طنین افکن شد. ● تولید طنین کردن،بسامدافزایی کردن ● طن to be filled with a particular quality: The building resonates with historic significance. to continue to have a powerful effect or value: The significance of those great stories resonates down the centuries. If an experience or memory resonates, it makes you think of another similar one: Her experiences resonate powerfully with me, living, as I do, in a similar family situation. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases (Definition of resonate from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press) resonate | AMERICAN DICTIONARY resonate verb [ I ] US /ˈrez·əˌneɪt/ to produce or be filled with clear, continuing sound: The noise of the bell resonated through the building.

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combat noun [ C/U ] US /ˈkɑm·bæt/ fighting during a time of war: [ U ] a combat jacket/zone/casualty [ U ] No one knew how many troops had died in combat. Combat is also a fight between two people or things: [ C ] The film explores the combat between good and evil. combative adjective US /kəmˈbæt̬·ɪv/ When you are in a combative mood, you are not pleasant company. combat verb [ T ] US /kəmˈbæt, ˈkɑm·bæt/ to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or increasing: We must try to combat poverty and illiteracy. combat [ˈkombӕt, (American) kəmˈbat] ♦ noun (an act of) fighting: The two knights met each other in single combat. نبرد؛ مبارزه ♦ verb to fight against; to oppose: The residents of the town tried to combat the government's plans to build a motorway. مبارزه کردن combatant [ˈkombətənt, (American) kəmˈbӕtənt] ♦ noun a person who is fighting: They eventually separated the combatants. جنگجو؛ مبارز verb - combat مبارزه کردن: struggle, fight, joust, combat, conflict جنگیدن با: combat

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[ˈkrakˌdoun] noun - crackdown سخت گیری: crackdown, rigor, astringency, rigidity, austerity, severity تادیب: discipline, correction, punishment, crackdown سرکوب /krak´doun´/ n. ● (تنبیه یا سرکوبی) شدت عمل،سختگیری بیشتر،پیگیری و گوشمالی شدیدتر a crackdown on criminals گوشمالی شدیدتر بزهکاران * crack down (تنبیه یا سرکوبی را) شدیدتر کردن،(بیشتر) سختگیری کردن،(سخت‌تر) گوشمالی دادن the police cracked down on smugglers پلیس قاچاقچیان را زیر فشار بیشتری گذاشت. crackdown noun [ C ] US /ˈkrækˌdɑʊn/ an action by an authority to stop something: The government is calling for a crackdown on drivers who speed through red lights.

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compassion [kəmˈpӕʃən] ♦ noun sorrow or pity for the sufferings of another person. ترحم؛ دلسوزی comˈpassionate [-nət] ♦ adjective . دلسوز؛ ترحم آمیز /kǝm pash´ǝn/ n. ● همدردی،شفقت،دلسوزی،ترحم،رحم the old woman's bereavement aroused everyone's compassion داغداری پیرزن ترحم همه را برانگیخت. compassion noun [ U ] US /kəmˈpæʃ·ən/ a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for other people’s suffering or bad luck and a desire to help compassionate adjective US /kəmˈpæʃ·ə·nət/ a compassionate man

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meanwhile [ˈmiːnwail] ♦ adverb during this time; at the same time: The child had gone home. Meanwhile, his mother was searching for him in the street. ضمنا meanwhile adverb [ not gradable ] US /ˈminˌwɑɪl, -ˌhwɑɪl/ until something expected happens, or while something else is happening: It’s going to take several days for my car to be repaired – meanwhile I’m renting one. Synonyms in the interim in the meantime We'll buy you some shorts at the weekend, but meanwhile you'll just have to wear your long trousers. The boys are still getting the mats out so, meanwhile, let's do some warm-up exercises. "The pizza will be ready in 10 minutes, Mum." "Great - meanwhile, let's set the table." They've arranged to have another meeting in two weeks, and meanwhile the problem is getting worse and worse! The computers should be working again soon. Meanwhile, could everyone get on with some paperwork or something?

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AU oversee [əuvəˈsiː]– past tense ˌoverˈsaw [-ˈsoː]: past participle ˌoverˈseen – ♦ verb to supervise: He oversees production at the factory. نظارت کردن overseer [ˈəuvəsiə] ♦ noun The overseer reported her for being late. ناظر oversee verb [ T ] UK /ˌəʊvəˈsiː/ US oversaw | overseen WORKPLACE, MANAGEMENT to watch or organize a job or an activity to make certain that it is being done correctly: As marketing manager, her job is to oversee all the company's advertising. FINANCE, MANAGEMENT to be in charge of how an amount of money is invested or spent: The capital management firm oversees total assets of $107 million. The company CFO will oversee the budget and finances. POLITICS, LAW to watch an activity to make sure that it is being done correctly and legally: The World Trade Organization oversees the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

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[ˈtädlər] noun - toddler کودک نو پا: toddler کودک تازه براه افتاده: toddler, toddle toddler noun [ C ] US /ˈtɑd·lər/ a young child, esp. one just learning to walk: Are these toys suitable for toddlers? toddler Kleinkind nt can your toddler walk yet? kann dein Kleiner schon laufen?

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indifference noun [ U ] US /ɪnˈdɪf·rəns/ the quality of not caring about or being interested in something or someone: Her indifference to sports bothered him. lack of interest in someone or something: Many native speakers of a language show indifference to/towards grammatical points. His attitude was one of bored indifference. n. ● بی‌علاقگی،بی‌تفاوتی،بی‌توجهی،بی‌اعتنایی،ناگرایشی،ناپیوندی،یکسان بینی they showed their indifference toward money آنان بی‌اعتنایی خود را نسبت به پول نشان دادند. his indifference toward her was obvious عدم علاقه‌ی او به آن زن آشکار بود. ● ناچیزی،بی‌اهمیتی (indifferency هم می‌نوشتند)

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exacerbate verb [ T ] US /ɪɡˈzæs·ərˌbeɪt/ to make something that is already bad worse: Her allergy was exacerbated by the dust. exacerbate verb [ T ] UK /ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/ US /ɪɡˈzæs.ɚ.beɪt/ to make something that is already bad even worse: This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities. [igˈzasərˌbāt] verb - exacerbate بدتر کردن: worsen, embitter, exacerbate, deteriorate, aggravate, exasperate تشدید کردن: intensify, strengthen, amplify, exacerbate, exasperate, resonate خونکسی را بجوش اوردن: chafe, aggravate, anger, cheese off, exacerbate, nettle بر انگیختن: prod, arouse, infuse, roust, excite, exacerbate /eg zas´ǝr bāt´, ig-/ vt. ● (درد و بیماری و مسئله و غیره) شدید کردن،بیشتر کردن،بدتر کردن،وخیم کردن the noise exacerbated my headache سروصدا سر درد مرا بدتر کرد. drought exacerbated the situation خشکسالی وضع را بدتر کرد. ● اذیت کردن،اوقات (کسی را) تلخ کردن،از کوره در کردن to exacerbate sth etw verschlimmern to exacerbate sth drought, crisis etw verschärfen to exacerbate relations Beziehungen trüben to exacerbate tension Spannungen vertiefen

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brazen adjective US /ˈbreɪ·zən/ (of something bad) done without trying to hide it: a brazen robbery in the downtown area brazen : bold, without shame US UK AU brazen [ˈbreizn] ♦ adjective impudent or shameless: a brazen young woman. پررو؛ بی حیا brazen it out to face a situation with impudent boldness: She knew her deception had been discovered but decided to brazen it out. پررویی کردن /brā´zǝn/ adj. ● (از نظر رنگ و سختی) مثل (فلز) برنج،برنج مانند،پرنگ مانند،ساخته شده از برنج،برنجی brazen cups فنجان‌های برنجی ● پررو،بی‌حیا،بی‌شرم،گستاخ،چشم سفید،بی‌آزرم،چشم دریده،وقیح a brazen whore فاحشه‌ی بی‌حیا he made brazen accusations against my father او تهمت‌های بیشرمانه‌ای به پدرم می‌زد. ● دارای صدایی شبیه به زنگ برنجی،(صدا) تیز و گوشخراش * brazen it out پررویی کردن،رو را سفت کردن * brazenly, adv. با بی‌شرمی،با پررویی،با بی‌حیایی when I gave him the money he brazenly asked for my car keys too وقتی پول را به او دادم با پررویی کلید ماشینم را هم طلب کرد.

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apart from phrase B1 except for or not considering: He works until nine o'clock every evening, and that's quite apart from the work he does over the weekend. Apart from the salary/Salary apart, it's not a bad job. Apart from you and me/You and me apart, I don't think there was anyone there under 30. See also apart adverb (EXCEPT) She's done all the important Shakespearean roles apart from Lady Macbeth. So, apart from the bad ankle, how are you feeling in general? Do you want anything from the newsagent's apart from a paper? It's a great job, apart from the early start in the mornings. So, joking apart, do you really think you will be able to manage on your own? apart adverb (SEPARATED) B1 separated by a distance or by time: Stand with your feet wide apart. How far apart should the speakers be? We were asked to stand in two lines three metres apart. The two lines of children moved slowly apart. The garage, large enough for two cars, is set apart from (= not joined to) the house. I forget the exact age difference between Mark and his brother - they're two or three years apart. B2 into smaller pieces: My jacket is so old it's falling apart. I took the motor apart (= separated it into pieces) to see how it worked. More examples We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while. They went for each other with their fists and had to be pulled apart. They moved the goal posts wider apart. My children's birthdays are only three days apart. The new two houses have been built quite far apart. apart [əˈpaːt] ♦ adverb separated by a certain distance: The trees were planted three metres apart; with his feet apart; Their policies are far apart; She sat apart from the other people. در فاصلۀ کم؛ جدا apart from except for: I can't think of anything I need, apart from a car. بجز؛ به غیر از come apart to break into pieces: The book came apart in my hands. از هم پاشیدن؛ به هم خوردن take apart to separate (something) into the pieces from which it is made: He took the engine apart. از هم باز کردن tell apart(usually with can, *cannotetc ) to recognize the difference between; to distinguish: I cannot tell the twins apart. از هم تشخیص دادن /ǝ pärt´/ adv., adj. ● در کنار،جنب،در فاصله‌ی کم the shop stood apart from the rest of the village مغازه در فاصله کمی از دهکده قرار داشت. ● جدا،سوا،تنها we were born two years apart تولدمان دو سال با هم فرق داشت. these chairs are set apart for them این صندلی‌ها برای آنها کنار گذاشته شده (رزرو شده) است. he stood with his legs apart با پاهای باز از هم ایستاد. the lovers could not bear to be apart عاشق و معشوق تاب جدایی نداشتند. ● به غیر از،گذشته از (all) joking apart از شوخی گذشته * apart from به جز،به غیر از * fall (come) apart فروریختن،به هم خوردن their marriage is falling apart ازدواج آنها در حال به هم خوردن است. friends who have fallen apart دوستانی که رابطه‌ی آنها به هم خورده است. * take apart از هم باز کردن،تجزیه کردن David took the clock apart and put it together again دیوید ساعت را از هم باز و دوباره سوار کرد. * tell apart از هم تمیز دادن I can't tell those twins apart آن دوقلوها را نمی‌توانم از هم تشخیص بدهم.

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fatigue noun (TIREDNESS/WEAKNESS) [ U ] formal extreme tiredness: She was suffering from fatigue. [ U ] ENGINEERING specialized weakness in something, such as a metal part or structure, often caused by repeated bending: The crash was caused by metal fatigue in one of the propeller blades. fatigue [fəˈtiːg] ♦ noun 1 great tiredness (caused especially by hard work or effort): He was suffering from fatigue. خستگی 2 (especially in metals) weakness caused by continual use: metal fatigue. فرسودگی faˈtigued ♦ adjective made very tired: She was fatigued by the constant questioning. خسته /fǝ tēg´/ n., vt., vi. ● خستگی،ماندگی fatigue is one of the causes of car accidents یکی از علل تصادفات رانندگی خستگی است. ● (آنچه که سبب خستگی شود) کار سخت،خرحمالی،زحمت،گیرودار ● (ارتش) کار و بیگاری (fatigue duty هم می‌گویند) ● (ارتش) جامه‌ی بیگاری،بیگار جامه،لباس (یا اونیفرم) خدمت (fatigue clothes هم می‌گویند) we used to sleep in our fatigues شب‌ها در لباس خدمت می‌خوابیدیم. ● (فلز شناسی) فرسودگی (تمایل فلز و سایر مصالح به ترک برداشتن و شکستن در اثر گذشت زمان و اعمال فشار)،فرسوده شدن یا کردن فلز و غیره ● (تنکرد شناسی) ستوهش (کاهش کنشوری سازواره در اثر انگیزش مکرر)،ستوهیدن،ستوهاندن (سازواره) ● (ارتش) کار و بیگاری کردن ● خسته کردن یا شدن،واماندن،وامانده کردن I was so fatigued that I couldn't stand up آنقدر خسته شده بودم که نمی‌توانستم بایستم.

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rational adjective UK /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/ US /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/ C1 based on clear thought and reason: There must be some rational explanation for what happened. a rational act/course of action a rational argument/decision He was too upset to be rational. More examples In that state of mind you can't make a rational decision. I'm sure there's a perfectly rational explanation for it. Adrenalin blocks out all rational thought. He has a very rational way of looking at things. Let's wait till we can have a rational discussion US UK AU rational [ˈraʃənl] ♦ adjective 1 able to think, reason and judge etc : Man is a rational animal. عاقل 2 sensible; reasonable; logical; not (over-) influenced by emotions etc : There must be a rational explanation for those strange noises منطقی ˈrationally ♦ adverb . به طور منطقی ˌrationˈality ♦ noun . منطقی بودن؛ پیروی از عقل rash´ǝn ǝl/ adj. ● عقلانی،عقلی،فکری rational powers قوای عقلانی ● منطقی،بخردانه،تعقلی،خرد آمیز،استدلالی،خرد پذیر،عاقلانه،خردمندانه a rational decision تصمیم خردمندانه the rational analysis of this problem تجزیه و تحلیل منطقی این مسئله ● عاقل،بخرد،خردمند a rational creature یک موجود برخوردار از عقل

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to make someone worried, unhappy, or angry: It still upsets him when he thinks about the accident. Don't upset yourself by thinking about what might have been. upset [apˈset]– past tense, past participle upˈset – ♦ verb 1 to overturn: He upset a glass of wine over the table. چپه کردن 2 to disturb or put out of order: His illness has upset all our arrangements. به هم زدن 3 to distress: His friend's death upset him very much. ناراحت کردن ♦ adjective disturbed or distressed: Is he very upset about failing his exam? نگران [ˈapset]noun a disturbance: He has a stomach upset; I couldn't bear the upset of moving house again. اختلال؛ آشفتگی /up set´, up´set´/ vt., vi., ● (در اصل) افراختن،افراشتن،قائم کردن،برپاکردن ● یک‌وری کردن یا شدن،چپه کردن یا شدن،واژگون کردن یا شدن،(به پهلو) انداختن،برگرداندن،آشکوخیدن،وارونه کردن to upset a vase گلدان را انداختن she upset the cup of tea and ruined my painting فنجان چای را واژگون کرد و نقاشی مرا خراب کرد. ● ناراحت کردن،حواس کسی را مختل کردن،نگران کردن the news of her illness really upset me خبر بیماری او واقعا مرا پریشان کرد. the children were upset by the break-up of their parents' marriage بچه‌ها از به هم خوردن ازدواج والدینشان بسیار ناراحت بودند. the least little thing upsets her کوچکترین چیز او را ناراحت می‌کند. ● رنجاندن،برزخ کردن یا شدن،رنجیدن،عصبانی کردن یا شدن،دلخور کردن یا شدن،پکر کردن یا شدن my words upset her حرف‌های من او را رنجاند. ● نگران،ناراحتی،رنجش،رنجیدگی،دلخوری،پکری ● شکست (به ویژه شکست غیر مترقبه)،(به طور غیر منتظره) شکست دادن یا خوردن though our team was weaker, we upset them 4 to 2 با آنکه تیم ما ضعیف‌تر بود آنها را 4به‌2 شکست دادیم. ● مختل کردن،به هم زدن،نابسامان کردن یا شدن،به هم خوردن to upset the balance of power between Germany and France توازن قوا میان آلمان و فرانسه را به هم زدن the rain upset our plans باران نقشه‌های مارا به هم زد. the financial stability of the country was upset ثبات اقتصادی کشور به هم خورد. ● اختلال،نابسامانی،به هم خوردن،زیر و رو شدگی،خرابی the upset of price and wage standards به هم خوردن معیارهای قیمت و دستمزد ● به هم خوردگی (دل)،دل آشوبه،(معده) زیر و رو شدن،دچار دل به هم خوردگی شدن،موجب اختلال مزاج شدن a stomach upset دل به هم خوردگی some foods upset children's stomachs برخی خوراک‌ها مزاج کودکان را مختل می‌کند. ● مختل،به هم خورده،دلخور،رنجیده،آزرده،درواژ she was so upset with me that she wouldn't talk to me for two days آنقدر از من رنجیده بود که تا دو روز بامن حرف نمی‌زد. don't be upset, he didn't mean it دلخور نشو منظوری نداشت. my brother was too upset to say anything برادرم آن قدر دلخور بود که اصلا حرف نزد. her nerves were more upset than usual اعصاب او بیش از همیشه ناراحت بود. ● واژگونی،چپه شدگی،یک وری شدگی he was hurt by the upset of the stool upon which he stood واژگونی چارپایه‌ای که‌روی آن ایستاده بود موجب آسیب دیدن او شد. ● واژگون،چپه،آشکوخیده،یک وری،وارونه،برگردانده an upset table میز واژگون * upset victory پیروزی ضعیف بر قوی،پیروزی غیر مترقبه

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root1 [ruːt] ♦ noun 1 the part of a plant that grows under the ground and draws food and water from the soil: Trees often have deep roots; Carrots and turnips are edible roots. ریشه 2 the base of something growing in the body: the roots of one's hair/teeth. ریشه 3 cause; origin: Love of money is the root of all evil; We must get at the root of the trouble. اصل؛ بنیاد 4 (in plural ) family origins: Our roots are in Scotland. نسب؛ اصل ♦ verb to (make something) grow roots: These plants aren't rooting very well; He rooted the plants in compost. کاشتن root beer a kind of non-alcoholic drink made from the roots of certain plants. نوعی نوشیدنی مانند پپسی root crop plants with roots that are grown for food: The farm has three fields of root crops. محصول ریشه ای root out 1 to pull up or tear out by the roots: The gardener began to root out the weeds. از ریشه در آوردن 2 to get rid of completely: We must do our best to root out poverty. ریشه کن کردن take root to grow firmly; to become established: The plants soon took root. ریشه گرفتن؛ مستقر شدن

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assault [əˈsoːlt] ♦ verb 1 to attack, especially suddenly: The youths assaulted the night watchman. حمله کردن 2 to attack sexually; to rape. تجاوز جنسی کردن ♦ noun 1 a (sudden) attack: a night assault on the fortress; His speech was a vicious assault on his opponent. حمله 2 a sexual attack; a rape. تجوز جنسی assault noun UK /əˈsɒlt/ US /əˈsɑːlt/ C2 [ C or U ] a violent attack: He was charged with sexual assault. UK The number of indecent assaults has increased alarmingly over the past year. an assault on a police officer They launched an assault on the capital yesterday. [ C ] a determined or serious attempt to do something difficult: Women's groups have demanded a nationwide assault on sexism in the workplace. She died heroically during an assault on the world's second-highest mountain. assault and battery [ U ] LAW specialized a threat to injure someone followed by a violent attack on them : Six fans were charged with assault and battery in connection with last week's game. See more More examples The assault was premeditated and particularly brutal. Cash Junior made a full-frontal assault on Hollywood's 'moral delinquency'. Racially motivated assaults on Asians are increasing. Assaults on hospital staff have increased over the last year. Police are hunting a student attacker after an unprovoked assault in a night club. aggravated assault Am schwere Körperverletzung sexual assault Am Notzucht f indecent assault unzüchtige Handlung verbal assault übtr verbale Attacke assault and battery (aggression) Bedrohung f mit tätlichem Angriff frontal assault [or attack] Frontalangriff m an assault case ein Fall m von Körperverletzung an assault on racism/sexism ein Feldzug m gegen Rassismus/Sexismus to indecently [or sexually] assault sb jdn vergewaltigen to make an assault on sth gegen etw Akk angehen to launch an assault on sb/sth jdn/etw angreifen assault with intent to do grievous bodily injury vorsätzliche schwere Körperverletzung he pleaded guilty to the charge of indecent assault er gestand die sexuelle Nötigung an assault on the north face of the Eiger ein Versuch, die Eiger-Nordwand zu bezwingen she decided to make a determined assault on the paperwork sie entschloss sich, endlich ernsthaft den Papierkram anzugehen

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surrender verb (ACCEPT DEFEAT) [ I ] to stop fighting and accept defeat: They would rather die than surrender. surrender verb (GIVE) [ T ] to give something that is yours to someone else, usually because you have been forced to do so: U.S. Magistrate Celeste Bremer restricted Gruenwald’s travel and ordered that he surrender his passport. surrender noun [ C/U ] US /səˈren·dər/ an agreement to stop fighting and accept defeat: [ C ] Robert E. Lee’s surrender, which ended the Civil War, was one of the most important events in American history. surrender [səˈrendə] ♦ verb 1 to yield: The general refused to surrender to the enemy; We shall never surrender! تسليم كردن 2 to give up or abandon: He surrendered his claim to the throne; You must surrender your old passport when applying for a new one. واگذار كردن ♦ noun (an) act of surrendering: The garrison was forced into surrender. تسليم /sǝ ren´dǝr, sǝr ren´dǝr/ vt., vi., n. ● تسلیم شدن،گردن نهادن،سپر انداختن،ستوهیدن،ستوهاندن he ordered the troops to surrender به سربازان فرمان داد که تسلیم بشوند. the kidnappers finally surrendered themselves to the police آدم‌ربایان بالاخره خود را تسلیم پلیس کردند. ● تسلیم کردن،تحویل دادن،واسپردن،بازدادن،دادن،صرفنظر کردن he surrendered his seat to a lady صندلی خود را به یک خانم داد. we will never surrender our liberties هرگز از آزادی‌های خود صرفنظر نخواهم کرد. they surrendered their guns to the police آنان سلاح‌های خود را به پلیس تسلیم کردند. ● تن در دادن،پذیرفتن ● تسلیم،بازدهی،تحویل،واسپارش Germany's unconditional surrender تسلیم بدون قیدو شرط آلمان Teymoor demanded the surrender of the city تیمور خواستار تسلیم شدن شهر بود. ● واگذاری the surrender of the lease to the landlord before its expiration واگذاری اجاره نامه به مالک پیش از سرآمدن آن ● (بیمه) باز خرید،فسخ بیمه نامه در برابر دریافت پول نقد یا surrender value * surrender oneself to something خود را تسلیم به چیزی کردن،تن در دادن he surrendered himself to debauchery and sin او خود را تسلیم لهو و لعب و گناه کرد.

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provoke verb [ T ] US /prəˈvoʊk/ provoke verb [T] (ANGER) to try to make a person or an animal angry or annoyed: He was trying to provoke me into a fight. provoke verb [T] (CAUSE REACTION) to cause a particular reaction or feeling: I’m trying to make people think, provoke their emotions. His death provoked huge demonstrations. provocative adjective (MAKE ANGRY) causing an angry reaction, usually intentionally: a provocative question/remark In a deliberately provocative speech, she criticized the whole system of government. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases provocative adjective (SEXUAL) If behaviour or clothing is provocative, it is intended to cause sexual desire: She slowly leaned forward in a provocative way. Related word provocatively one of the most provocative novels of the year یکی از بحث‌انگیزترین رمان‌های سال provoke [prəˈvəuk] ♦ verb 1 to make angry or irritated: Are you trying to provoke me? عصبانی کردن 2 to cause: His words provoked laughter. موجب شدن 3 to cause (a person etc ) to react in an angry way: He was provoked into hitting her. تحریک کردن provocation [provəˈkeiʃən] ♦ noun the act of provoking or state of being provoked. تحریک proˈvocative [-ˈvokətiv] ♦ adjective likely to rouse feeling, especially anger or sexual interest: provocative remarks; a provocative dress. تحریک آمیز proˈvocatively ♦ adverb . بطور تحریک آمیز /prō vōk´, prǝ-/ vt. ● برانگیختن،انگیزاندن،تحریک کردن،پیش‌انگیز کردن،ایجاد کردن،(دعوا و غیره) دامن زدن،شوراندن thought provoking تفکر انگیز to provoke a fight between two dogs دو سگ را به جنگ هم انداختن to provoke vomiting by fingering the throat با انگشت زدن به سق استفراغ ایجاد کردن ● خشمگین کردن،عصبانی کردن،خشم (کسی را) برانگیختن،بر آشفتن to provoke Jamshid, he kept on coughing repeatedly او برای برانگیختن خشم جمشید پی‌درپی سرفه می‌کرد. I was really provoked by the way he treated us طرز رفتار او با ما مرا واقعا بر آشفت. ● (با تحریک و تهییج به‌کاری) واداشتن،وادار کردن ● ایجاد کردن،به وجود آوردن،باعث شدن،موجب شدن to provoke jeaiousy موجب حسادت شدن to provoke a smile باعث لبخند شدن

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predicate noun [C] (GRAMMAR) GRAMMAR the part of a sentence that gives information about the subject: In the sentence "We went to the airport," "went to the airport" is the predicate. predicate verb [T] (STATE) to state that something is true: [ + that clause ] One cannot predicate that the disease is caused by a virus on the basis of current evidence. predicate [ˈpredikət] ♦ noun what is said about the subject of a sentence: We live in London; The president of the republic died. مسند /pred´i kāt´, -kit/ n., adj., vt., vi. ● (در اصل) اعلام کردن،اظهار کردن،وعظ کردن،(با اطمینان) گفتن ● وابسته دانستن (به چیزی)،مورد تاکید قرار دادن،دال بودن بر،دلالت کردن،حاکی بودن،نسبت دادن to predicate the truth of somebody's claims صداقت ادعاهای کسی را مورد تاکید قرار دادن it predicates man's intelligence این دال بر عقل بشر است. ● (منطق - چیزی را به موضوع یا فاعل قضیه نسبت دادن) محمول قرار دادن،اسناد کردن،محمول،اسناد ● (با: on یا upon) مشروط کردن به،مبنا قرار دادن،مبتنی کردن her proposal was predicated on the assumption that the country's economy will expand پیشنهاد او بر این فرض مبتنی بود که اقتصاد کشور گسترش خواهد یافت. ● (دستور زبان) گزاره،خبر،مسند subject and predicate مبتدا و خبر ● (دستور زبان) وابسته به خبر یا گزاره،گزاره‌ای،اسنادی،خبری predicate adjective صفت گزاره‌ای

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indicate verb US /ˈɪn·dɪˌkeɪt/ to show or signal a direction or warning, or to make something clear: [ T ] These statistics might indicate quality problems. [ + that clause ] She did not move or indicate that she had heard him. indicate [ˈindikeit] ♦ verb to point out or show: We can paint an arrow here to indicate the right path. نشان دادن ˌindiˈcation ♦ noun There are clear indications that the war will soon be over; He had given no indication that he was intending to resign. نشانه؛ اشاره indicative [inˈdikətiv] ♦ adjective, ♦ noun describing verbs which occur as parts of statements and questions: In `I ran home' and `Are you going?' `ran' and `are going' are indicative (verbs). خبری ˈindicator ♦ noun a pointer, sign, instrument etc which indicates something or gives information about something: the indicator on the petrol gauge of a car. نشانگر in´di kāt´/ vt. ● نشان دادن،اشاره کردن the students' laughter indicated their happiness خنده‌ی شاگردان شادی آنها را نشان می‌داد. the map indicates the location of his tomb نقشه،محل قبر او را نشان می‌دهد. ● حاکی بودن از،نشانه بودن،دلالت کردن بر،مشعر بودن،بیان کردن his silence indicates consent سکوت او علامت رضایت است. fever indicates illness تب نشانه‌ی بیماری است. ● ایجاب کردن،ضروری ساختن the scientists' conflicting findings indicate further research یافته‌های متغایر دانشمندان،ضرورت پژوهش بیشتر را نشان می‌دهد. a fabric for which dry cleaning is indicated پارچه‌ای که باید خشک شویی شود. ● (پزشکی) تجویز کردن bed rest is indicated استراحت در بستر تجویز می‌شود. ● به طور مجمل بیان کردن،خاطر نشان کردن to indicate guidlines for action رهنمودهای کار را بیان کردن

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merely adverb [ not gradable ] US /ˈmɪər·li/ only; and nothing more: I merely said that I was tired. These columns have no function and are merely decorative. صرفا Labor is not merely a necessity but a pleasure. کار دستی تنها یک بایستگی نیست بلکه یک لذت است. • Don't look down on him merely because he is poor. به او بد نگاه نکن چون که تنها او بی پول است.

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sufficient adjective UK /səˈfɪʃ.ənt/ US /səˈfɪʃ.ənt/ B2 enough for a particular purpose: This recipe should be sufficient for five people. It was thought that he'd committed the crime but there wasn't sufficient evidence to convict him. have had sufficient UK formal to have eaten enough: "Would you like some more stew?" "No thanks, I've had sufficient." More examples Will a loan of $500 be sufficient? Did you have sufficient time to do the work? I hope we have sufficient people to do the job. If I buy two pounds of fish that should be sufficient for four people. I'm not convinced we have sufficient funds to do this project.

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extent noun [ S or U ] UK /ɪkˈstent/ US /ɪkˈstent/ B2 area or length; amount: From the top of the Empire State Building, you can see the full extent of Manhattan (= the area it covers). We don't yet know the extent of his injuries (= how bad his injuries are). Rosie's teacher was impressed by the extent of her knowledge (= how much she knew). The River Nile is over 6,500 6,5000 kilometres in extent (= length). the extent to which C2 the degree to which something happens or is likely to happen: She had not realized the extent to which the children had been affected. See more to the extent of so strongly that: Some people hold their beliefs very strongly, even to the extent of being prepared to go to prison for them. See more to the extent that to a particular degree or stage, often causing particular results: Sales have fallen badly this year, to the extent that we will have to close some of our shops. to the same extent to the same degree as; as much as: The rich will not benefit from the proposed changes to the tax system to the same extent as the lower paid. to some extent B2 partly: To some extent, she was responsible for the accident. to such an extent so much: The car was damaged to such an extent that it couldn't be repaired. to what extent? how much: To what extent will the budget have to be modified? See more More examples The full extent of the damage only became evident the following morning. He unwound the rope to its full extent. Ethiopia and, to a lesser extent, Kenya will be badly affected by the drought. The mood of the meeting turned solemn when the extent of the problem became known. The extent of the flooding can only be fully appreciated when viewed from the air. longitudinal extent längenmäßige Ausdehnung to the extent that (insofar as) insofern als the extent of destruction das Ausmaß der Zerstörung to a great extent im Großen und Ganzen to a certain extent in gewissem Maße the extent of knowledge der Wissensumfang to some extent bis zu einem gewissen Grad to that extent in diesem Punkt to what extent inwieweit to an extent in gewissem Maße to such an extent that ... dermaßen [o. derart] , dass ... to the same extent as ... in gleichem Maße wie ... the extent of a credit die Höhe eines Kredits to a lesser degree [or extent] in geringerem Maße

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redemption claim Rückzahlungsanspruch m excessive claim übertriebene Forderung contingent claim JUR bedingter Anspruch m specious claim unfundierte Forderung compensation claim Schadenersatzanspruch m mortgage claim Hypothekenforderung f prior claim JUR vorrangiger Anspruch legal claim Rechtsanspruch m small claim Bagatellsache f [mining] claim Claim nt valid claim berechtigter Anspruch patent claim Patentanspruch m unofficial estimates claim that ... inoffiziellen Schätzungen zufolge ... to claim unemployment compensation Arbeitslosengeld [o. Arbeitslosenunterstützung] beziehen to claim unemployment insurance Arbeitslosengeld [o. Arbeitslosenunterstützung] beziehen to claim unemployment benefit Arbeitslosengeld [o. Arbeitslosenunterstützung] beziehen to abandon a claim einen Anspruch aufgeben to establish a claim einen Anspruch nachweisen to press one's claim auf seiner Forderung beharren claim [kleim] ♦ verb 1 to say that something is a fact: He claims to be the best runner in the class. ادعا کردن 2 to demand as a right: You must claim your money back if the goods are damaged. طلب کردن 3 to state that one is the owner of: Does anyone claim this book? ادعای مالکیت چیزی را کردن ♦ noun 1 a statement (that something is a fact): Her claim that she was the millionaire's daughter was disproved. ادعا 2 (a demand for) a payment of compensation etc : a claim for damages against her employer. مطالبۀ غرامت 3 a demand for something which (one says) one owns or has a right to: a rightful claim to the money. طلب؛ خواسته ˈclaimant ♦ noun a person who makes a claim: a claimant to the throne. مدعی؛ خواهان claim noun [C] (STATEMENT) C1 a statement that something is true or is a fact, although other people might not believe it: He said the police assaulted him while he was in custody, a claim that the police deny. [ + that ] The government's claim that it would reduce taxes proved false. Can you give any evidence to support your claim? He made wild claims about being able to cure cancer. More examples I haven't seen one iota of evidence to support his claim. His claim to be an important and unjustly neglected painter is sheer self-deception - he's no good at all. There is a growing body of evidence to support their claim. Many experts remain sceptical about his claims. I suspect his claims are not all they seem - he tends to exaggerate. claim noun [C] (DEMAND) B2 a written request asking an organization to pay you an amount of money that you believe they owe you: After her house was burgled, she made a claim on her insurance. Please submit your claim for travelling expenses to the accounts department. a right to have something or get something from someone: She has no rightful claim to the title. Our neighbours have no claim to (= cannot say that they own) that strip of land between our houses. My ex-wife has no claims on me (= has no right to any of my money). More examples I enclose a cheque in settlement of your claim. He marked the spot on his map where he had seen the gold and returned later that month to stake his claim. The company produced receipts in substantiation of its claim. We had to send a doctor's report in support of our claim to the insurance company. She made a claim for compensation. /klām/ vt., n. ● ادعا کردن،مدعی شدن،خواستن،طلب کردن،خواستار بودن she claimed that the ring was hers او ادعا کرد که انگشتر مال اوست. they came, it is claimed, because they were invited ادعا می‌شود که آنها چون دعوت شده بودند آمدند. the terrorists claimed responsibility for the bombing تروریست‌ها مسئولیت بمب‌گذاری را به عهده گرفتند. he claimed his father's confiscated property او املاک مصادره شده‌ی پدرش را می‌خواست. teaching and writing claim almost all of my time تدریس و نگارش تقریبا همه‌ی وقت مرا می‌گیرد. the striking workers are claiming a pay raise کارگران اعتصابی خواستار اضافه مزد هستند. a problem that claims attention مسئله‌ای که درخور توجه است (توجه می‌طلبد). ● ادعا،خواسته،دعوی،حق،مطالبه they denied her legal claim حق قانونی او را نادیده گرفتند. a hereditary claim حق موروثی do you have any claims concerning the ownership of this jewel? آیا ادعایی نسبت به مالکیت این جواهر دارید؟ ● هر چیز مورد ادعا،(امریکا) زمینی که کوچ‌نشینان در آن کشت کرده و ازآن خود می‌دانستند،(بیمه) مبلغ خسارت (که به بیمه شده داده می‌شود)،طلب،طلب حق after the fire, the company faced millions of dollars in claims پس از آتش سوزی شرکت با میلیون‌ها دلار ادعای خسارت مواجه شد. ● استحقاق a claim to fame استحقاق شهرت * lay claim to مدعی شدن،خواستار شدن،از آن خود دانستن he laid claim to half of the company's assets او خواستار نیمی از دارایی شرکت شد.

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sexual gratification sexuelle Befriedigung with [some] gratification mit [einer gewissen] Genugtuung gratification noun [ U ] UK /ˌɡræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌɡræt̬.ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ pleasure or satisfaction, or something which provides this: sexual gratification Some people expect instant gratification (= to get what they want immediately). See gratify More examples Sales of chocolate-covered snacks are up as people seek immediate gratification. The children who were best at delaying gratification had better academic and social skills. Our culture is geared towards short-term gratification. ger: 🤪 Gra•ti•fi•ka•ti•on [-'t ̮sjoːn] die; -, -en; eine Geldsumme, die jemand, der eine feste Arbeit hat, bei einer besonderen Gelegenheit (z. B. zu Weihnachten) zusätzlich zum normalen Lohn od. Gehalt von seiner Firma bekommt || -K: Urlaubsgratifikation, Weihnachtsgratifikation Bedeutungen: [1] zusätzliches Arbeitsentgelt zu besonderen Anlässen, zum Beispiel zu Weihnachten Herkunft: lateinisch gratificatio = Gefälligkeit, zu: gratificari, ↑gratifizieren [Quellen fehlen] Oberbegriffe: [1] Sondervergütung, Sonderzuwendung Unterbegriffe: [1] Weihnachtsgratifikation, Urlaubsgratifikation Beispiele: [1] „Eine Vielzahl von Arbeitsverträgen enthalten die Zusage einer Gratifikation.“[1]

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later on phrase B1 at a time in the future, or after the time you have mentioned: What are you doing later on this evening? Shall I go and fetch her later on? Later on, we could go and have a meal if you like. Research has found that music instruction early on in life may be linked to better mathematical ability later on. If you get into debt now, it is likely to cause a lot of problems for you later on. Later on, we broke into smaller groups to discuss what we had heard. See also later adverb AFTERWARDS I'll call you later on. Synonyms and examples afterwards mainly UK Afterwards I was sorry I'd been so hasty. after They met in 1962 and got married not long after. later What are you doing later? at a later date We can add these details at a later date. next Next, a balloon and stent are used to open the blocked artery. subsequently I subsequently found out that he had been stealing money from the company.

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gnaw verb [I + prep, T] (BITE) to bite or chew something repeatedly, usually making a hole in it or gradually destroying it: Babies like to gnaw hard objects when they're teething. A dog lay under the table, gnawing on a bone. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples to chew food chew Make sure you chew your food thoroughly. bite She bit into the apple. nibble She nibbled on peanuts while waiting for her dinner to cook. munch He munched popcorn throughout the whole film. crunch She was crunching on an apple. chompHe was chomping a chocolate bar. o make you feel worried or uncomfortable: I've been gnawed by guilt about not replying to her letter yet. The feeling that I've forgotten something has been gnawing at me all day. gnaw [noː] ♦ verb to bite or chew with a scraping movement: The dog was gnawing a large bone; The mice have gnawed holes in the walls of this room. تکه تکه جویدن؛ گاز گاز کردن gnawing ♦ adjective annoying; disturbing: a gnawing problem. آزار دهنده /nô/ vi., vt. ● با دندان قطعه قطعه بریدن و جویدن (مثل برخی درندگان)،گاز گاز کردن،خاییدن،موش‌وار جویدن to gnaw a hole با جویدن سوراخ کردن the wolves gnawed at the carcass گرگ‌ها لاشه را با دندان تکه‌پاره کردند. a dog gnawing a bone سگی که استخوان در دهان می‌جود ● فرسودن،پوساندن،خوردن (فلزات و غیره) anxiety is gnawing him (from within) اضطراب او را از درون می‌خورد. waves gnawing away at the cliffs امواجی که صخره‌ها را می‌فرساید the anxious woman gnawed at her underlip زن دلواپس،لب زیرین خود را می‌جوید.

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penetrating adjective UK /ˈpen.ɪ.treɪ.tɪŋ/ US /ˈpen.ə.treɪ.t̬ɪŋ/ penetrating adjective (LOUD) very loud: I heard a penetrating scream. He has a very penetrating voice. pungent [ˈpandʒənt] ♦ adjective (of a taste or smell) sharp and strong. تند ˈpungently ♦ adverb . بطور تند و تیز penetrant penetrating penetranter Geruch a pungent smell /pun´jǝnt/ adj. ● (بو یا مزه) تند،پر ادویه،زبان‌گز a pungent smell بوی تند pungent pickle ترشی پر ادویه ● (در فکر) دردآور،تیز گونه ● (سبک نگارش و سخن) تند و تیز،گزنده،بران pungent words حرف‌های نیشدار ● انگیزنده،انگیزگر،انگیزان،محرک ● از روی زرنگی،زیرکانه pungent adjective UK /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/ US /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/ smelling or tasting very strong and sharp: the pungent whiff of a goat I sat down to a cup of wonderfully pungent Turkish coffee. Synonyms fetid formalfunky (BAD) US informalmalodorous formalniffy UK informalputrid (DECAYED)rank (SMELL)smellystinking informalstinky informalwhiffy UK informal Opposites fragrantperfumedscented literary spoken or written in a way that has a strong effect: pungent criticism/commentary She is very good at writing pungent, funny dialogue. More examples The air is full of the pungent odor of chicken houses and pig farms. You could wear thin, disposable gloves when you handle garlic, onion, fish, or other pungent foods. Fish sauce is salty and pungent. People love a pungent quotation, a witty maxim. Perhaps the most pungent and affecting comment came from a young African American woman: "I don't get why we're fighting for somebody else's freedom when we barely have our own."

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vary [ˈveəri] ♦ verb to make, be or become different: These apples vary in size from small to medium. تغییر یافتن ˈvariable ♦ adjective 1 that may be varied: The machine works at a variable speed. متغییر 2 (of eg winds, weather etc ) liable or likely to change: British weather is very variable. تغییر پذیر ♦ noun something that varies, eg in quantity, value, effect etc : Have you taken all the variables into account in your calculations? متغییر ˈvariably ♦ adverb . بطور تغییر پذیر ˌvariaˈbility– plural variaˈbilities – ♦ noun . تغییر پذیری ˌvariˈation ♦ noun 1 the extent to which a thing changes: In the desert there are great variations in temperature. میزان تغییر 2 one of a series of musical elaborations made on a basic theme or melody: Brahms' variations on Haydn's `St Anthony's Chorale'. دگرآوایی ˈvaried ♦ adjective He has had a very varied career. متفاوت /ver´ē, var´-/ vi., vt. ● تغییر دادن،دگرسان کردن،متفاوت کردن،عوض کردن،گهولیدن،کم و زیاد کردن to vary the color sequences ترتیب رنگ‌ها را عوض کردن varying degrees of temperature درجات مختلف حرارت ● تغییر یافتن،دگرسان شدن،متفاوت شدن،فرق داشتن،کم و زیاد شدن varying opinions عقاید متفاوت this editon varies from all the others این ویرایش با همه‌ی ویرایش‌های دیگر فرق دارد. ● متنوع کردن یا شدن،کم و زیاد کردن یا شدن،چندسان کردن یا شدن،گوناگون کردن یا شدن to vary one's activities فعالیت‌های خود را چندسان کردن a varied program, both educational and entertaing opinions vary as to ... was ... angeht, gehen die Meinungen auseinander to vary in quality sich Akk qualitätsmäßig unterscheiden to vary greatly [or widely] stark voneinander abweichen to vary one's diet abwechslungsreich essen to fluctuate/vary wildly stark fluktuieren/schwanken to vary within wide limits MATH innerhalb weiter Grenzen schwanken to vary about the same value MATH um den gleichen Wert schwanken conditions vary from one employer to another die Bedingungen sind von Arbeitgeber zu Arbeitgeber unterschiedlich

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/hās´tē/ adj. ● شتابزده،عجولانه،شتاب‌آمیز،کرامند a hasty lunch نهار با عجله a hasty departure عزیمت شتاب‌آمیز ● بی‌فکرانه،باشتابزدگی،بلامقدمه a hasty decision تصمیم با شتابزدگی a hasty marriage ازدواج عجولانه ● بی‌صبر،عجول،ناشکیبا don't be so hasty! اینقدر بی‌صبر نباش‌! ● با آزردگی،از روی دلخوری،با تندی hasty words حرف‌های تند ● زود خشم،زودرنج،آتشی مزاج a man of hasty temper مردی که زود از جا در می‌رود * hastily, adv. باشتاب،با شتابزدگی،باعجله،کرامندانه Saloumeh ate her lunch hastily سالومه با عجله نهارش را خورد.

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/hās´tē/ adj. ● شتابزده،عجولانه،شتاب‌آمیز،کرامند a hasty lunch نهار با عجله a hasty departure عزیمت شتاب‌آمیز ● بی‌فکرانه،باشتابزدگی،بلامقدمه a hasty decision تصمیم با شتابزدگی a hasty marriage ازدواج عجولانه ● بی‌صبر،عجول،ناشکیبا don't be so hasty! اینقدر بی‌صبر نباش‌! ● با آزردگی،از روی دلخوری،با تندی hasty words حرف‌های تند ● زود خشم،زودرنج،آتشی مزاج a man of hasty temper مردی که زود از جا در می‌رود * hastily, adv. باشتاب،با شتابزدگی،باعجله،کرامندانه Saloumeh ate her lunch hastily سالومه با عجله نهارش را خورد. hasty adjective UK /ˈheɪ.sti/ US /ˈheɪ.sti/ Hasty actions are done in a hurry, sometimes without the necessary care or thought: He warned against making hasty decisions. Now let's not leap to any hasty conclusions. We saw the rain and made a hasty retreat into the bar. I think perhaps we were a little hasty in judging him. Synonym Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples fast fast I tried to catch him, but he was too fast for me. quick I tried to catch him, but he was too quick for me. prompt A prompt reply would be very much appreciated. speedy Everyone is hoping for a speedy resolution to the conflict. swift The teacher's swift action saved his life.

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destined adjective (PLACE) travelling or being sent to somewhere: Customs officers have seized nearly a ton of heroin destined for New York. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases destined adjective (FUTURE) controlled by fate, and not by humans: She is destined for an extremely successful career. [ + to infinitive ] These plans are destined to fail. [ + that ] Do you think it was destined that we should one day meet? destined [ˈdestind] ♦ adjective 1 (having a future) organized or arranged beforehand (by a person or by fate): She was destined for success. مقدر شده برای 2 bound or heading (for a place): destined for Singapore. عازم؛ رهسپار /des´tin/ vt. ● (معمولا به حالت مجهول) مقدر شدن یا کردن،سرنوشت شدن he was destined to die young سرنوشت او این بود که در جوانی بمیرد. ● تخصیص دادن،(برای منظور خاصی) در نظر گرفتن،کنارگذاشتن،اختصاص دادن funds destined for the construction of the road بودجه‌ای که برای ساختن راه اختصاص داده شده بود * destined for 1- عازم،رهسپار،به مقصد a letter destined for Kashan نامه‌ای که به مقصد کاشان ارسال شده بود 2- مقدر شده برای he was destined for greatness مقدر شده بود که آدم بزرگی بشود. to be destined for higher things zu Höherem berufen sein these plans are destined to fail diese Pläne sind zum Scheitern verurteilt to be destined to do sth dazu bestimmt sein, etw zu tun she is destined for an extremely successful career ihr steht eine sehr erfolgreiche Karriere bevor customs officers have seized heroin destined for New York Zollbeamte haben Heroin beschlagnahmt, das für New York bestimmt war

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immediate adjective UK /ɪˈmiː.di.ət/ US /ɪˈmiː.di.ət/ B2 happening or done without delay or very soon after something else: We must make an immediate response. Dioxin is a poison that takes immediate effect. C1 used to refer to something or someone that is close to, or is a cause of or an effect of, something or someone else: There are few facilities in the immediate area. An immediate result/effect of the war was a breakdown of law and order. B2 in the present or as soon as possible: We have no immediate plans. The public has demanded his immediate resignation. coming just before or just after someone or something: Her leadership style is completely different from that of her immediate predecessor. Inspectors reported several malfunctions at the power plant in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake. immediate [iˈmiːdiət] ♦ adjective 1 happening at once and without delay: an immediate response. بلافاصله 2 without anyone etc coming between: His immediate successor was Bill Jones. بی واسطه 3 close: our immediate surroundings. نزدیک imˈmediately ♦ adverb at once: He answered immediately. فوراً؛ مستقیماً ♦ conjunction as soon as: You may leave immediately you finish your work. به مجرد اینکه adj. ● بی‌واسطه،بی‌میانگیر،نامجزا،بی‌میاندار،متصل،به هم چسبیده،پهلویی،دیوار به دیوار،نزدیک،خویشاوند نزدیک (والدین و برادران و خواهران) my immediate neighbors همسایه‌های دیوار به دیوار من bring the chemicals into immediate contact تماس مستقیم بین مواد شیمیایی برقرار کنید. only the immediate family was present فقط اعضای نزدیک خانواده حضور داشتند. ● (در وراثت و جانشینی) نفر بعد،ولیعهد،بلافصل immediate heir وارث بلافصل ● مستقیم،دست اول،راست he had cancer but the immediate cause of his death was choking on food او سرطان داشت ولی علت اصلی مرگش،گیر کردن غذا در گلو بود. ● (مستقیما درک شده یا متوجه شده) غریزی،فطری immediate knowledge دانش فطری an immediate inference استنتاج غریزی ● بلافاصله،بی‌درنگ،فورا،فوری،در دم،به محض اینکه،تا،یکدم،آنی an immediate need for help نیاز فوری به کمک immediate expenses هزینه‌های فوری her father wanted an immediate marriage پدرش خواهان عروسی فوری بود. * the immediate past (or future) گذشته‌ی (آینده‌ی) نزدیک immediate vicinity unmittelbare Umgebung immediate consequences unmittelbare Konsequenzen immediate cause unmittelbarer Grund immediate object Nahziel nt sb's immediate friends jds engste Freunde sb's immediate family jds nächste Angehörige sb's immediate boss/superior jds unmittelbarer [o. direkter] Chef/Vorgesetzter an immediate result ein sofortiges Ergebnis

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determine verb (DECIDE) C1 [ T often passive ] to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen: The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend. Your health is determined in part by what you eat. Eye colour is genetically determined. [ + question word ] formal Officials will determine whether or not the game will be played. People should be allowed to determine their own future. [ T ] formal to make a strong decision: [ + that ] She determined that one day she would be an actor. [ + to infinitive ] On leaving jail, Joe determined to reform. More examples Genes determine how we develop from the moment the sperm fuses with the egg. The economy is regarded as the decisive/key factor which will determine the outcome of the general election. The success of the event will be determined by the vagaries of the weather. People want to determine their own destinies. The amount of money the bank is willing to lend is determined by the value of the property. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases determine verb (DISCOVER) C1 [ T ] formal to discover the facts or truth about something: The police never actually determined the cause of death. [ + question word ] It is the responsibility of the court to determine whether these men are innocent. [ + that ] The jury determined that the men were guilty. determine [diˈtəːmin] ♦ verb 1 to fix or settle; to decide: He determined his course of action. معیین کردن؛ مشخص کردن 2 to find out exactly: He tried to determine what had gone wrong. دقیقاً مشخص کردن؛ معلوم کردن deˌtermiˈnation ♦ noun 1 firmness of character or stubbornness: She showed her determination by refusing to give way. عزم راسخ؛ ارادۀ محکم 2 the act of determining. تعیین؛ معیین سازی deˈtermined ♦ adjective 1 having one's mind made up: She is determined to succeed. مصمم؛ قاطع 2 stubborn: He's very determined. سمج؛ قد 3 fixed or settled: Our route has already been determined. مشخص؛ معیین /dē tu_r´mǝn, di-/ vt., vi. ● تعیین کردن،معین کردن،مشخص کردن،گماردن،دانسته کردن،معلوم کردن،پیش‌گذاشت کردن we must determine the cause of this disease ما باید علت این بیماری را معلوم کنیم. the date of the next meeting will be determined tomorrow تاریخ جلسه‌ی بعدی فردا تعیین خواهد شد. the central bank determines the amount of money in circulation بانک مرکزی میزان پول در گردش را معین می‌کند. ● حکم قطعی دادن،(به طور قطعی) داوری کردن،رای قطعی صادر کردن،مورد مطالعه و نظردهی قرار دادن،نظر نهایی دادن، the U.S. Surgeon General has determined that cigarette smoking can be hazardous to your health مدیر کل بهداری امریکا نظر داده است که کشیدن سیگار ممکن است برای سلامتی مضر باشد. the judge will determine his fate قاضی سرنوشت او را تعیین خواهد کرد. ● ماهیت چیزی را تعیین کردن،پیش‌گمار کردن genes also determine height and looks ژن‌ها قد و قیافه را هم تعیین می‌کنند. ● (دقیقا) محاسبه کردن،برآورد کردن،به تحقیق معلوم کردن to determine a ship's position مکان کشتی را تعیین کردن ● (حقوق) به پایان رسیدن یا رساندن،سلب کردن یا شدن ● تصمیم گرفتن،اراده کردن when he really determines to do something, he does it وقتی واقعا اراده به انجام کاری بکند آن را انجام می‌دهد. * determine on (or upon) something (در مورد چیزی) تصمیم قطعی گرفتن،کمر همت بستن * determine somebody against something کسی را برضد چیزی (یا در رد چیزی) مصمم کردن their behavior determined Pari against going to their house again رفتار آنان پری را مصمم کرد که دیگر به خانه‌ی آنها نرود.

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suspicion noun US /səˈspɪʃ·ən/ suspicion noun (FEELING OR BELIEF) [ C ] a feeling or belief that something is likely or true: [ + that clause ] There are suspicions that he may not be able to play at all. suspicion noun (BELIEF IN GUILT) [ C/U ] the belief that someone is guilty of something: [ C ] His strange behavior raised suspicions among his co-workers. suspicion noun (DOUBT) [ U ] lack of belief in someone or something; doubt: Because he was a new arrival, other workers looked at him with suspicion. suspicion noun (SMALL AMOUNT) [ S ] a small amount: He gave just a suspicion of a smile. I have a suspicion of doubt about whether I should accept his invitation or not. under suspicion unter Verdacht lingering suspicion [zurück]bleibender Verdacht sneaking suspicion leiser Verdacht the finger of suspicion die Verdachtsmomente pl the taint of suspicion die Spur eines Verdachts suspicion of money laundering Geldwäschereiverdacht m to be under suspicion unter Verdacht stehen to evoke a suspicion einen Verdacht erregen to sow suspicion Misstrauen wecken a horrible suspicion ein schrecklicher Verdacht to arouse suspicion Verdacht erregen a vague suspicion eine vage Vermutung an uneasy suspicion ein beunruhigender Verdacht to have a suspicion that ... den Verdacht haben, dass ... to lie under a suspicion unter einem Verdacht stehen suspicion immediately fell on him der Verdacht fiel sofort auf ihn to regard sb with suspicion jdm mit Misstrauen begegnen to throw suspicion on[to] sb den Verdacht auf jdn lenken to confirm sb's feelings/suspicion jds Gefühle/Verdacht erhärten /sǝ spish´ǝn/ n., vt. ● سوظن،بدگمانی،شک I dispelled their suspicion سوظن آنان را برطرف کردم. he looks at foreigners with suspicion او به برون‌مرزی‌ها با بد گمانی نگاه می‌کند. ● گمان،حدس،ظن،پندار،احتمال a suspicion of tuberculosis احتمال مرض سل ● اثر،نشانه،رد we didn't have the least suspicion of their impending marriage کمترین نشانه‌ای از ازدواج قریب الوقوع آنها در دست نداشتیم. ● (عامیانه) سوظن داشتن،ظنین بودن،بدگمان بودن * above suspicion شرافتمند،سوظن ناپذیر * on suspicion (of) به اتهام،به سوظن he was fired on suspicion of communist sympathies به اتهام همدردی با کمونیست‌ها اخراج شد. * under suspicion تحت اتهام،مورد سوظن

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implication noun UK /ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌɪm.pləˈkeɪ.ʃən/ C2 [ C or U ] an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly: [ + that ] From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. She accused the party and, by implication, its leader too. Synonyms hint (INDIRECT STATEMENT)imputation formalindication (SIGN)innuendoinsinuationintimation formalsuggestion C1 [ C usually plural ] the effect that an action or decision will have on something else in the future: The company is cutting back its spending and I wonder what the implications will be for our department. What are the implications of the new law? Implikation Im·pli·ka·ti·on die Implikation SUBST 1. geh. die Tatsache, dass in einem Sachverhalt ein anderer (logisch) enthalten ist oder sein soll Die Äußerung hat einige gewichtige Implikationen., Der Forscher hatte auf die folgenschweren Implikationen dieser These bereits 1962 hingewiesen. 2. philos.: sprachwiss.: die Bezeichnung für die logische Beziehung "wenn ..., dann ..." GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany 2015. im•pli•zie•ren; implizierte, hat impliziert; [Vt] jemand/etwas impliziert etwas geschr; jemand/etwas deutet etwas an (ohne es direkt auszusprechen): Seine Aussage impliziert, dass er von dem Verbrechen gewusst haben muss || hierzu Im•pli•ka•ti•on die; -, -nen implicate verb [ T ] US /ˈɪm·plɪˌkeɪt/ to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened: A lot of people were implicated in the scandal. 🤪 explication noun [ C or U ] formal UK /ˌek.splɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌek.spləˈkeɪ.ʃən/ the act of explaining something in detail, especially a piece of writing or an idea: His explication of each side's strategies and tactics is gripping. There's too much explication in the play and not enough action. He seems to require endless, occasionally tiresome explication to convey his ideas. She provided a helpful explication of current positions in the disciplines of linguistics and literary analysis. The children of the poor stay poor, to an extent far beyond any explication. We heard clear explication of the competing scientific theories. explicate verb [ T ] formal UK /ˈek.splɪ.keɪt/ US /ˈek.splə.keɪt/ to explain something in detail, especially a piece of writing or an idea: This is a book which clearly explicates Marx's later writings.

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explicit adjective UK /ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/ US /ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/ C2 clear and exact: I gave her very explicit directions how to get here. She was very explicit about (= said very clearly and exactly) what she thought was wrong with the plans. I wasn't aware that I would be paying - you certainly didn't make it explicit (= state it clearly). Compare implicit C2 showing or talking about sex or violence in a very detailed way: a sexually explicit movie explicit [ikˈsplisit] ♦ adjective stated, or stating, fully and clearly: explicit instructions; Can you be more explicit? صریح؛ بی پرده exˈplicitly ♦ adverb . صراحتاً؛ بی پرده exˈplicitness ♦ noun . صراحت eks plis´it, ik splis´-/ adj. ● روشن،صریح،عیان،آشکار،بی پرده (در برابر: ناآشکار،مضمر implicit) an officer's explicit orders to the soldier دستورات صریح افسر به سربازان ● رک،رک و روباز،بی رودربایستی،بی شیله پیله let's be explicit about our expectations بیا درباره‌ی توقعات خود رک و روباز باشیم. ● آشکار،آ 😎implicit adjective UK /ɪmˈplɪs.ɪt/ US /ɪmˈplɪs.ɪt/ implicit adjective (NOT DIRECT) C2 suggested but not communicated directly: He interpreted her comments as an implicit criticism of the government. Implicit in the poem's closing lines are the poet's own religious doubts. felt by someone or influencing them without them being aware of it: The experiment was designed to measure implicit racial bias. Egalitarian intentions are not enough to protect against the effect of implicit attitudes. implicit [imˈplisit] ♦ adjective 1 unquestioning; complete: implicit obedience. قطعی 2 implied (not explicitly stated); understood indirectly: The diplomat's statement contained implicit criticism of the government. تلویحی imˈplicitly ♦ adverb . بطور ضمنی؛ بی چون و چرا

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B2 to keep a road, machine, building, etc. in good condition: A large house costs a lot to maintain. The roads in the town have been very poorly maintained. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases maintain verb [T] (EXPRESS) C2 to express firmly your belief that something is true: Throughout his prison sentence, Dunn has always maintained his innocence. [ + that ] He maintains that he has never seen the woman before. maintain [meinˈtein] ♦ verb 1 to continue: How long can you maintain this silence? ادامه دادن 2 to keep in good condition: He maintains his car very well. نگهداری کردن 3 to pay the expenses of: How can you maintain a wife and three children on your small salary? پشتیبانی کردن 4 to continue to argue or believe (that): I maintain that the theory is true. مدعی بودن ˈmaintenance [-tənəns] ♦ noun 1 the process of keeping something in good condition: car maintenance. حفاظت 2 the act of maintaining (a point of view etc ). نگهداری to righteously maintain that ... selbstgerecht behaupten, dass ... similarly, you could maintain ... genauso gut könnten Sie behaupten, ... to maintain professional conduct professionell auftreten to maintain the dividend Dividenden in gleicher Höhe ausschütten to maintain one's objectivity seine Objektivität bewahren to maintain peak capacity mit der maximalen Produktionsleistung arbeiten to maintain a position eine Stellung behalten to maintain a garden einen Garten pflegen to maintain the lead in Führung bleiben to maintain one's innocence seine Unschuld beteuern to maintain a blockade eine Blockade aufrechterhalten to maintain silence Stillschweigen bewahren to maintain course den Kurs [beibe]halten to keep [or maintain] one's course übtr seiner Richtung treu bleiben to maintain a low profile sich Akk zurückhalten to maintain an amiable façade nach außen hin freundlich bleiben to lose/maintain one's equilibrium (physical balance) sein Gleichgewicht verlieren/halten to maintain one's dignity/sanity seine Würde/geistige Gesundheit bewahren

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demystify verb [ T ] UK /ˌdiːˈmɪs.tɪ.faɪ/ US /ˌdiːˈmɪs.tə.faɪ/ to make something easier to understand: What I need is a book that will demystify the workings of a car engine for me. verb clarify, elucidate, remove mysterious elements to demystify sth etw enträtseln [o. entmystifizieren] 😎 mystify [ˈmistifai] ♦ verb to be impossible (for someone) to explain or understand: I was mystified by his behaviour. رمزى کردن mis´tǝ fī´/ vt. ● سردرگم کردن،مبهوت کردن،گیج کردن I was mystified by what he said mystify verb [ T often passive ] UK /ˈmɪs.tɪ.faɪ/ US /ˈmɪs.tə.faɪ/ to confuse someone by being or doing something very strange or impossible to explain: I was mystified by her decision. Most Americans are totally mystified by the English game of cricket. to mystify sb jdn vor ein Rätsel stellen most Americans seem totally mystified by cricket den meisten Amerikanern ist Kricket ein ewiges Rätsel his behaviour mystified us all sein Verhalten verblüffte uns alle völlig mys·ti·fi·zie·ren mystifizieren VERB (mit OBJ) jmd. mystifiziert jmdn./etwas 1. geh. etwas geheimnisvoll erscheinen lassen die Schöpfung mystifizieren 2. veralt. täuschen mys•ti•fi•zie•ren; mystifizierte, hat mystifiziert; [Vt] etwas mystifizieren eine Sache zu einem Mysterium machen: den Tod mystifizieren || hierzu Mys•ti•fi•ka•ti•on die; -, -en

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B2 a period of time of which particular events or stages of development are typical: the Jefferson era a bygone (= past) era the post-war era They had worked for peace during the long era of conflict. The fall of the Berlin wall marked the end of an era. era [ˈiərə] ♦ noun 1 a number of years counting from an important point in history: the Victorian era. دوره؛ زمانه 2 a period of time marked by an important event or events: an era of social reform. عصر؛ دوران era [ˈiərə] ♦ noun 1 a number of years counting from an important point in history: the Victorian era. دوره؛ زمانه 2 a period of time marked by an important event or events: an era of social reform. عصر؛ دوران /ir´ǝ, er´ǝ/ n. ● (روش نشان دادن زمان با آغاز از زمانی معین) تقویم،گاه شماری،گاه شمار the Christian era گاه شماری مسیحی (مبنا قرار دادن میلاد مسیح) the Roman era was computed from the date when Rome was supposedly founded تقویم رومی از زمان فرضی بنیادگذاری روم آغاز می‌شد. ● نقطه‌ی عطف،نقطه‌ی بازگشت (تاریخ یا رویدادی که آغاز دوره یا فصل مهمی از چیزی را مشخص می‌کند)،مبدا تاریخ a hundred years before the Christian era صد سال پیش از میلاد مسیح (پیش از تاریخ مسیحی) ● عصر،دوره،زمانه،روزگار an era of progress عصر ترقی the Victorian era دوره‌ی ویکتوریا a new era in the composition of bilingual dictionaries دورانی نوین در نگارش فرهنگ‌های دو زبانه ● (هر یک از پنج دوران اصلی که اعصار زمین شناسی را به آن تقسیم می‌کنند) دوران (در برابر: دور epoch و دوره period) the Paleozoic era دوران کهن bygone era vergangene Zeit Communist era Ära f [o. Zeitalter nt ] des Kommunismus to introduce an era eine Ära einleiten a vanished era/past ein verflossenes Zeitalter/eine vergangene Zeit post-war era Nachkriegsära f the advent of an era der Anbruch eines neuen Zeitalters to herald a new era eine neue Ära einläuten the passing of an era das Ende einer Ära to usher in an era eine neue Zeit [o. Ära] einläuten to usher in a new epoch/era eine neue Epoche/Ära einleiten the change of government inaugurated a new era of austerity form der Regierungswechsel läutete eine neue Ära der Entbehrungen ein

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rival noun [ C ] UK /ˈraɪ.vəl/ US /ˈraɪ.vəl/ C1 a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area: He beat his closest/nearest rival by 20 marks. The companies produce rival versions of the toy. The airline admitted being involved in a dirty tricks campaign to win customers from their rival. She hired an assassin to eliminate her rival. C2 to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else: No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity. The beauty of the country is only rivalled by (= is as great in degree as) the violence of its politics. rival [ˈraivəl] ♦ noun a person etc who tries to compete with another; a person who wants the same thing as someone else: For students of English, this dictionary is without a rival; The two brothers are rivals for the girl next door – they both want to marry her; (also adjective ) rival companies; rival teams. رقیب ♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈrivalled , (American ) ˈrivaled – to (try to) be as good as someone or something else: He rivals his brother as a chess-player; Nothing rivals football for excitement and entertainment. رقابت کردن ˈrivalry– plural ˈrivalries – ♦ noun the state of or an instance of being rivals: the rivalry/rivalries between business companies. رقابت؛ همچشمی noun - rival رقیب: rival, competitor, adversary, antagonist, corrival حریف: opponent, adversary, rival, match, foe, competitor هم چشمی: rivalry, competition, emulation, rival سبقت گیر: rival هم چشمی کننده: rival verb - rival رقابت کردن: compete, challenge, vie, contend, corrival, rival rival factions rivalisierende Gruppen arch rival Erzrivale(-rivalin) m (f) rival camp gegnerisches Lager rival brand Konkurrenzmarke f arch-rival Erzrivale(-rivalin) m (f) rival camp/team gegnerisches Lager/gegnerische Mannschaft closest [or nearest] rival größter [o. schärfster] Rivale/größte [o. schärfste] Rivalin we were scooped by a rival paper eine konkurrierende Zeitung kam uns zuvor there was some aggro between rival football fans es kam zu Krawallen zwischen rivalisierenden Fußballfans to squeeze a rival out of the market übtr einen Rivalen/eine Rivalin aus dem Markt drängen übtr with his main rival out injured, he has a clear run at the title da sein Hauptrivale verletzt ist, hat er keine Konkurrenten beim Kampf um den Titel

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be conscious of something/someone B2 to notice that a particular thing or person exists or is present: My tooth doesn't exactly hurt, but I'm conscious of it (= I can feel it) all the time. See more conscious adjective (AWAKE) C1 awake, thinking, and knowing what is happening around you: He's still conscious but he's very badly injured. She's out of the operating theatre, but she's not fully conscious yet. figurative humorous "Can I speak to Isobel, please?" "She's still in bed. I'll go and see if she's conscious (= awake) yet." conscious [ˈkonʃəs] ♦ adjective 1 aware of oneself and one's surroundings; not asleep or in a coma or anaesthetized etc : The patient was conscious. بهوش؛ بیدار 2 (sometimes with of ) aware or having knowledge (of): They were conscious of his disapproval. آگاه؛ متوجه ˈconsciously ♦ adverb . آگاهانه ˈconsciousness ♦ noun The patient soon regained consciousness. هشیاری kän´shǝs/ adj. ● آگاه،متوجه are you conscious of what is going on behind the curtain? آیا به آنچه که در پس پرده اتفاق می‌افتد آگاهی داری‌؟ he became conscious of his wife's inquisitive looks او متوجه نگاه‌های کنجکاوانه‌ی زنش شد. ● هشیار،بهوش،ذی‌شعور،مستشعر،بیدار to become conscious به هوش آمدن to be conscious هشیار بودن ● رجوع شود به: self-conscious ● تعمدی،عمدی،آگاهانه he consciously ignored them او عمدا به آنها کم محلی کرد. to make a conscious effort با آگاهی تمام کوشیدن ● محسوس،دانسته conscious guilt گناه محسوس * the conscious (روان شناسی) خودآگاه،ضمیر خودآگاه consciously adverb UK /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.li/ US /ˈkɑːn.ʃəs.li/ in a way that involves noticing that a particular thing exists or is present: The patient may not be consciously aware of the emotion. You may hold biases, consciously or not, towards people who are different to you. in a way that is determined and intentional: I don't think she's consciously rude to people - it's just the way she is. I remember consciously saying to myself, "I do not want to be like them." The words are flashed on the screen too quickly to be consciously noticed. She was probably not consciously aware of the true nature of her feelings. I would like you to consciously attempt to reduce the negative elements in your life. That's when I consciously decided to change my life. fashion-conscious/security-conscious mode-/sicherheitsbewusst figure-conscious/health-conscious/weight-conscious figur-/gesundsheits-/gewichtsbewusst conscious state [volles] Bewusstsein money-conscious sparsam calorie-conscious kalorienbewusst to be money-conscious sparsam mit dem Geld umgehen a conscious decision eine bewusste Entscheidung to be figure-conscious figurbewusst sein a self-conscious laugh ein verlegenes Lachen money-conscious people Menschen, die auf ihr Geld achten semi-conscious state Dämmerzustand m sb is/becomes conscious [of the fact] that ... jd ist/wird sich Dat der Tatsache bewusst, dass ... the tooth doesn't exactly hurt but I'm conscious of it all the time der Zahn schmerzt nicht richtig, aber ich spüre ihn die ganze Zeit

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raise [reiz] ♦ verb 1 to move or lift to a high(er) position: Raise your right hand; Raise the flag. بالا بردن؛ برافراشتن 2 to make higher: If you paint your flat, that will raise the value of it considerably; We'll raise that wall about 20 centimetres. ترقی کردن؛ ارتقا دادن 3 to grow (crops) or breed (animals) for food: We don't raise pigs on this farm. پرورش دادن 4 to rear, bring up (a child): She has raised a large family. پروراندن 5 to state (a question, objection etc which one wishes to have discussed): Has anyone in the audience any points they would like to raise? پیشنهاد کردن 6 to collect; to gather: We'll try to raise money; The revolutionaries managed to raise a small army. گرد آوردن؛ بسیج کردن 7 to cause: His remarks raised a laugh. موجب شدن 8 to cause to rise or appear: The car raised a cloud of dust. به وجود آوردن؛ ایجاد کردن 9 to build (a monument etc ): They've raised a statue of Robert Burns / in memory of Robert Burns. ساختن؛ بنا کردن 10 to give (a shout etc ). سرو صدا کردن 11 to make contact with by radio: I can't raise the mainland. تماس گرفتن ♦ noun an increase in wages or salary: I'm going to ask the boss for a raise. اضافه حقوق raise someone's hopes to make someone more hopeful than he was. بر انگیختن raise hell/Cain / the roof etc to make a great deal of noise. محشر به پا کردن raise someone's spirits to make someone less unhappy. از بین بردن؛ پایان دادن to raise one's glass sein Glas zum Toast erheben to raise one's eyebrows die Augenbrauen hochziehen to raise the siege die Belagerung aufheben to raise an issue eine Frage aufwerfen to raise sb's profile jdn hervorheben to raise sth's profile etw bewusst[er] machen to raise a query Zweifel anmelden to raise sb's hopes jdm Hoffnung machen to raise a drawbridge eine Zugbrücke hochziehen to raise sb's spirits jdm Mut machen to raise the standard einen höheren Maßstab anlegen to raise an objection also JUR einen Einwand erheben to raise a rumpus ugs Krach schlagen ugs to raise the roof ausrasten sl to raise Cain [or hell] ugs Krach schlagen ugs to raise the baton den Taktstock heben to raise the glass das Glas erheben to raise the stakes ugs den Einsatz erhöhen /rāz/ n., vi., vt. ● بلند کردن،فرازاندن (در برابر: بلند شدن: rise - متضاد: پایین بردن lower) I raised my hat کلاه خود را بلند کردم (برداشتم و گذاشتم) the student raised his hand شاگرد دست خود را بلند کرد. Pari raised the lid of the box پری در جعبه را بلند کرد. I raised the old man from the ground پیرمرد را از زمین بلند کردم. to raise one's voice صدای خود را بلند کردن (داد زدن) ● بالا بردن،زیادتر کردن،ارتقا دادن the landlord raised the rent صاحبخانه اجاره را بالا برد (زیاد کرد). the builders raised the ceiling by one meter بناها تاق را یک متر بالاتر بردند. they raised his pay حقوق او را بالا بردند. he was raised to the rank of colonel او را به مقام سرهنگی رساندند. this button raises the temperature این دکمه حرارت را زیادتر می کند. to raise theater curtains پرده‌های تئاتر را بالا کشیدن to raise prices قیمت‌ها را بالا بردن ● گرد آوردن،بسیج کردن،جمع کردن،فراهم کردن to raise an army قشون گرد آوردن If sorrow raises an army... (حافظ) اگر غم لشگر انگیزد.... to raise money for quake victims برای زلزله زدگان پول جمع کردن ● (بچه) بار آوردن،بزرگ کردن،(گیاه و جانور) پروراندن،پروردن،پرورش دادن،به‌عمل آوردن they have raised four children آنها چهار فرزند بزرگ کرده‌اند. we raise wheat and beans ما گندم و لوبیا به عمل می آوریم. a farm for raising horses مزرعه‌ای برای پرورش اسب ● ذکر کردن،خاطر نشان کردن،(پرسش و پیشنهاد و غیره) کردن،پیش کشیدن،پیش‌گذاشت کردن she raised a few important issues او چند مطلب مهم را پیش کشید. the point I wish to raise is this ... نکته‌ای را که می‌خواهم خاطر نشان کنم این است که ... ● به صدا در آوردن،صدا کردن،(خنده‌و فریاد و غیره) برانگیختن،موجب شدن to raise a revolt شورش به پا کردن the soldiers raised a cheer سربازان هلهله کردند. to raise the alarm آژیر را به صدا در آوردن his words raised a laugh گفته‌های او موجب خنده شد. ● ایجاد کردن،به وجود آوردن the car raised a cloud of dust اتومبیل ابری از گرد و خاک ایجاد کرد. his deeds raised doubts about his honesty اعمالش موجب به وجود آمدن شک درباره‌ی صداقت او شد. ● ساختن (بنای بلند)،برپا کردن to raise a tower برج ساختن they raised a monument in his honor به افتخار او بنای یادبود ساختند. ● برداشتن،رفع کردن،پایان دادن to raise the seige of a city محاصره‌ی شهری را پایان دادن ● (دوباره) زنده کردن Christ raised him from the dead عیسی او را از عالم مردگان برخیزاند. ● (بازی ورق) روی دست کسی خواندن،توپ مجدد زدن ● (رادیو و تلفن و غیره) تماس گرفتن ● افراشتن،افراختن،هج کردن to raise the flag پرچم افراشتن ● بیدار کردن his shout raised the sleeping inhabitants فریاد او ساکنان را از خواب بیدار کرد. ● (خمیررا) ور آوردن ● (آواشناسی‌- با بالاتر قراردادن زبان صدای واکه را تغییر دادن) فراز کشیدن،بر کشیدن ● (محلی) رجوع شود به: rise و arise ● افزایش،بالابری،بلند کردن،فرازش،ارتقا ● افزایش مبلغ ● اضافه حقوق he got a raise اضافه حقوق گرفت. * raise a number by the power of another number (ریاضی) عددی را به توان معینی رساندن * raise Cain (or the devil or hell or a rumpus or the roof, etc.) بسیار خشمگین شدن،محشر به پا کردن،شور و شر ایجاد کردن * raise one's eyebrows (at something) (نسبت به چیزی) اظهار شک یا شگفتی یا ناخشنودی کردن * raise one's hopes (or fears or doubts etc.) امید (یاترس یا شک و غیره‌ی) کسی را زیاد کردن * raise one's hand to (or against) someone (به منظور کتک زدن) دست خود را به سوی کسی بلند کردن

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contrary noun [ S ] formal UK /ˈkɒn.trə.ri/ US /ˈkɑːn.tre.ri/ the contrary the opposite: I was worried that it might be too hard for me but it turned out the contrary was true. His death will be considered accidental unless the contrary is shown by existing evidence. Generally lower unemployment rates can halt inflation, but the contrary seems to be the case today. on the contrary B2 used to show that you think or feel the opposite of what has just been stated: "I thought you said the film was exciting?" "On the contrary, I nearly fell asleep half way through it!" See more to the contrary C1 saying or showing the opposite: For a long time it was thought to be a harmless substance, but we now have proof/evidence to the contrary. See more contrary1 [ˈkontrəri] ♦ adjective (often with to ) opposite (to) or in disagreement (with): That decision was contrary to my wishes; Contrary to popular belief he is an able politician. مخالف؛ ضد ♦ noun (with the ) the opposite. خلاف؛ ضد on the contrary the very opposite (is true): `Are you busy?' `No, on the contrary, I'm not doing anything at the moment.' برعکس /kän´trer´ē/ adj., adv., n., pl. ● برخلاف،مغایر،وارونگان،آخشیج contrary to the rule برخلاف قاعده contrary opinions عقاید مغایر ● (از نظر جهت یا ترتیب یا نهاد) مخالف،متفاوت،ضد،خلاف fire and water are contraries آب و آتش ضد هم هستند. contrary wind باد مخالف ● کژخوی،لجوج،کله‌شق،یکدنده like a contrary child مانند کودکی لجباز ● (منطق) عکس نقیض،پادنهش (قضیه‌ی دو بخشی که فقط یکی از بخش‌های آن صحیح و یا هر دو خطا است) * by contraries (قدیمی) برخلاف انتظار * contrary to برخلاف،برعکس contrary to what you said, even the desert can be productive برعکس آنچه که گفتی صحرا هم می‌تواند بارور باشد. * on the contrary برعکس،برخلاف (آنچه که گفته شده) he does not support the communists, on the contrary, he dislikes them او طرف‌دار کمونیست‌ها نیست،برعکس از آنها بدش می‌آید. contrary to good faith JUR entgegen den Geboten von Treu und Glauben assurance to the contrary gegenteilige Zusicherung contrary to [all] expectations wider Erwarten to think the contrary das [genaue] Gegenteil denken on [or quite] the contrary ganz im Gegenteil he's just being contrary er versucht einfach nur seinen Dickkopf durchzusetzen ugs proof to the contrary Gegenbeweis m contrary to popular belief entgegen der allgemeinen Auffassung to the contrary gegenteilig failing instructions to the contrary falls keine gegenteiligen Instruktionen erfolgen against [or contrary to] the regulations vorschriftswidrig contrary to common [or popular] opinion im Gegensatz zur allgemeinen Meinung against [or contrary to] [all] expectation[s] wider [alles] Erwarten geh contrary to my advice/expectations entgegen meinem Rat/meinen Erwartungen to accept opinions contrary to one's own gegenteilige Ansichten akzeptieren to put forward the contrary point of view die gegenteilige Ansicht vertreten if I don't hear anything to the contrary ... wenn ich nichts anderes [o. Gegenteiliges] höre ...

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myth noun (ANCIENT STORY) B2 [ C or U ] an ancient story or set of stories, especially explaining the early history of a group of people or about natural events and facts: ancient myths The children enjoyed the stories about the gods and goddesses of Greek and Roman myth. Most societies have their own creation myths. myth noun (FALSE IDEA) C1 [ C or U ] disapproving a commonly believed but false idea: Statistics disprove the myth that women are worse drivers than men. It can be difficult to disentangle fact from myth. myth [miθ] ♦ noun an ancient, fictional story, especially one dealing with gods, heroes etc . افسانه ˈmythical ♦ adjective . اسطوره اى ˈmythically ♦ adverb . افسانه وار mythology [miˈθolədʒi] ♦ noun (a collection of) myths. اسطوره شناسى ˌmythoˈlogical [-ˈlo-] ♦ adjective . اساطيرى /mith/ n. ● اسطوره،دستان (با legend و saga مقایسه شود) Greek and Roman myths اسطوره‌های یونان و روم the myth of Rustam and Sohrab اسطوره‌ی رستم و سهراب ● رجوع شود به: mythology ● داستان ساختگی،عقیده‌ی غیر علمی the myth of racial superiority افسانه‌ی برتری نژادی ● هر شخص یا چیز خیالی creation myth Schöpfungsmythos m to dispel a myth einen Mythos zerstören Greek and Roman myth die klassischen Sagen des Altertums to puncture a myth einen Mythos entzaubern to explode a myth einen Mythos zerstören it's just a myth that ... es ist ein Ammenmärchen, dass ... to disprove/explode a myth ein allgemein verbreitetes Gerücht widerlegen/ausmerzen to debunk a myth/theory einen Mythos/eine Theorie [an den/die viele glauben] stürzen [o. widerlegen]

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outgoing adjective UK /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ US /ˈaʊt.ɡoʊ.ɪŋ/ outgoing adjective (FRIENDLY) C1 approving UK /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ US /ˈaʊt.ɡoʊ-/ (of a person) friendly and energetic and finding it easy and enjoyable to be with others: Sales reps need to be outgoing, because they are constantly meeting customers. She has an outgoing personality. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples behaving in a kind and pleasant way friendly I like his sister - she's so friendly. nice Her boyfriend is really nice. amiable She was perfectly amiable. genial Our genial host led us to our room. congenial He's very congenial and so quite likeable. outgoing adjective (LEAVING) C2 [ before noun ] UK /ˈaʊtˌɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ US /-ˌɡoʊ-/ leaving a place, or leaving a job: Outgoing flights are booked until 15 January. the outgoing vice-president outgoing [autˈgouiŋ] ♦ adjective 1 friendly: a very outgoing personality. خوش برخورد 2 going out; leaving: the outgoing president. عزیمت /out´gō´iŋ/ adj., n. ● رفتن،عزیمت،برون‌روی،بازنشستگی،برکناری ● خوش معاشرت،خوش برخورد،جبین گشوده an outgoing person یک آدم خوش برخورد ● (انگلیس - معمولا جمع) هزینه (

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confer verb US /kənˈfɜr/ -rr- confer verb (TALK) [ I ] to talk together and exchange ideas, often with the intention of reaching a decision about something: I need to confer with my lawyer. confer verb (GIVE) [ T ] to give an honor, official title, or ability to someone: The US Constitution confers certain powers on the president. to confer sainthood on sb jdn heiligsprechen [o. in den Stand der Heiligkeit erheben] to confer power/rights on sb jdm Macht/Rechte übertragen confer [kənˈfəː]– past tense past participle conˈferred – ♦ verb 1 (often with with ) to consult each other: The staff conferred (with the headmaster) about the new timetable. مشورت کردن؛ رایزنی کردن 2 (with on ) to give (an honour) to someone: The university conferred degrees on two famous scientists. اعطا کردن conference [ˈkonfərəns] ♦ noun a meeting for discussion: The conference of heart specialists was held in New York. کنفرانس؛ همایش ˈconference call ♦ noun a telephone conversation in which more than two people participate. مکالمۀ تلفنی چند نفره /kǝn fu_r´/ vt., vi. ● اهداکردن،اعطا کردن،بخشیدن به diplomas will be officially conferred next week دانشنامه‌ها هفته‌ی دیگر رسما اعطا خواهد شد. ● تبادل نظر کردن،رایزنی کردن،مشورت کردن،مشاوره کردن،صلاحدید کردن the jury conferred for more than two hours اعضای هیئت منصفه بیش از دو ساعت تبادل نظر می‌کردند. before buying this house, I have to confer with my father قبل از خرید این منزل باید با پدرم مشورت کنم. ● (مهجور) مقایسه کردن

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advantage noun UK /ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/ US /ədˈvæn.t̬ɪdʒ/ B1 [ C or U ] a condition giving a greater chance of success: advantage of doing sth The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats. advantages of sth Despite the twin advantages of wealth and beauty, she did not have a happy life. [ + to infinitive ] It would be to your advantage (= it would improve the situation for you) to agree to his demands. give sb an advantage Her background as a financial officer gives her an advantage in dealing with public budgets. give sb an advantage over sb His height and reach give him a big advantage over (= make him better than) other boxers. have the advantage of sb He has the advantage of being able to walk to work because he lives so close by. have the advantage of sb UK formal "Do you know how old I am?" "I'm afraid you have the advantage of me there (= you know the answer but I do not)." For a goalkeeper, it's a great advantage to have big hands. take advantage of something B1 to use the good things in a situation: I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm here. See more take advantage of someone/something B2 disapproving to treat someone badly in order to get something good from them: I think she takes advantage of his good nature. advantage [ədˈvaːntidʒ] ♦ noun 1 (a) gain or benefit: There are several advantages in being self-employed. مزیت؛ فایده 2 in tennis, the first point gained after deuce. اولین امتیاز بعد از دوس advantageous [ӕdvənˈteidʒəs] ♦ adjective having or giving an advantage: Because of his experience he was in an advantageous position for promotion سودمند ˌadvanˈtageously ♦ adverb . بطور سودمند have an/the advantage (over) to be in a better or more advantageous position (than): As she already knew French, she had an advantage over the rest of the class. برتری داشتن take advantage of to make use of (a situation, person etc ) in such a way as to benefit oneself: He took full advantage of all his business opportunities. از فرصت استفاده کردن /ad vant´ij/ n., vt. ● برتری،تفوق،مزیت the advantage which we have over them تفوقی که ما بر آنها داریم ● فایده،نفع it is to my advantage به نفع من است. the advantages of punctuality فواید وقت‌شناسی ● (تنیس) اولین امتیاز بعد از دوس (deuce) ● مزیت دادن،برتری دادن،نفع دادن * advantaged, adj. دارای مزیت (اجتماعی)،بهره‌ور * to advantage با بهره‌وری،با استفاده،با نفع * to take advantage of از فرصت استفاده کردن،بهره‌گیری کردن advantage Jackson! Vorteil Jackson! tangible advantage realer [o. echter] Vorteil competitive advantage Wettbewerbsvorteil m doubtful advantage zweifelhafter Vorteil to enjoy an advantage einen Vorteil genießen an unfair advantage ein unfairer Vorteil an immeasurable advantage ein Riesenvorteil m a decided advantage/disadvantage ein klarer [o. deutlicher] Vorteil/Nachteil to take advantage of sb abw jdn ausnutzen [o. A ausnützen] abw advantage in terms of efficiency MKT-WB Effizienzvorteil m to take advantage of sth aufw etw nutzen [o. nützen] A to press home one's advantage seinen Vorteil ausnutzen to push home an advantage [or an advantage home ] einen Vorteil ausnutzen to be at an advantage/a disadvantage im Vorteil/Nachteil sein this would be to your advantage das wäre zu deinem Vorteil to turn sth to [one's] advantage etw zu seinem Vorteil wenden to have the advantage of sb Brit form jdm gegenüber im Vorteil [o. überlegen] sein

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striking adjective US /ˈstrɑɪ·kɪŋ/ obvious, interesting, and (esp. of a person) often attractive: Perhaps the most striking feature of this computer is that it is so easy to use. There was a striking physical resemblance between the two men. He was a striking figure with full beard and flowing, collar-length hair. strikingly adverb US /ˈstrɑɪ·kɪŋ·li/ a strikingly beautiful landscape They came to strikingly different conclusions about what should be done. striking parallels erstaunliche Parallelen striking example treffendes Beispiel striking resemblance verblüffende Ähnlichkeit striking similarity verblüffende Ähnlichkeit striking workers streikende Arbeiter striking result erstaunliches [o. überraschendes] Ergebnis striking differences erhebliche [o. gewaltige] Unterschiede striking feature herausragendes Merkma

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posture noun [ C/U ] US /ˈpɑs·tʃər/ posture noun [C/U] (POSITION OF BODY) a position of the body, or the way in which someone holds the body when standing, sitting, or walking: [ C ] Newton sat back in a reclining posture. [ U ] She’s got good/bad posture. posture verb [ I ] US /ˈpɑs·tʃər/ posture verb [I] (ACT FALSELY) to act falsely in order to attract attention or achieve an effect: This trial turned into a carnival, with everybody posturing and playing to the camera. to preen and posture sich Akk stolz präsentieren [o. in die Brust werfen] in a very awkward posture in einer sehr merkwürdigen Haltung [o. Stellung] to adopt a defensive posture eine defensive Haltung einnehmen to have a good/bad posture eine gute/schlechte Haltung haben in a kneeling/an upright posture in kniender/aufrechter Stellung to adopt [or assume] [or get into] a posture eine Pose einnehmen posture [ˈpostʃə] ♦ noun 1 the way in which a person places or holds his body when standing, sitting, walking etc : Good posture is important for a dancer. طرز قرارگیری بدن 2 a position or pose: He knelt in an uncomfortable posture. حالت /päs´chǝr/ n., vt., vi. ● طرز قرار گیری بدن هنگام نشستن یا ایستادن،اندام نهش erect posture حالت بدن به صورت عمودی،قامت راست ● وضع،حالت،نهش our foreign policy posture نهش سیاست خارجی ما

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thereof adverb LAW formal or specialized UK /ˌðeəˈrɒv/ US /ˌðerˈɑːv/ of or about the thing just mentioned: Please refer to the Regulations and in particular Articles 99 and 100 thereof. I was quite unaware thereof until I received your letter bevor ich deinen Brief erhielt, war ich mir darüber nicht im Klaren 😎 thence thereupon, thereafter, therefrom adverb literary or old use UK /ðens/ US /ðens/ from there: They travelled to Camelot and thence to the castle. 1. thence (from there): thence von dort [o. da] 8 Beispiele aus dem Internet 2. thence (from then on): thence von da an thence seit jener Zeit 3. thence (therefore): thence daher thence deshalb

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ever since phrase B1 continuously since that time: He's been depressed ever since he got divorced. Eric had a bone marrow transplant five years ago and has been healthy ever since. She's had an irrational fear of sharks ever since watching the film 'Jaws'. We met at a party in 2005 and we've been together ever since. He's been fascinated by insects ever since he was a child. ever since ... seitdem ... ever since seitdem ever since seit dieser Zeit ever since she started her new job, ... seitdem sie mit dem neuen Job angefangen hat, ... he's been in a bad way ever since the operation seit der Operation geht's ihm schlecht Sinatra's been a favourite of mine ever since I was a teenager schon seit meiner Teenagerzeit ist Sinatra einer meiner Lieblingsstars she has been in a state of euphoria ever since hearing the news sie ist ganz euphorisch, seit sie die Neuigkeit erfahren hat I've loved music ever since I was knee-high to a grasshopper Musik habe ich schon von klein auf geliebt

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conduct verb (ORGANIZE) B2 [ T ] to organize and perform a particular activity: We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York. How you choose to conduct your private life is your own business! More examples She said that she didn't want a lawyer and was going to conduct her own defence. The company agreed to conduct a feasibility study for a hydroelectric plant at Aimores. Sir William had the ability to conduct proceedings in a dignified manner without ever becoming stuffy. A new team of detectives were called in to conduct a fresh inquiry. The election campaign was not conducted very cleanly. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases conduct verb (BEHAVE) conduct yourself C2 to behave in a particular way, especially in a public or formal situation, or to organize the way in which you live in a particular way: How should I conduct myself at these dinners? I know nothing about etiquette. We expect our employees to conduct themselves in a professional manner at all times. They were impressed by the dignified manner with which she conducted herself. As a professional player, you have to learn how to conduct yourself both on and off the field. Since leaving government, he has conducted himself with surprising grace and tact. conduct [kənˈdakt] ♦ verb 1 to lead or guide: We were conducted down a narrow path by the guide; He conducted the tour. هدایت کردن؛ سرپرستی کردن 2 to carry or allow to flow: Most metals conduct electricity. انتقال دادن؛ عبور دادن 3 to direct (an orchestra, choir etc ). رهبری کردن 4 to behave (oneself): He conducted himself well at the reception. مواظب رفتار خود بودن 5 to manage or carry on (a business). اداره کردن؛ اجرا کردن [ˈkondakt]noun 1 behaviour: His conduct at school was disgraceful. رفتار 2 the way in which something is managed, done etc : the conduct of the affair. اجرا؛ اداره conducted tour ♦ noun . گردش به همراه راهنما conˈduction [-ʃən] ♦ noun transmission of heat etc by a conductor. رسانش؛ هدایت conˈductor ♦ noun 1 a thing that conducts heat or electricity: Copper is a good conductor of heat. رسانا 2 a director of an orchestra, choir etc . رهبر 3 (feminine conˈductress ) a person who collects fares on a bus etc : a bus conductor. مسئول جمع آوری بلیط 4 (American ) a guard on a train. کنترل چی قطار /kän´dukt´, kǝn dukt´/ n., vt., vi. ● اجرا،مدیریت،اداره the conduct of everyday business اجرای امور روزمره ● رفتار،سلوک his conduct was admirable رفتار او تحسین انگیز بود. ● راهنمایی کردن،همراهی کردن،مشایعت کردن the secretary conducted her to the door منشی او را تا دم در مشایعت کرد. ● اداره کردن،مدیریت کردن،اجراکردن they conduct all kinds of business آنان انواع معاملات را انجام می‌دهند. ● (با: -self) مواظب رفتار خود بودن،(خوب) رفتار کردن he conducted himself like a gentleman او مثل یک آقا رفتار کرد. ● (برق و فیزیک) رسانا بودن،(برق) رساندن،هدایت کردن،انتقال دادن copper conducts electricity well مس برق را خوب هدایت می‌کند. ● رسیدن (یا رساندن) به،منتهی شدن به ● (ارکستر و غیره) رهبری کردن an orchestra conducted by a famous person ارکستری که توسط شخص معروفی هدایت می‌شود * conducted tour گردش به همراهی راهنما،جهانگردی هدایت شده lubricious conduct unanständiges Verhalten unprofessional conduct berufswidriges Verhalten irreproachable conduct JUR einwandfreie Führung improper conduct unschickliches Benehmen [o. Verhalten] to conduct the defense die Verteidigung führen to maintain professional conduct professionell auftreten to conduct a briefing eine Besprechung abhalten freedom to conduct business Geschäftsfreiheit f to conduct the defence die Verteidigung führen to conduct an orchestra ein Orchester dirigieren to demand safe conduct freies [o. sicheres] Geleit fordern

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lure noun UK /lʊər/ US /lʊr/ C2 [ C usually singular ] the quality or power that something or someone has that makes it, him, or her attractive: the lure of fame/power/money lure verb [ T ] UK /lʊər/ US /lʊr/ C2 to persuade someone to do something or go somewhere by offering them something exciting: She was lured into the job by the offer of a high salary. He had lured his victim to a deserted house. Supermarket chains try to lure customers with price discounts. the lure of exoticism der Reiz des Exotischen the lure of easy money der Reiz des schnellen Geldes the lure of the wild der Ruf der Wildnis to lure sb away from sth jdn von etw Dat weglocken [o. fortlocken] to lure sb/an animal out from sth jdn/ein Tier aus etw Dat hervorlocken to lure sb/an animal into a trap jdn/ein Tier in eine Falle locken lure [luə] ♦ noun attraction; something very attractive or tempting: The lure of his mother's good cooking brought him back home. وسوسه ♦ verb to tempt or attract: The bright lights of the city lured him away from home. وسوسه کردن /loor/ n., vt. ● (قوش شکاری) گولزنک باز شکاری (ریسمانی که سر آن مقداری پر می‌بندند و برای فراخواندن باز به کار می‌برند) ● گیرایی،جذبه،کشش the lure of the stage وسوسه‌ی صحنه‌ی تئاتر that free country's lure for settlers جاذبه‌ی آن کشور آزاد برای مهاجران ● (هر چیزی که جلب یا وسوسه می‌کند) دام،تله،در باغ سبز،چشته،طعمه،نواله ● چشته‌ی ماهیگیری (به ویژه چشته‌ی مصنوعی برای ماهیگیری با قلاب) ● (باز شکاری را با گولزنک) فراخواندن ● (بیشتر با: on) جلب کردن،بسوی خود کشیدن،وسوسه کردن،اغوا کردن don't let money lure you into doing something wrong نگذار پول تو را به انجام کار خلاف وسوسه کند. they advertise in order to lure customers برای جلب مشتری آگهی می‌دهند. I was lured on by her beauty زیبایی او مرا اغوا کرد.

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C1 an occasion when you get something useful or positive: Whatever the objections to this sort of treatment, the gains in terms of the number of lives saved are substantial. The minister was sacked for abusing power for his personal gain. More examples SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases gain noun [C or U] (INCREASE) C1 an increase in something such as size, weight, or amount: Side effects of the drugs may include tiredness, headaches, or weight gain. After deducting costs, we still made a net gain of £5,000. Oil prices rose again today after yesterday's gains. [ T ] to obtain something useful, advantageous, or positiv: He gained control of the business. You’ve got nothing to lose and everything to gain. He hoped to gain an advantage by beginning his campaign early. gain verb (INCREASE) [ I/T ] to increase in weight, speed, height, or amount: [ T ] I’ve gained weight, and I’m going on a diet. [ T ] The campaign has been gaining momentum ever since the television ads started to run. [ I ] Step on the gas – they’re gaining on us (= getting nearer to us). gain [gein] ♦ verb 1 to obtain: He quickly gained experience. کسب کردن 2 (often with by or from ) to get (something good) by doing something: What have I to gain by staying here? بدست آوردن 3 to have an increase in (something): He gained strength after his illness. افزایش داشتن 4 (of a clock or watch) to go too fast: This clock gains (four minutes a day). تند کار کردن ♦ noun 1 an increase (in weight etc ): a gain of one kilo. افزایش 2 profits, advantage, wealth etc : His loss was my gain; He'd do anything for gain. منفعت gain ground 1 to make progress. پیشرفت کردن 2 to become more influential: His views were once unacceptable but are now gaining ground rapidly. بهتر شدن gain on to get or come closer to (a person, thing etc that one is chasing): Drive faster – the police car is gaining on us. نزدیک شدن net gain Nettogewinn m financial gain finanzieller Gewinn weight gain Gewichtszunahme f tangible gain realer [o. materieller] Gewinn stock gain Kursgewinn m to gain sb's confidence jds Vertrauen gewinnen to gain one's destination sein Ziel erreichen to gain in height an Höhe gewinnen to gain an impression einen Eindruck gewinnen to gain a victory einen Sieg erringen to gain a foothold Fuß fassen to gain in weight zunehmen to gain in numbers zahlenmäßig ansteigen to gain velocity [or speed] schneller werden to gain in stature an Ansehen gewinnen to gain one's spurs ugs sich Dat die Sporen verdienen to gain ground disease um sich Akk greifen to gain prestige an Prestige gewinnen

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score verb UK /skɔːr/ US /skɔːr/ score verb (WIN) B1 [ I or T ] to win or get a point, goal, etc. in a competition, sport, or game: Tennant scored in the last minute of the game. She has scored over twenty goals for her team this season. In American football, a touchdown scores (= is worth) six points. She scored 18 out of 20 in the spelling test. [ T ] mainly US to get a particular number of points on a test or in an examination: She did well in her exam, scoring 85, well above the necessary 60. All the youngsters scored well in intelligence tests. [ T ] mainly US to count or decide on the number of points someone gets on a test or in an examination: Thousands of teachers are involved in preparing questions for state tests and in scoring the exams. Safeguards are built in to ensure that the tests are scored correctly. [ I ] UK (US keep score) to record the number of points won by competitors: We need someone to score for tomorrow's match. [ I or T ] to succeed in an activity or to achieve something: She has certainly scored a success with her latest novel. His 2018 teen comedy scored with audiences, if not with critics. Nearly every bomb scored a hit. UK You have a lot of patience - that's where you score over (= are better than) your opponents. final score Endstand m to keep [Brit the] score die Punkte [o. den Spielstand] mitschreiben to even the score das Gleichgewicht wiederherstellen to score a victory einen Sieg verbuchen to know the score wissen, was gespielt wird to score 4 runs vier Treffer erzielen to score a goal ein Tor schießen to score a touchdown einen Versuch erzielen to score an equalizer den Ausgleich[streffer] erzielen to score a point einen Punkt machen to score a hit einen Treffer landen ugs to score a triumph einen Triumph erzielen to settle a score eine Rechnung begleichen übtr what's the score? ugs wie sieht's aus? ugs to score drugs sich Dat Stoff beschaffen sl score [skoː]– plurals scores (after a number or a word signifying a quantity) score – ♦ noun 1 the number of points, goals etc gained in a game, competition etc : The cricket score is 59 for 3. امتياز 2 a written piece of music showing all the parts for instruments and voices: the score of an opera. پارتيتور در موسيقي 3 a set or group of twenty: There was barely a score of people there. بيشمار ♦ verb 1 to gain (goals etc ) in a game etc : He scored two goals before half-time. امتياز آوردن 2 (sometimes with off or out ) to remove (eg a name) from eg a list by putting a line through it: Please could you score my name off (the list)?; Is that word meant to be scored out? حذف كردن 3 to keep score: Will you score for us, please? حساب امتيازها را نگه داشتن ˈscorer ♦ noun 1 a person who scores points, goals etc : Our team scored two goals – Smith and Brown were the scorers. امتياز آورنده 2 a person who writes down the score during eg a cricket match. ثبت كننده امتياز ˈscore-board ♦ noun a usually large board on which the score is shown at a cricket match, a quiz-programme etc . تابلو ثبت امتيازات on that score for that reason: He's perfectly healthy, so you don't need to worry on that score. از آن بابت scores (of) very many: She received scores of letters about her radio programme. خيلي زياد settle old scores to get revenge for past wrongs: I have some old scores to settle with you. خرده حسابي را صاف كردن /skôr/ n., vi., vt. ● خراش،خراشیدگی،خط،خط افتادگی scores made on ice by skates خراشیدگی‌هایی که توسط کفش بر روی یخ ایجاد شده است scores made by a piston on a cylinder خط افتادگی سیلندر توسط پیستون there were cuts and scores all over the leather bag کیف چرمی پر از بریدگی و خراشیدگی بود. ● (چوبخط) دندانه،دندانه گذاشتن ● چوبخط ● بدهی،بدهکاری،حساب he suddenly went and left others to pay the score ناگهان رفت و پرداخت حساب را به دیگران واگذاشت. they drank on my score آنها به حساب من مشروب خوردند. ● دلخوری،خرده‌حساب،خصومت to settle scores with somebody به حساب کسی رسیدن they took advantage of the situation to settle old scores آنها برای تلافی کردن از فرصت استفاده کردند. ● دلیل،علت،واسطه on the score of fatigue به دلیل خستگی on the score of poverty به واسطه‌ی فقر ● (مسابقه و غیره) امتیاز،پوئن،پوئن به‌دست آوردن،گل زدن،امتیاز آوردن we won by a score of 5 to 3 ما با امتیاز 5 بر 3 برنده شدیم. he scored 37 points او 37 امتیاز به‌دست آورد. each basket scores two points هر بار که توپ داخل حلقه می‌شود دو پوئن دارد. ● (امتحان و غیره) نمره،نمره گرفتن یا دادن she had the highest score in our class او در کلاس ما از همه بیشتر نمره آورد. test scores نمرات امتحانی in the written exam he scored 96 در امتحان کتبی نمره‌اش 96 بود. to score a written examination به امتحان کتبی نمره دادن ● دسته‌ی بیست‌تایی،بیست more than a score of cities بیش از بیست شهر three score and ten years ago هفتاد سال پیش (سه بیست سال بعلاوه‌ی ده) ● (جمع) چندین،فراوان،انبوه (از هر چیز)،کثیر،بسیار،متعدد،زیاد scores of people were arrested افراد زیادی بازداشت شدند. ● (عامیانه) کار موفقیت‌آمیز،شیرین کاری ● (عامیانه) دزدی (به‌ویژه مواد مخدر)،دزدیدن،بلند کردن ● (رقص و باله) دستور حرکت‌های رقصگران ● (موسیقی) پارتیتور ● (برای سهولت در بریدن یا تا کردن کاغذ) سوراخ‌سوراخ کردن،نیم برکردن ● (با: out) حذف کردن،باطل کردن،خط بطلان کشیدن ● محاسبه کردن،حساب کردن،جمع بستن ● سخت انتقاد کردن،مورد نکوهش قرار دادن،تشر زدن we were scored for expressing personal opinions به‌خاطر بیان عقاید شخصی مورد نکوهش شدید قرار گرفتیم. ● (آشپزی) گوشت را ساطوری کردن،(برای نرم شدن) چاقو چاقو کردن ● (مسابقه) حساب امتیاز طرفین را نگهداشتن،منشی مسابقه شدن ● نایل شدن،بردن،دست یافتن to score a victory به پیروزی دست یافتن a bomb that scores a direct hit بمبی که مستقیما به هدف می‌خورد ● (خودمانی) گاییدن،سپوختن،همخوابگی کردن ● خط انداختن،خراشاندن،خراشیدگی ایجاد کردن peel cucumbers and then score them with a fork خیارها را پوست بکن و سپس با چنگال آنها را خراش بده. rocks which are scored by the movement of the glacier صخره‌هایی که حرکت یخرود آنها را خراشانده است jet planes scored the sky with their vapor trails هواپیماهای جت با نواره‌های بخار خود آسمان را خط انداختند. * know the score از وضعیت باخبر بودن،از جریان مطلع بودن * on more scores than one به دلایل متعدد * on that score از آن لحاظ،از آن نظر

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patience noun [ U ] US /ˈpeɪ·ʃəns/ the ability to accept delay, suffering, or annoyance without complaining or becoming angry: He’s a man of great patience. Her constant complaining was beginning to test/try my patience. patient adjective US /ˈpeɪ·ʃənt/ Just be patient – dinner’s almost ready. patiently adverb US /ˈpeɪ·ʃənt·li/ He waited patiently for his name to be called. • He has reached the end of his patience. صبرش تموم شده • Such work postulate a lot of patience. چنین کاری شکیبائی فراوانی را می طلبد.

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we were informed beforehand wir wurden zuvor informiert beforehand adverb UK /bɪˈfɔː.hænd/ US /bɪˈfɔːr.hænd/ earlier (than a particular time): I knew she was coming that afternoon because she had phoned beforehand to say so. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples at an earlier time before I was sure I’d seen her face before. beforehand He knew beforehand that his speech would anger many people. previously She has previously denied the accusations. in advance You should prepare your ingredients in advance. ahead of time US Try to arrive at the airport ahead of time to minimize the possibility of delays.

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truism noun [ C ] UK /ˈtruː.ɪ.zəm/ US /ˈtruː.ɪ.zəm/ a statement that is so obviously true that it is almost not worth saying: As far as health is concerned, it's a truism that prevention is better than cure. truism Binsenweisheit f truism (platitude) Plattitüde f geh 🤣 platitude noun [ C ] disapproving UK /ˈplæt.ɪ.tjuːd/ US /ˈplæt̬.ə.tuːd/ a remark or statement that may be true but is boring and has no meaning because it has been said so many times before: He doesn't mouth platitudes about it not mattering who scores as long as the team wins. platitude noun [ C ] US /ˈplæt̬·ɪˌtud/ a statement that has been repeated so often that it is meaningless: They nodded at every platitude about making sacrifices today for a better tomorrow.

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hunch noun [ C ] US /hʌntʃ/ hunch noun [C] (IDEA) an idea that is based on feeling and for which there is no proof: [ + that clause ] I had a hunch that you’d be here. hunch verb [ I/T ] US /hʌntʃ/ hunch verb [I/T] (BEND) to lean forward with your shoulders raised or to bend your back and shoulders into a rounded shape: [ I ] We gathered in a circle and hunched over the fire to get warm. hunch [hantʃ] ♦ noun an idea or belief based on one's feelings or suspicions rather than on clear evidence: I have a hunch he'll be late. گمان ˈhunchback ♦ noun a person with a hump on his back. آدم گوژپشت ˈhunchbacked ♦ adjective having a hump on one's back. قوزدار hunched up with one's back and shoulders bent forward: He sat hunched up near the fire. قوز كرده ● تکان دادن،فشار دادن،(با فشار) به جلو راندن،(با فشار) کنار زدن I hunched my chair closer to the table صندلی خود را به نزدیک میز کشیدم. ● گمان،حدس I had a hunch that she would not come شستم خبردار شد که نخواهد آمد. Ahmad often acted on a hunch احمد خیلی از روی حدس و گمان عمل می‌کرد. to follow a hunch einem Gefühl folgen to hunch one's shoulders die Schultern hochziehen to hunch one's back einen Buckel machen to have a hunch that ... den [leisen] Verdacht [o. das [leise] Gefühl] haben, dass ... he reacted on a hunch er reagierte auf ein Ahnung hin to hunch around the fire sich Akk um das Feuer zusammenkauern to act [or play] on a hunch nach Gefühl handeln I had a hunch that you'd be here ich hatte schon so eine Ahnung, dass du da sein würdest

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assertion noun [ C + that ] UK /əˈsɜː.ʃən/ US /əˈsɝː.ʃən/ a statement that you strongly believe is true: I certainly don't agree with his assertion that men are better drivers than women. /ǝ su_r´shǝn/ n. ● اعلام (موکد)،تصریح،اظهار قطعی ● اعلامیه (رسمی و قطعی)،ادعا نامه the assertion of the right to the freedom of expression is important تاکید حق آزادی بیان اهمیت دارد. to refute an assertion [or contention] eine Behauptung widerlegen [o. entkräften] fallaciousness of an argument/claim/assertion Unhaltbarkeit f eines Arguments/einer Behauptung/einer Annahme

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examine [igˈzӕmin] ♦ verb 1 to look at closely; to inspect closely: They examined the animal tracks and decided that they were those of a fox. بررسی کردن 2 (of a doctor) to inspect the body of thoroughly to check for disease etc : The doctor examined the child and said she was healthy. معاینه کردن 3 to consider carefully: The police must examine the facts. تحقیق کردن؛ بررسی کردن 4 to test the knowledge or ability of (students etc ): She examines pupils in mathematics. آزمودن؛ امتحان کردن 5 to question: The lawyer examined the witness in the court case. مورد سئوال قرار دادن؛ بازجویی کردن exˌamiˈnation ♦ noun 1 (a) close inspection: Make a thorough examination of the area where the crime took place; On examination the patient was discovered to have appendicitis. بررسی؛ بازبینی 2 (also exˈam ) a test of knowledge or ability: school examinations; She is to take a French/dancing exam; (also adjective ) examination/exam papers; He failed/passed the English exam. آزمون؛ سنجش 3 (a) formal questioning (eg of a witness). بازجویی exˈaminer ♦ noun a person who examines. امتحان کننده؛ بازرس /eg zam´ǝn, ig-/ vt. ● آزمون کردن،امتحان کردن،آزمودن tomorrow the teacher will examine each one of us فردا معلم هر یک از ما را امتحان خواهد کرد. ● معاینه کردن،بررسی کردن،وارسی کردن،بازبین کردن،سنجیدن،دید گری کردن،تحقیق کردن،وارسیدن the doctor examined his patients دکتر بیماران خود را معاینه کرد. I went to have my eye examined رفتم که چشمم مورد معاینه قرار بگیرد. experts are still examining the causes of the fire کارشناسان هنوز دارند علل آن آتش سوزی را بررسی می‌کنند. they examined the signature and found it to be forged آنان امضا را بررسی نمودند و به جعلی بودن آن پی‌بردند. the police examined his pockets پلیس جیب‌های او را گشت. to examine the accused den Angeklagten verhören to examine sth searchingly etw eingehend prüfen to examine sb carefully jdn gründlich untersuchen to re-examine priorities Prioritäten erneut überprüfen to examine credentials/methods Referenzen/Methoden überprüfen to examine experts Experten anhören to examine/read sth perfunctorily etw überfliegen to consider/examine the possibilities alle Möglichkeiten durchdenken to re-examine a witness JUR einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin erneut [o. nochmals] vernehmen to cross-examine sb sharply jdn einem scharfen Kreuzverhör unterziehen to examine the effects of sth die Auswirkungen von etw Dat untersuchen to examine one's breasts [for lumps] jds Brust [auf Knoten] abtasten to examine/look at sth under a microscope etw unter einem Mikroskop untersuchen/betrachten perhaps you could at least examine it cursorily? vielleicht könnten Sie zumindest einmal einen kurzen Blick darauf werfen? the council is to examine ways of reducing traffic der Stadtrat versucht Wege zur Reduzierung des Verkehrs zu finden to examine [or go through] [or go over] sth with a fine-tooth comb etw sorgfältig unter die Lupe nehmen ugs

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C1 [ T ] formal UK /səˈveɪ/ US /ˈsɝː.veɪ/ to look at or examine all of something, especially carefully: He got out of the car to survey the damage. She has written a book which surveys (= describes in detail) the history of feminism. to measure an area of land, and to record the details of it, especially on a map: Before the new railway was built, its route was carefully surveyed. survey [səˈvei] ♦ verb 1 to look at, or view, in a general way: He surveyed his neat garden with satisfaction. بررسي كردن 2 to examine carefully or in detail. سنجيدن 3 to measure, and estimate the position, shape etc of (a piece of land etc ): They have started to survey the piece of land that the new motorway will pass through. ارزيابي كردن 4 to make a formal or official inspection of (a house etc that is being offered for sale). نقشه برداري كردن [ˈsəːvei]noun 1 a look or examination; a report: After a brief survey of the damage he telephoned the police; He has written a survey of crime in big cities. بازديد 2 a careful measurement of land etc . ارزيابي surˈveyor ♦ noun a person whose job is to survey buildings or land. ارزياب /sǝr vā´, su_r´vā´/ vt., vt., n., pl. ● (بادقت) بررسی کردن،زمینه یابی کردن before taking action, we must carefully survey the situation پیش از اقدام باید وضعیت را خوب بررسی کنیم. ● همایش کردن،برنگریستن،رونگری کردن،برانداز کردن،برنگری کردن the old lady surveyed me haughtily پیر زن باتکبر مرا برانداز کرد. the author surveys contemporary American literature نویسنده ادبیات معاصر امریکا را برنگری می‌کند. ● مساحی کردن،نقشه برداری کردن،زمین‌پیمایی کردن،مساحت کردن،پیمایش کردن to survey a plot of land for building قطعه زمینی را برای ساختمان پیمایش کردن ● زمینه‌یابی،بررسی a survey of public opinion زمینه یابی افکار عمومی ● برنگری،رونگری،پیمایش،برانداز a survey of Italian art برنگری هنر ایتالیا ● مساحی،نقشه برداری،زمین پیمایی،پیمایش land survey پیمایش زمین prospective survey prospektive Erhebung market survey Erhebung f a wide-ranging survey eine breit angelegte Umfrage a nationwide survey eine landesweite Umfrage one day survey eintägige Erhebung public opinion survey öffentliche Meinungsumfrage market research survey Marktuntersuchung f local/nationwide survey örtliche/landesweite Umfrage

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instant noun [ C usually sing ] US /ˈɪn·stənt/ a very short moment of time, or a particular point in time: At that instant, someone knocked on the door. Call me the instant you get home (= as soon as you get to your home). instant adjective [ not gradable ] US /ˈɪn·stənt/ happening immediately: I took an instant liking to him. An instant food or drink is one, usually in dried or powdered form, that can be prepared easily and quickly, esp. by adding hot water: instant coffee instant [ˈinstənt] ♦ adjective 1 immediate: Anyone disobeying these rules will face instant dismissal; His latest play was an instant success. فوری 2 (of food etc ) able to be prepared etc almost immediately: instant coffee/potato. فوری ♦ noun 1 a point in time: He climbed into bed and at that instant the telephone rang; He came the instant (that) he heard the news. در همان آن 2 a moment or very short time: It all happened in an instant; I'll be there in an instant. لحظه؛ آن ˈinstantly ♦ adverb immediately: He went to bed and instantly fell asleep. فوراً this instant straight away; at this very moment: Give it back this instant! فوراً in´stǝnt/ adj., adv., n. ● فوری،اضطراری،ناگه‌آیندی،ناگهگانی،ناگزیر she is running an instant risk of suffocating او در خطر فوری خفه شدن است. instant obedience اطاعت فوری (بی‌معطلی) ● قریب الوقوع،زودآیند ● وابسته به خوراک پیش پخته که می‌توان به سرعت و آسانی (مثلا فقط با افزودن آب و گرم کردن) آن را خورد،پیش آماده،پیش پخته instant soup سوپ پیش پخته instant coffee قهوه‌ی فوری ● (شعر قدیم) فورا،در همان آن ● (قدیمی) ماه جاری،فعلی we received your letter of the 10th instant نامه‌ی دهم ماه جاری شما را دریافت کردیم. ● لحظه،آن،دم،لمحه at the instant of death در دم مرگ they fell in love the instant they met آنان به مجرد ملاقات عاشق هم شدند. come here this instant! همین الان بیا اینجا! the instant she opened her eyes لحظه‌ای که چشمانش را گشود * on the instant بی‌درنگ،بدون تاخیر * the instant به مجرد اینکه the instant I saw her she burst out laughing تا او را دیدم زد زیر خنده. instant coffee Instantkaffee m instant soup Fertigsuppe f this instant sofort to take instant effect sofort wirken instant access to sth sofortiger Zugriff auf etw Akk the effect was instant der Effekt stellte sich sofort ein at the same instant im selben Augenblick [o. Moment] the next instant im nächsten Moment [o. Augenblick] for an instant für einen Moment [o. Augenblick] instant coffee granules Kaffeegranulat nt instant [or Brit also action] replay Instantreplay nt stop that noise this instant! hör' sofort mit dem Lärm auf! ugs the film was an instant success der Film war sofort ein Erfolg he's taken an instant liking to her er hat sie auf Anhieb gemocht their instant needs are food and water sie brauchen jetzt als Erstes etwas zu essen und Wasser

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elsewhere adverb UK /ˌelsˈweər/ US /ˈels.wer/ B2 at, in, from, or to another place or other places; anywhere or somewhere else: The report looks at economic growth in Europe and elsewhere. They couldn't find what they wanted and decided to look elsewhere. More examples If we don't give good service, people will take their custom elsewhere. People are being enticed away from the profession by higher salaries elsewhere. This comment jars with the opinions we have heard expressed elsewhere. Is there intelligent life elsewhere in the universe? If we don't get what we want from one agency we will have to look elsewhere.

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attend verb UK /əˈtend/ US /əˈtend/ attend verb (BE PRESENT) B1 [ I or T ] to go to an event, place, etc.: Over two hundred people attended the funeral. The meeting is on the fifth and we're hoping everyone will attend. See also well attended B1 [ T ] to go officially and usually regularly to a place: Which school do your children attend? I attended the classes/seminars/lectures for a month or two. More examples Are you confident that enough people will attend the event? You are cordially invited to attend our annual wine-tasting evening. Would everyone who wishes to attend the dinner let me know by Friday afternoon? All pupils are expected to attend school assembly. I don't think there's any need for all of us to attend the meeting. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases attend verb (NOTICE) [ I ] formal to give attention to what someone is saying: I'm afraid I wasn't attending to what was being said. attend [əˈtend] ♦ verb 1 to go to or be present at: He attended the meeting; He will attend school till he is sixteen. حضور داشتن؛ 2 (with to ) to listen or give attention to: Attend carefully to what the teacher is saying! توجه کردن 3 to deal with: I'll attend to that problem tomorrow. رسیدگی کردن به 4 to look after; to help or serve: Two doctors attended her all through her illness; The queen was attended by four ladies. پرستاری کردن؛ رسیدن به atˈtendance ♦ noun His attendance (= the number of times he attends) at school is poor; Attendances (= the number of people attending) at the concerts went down after the price of tickets increased. حضور atˈtendant ♦ noun a person employed to look after someone or something: a car-park attendant. متصدی in attendance in the position of helping or serving: There was no doctor in attendance at the road accident. برای خدمت یا کمک attendance ends in -ance (not -ence ) to attend a seminar ein Seminar besuchen to attend a conference (in future) auf eine Konferenz gehen to attend at church den Gottesdienst besuchen to attend a course einen Kurs besuchen [o. machen] to attend a meeting an einer Versammlung teilnehmen to attend a funeral auf eine Beerdigung gehen to attend church/school in die Kirche/Schule gehen to attend worship form in die Kirche gehen to attend a press conference an einer Pressekonferenz teilnehmen to attend in everyday wear Brit in Alltagsklamotten [o. A, CH Alltagsgewand] erscheinen ugs to attend sth ex officio an etw Dat in amtlicher Funktion teilnehmen to attend a worship service form einen Gottesdienst besuchen to attend a faculty meeting an einer Lehrerkonferenz teilnehmen to attend a funeral/wedding zu einer Beerdigung/Hochzeit gehen to attend/run a workshop einen Workshop besuchen/leiten to go to [or attend] church in die [o. zur] Kirche gehen

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savage animal wildes Tier savage fighting heftige Kämpfe in a savage mood übel gelaunt the noble savage der/die edle Wilde a savage attack/blow ein scharfer Angriff/Schlag to soothe the savage breast das aufgebrachte Gemüt beruhigen savage [ˈsӕvidʒ] ♦ adjective 1 uncivilized: savage tribes. وحشي 2 fierce and cruel: The elephant can be quite savage; bitter and savage remarks. درنده خو ♦ verb to attack: He was savaged by wild animals. حمله ور شدن ♦ noun 1 a person in an uncivilized state: tribes of savages. آدم بي تمدن 2 a person who behaves in a cruel, uncivilized way: I hope the police catch the savages who attacked the old lady. آدم وحشي ˈsavagely ♦ adverb . وحشيانه ˈsavageness ♦ noun . وحشي ˈsavagery ♦ noun . وحشيگري /sav´ij/ adj., n., vt. ● وحشی،نارام،خودروی،دد a savage forest جنگل خودروی ● سبع،درنده،ددمنش a savage tiger پلنگ درنده a wolf is a savage animal گرگ حیوان سبعی است. ● بدوی،بی‌تمدن،نافرهیخته،بربری a savage tribe یک قبیله بدوی ● خشن،زمخت،بی‌ادب،بی ادبانه،گستاخانه his savage remarks اظهارات رنجش آور او ● سنگدل،بی‌رحم،قسی‌القلب،ظالم،ستم‌پیشه،خونخوار the savage commander ordered the civilians to be executed فرمانده‌ی ظالم دستور داد که غیر نظامیان اعدام بشوند. ● انسان وحشی in the middle of the jungle we were attacked by savages در وسط جنگل مورد حمله‌ی وحشیان قرار گرفتیم. ● وحشیانه،شدید،بی‌رحمانه،ظالمانه،بی‌امان the newspapers' savage criticism of him انتقادات بسیار شدید روزنامه‌ها از او savage cuts in the educational budget کاهش‌های دردآور بودجه‌ی آموزشی ● (وحشیانه) حمله کردن به newspapers savaged the new prime minister روزنامه‌ها نخست‌وزیر جدید را مورد حمله‌ی وحشیانه قرار دادند. the child was badly savaged by the neighbor's dog کودک سخت مورد حمله‌ی سگ همسایه قرار گرفت.

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cinephile noun [ C ] UK /ˈsɪn.ɪ.faɪl/ US /ˈsɪn.ɪ.faɪl/ a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about cinema as an art form, and knows a lot about films: There are movie fans; there are film lovers; and then there are cinephiles.

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assignment noun UK /əˈsaɪn.mənt/ US /əˈsaɪn.mənt/ B1 [ C ] a piece of work given to someone, typically as part of their studies or job: a freelance/photo assignment I have a lot of reading assignments to complete before the end of term. [ C ] a job that someone is sent somewhere to do: a foreign/diplomatic assignment 😱on assignment Someone who is on assignment is doing a particular job or piece of work, usually in a particular place where they have been sent for a period of time: Both journalists were killed while on assignment in the region. See more [ U ] the process of giving a particular job or piece of work to someone, or of sending someone to a chosen place to do a job: assignment of the various tasks More examples It was a jammy assignment - more of a holiday really. He took this award-winning photograph while on assignment in the Middle East. His two-year assignment to the Mexico office starts in September. She first visited Norway on assignment for the winter Olympics ten years ago. He fell in love with the area after being there on assignment for National Geographic in the 1950s. special assignment Sonderauftrag m homework assignment Hausaufgabe f overseas assignment Auslandseinsatz m foreign assignment Auslandsauftrag m diplomatic assignment diplomatische Mission traffic assignment zone Verkehrszone bei Umlegung assignment of blame Schuldzuweisung f to be on assignment somewhere irgendwo im Einsatz sein [o. einem Auftrag nachgehen] JUR, WIRTSCH assignment of a patent/copyright Patentübertragung f /Übertragung f eines Urheberrechts assignment of a claim for security (Zession) Sicherungsabtretung f to send sb on an assignment jdm einen Auftrag erteilen they'll be hard pressed to complete the assignment wenn sie den Auftrag ausführen wollen, müssen sie sich aber ranhalten

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advantage noun UK /ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/ US /ədˈvæn.t̬ɪdʒ/ B1 [ C or U ] a condition giving a greater chance of success: advantage of doing sth The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats. advantages of sth Despite the twin advantages of wealth and beauty, she did not have a happy life. [ + to infinitive ] It would be to your advantage (= it would improve the situation for you) to agree to his demands. give sb an advantage Her background as a financial officer gives her an advantage in dealing with public budgets. give sb an advantage over sb His height and reach give him a big advantage over (= make him better than) other boxers. have the advantage of sb He has the advantage of being able to walk to work because he lives so close by. have the advantage of sb UK formal "Do you know how old I am?" "I'm afraid you have the advantage of me there (= you know the answer but I do not)." For a goalkeeper, it's a great advantage to have big hands. take advantage of something B1 to use the good things in a situation: I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm here. take advantage of someone/something B2 disapproving to treat someone badly in order to get something good from them: I think she takes advantage of his good nature. See more at an advantage in a more powerful or successful position than other people or things: With the dollar weakening, US exporters will be at an advantage. Your experience as a legal secretary undoubtedly puts you at an advantage in terms of legal knowledge. take advantage of sth to use your skills, resources, etc. or a particular situation in order to get an opportunity for yourself: Have you taken full advantage of any tax-free savings plans? be to sb's advantage (also work to sb's advantage) to give a person or organization an advantage compared to other people or organizations: The bank thought e-commerce could work to its advantage because these markets tended to be highly protected by regulation. use sth to your (own) advantage to use your skills, resources, etc. to get an opportunity for yourself: She had some important contacts in the government, which she used to her advantage. US UK AU advantage [ədˈvaːntidʒ] ♦ noun 1 (a) gain or benefit: There are several advantages in being self-employed. مزیت؛ فایده 2 in tennis, the first point gained after deuce. اولین امتیاز بعد از دوس advantageous [ӕdvənˈteidʒəs] ♦ adjective having or giving an advantage: Because of his experience he was in an advantageous position for promotion سودمند ˌadvanˈtageously ♦ adverb . بطور سودمند have an/the advantage (over) to be in a better or more advantageous position (than): As she already knew French, she had an advantage over the rest of the class. برتری داشتن take advantage of to make use of (a situation, person etc ) in such a way as to benefit oneself: He took full advantage of all his business opportunities. از فرصت استفاده کردن /ad vant´ij/ n., vt. ● برتری،تفوق،مزیت the advantage which we have over them تفوقی که ما بر آنها داریم ● فایده،نفع it is to my advantage به نفع من است. the advantages of punctuality فواید وقت‌شناسی ● (تنیس) اولین امتیاز بعد از دوس (deuce) ● مزیت دادن،برتری دادن،نفع دادن * advantaged, adj. دارای مزیت (اجتماعی)،بهره‌ور * to advantage با بهره‌وری،با استفاده،با نفع * to take advantage of از فرصت استفاده کردن،بهره‌گیری کردن 😱 disadvantage noun [ C or U ] UK /ˌdɪs.ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/ US /ˌdɪs.ədˈvæn.t̬ɪdʒ/ B1 a condition or situation that causes problems, especially one that causes something or someone to be less successful than other things or people: One disadvantage of living in the town is the lack of safe places for children to play. We need to consider whether the disadvantages of the plan outweigh the advantages. at a disadvantage C2 in a situation in which you are less likely to succeed than others: He's at a disadvantage being so shy. This new law places/puts poorer families at a distinct disadvantage. Critics of the proposed system say that it puts students from low-income families at a disadvantage. Insistence on full-time contracts inevitably places a lot of women at a disadvantage. We aim to provide assistance to social groups who, historically, have been at a disadvantage in the housing market. disadvantage [disədˈvaːntidʒ] ♦ noun something which makes a difficulty or which is an unfavourable circumstance: There are several disadvantages to this plan. وضع نامساعد؛ کاستی disadvantageous [disӕdvənˈteidʒəs] ♦ adjective . نامساعد؛ مضر at a disadvantage in an unfavourable position: His power was strengthened by the fact that he had us all at a disadvantage. در شرایط نامساعد /dis´ǝd vant´ij/ n., vt. ● کمداشت،نابرتری،وضع نامساعد،نقطه‌ی ضعف،کاستی this house has two major disadvantages این خانه دو عیب بزرگ دارد. this book's disadvantage is that it is written in a boring style نقطه ضعف این کتاب این است که به سبک خسته کننده‌ای نوشته شده است. ● صدمه (به شهرت یا اعتبار و غیره)،آسیب،گزند they spread reports to the disadvantage of the candidate آنان شایعاتی را پراکنده می‌کنند که به ضرر نامزد انتخاباتی است. * at a disadvantage (نسبت به دیگری) در وضع نابرابر قرار داشتن

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abroad [əˈbroːd] ♦ adverb 1 in or to another country: He lived abroad for many years. خارج از کشور 2 current; going around: There's a rumour abroad that she is leaving. رایج • We are going to travel abroad this summer. ما می خواهیم این تابستان به خارج سفر کنیم. • We have to buy them from abroad. باید آنها را از خارج بخریم. abroad adverb [ after verb ] UK /əˈbrɔːd/ US /əˈbrɑːd/ abroad adverb [after verb] (OTHER COUNTRY) B1 in or to a foreign country or countries: He's currently abroad on business. We always go abroad in the summer. After her divorce she went to live abroad. He wanted the best for his children - good schools, a nice house and trips abroad. We have two grown-up children, both of whom live abroad. They decided to move abroad and make a fresh start. Some very well-known British football players have gone to clubs abroad. abroad adverb [after verb] (OUTSIDE) [ after verb ] literary or old use outside, or not at home: Not a soul was abroad that morning. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases abroad adverb [after verb] (GOING AROUND) [ after verb ] formal used to say that ideas, feelings, and opinions are shared by many people: There's a rumour abroad that she intends to leave the company. investment abroad Auslandsinvestition f sales abroad Auslandsumsatz m at home and abroad im In- und Ausland to go abroad ins Ausland gehen to travel abroad ins Ausland reisen to abscond abroad sich Akk ins Ausland absetzen he's currently abroad on business er ist momentan geschäftlich im Ausland to take up residency abroad seinen Wohnsitz ins Ausland verlegen [to return [or come back]] from abroad aus dem Ausland [zurückkehren] to bruit sth abroad [or around] [or about] etw überall herumerzählen to post a diplomatic representative abroad einen diplomatischen Vertreter ins Ausland entsenden to work at the hospital/abroad im Krankenhaus/im Ausland arbeiten there is a rumour abroad that ... es geht [o. kursiert] das Gerücht, dass ... is she serious about going to live abroad? ist das ihr Ernst, im Ausland leben zu wollen? to replenish coal stocks with imports from abroad die Kohlenvorräte durch Importe aus dem Ausland aufstocken the group has affiliations with several organizations abroad dem Konzern sind mehrere Organisationen im Ausland angegliedert in refusing to work abroad, she missed a good job weil sie sich weigerte, im Ausland zu arbeiten, entging ihr ein guter Job my parents paid for me to spend a year abroad meine Eltern haben mir das Jahr im Ausland bezahlt the BBC World Service was our mainstay while travelling abroad der BBC World Service war unsere Stütze während unseres Auslandsaufenthalts

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enact verb [ T ] UK /ɪˈnækt/ US LAW to make a law or a rule become official: The government is to enact a law aimed at improving safety on construction sites. enactment noun [ C or U ] There must be consultation with employer and employee representatives before the enactment of new regulations. enact [iˈnӕkt] ♦ verb 1 to act (a rôle, scene etc ) not necessarily on stage. بازی کردن؛ اجرا کردن 2 to make into a law or pass a law: to enact a new sexual harassment law; enact the bill. وضع کردن؛ تصویب کردن eˈnactment ♦ noun . تصویب؛ مصوبه؛ اجرا /en akt´, in-/ vt. ● (لایحه و غیره) وضع کردن،تصویب کردن،به صورت قانون درآوردن،رواگاندن the legislative branch enacts laws and the executive branch carries these laws out قوه‌ی مقننه قانون وضع می کند و قوه‌ی مجریه این قوانین را به اجرا درمی‌آورد. ● (در نمایش و غیره) بازی کردن،ایفا کردن،(مجازی - نقش یا صحنه) اجرا کردن the scene now being enacted in the courtroom صحنه‌ای که اکنون در دادگاه در شرف اجرا می باشد. to enact a play ein Stück aufführen to enact a plan einen Plan ausführen to enact sth mimetically etw pantomimisch darstellen to enact legislation Gesetze erlassen to enact a part/role einen Part/eine Rolle spielen to re-enact a crime ein Verbrechen nachvollziehen to re-enact a law ein Gesetz wieder in Kraft setzen

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US UK AU bribe [braib] ♦ noun a gift offered to persuade a person to do something, usually dishonest: Policemen are not allowed to accept bribes. رشوه ♦ verb to give (someone) a bribe: He bribed the guards to let him out of prison. رشوه دادن ˈbribery ♦ noun . رشوه خواری /brīb/ n., vi., vt. ● رشوه،رشوت،پاره،بلکفد،بلکفت the employee admitted that he had been receiving bribes کارمند اعتراف کرد که رشوه می‌گرفته است. bribable پاره‌ستان،رشوه‌خوار ● حق‌السکوت،هر چیزی که شخص را وادار به کاری خلاف قانون یا وجدان کند ● رشوه دادن،پاره دادن،بلکفد دادن he tried to bribe the judge کوشید به قاضی رشوه بدهد.

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incentive noun [ C or U ] UK /ɪnˈsen.tɪv/ US /ɪnˈsen.t̬ɪv/ C2 something that encourages a person to do something: Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income. [ + to infinitive ] There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive. Bonus payments provide an incentive to work harder. incentive [inˈsentiv] ♦ noun something that encourages etc : Hope of promotion was an incentive to hard work. مشوق؛ انگیزه in sent´iv/ adj., n. ● انگیزه،انگیزان،مشوق،محرک for some people money is a major incentive برای برخی از مردم،پول انگیزه‌ی بزرگی است. ● شوق،دلگرمی،اشتیاق adjective [in·cen·tive || ɪn'sentɪv] provocative, stimulating, inciting, encouraging noun [in·cen·tive || ɪn'sentɪv] stimulus, inducement, enticement, encouragement incentive bonus Bonus m incentive price Kennenlernpreis m strong incentive großer Anreiz incentive offer Werbegeschenk nt incentive discount Treuerabatt m to offer an incentive einen Anreiz geben powerful incentive [or stimulus] mächtiger [o. starker] Anreiz to provide an incentive to do sth einen Anreiz schaffen, etw zu tun

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thus adverb formal UK /ðʌs/ US /ðʌs/ in this way: Bend from the waist, thus. B2 with this result: They planned to reduce staff and thus to cut costs. thus far as far as this or until now: We haven't had any problems thus far. The publishers claim that the book constitutes 'the first sequential exposition of events and thus of the history of the revolution'. Thus the Romans left Britain. Exercise made us more hungry and thus our food supplies ran out. Fold the sheets thus. thus [ðas] ♦ adverb (referring to something mentioned immediately before or after) in this or that way or manner: He spoke thus; Thus, he was able to finish the work quickly. بدین گونه؛ بدین ترتیب /thus/ adv. ● بدین طریق،بدین گونه،بدین نحو،این جور،این طور Thus Spake Zarathustra زرتشت چنین گفت she described the situation thus ... وضعیت را این جور توصیف کرد ... the information thus collected was printed in newspapers اطلاعاتی که از این راه به دست آمده بود در روزنامه‌ها چاپ شد. ● بنابراین،در نتیجه،بدین ترتیب،از اینرو he was sick and old and thus incapable of climbing that mountain او بیمار و پیر بود و بنابراین نمی‌توانست از آن کوه بالا برود. ● مثلا people are ungrateful; thus a man I know was kicked out of the house by his own children مردم نمک‌نشناس هستند; مثلا مردی را می‌شناسم که فرزندان خودش او را از خانه بیرون کرده‌اند. * thus far 1- تا کنون،تا حالا 2- تا این میزان،تا این درجه thus (therefore): thus folglich 2. thus (in this way): thus so thus auf diese Weise thus ˈfar ADV 1. thus far (up till now): thus far bisher thus far CH a. bis anhin 2. thus far (up to this point): thus far so weit

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broad [broːd] ♦ adjective 1 wide; great in size from side to side: a broad street. پهن؛ عریض 2 from side to side: two metres broad. پهنا 3 general; not detailed: We discussed the plans in broad outline. کلی؛ اصلی ˈbroaden ♦ verb to make or become broad or broader. پهن کردن؛ عریض کردن ˈbroadly ♦ adverb generally: Broadly speaking, I'd say your chances are poor. بطور کلی broad daylight full daylight: The child was attacked in broad daylight. روز روشن ˌbroad-ˈminded ♦ adjective ready to allow others to think or act as they choose without criticizing them: a broad-minded headmaster. روشنفکر broadside on sideways: The ships collided broadside on. هر یک از دو پهلوی کشتی /brôd/ adj., adv., n. ● پهن،عریض،پر پهنا a broad street خیابان پهن Arvand river is broad اروندرود عریض است. a tall man with broad shoulders مردی قدبلند با شانه‌های پهن ● گسترده،پهناور،وسیع،جامع،گشاده،فراخناک broad prairies دشت‌های پهناور the broad expanse of the sea گستره‌ی پهناور دریا a broad smile لبخندی باز with a broad grin بانیش باز ● باز،صاف،پخش broad daylight روز روشن ● آسان فهم،آشکار،واضح a broad hint اشاره‌ای واضح ● آزاده،لیبرال،اغماضگر،آزادمنش،پر مدارا،با گذشت this artist has a broad range of interests این هنرمند علایق گسترده‌ای دارد. broad-minded گسترده‌نگر،روشنفکر ● بی‌ادبانه،خارج از نزاکت،قبیح a broad joke شوخی خارج از نزاکت ● کلی،اصلی a broad outline خلاصه‌ی کلی the broad policy objectives of the government هدف‌های کلی سیاست خارجی دولت ● (زبان‌شناسی) هجای بلند (مثل صدای A در واژه‌ی: father)،(در مورد لهجه و گویش محلی) غلیظ a broad Kashy accent لهجه‌ی کاشی غلیظ ● (امریکا - خودمانی - ناخوشایند) زن،ضعیفه * a broad education تحصیلات گسترده (در چند رشته) broad span große Spannbreite [der Hand] broad shoulders breite Schultern broad in the beam scherzh dated breit gebaut a broad accent/grin ein breiter Akzent/ein breites Grinsen a broad description/generalization eine grobe Beschreibung/Verallgemeinerung in broad daylight am helllichten Tag[e] a broad range/spectrum eine breite Palette/ein breites Spektrum a broad expanse eine weite Ausdehnung broad/pronounced accent breiter/starker Akzent broad-leaved endive Breitblattendivie f broad-leaved plant breitblättrige Pflanze broad-leaved tree Baum m mit breitblättrigem Laub broad-spectrum antibiotic Breitbandantibiotikum nt broad comedy/humour derbe Komödie/derber Humor the broad [or Am usu big] picture die allgemeine Situation to be in broad agreement weitgehend übereinstimmen [o. einer Meinung sein] to have a broad appeal sich allgemeiner Beliebtheit erfreuen to be broad in the beam breite Hüften haben to drop [or give] a broad hint einen Wink mit dem Zaunpfahl geben

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embrace [imˈbreis] ♦ verb to take (a person etc ) in the arms; to hug: She embraced her brother warmly. در آغوش گرفتن؛ بقل کردن ♦ noun a clasping in the arms; a hug: a loving embrace. در آغوش گیری [emˈbrās] verb - embrace پذیرفتن: accept, embrace, admit, receive, allow, hear در اغوش گرفتن: embrace, hug, clasp, cuddle, embosom, enclasp در بر گرفتن: encompass, embrace, infold, snuggle, enclasp, enfold بغل کردن: hug, embrace, embosom شامل بودن: include, contain, subtend, comprise, consist, embrace noun - embrace اغوش: arms, embrace, armful, fagot

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US UK AU compute [kəmˈpjuːt] ♦ verb to calculate or estimate. محاسبه کردن ˌcompuˈtation [kom-] ♦ noun . محاسبه /kǝm pyōōt´/ vt., vi. ● محاسبه کردن،حساب کردن (معمولا با ماشین)،آماردن،شمارگری کردن،آماریدن we can now compute the distance between the Moon and the Earth accurately اکنون می‌توانیم فاصله‌ی ماه از زمین را دقیقا محاسبه کنیم. ● (با بکار بردن کامپیوتر) حساب کردن،تعیین کردن،بررسی کردن،رایانگری کردن،کامپیوتر کاری کردن in the future, computing will be as important as literacy در آینده کار با کامپیوتر به اهمیت داشتن سواد خواهد بود. ● محاسبه،شمارگری،آمارش (بیشتر در این عبارت: نشمردنی،بی‌شمار،محاسبه ناپذیر = beyond compute) 😎 calculate calculate [ˈkӕlkjuleit] ♦ verb to count or estimate, using numbers: Calculate the number of days in a century. محاسبه کردن ˈcalculable ♦ adjective . محاسبه پذیر؛ قابل پیش بینی ˌcalcuˈlation ♦ noun . محاسبه ˈcalculator ♦ noun a machine for calculating: Use a calculator for adding all those numbers. ماشین حساب Arianpur-OpenDictionary /kal´kyōō lāt´, -kyǝ-/ vt. ● محاسبه کردن،حساب کردن،آماردن،آماریدن Nasser carefully calculated the amount he owed ناصر مبلغ بدهی خود را دقیقا حساب کرد. ● برآورد کردن،(در اثر محاسبه) برداشت کردن،انگشتن،نتیجه گرفتن actions whose consequences could in no way be calculated اعمالی که نتایج آن به هیچ‌وجه برآوردشدنی نبود ● منظور داشتن a tale calculated to mislead the reader داستانی که منظور آن گمراه کردن خواننده است ● (گویش محلی) فکر کردن،در نظر گرفتن،در نظر داشتن،تمایل داشتن (به انجام کاری) my uncle was calculating on the project as completed عمویم پیش خودش حساب می‌کرد که آن پروژه تکمیل شده است. ● متکی بودن بر،اطمینان کردن به

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blur noun [ S ] UK /blɜːr/ US /blɝː/ something that you cannot see clearly: If I don't wear my glasses, everything is just a blur. something that you cannot remember or understand clearly: It all happened so long ago that it's just a blur to me now. The last few days seem to have gone by in a blur. to blur a distinction Unterschiede verwischen to blur a picture die Konturen eines Bildes verschwimmen lassen übtr it's all just a blur to me now ich erinnere mich nur noch vage daran the last few days have gone by in a blur die letzten Tage sind einfach an mir vorbeigerauscht blur [bləː] ♦ noun something not clearly seen: Everything is just a blur when I take my spectacles off. مات؛ کدر ♦ verb– past tense, past participle blurred – to make or become unclear: The rain blurred my vision. نامشخص شدن؛ کدر کردن /blu_r/ n., vt., vi. ● (در اثر تاریکی یا زدودن و غیره) نامشخص شدن،کدر کردن یا شدن،مات کردن یا شدن،(تقریبا ولی نه کاملا) محو کردن یا شدن tears blurred his vision اشک دید او را مختل کرد. the picture you took is blurred عکسی که انداختی تار است. the line between art and reality became blurred in his mind حدفاصل بین هنر و واقعیت از ذهن او زدوده شده بود. ● کدر،مات،نامشخص،محو in very fast speeds everything becomes a blur در سرعت‌های خیلی زیاد همه چیز به نظر محو می‌آید. ● لکه یا آلوگی (به ویژه اگر چیزها را کدر یا نامشخص کند) ● هرچیزی که (به نظر یا به فکر) مبهم و کدر باشد ● (با لکه‌دار کردن و غیره تصویر و غیره را) محو یا نامشخص کردن the child had smeared paint over the picture and had blurred its details کودک روی عکس رنگ مالیده بود و جزئیات آن را محو کرده بود. ● (قدیمی) ن

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greet [griːt] ♦ verb to welcome: She greeted me when I arrived. خوش آمد گفتن ˈgreeting ♦ noun friendly words or actions used in welcome. سلام و تعارف ˈgreetings ♦ noun plural a friendly message: Christmas greetings. تبریکات greet verb UK /ɡriːt/ US /ɡriːt/ B1 [ T ] to welcome someone with particular words or a particular action, or to react to something in the stated way: He greeted me at the door. The teacher greeted each child with a friendly "Hello!" The unions have greeted the decision with delight/anger. [ T often passive ] If you are greeted by a sight, sound, or smell, you notice it immediately when you arrive somewhere: As we walked into the house, we were greeted by a wonderful smell of baking. More examples The dog trotted down the path to greet me. She ran excitedly down the hall to greet her cousins. 'Hi' is an informal way of greeting people. The new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd. The headteacher greeted us very formally.

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enhance verb [ T ] US /ɪnˈhæns/ to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something: The marinade enhances the flavor of the fish. The county took steps to enhance water quality. enhancement noun [ C/U ] US /ɪnˈhæns·mənt/ [ C ] The new system is a major enhancement in security. [ U ] Enhancement of local transportation is a priority. enhance [inˈhaːns] ♦ verb to make to appear greater or better. بهسازی کردن /en hans´, -häns´; in-/ vt. ● (هزینه یا ارزش یا جذابیت) بالابردن،زیاد کردن،افزودن،برافزودن music enhanced our enjoyment of the dinner موسیقی لذت ما را از شام بیشتر کرد. a blue dress enhanced the beauty of that girl پیراهن آبی بر زیبایی آن دختر می‌افزود. ● (وضع یا کیفیت) بهتر کردن،بهسازی کردن we must try to enhance the quality of our products باید بکوشیم تا کیفیت فرآورده‌های خود را بهتر کنیم. ● (با کامپیوتر یا سایر ابزار کیفیت و روشنی تصویر را بهتر کردن) بهبود دادن to enhance one's chances seine Chancen erhöhen [o. verbessern] to enhance sb's memory jds Erinnerungen [wieder] lebendig werden lassen to enhance one's eyebrows/eyes seine Augenbrauen/Augen betonen to enhance the price of sth etw verteuern

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frequent [ˈfriːkwənt] ♦ adjective happening often: He made frequent journeys. مکرر [friˈkwent]verb to visit often: He used to frequent the George Hotel. همیشه رفتن به ˈfrequency– plural ˈfrequencies – ♦ noun 1 the state of happening often: The frequency of her visits surprised him. تکرار 2 (in electricity, radio etc ) the number of waves, vibrations etc per second: At what frequency does the sound occur? بسامد 3 a set wavelength on which radio stations regularly broadcast: I regularly listen to this frequency in order to hear my favourite music. فرکانس ˈfrequently ♦ adverb often: He frequently arrived late. اغلب /frē´kwǝnt, frē kwent´, frē´kwent´, -kwǝnt/ adj., vt. ● مکرر،پی در پی،بس رخده،چند باره،بسایند،بسامدین their visits became more frequent ملاقات‌های آنها مرتب تکرار می‌شد. his frequent absences غیبت‌های پی در پی او ● دایم،مداوم،دم به دم،همیشگی،عادی a frequent guest at my father's house مهمان همیشگی منزل پدرم ● (در اصل) پر،مملو،شلوغ ● همیشه رفتن به،(اغلب) بودن در in his youth he frequented the theater, in his old age the church در جوانی مرتبا به تماشاخانه می رفت و در پیری مرتبا به کلیسا. frequently adverb UK /ˈfriː.kwənt.li/ US /ˈfriː.kwənt.li/ B1 often: frequently asked questions I see him frequently. The buses run less frequently on Sundays. They frequently hold conferences at that hotel. White marble is frequently streaked with grey, black or green. As a child, she frequently withdrew into her own fantasy world. Instead of defending traditional values, the church frequently seems weak-kneed and irresolute. She's written a program to find words which frequently occur together.

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retreat noun UK /rɪˈtriːt/ US /rɪˈtriːt/ retreat noun (POSITION) C2 [ C usually singular, U ] a move back by soldiers or an army, either because they have been defeated or in order to avoid fighting: the retreat from Dunkirk Enemy soldiers are now in (full) retreat. C2 [ C ] a private and safe place: a country/mountain/lakeside retreat [ C or U ] a period of time used to pray and study quietly, or to think carefully, away from normal activities and duties: We went on (a) retreat at/to a monastery in Wales. phrases retreat noun (DECISION) [ C ] a change from previous beliefs or behaviour: The professor's speech marked/signalled a retreat from his usual extreme views. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases retreat noun (PRICE) [ S or U ] a situation in which the price of something goes down: Over the past few weeks we have seen the currency's big retreat from its historic high. religious retreat (for Roman Catholics) Exerzitien pl to sound the retreat MILIT zum Rückzug blasen to go on retreat REL in Klausur gehen to sound a retreat zum Rückzug blasen to cover sb's retreat jds Rückzug decken to retreat in disorder MILIT sich Akk ungeordnet zurückziehen übtr to retreat into oneself sich Akk in sich Akk selbst zurückziehen a tactical retreat MILIT ein taktischer Rückzug to beat a [hasty] retreat [schnell] einen Rückzieher machen to retreat into the shade sich Akk in den Schatten zurückziehen to retreat from one's beliefs seine Überzeugungen ändern to retreat from one's principles von seinen Prinzipien abweichen to beat a hasty retreat ugs Fersengeld geben to retreat into a fantasy world sich Akk in eine Fantasiewelt flüchten the retreat quickly turned into a rout der Rückzug endete rasch im Chaos to retreat from one's promises/proposals seine Versprechen/Vorschläge zurücknehmen to mark [or signal] a retreat from sth eine Abweichung von etw Dat darstellen enemy soldiers are now in full retreat die feindlichen Soldaten haben jetzt den totalen Rückzug angetreten retreat [riˈtriːt] ♦ verb 1 to move back or away from a battle (usually because the enemy is winning): After a hard struggle, they were finally forced to retreat. عقب نشینی کردن 2 to withdraw; to take oneself away: He retreated to the peace of his own room. پس راندن ♦ noun 1 the act of retreating (from a battle, danger etc ): After the retreat, the soldiers rallied once more. صف آرایی 2 a signal to retreat: The bugler sounded the retreat. فرمان با شیپور عقب نشینی 3 (a place to which a person can go for) a period of rest, religious meditation etc : He has gone to a retreat to pray. خلوت گاه؛ جای دنج /ri trēt´/ n., vi., vt. ● عقب‌نشینی،پس نشینی،کالیدن the German retreat in the face of the British attack عقب‌نشینی آلمان‌ها در برابر حمله‌ی انگلیسی‌ها ● عقب‌نشینی کردن the enemy is retreating in every front دشمن در همه‌ی جبهه‌ها در حال عقب‌نشینی است. ● خلوتگاه،خلوت،جای دنج،رامشگاه،آسودگاه،ملجا a quiet village that has become a retreat for the city's writers and artists یک دهکده‌ی آرام که ملجا نویسندگان و هنرمندان شهر شده است. his weekend retreat is a Karaj garden خلوتگاه آخر هفته‌ی او باغی در کرج است. ● پسروی،پسرفت،رجعت،(مجازی) کناره‌گیری،گریز،فرار his retreat from the realities of life گریز از واقعیات زندگی the retreat of the forest پسرفت جنگل the final retreat of ice during the Third Ice Age پسرفت نهایی یخ در دوران سوم یخبندان ● پسرفتن،پسروی کردن،رجعت کردن،بازگشتن once again, Asghar retreated into a world of his own fantasies اصغر یک بار دیگر به جهان تخیلات خود رجعت کرد. ● تو رفتن،تورفتگی داشتن،به عقب شیب داشتن،پس خمش a retreating chin چانه‌ی تورفته the retreating wing tip of an airplane نوک عقب رفته‌ی بال هواپیما ● (سالمندان یا بیماران روانی) آسایشگاه ● (ارتش) فرمان یا شیپور عقب‌نشینی،شیپور شامگاه،مراسم شامگاه،مراسم فروآوری پرچم (در شامگاه) ● (شطرنج) عقب‌نشینی مهره * beat a retreat 1- (ارتش) زدن طبل عقب نشینی 2- با شتاب عقب‌نشینی کردن * in retreat 1- در حال عقب‌نشینی 2- در خلوت

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ingenuous adjective formal UK /ɪnˈdʒen.ju.əs/ US /ɪnˈdʒen.ju.əs/ honest, sincere, and trusting, sometimes in a way that seems silly: It has to be said it was rather ingenuous of him to ask a complete stranger to take care of his luggage. disingenuous adjective formal UK /ˌdɪs.ɪnˈdʒen.ju.əs/ US /ˌdɪs.ɪnˈdʒen.ju.əs/ (of a person or their behaviour) slightly dishonest, or not speaking the complete truth: It was disingenuous of her to claim she had no financial interest in the case. disingenuous manner verlogene Art disingenuous smile verlogenes Lächeln disingenuous look verschlagener Blick [ˌdisinˈjenyo͞oəs] adjective - disingenuous دو رو: insincere, disingenuous, reversible, hypocritical, Januslike, double-faced بدون صراحت لهجه: disingenuous بدون صمیمیت: disingenuous

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manner [ˈmӕnə] ♦ noun 1 a way in which anything is done etc : She greeted me in a friendly manner. حالت 2 the way in which a person behaves, speaks etc : I don't like her manner. رفتار 3 (in plural ) (polite) behaviour, usually towards others: Why doesn't she teach her children (good) manners? ادب -ˈmannered having, or showing, manners of a certain kind: a well- / bad-mannered person. دارای رفتار بخصوص ˈmannerism ♦ noun an odd and obvious habit in a person's behaviour, speech etc : He scratches his ear when he talks and has other mannerisms. اطوار؛ عادت all manner of all kinds of: He has all manner of problems. همه نوع in a manner of speaking in a certain way: I suppose, in a manner of speaking, I am an engineer. قطعا /man´ǝr/ n. ● روش،طرز،طور،طریق،روال the manner of opening this box طرز باز کردن این جعبه he spoke in an offensive manner او به طرز زننده‌ای حرف می‌زد. food prepared in the Chinese manner خوراکی که به روش چینی تهیه شده است ● (طرز) رفتار،خو،عادت،لحن،هنجار his sarcastic manner رفتار سخره آمیز او he spoke to all the children as was his manner او طبق عادت با همه‌ی بچه ها صحبت کرد. ● (جمع) سلوک،رفتار اجتماعی،سنت‌ها،باب روز،آداب (ادب)،نزاکت a comedy of manners شادمایش (کمدی) آداب اجتماعی good manners نیک رفتاری،رفتار پسندیده bad manners بی‌ادبی،زشت رفتاری،رفتار ناپسند a child who has no manners طفلی که ادب ندارد the licentious manners of a corrupt society رفتار بی‌بندوبار یک اجتماع فاسد this novel is a study in the manners of this class این رمان،پژوهشی است در چگونگی رفتار این طبقه. ● (هنر و ادبیات و غیره) سبک،اسلوب different jazz manners سبک های مختلف موسیقی جاز paintings done in his early manner نقاشی هایی که به سبک ابتدایی او کشیده شده است ● گونه،نوع،جور،قسم،طور what manner of man is he? او چه طور آدمی است‌؟ all manner of things همه جور چیز he picked up all manner of more or less important information او همه گونه اطلاعات کم و بیش مهم را کسب کرد. * all manner of همه جور،همه قبیل،همه نوع * by any manner of means 1- اصلا،به هیچ وجه 2- به هر صورت،به هر طریق * by all manner of means البته،حتما،هرطور که شده،به هرطریق * by no manner of means 1- ابدا،هرگز،به هیچ وجه 2- به هر صورت،به هر طریق * in a manner born به اصطلاح،از برخی نظرها،تااندازه‌ای * manners make the man ارزش مرد به رفتار اوست * to the manner born آموخته از بدو زندگی،خوگرفته از زمان تولد،طبیعتا مناسب برای direct manner direkte Art professional manner professionelles Auftreten intimidating manner einschüchternde Art suave manner weltmännische/zuvorkommende Art amicable manner freundliche [o. liebenswürdige] Art engaging manner einnehmende Art vainglorious manner hochnäsige Art regal manner Vornehmtuerei nt abw

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accelerate verb US /ɪkˈsel·əˌreɪt, æk-/ accelerate verb (GO FASTER) to move more quickly, or to make something happen faster or sooner: [ I ] He stepped on the gas and accelerated rapidly to pass a car. accelerate verb (INCREASE RATE) [ T ] PHYSICS to make something, esp. a process or a very small piece of matter, move faster to happen or make something happen sooner or faster: Inflation is likely to accelerate this year, adding further upward pressure on interest rates. They use special chemicals to accelerate the growth of crops. accelerate [əkˈseləreit] ♦ verb 1 to increase speed: The driver accelerated to pass the other car. تسریع کردن؛ تندتر رفتن 2 to make (something) happen sooner: Worry accelerated his death. جلو انداختن acˌceleˈration ♦ noun . شتاب acˈcelerator ♦ noun a pedal, lever etc that controls the speed or acceleration of a machine. پدال گاز

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escalate [ˈeskəleit] ♦ verb to increase or enlarge rapidly: Prices are escalating. افزایش یافتن؛ بالا رفتن ˌescaˈlation ♦ noun . تشدید؛ افزایش es´kǝ lāt´/ vi., vt. ● (با پله برقی) بالارفتن یا بردن ● (جنگ و آتش سوزی و غیره) بالا گرفتن،فزونی یافتن،تشدید کردن،شدید کردن یا شدن،(هر چیز ناخوشایند) زیاد شدن،رسیدن (به مرحله‌ی بدتر)،از مهار خارج شدن،از دست رفتن their conflicts escalated and ended up in a destructive war اختلافات آنها بالا گرفت و به جنگ ویرانگری منتهی شد. price escalation بالا رفتن (یا بالا بردن) قیمت‌ها by doing so, you escalate the problem! با این کار مسئله را تشدید می‌کنی‌! the two tribe's hostility escalated into war کار دشمنی آن دو قبیله به جنگ کشید.

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charity [ˈtʃӕrəti]– plural ˈcharities – ♦ noun 1 kindness (especially in giving money to poor people): She gave clothes to the gypsies out of charity. مهربانی 2 an organization set up to collect money for the needy, for medical research etc : Many charities sent money to help the victims of the disaster. موسسه خیریه ˈcharitable ♦ adjective 1 (negative uncharitable ) kind. خیرخواه؛ بخشنده 2 of a charity: a charitable organization. خیریه ˈcharitably ♦ adverb . خیرخواهانه char´i tē/ n., pl. ● (اصول مسیحیت) محبت خدا نسبت به بشر و عشق و گذشت انسان‌ها نسبت به یکدیگر ● نیکوکاری،مهر،محبت،حسن نیت،نیک اندیشی،نیکخواهی،احسان the widow and her baby depended on the charity of their neighbors بیوه زن و فرزند نوزاد او متکی به احسان همسایگان بودند. ● گذشت (از تقصیر و گناه دیگران)،رحمت،اغماض،چشم پوشی،سعه‌ی صدر she had enough charity to forgive her husband's killers او آن قدر گذشت داشت که قاتلان شوهرش را بخشید. ● سخاوت (در دادن پول به فقیران)،دهش،دهشمندی ● صدقه،(جمع) خیرات،اعانه ● بنیاد نیکوکاری،موسسه‌ی خیریه he left his belongings to local charities او دارایی خود را برای سازمان‌های خیریه‌ی محلی به جای گذاشت. * charity begins at home چراغی که به خانه رواست به مسجد حرام است،اول به اهل بیت خودت احسان کن charity noun UK /ˈtʃær.ə.ti/ US /ˈtʃer.ə.t̬i/ charity noun (GIVING) [ C ] an organization whose purpose is to give money, food, or help to those who need it, or to carry out activities such as medical research that will help people in need, and not to make a profit: Proceeds from the sale of these cards will go to (= be given to) local charities. UNICEF is an international charity. a cancer research charity B1 [ U ] help, especially in the form of money, given freely to people who are in need, for example because they are ill, poor, or have no home, and organizations that provide this help: She does a lot of work for charity. People tend to give to (= give money to) charity at Christmas time. They did a charity performance on the first night, to raise money for AIDS research. charity sale Wohltätigkeitsbasar m Christian charity christliche Nächstenliebe charity work ehrenamtliche Arbeit [für einen wohltätigen Zweck] human charity Nächstenliebe f registered charity eingetragene [o. offiziell anerkannte] Hilfsorganisation charity begins at home Sprichw man muss zuerst an die eigene Familie denken as cold as charity (of low temperature) eiskalt to depend on charity auf Sozialhilfe angewiesen sein to show charity barmherzig sein to accept charity Almosen annehmen international/local charity internationale/örtliche Wohltätigkeitsorganisation charity concert/programme Benefizkonzert nt /Benefizveranstaltung f have faith, hope and charity verwirkliche Glauben, Hoffnung und Großzügigkeit the proceeds go to charity die Erträge sind für wohltätige Zwecke bestimmt to donate money to charity Geld für wohltätige Zwecke spenden an act of charity/kindness ein Akt m der Nächstenliebe/Güte

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salute [səˈluːt] ♦ verb 1 (especially in the forces) to raise the (usually right) hand to the forehead to show respect: They saluted their commanding officer. اداي احترام كردن 2 to honour by firing eg large guns: They saluted the Queen by firing one hundred guns. احترامات نظامي به جا آوردن ♦ noun an act of saluting: The officer gave a salute; a 21-gun salute. اداي احترام /sǝ lōōt´/ vt., vi. ● سلام کردن،ادای احترام کردن،درود گفتن،(به احترام) سر خم کردن،کلاه از سر برداشتن،خوشامد گفتن the students saluted the teacher cheerfully دانش‌آموزان با گشاده‌رویی به معلم سلام کردند. ● (ارتش) سلام نظامی دادن،(با خم کردن سر پرچم یا شلیک گلوله و غیره) احترام گذاشتن،درود فرستادن officers are required to salute their superiors افسران ملزم هستند که به مافوق خود سلام بدهند. ● مورد تحسین و تکریم قرار دادن،بزرگداشت کردن we salute those who gave their lives for freedom به آنان‌که جان خود را فدای آزادی کردند درود می‌فرستیم. ● سلام،درود،سلام و تعارف،ادای احترام،خوشامدگویی she did not answer my salute به ادای احترام من پاسخ نداد. ● مراسم سلام،مراسم درود،درودگویی،بزرگداشت،قدردانی the party was a salute to the founders of this museum مهمانی به مناسبت بزرگداشت از موسسان این موزه برگزار شد. ● (ارتش) طرز قرارگیری دست و بدن یا تفنگ و غیره هنگام اجرای سلام نظامی،سلام نظامی to stand at salute به‌حالت خبردار و سلام نظامی ایستادن a gun salute مراسم احترام با شلیک توپ snappy salute zackiger Gruß to take the salute die Parade abnehmen to salute the flag vor der Fahne salutieren to give a salute salutieren to fire a salute Salut schießen to salute the colours die Fahne grüßen the soldier gave a smart salute der Soldat salutierte zackig she raised her arms in a salute sie erhob ihre Arme zum Gruß liter to return a blow/a salute/a wave zurückschlagen/-grüßen/-winken I salute their efforts to stem the tide of poverty in this country ich verneige mich vor ihren Bemühungen, die Flut der Armut in diesem Land einzudämmen

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snitch sniCH] snitch verb (TELL SECRETLY) [ I ] to secretly tell someone in authority that someone else has done something bad, often in order to cause trouble: If you keep snitching on your friends, you won’t have many left. snitch verb (STEAL) [ T ] to steal, or to take without permission: I snitched a pencil from your desk – hope you don’t mind. snitch Petze f abw sl snitch Tratsche f abw ugs

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B2 [ C ] an area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live: Box Hill is a suburb of Melbourne. We drove from middle-class suburbs to a very poor inner-city area. suburb [ˈsabəːb] ♦ noun (often in plural ) an area of houses on the outskirts of a city, town etc : Edgbaston is a suburb of Birmingham; They decided to move out to the suburbs. حومه suˈburban ♦ adjective of suburbs: suburban housing. حومه اي suˈburbia [-biə] ♦ noun the suburbs. حومه نشيني outer suburb Stadtrandsiedlung f bedroom suburb [or town] Schlafstadt f ugs a lily-white suburb ein nur von Weißen bewohnter Vorort

Answer 356

pedophile pē´dō fīl´, -dǝ-/ n. ● لواط کار،بچه باز pedophilia /pē´dō fil´ē ǝ/ n. ● (میل مقاربت جنسی با کودکان) بچه بازی،کودک

Answer 357

janitor [ˈdʒӕnitə]– feminine ˈjanitress – ♦ noun a caretaker or a doorkeeper. سرایدار؛ دربان

Answer 358

scalpel [ˈskӕlpəl] ♦ noun a small knife with a thin blade, used in surgical operations. چاقوي كوچك جراحي

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palatable adjective (TASTE) formal Palatable food or drink has a pleasant taste: a very palatable wine The meal was barely palatable. palatable adjective (ACCEPTABLE) acceptable: I'm afraid the members won't find all these changes very palatable. palatable adjective US /ˈpæl·ə·t̬ə·bəl/ good enough to eat or drink: They could make powdered eggs into palatable omelets. If something is palatable, it is acceptable: The city council has tried to make property taxes more palatable by giving homeowners more time to pay them.

Answer 360

misogyny noun [ U ] UK /mɪˈsɒdʒ.ən.i/ US /mɪˈsɑː.dʒən.i/ feelings of hating women, or the belief that men are much better than women [məˈsäjənē] noun - misogyny تنفر از زن: misogyny

Answer 361

divisive adjective UK /dɪˈvaɪ.sɪv/ US /dɪˈvaɪ.sɪv/ used to describe something that causes great and sometimes unfriendly disagreement within a group of people: The Vietnam war was an extremely divisive issue in the US tending to cause disagreements that separate people into opposing groups: The campaign for the mayor’s office was racially divisive. divisive entzweiend to be a divisive element within the family ein Streitpunkt innerhalb der Familie sein divisive issue Streitfrage f to be a highly divisive issue ein höchst kontroverses Thema sein

Answer 362

pube noun [ C often plural ] informal UK /pjuːb/ US /pjuːb/ one of the short, curly hairs that grow around the sexual organs after puberty

Answer 363

intimacy noun UK /ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/ US /ˈɪn.t̬ə.mə.si/ [ U ] a situation in which you have a close friendship or sexual relationship with someone: Intimacy between teachers and students is not recommended. [ C usually plural ] things that are said or done only by people who have a close relationship with each other: It was obvious from their witty intimacies that they had been good friends for many years. intimacy between teachers and pupils eine [zu] enge Beziehung zwischen Lehrern und Schülern

Answer 364

doom [duːm] ♦ noun fate, especially something terrible and final which is about to happen (to one): The whole place had an atmosphere of doom; His doom was inevitable. سرنوشت شوم؛ بدشگونی ♦ verb to condemn; to make certain to come to harm, fail etc : His crippled leg doomed him to long periods of unemployment; The project was doomed to failure; He was doomed from the moment he first took drugs. دچار عقوبت کردن؛ به سرنوشت بدی دچار کردن doom [duːm] ♦ noun fate, especially something terrible and final which is about to happen (to one): The whole place had an atmosphere of doom; His doom was inevitable. سرنوشت شوم؛ بدشگونی ♦ verb to condemn; to make certain to come to harm, fail etc : His crippled leg doomed him to long periods of unemployment; The project was doomed to failure; He was doomed from the moment he first took drugs. دچار عقوبت کردن؛ به سرنوشت بدی دچار کردن 🤣gloom [gluːm] ♦ noun 1 a state of not quite complete darkness: I could not tell the colour of the car in the gloom. تیرگی؛ کم نوری 2 sadness: The king's death cast a gloom over the whole country. اندوه ˈgloomy ♦ adjective 1 sad or depressed: Don't look so gloomy. محزون؛ افسرده 2 depressing: gloomy news. غمگین کننده 3 dim; dark: gloomy rooms. نیمه تاریک ˈgloominess ♦ noun . افسردگی؛ تاریکی

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cult [kalt] ♦ noun a particular system of (religious) belief or worship: a strange new religious cult; Physical fitness has become a cult with him. فرقه /kult/ n. ● فرقه (گروه شبه مذهبی که معمولا در یکجا با هم زندگی کرده و تحت نفوذ رهبر پرجذبه‌ای قرار دارند و از عقاید افراطی یا غیرسنتی پیروی می‌کنند) the leader of the cult was a charismatic man who enjoyed the complete obedience of his followers رهبر آن فرقه مرد پرجذبه‌ای بود که از اطاعت کامل پیروانش برخوردار بود. ● مراسم مذهبی،آیین نیایش،پرستش the cult of the Virgin Mary in medieval times آیین نیایش مریم باکره در قرون وسطی ● (پرستش شخص یا عقاید یا روش‌های بخصوصی به ویژه برای مدتی کوتاه) تب و تاب،سینه چاکی،آتش زود خاموش،موج the love of the Beatles became like a cult شیفتگی نسبت به بیتل‌ها تبدیل به (نوعی) کیش شد. modern artistic cults گرایش‌های هنری نوین the cult of art-for-art's sake مکتب هنر برای هنر the cult of money and success پرستش پول و موفقیت ● پیروان،اعضای فرقه

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hilarious adjective UK /hɪˈleə.ri.əs/ US /hɪˈler.i.əs/ C1 extremely funny and causing a lot of laughter: He didn't like the film at all - I thought it was hilarious. hilarious adjective US /hɪˈleər·i·əs/ extremely amusing and causing a lot of laughter: Her jokes are absolutely hilarious. hilarious [hiˈleəriəs] ♦ adjective very funny: a hilarious comedy. نشاط آور hiˈlariously ♦ adverb . بطور با نشاط hiˈlarity [-ˈlӕ-] ♦ noun amusement; laughter. نشاط /hi ler´ē ǝs/ adj. ● شاد،مسرت بخش،خنده‌آور،مضحک the hilarious account of their meeting شرح خنده‌دار ملاقات آنها the show was very hilarious نمایش بسیار فکاهی بود. ● پر سروصدا و شادی،شاد و خرم

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resign [rəˈzain] ♦ verb 1 to leave a job etc : If he criticizes my work again I'll resign; He resigned (from) his post. استعفا دادن؛ کناره گیری کردن 2 (with to ) to make (oneself) accept (a situation, fact etc ) with patience and calmness: He has resigned himself to the possibility that he may never walk again. به خود قبولاندن resignation [rezigˈneiʃən] ♦ noun 1 the act of resigning. استعفا 2 a letter etc stating that one is resigning: You will receive my resignation tomorrow. استعفانامه 3 (the state of having or showing) patient, calm acceptance (of a situation, fact etc ): He accepted his fate with resignation. قبول؛ پذیرش reˈsigned ♦ adjective (often with to ) having or showing patient, calm acceptance (of a fact, situation etc ): He is resigned to his fate. بردبار /ri zīn´/ vt., vi. ● استعفا دادن،مستعفی شدن،کناره‌گیری کردن to resign one's post از مقام خود کناره‌گیری کردن the minister of the interior resigned وزیر کشور استعفا داد. Ahmad was forced to resign احمد را وادار به استعفا کردند. ● صرفنظر کردن،دست برداشتن،چشم پوشیدن،تفویض کردن she resigned all her rights in that property از کلیه‌ی حقوق خود نسبت به آن ملک چشم پوشید. ● سپردن،واگذار کردن she resigned the child to my care بچه رابه من سپرد. ● (معمولا با: -self) رضایت دادن،به خود قبولاندن،پذیرفتن he is resigned to his fate او سرنوشت خود را پذیرفته است. she resigned herself to a life of poverty and solitude او خود را با زندگی در فقر و تنهایی آشتی داد

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solitude noun [ U ] UK /ˈsɒl.ɪ.tʃuːd/ US /ˈsɑː.lə.tuːd/ C1 the situation of being alone without other people: a life of solitude After months of solitude at sea it felt strange to be in company. It provides one with a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude. He prefers the solitude of the country to the chaos of the city. in solitude alleine to live in solitude in völliger Abgeschiedenheit leben

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arrange verb US /əˈreɪndʒ/ arrange verb (PLAN) [ I/T ] to plan or make preparations for something or for something to happen: [ T ] He arranged a meeting between the two leaders. [ + to infinitive ] My friends arranged to eat with me. [ I ] Shelly arranged for the publication of her thesis. arrange verb (PUT IN POSITION) [ T ] to put something in a particular order: We arranged the chairs in a circle. Books should be arranged alphabetically by author. arrange verb (WRITE MUSIC) [ T ] to write the parts of a piece of music so that it can be played by a particular instrument or instruments arranger noun [ C ] US /əˈreɪn·dʒər/ Ellington was a composer, arranger, and pianist. arrange [əˈreindʒ] ♦ verb 1 to put in some sort of order: Arrange these books in alphabetical order; She arranged the flowers in a vase. مرتب کردن 2 to plan or make decisions (about future events): We have arranged a meeting for next week; I have arranged to meet him tomorrow. ترتیب دادن؛ مقرر داشتن 3 to make (a piece of music) suitable for particular voices or instruments: music arranged for choir and orchestra. تنظیم کردن arˈrangement ♦ noun I like the arrangement of the furniture; flower-arrangements; They've finally come to some sort of arrangement about sharing expenses; a new arrangement for guitar and orchestra. آرایش؛ ترتیب arˈrangements ♦ noun plural plans; preparations: Have you made any arrangments for a meeting with him?; funeral arrangements. ترتیب؛ قرار /ǝ rānj´/ vt., vi. ● مرتب کردن،آراستن،پیراستن Pari arranged the chairs around the table پری صندلی‌ها را دور میز چید. Homa swept and arranged the room هما اتاق را جارو و مرتب کرد. ● کلاسه کردن،طبقه‌بندی کردن،سوا کردن،سازمند کردن،سازوار کردن Mina arranged the pictures in three boxes مینا عکس‌ها را در سه جعبه دسته کرد. ● تهیه کردن،آماده کردن to arrange a program of entertainment برنامه‌ی سرگرمی را ریختن ● توافق کردن،قرار گذاشتن I have arranged with Julie to go with them با جولی قرار گذاشته‌ام که با آنها بروم. ● ترتیب دادن،مقرر داشتن I have arranged for you to meet with the minister ترتیبش را داده‌ام که با وزیر ملاقات کنی. please arrange to have a taxi bring us from the airport لطفا ترتیبی دهید که یک تاکسی مارا از فرودگاه بیاورد. this bank arranges temporary loans, too این بانک وام موقت هم فراهم می‌کند. ● قطعه‌ی موسیقی را با آلات موسیقی دیگر یا آوازهای دیگر اجرا کردن،(موسیقی) اقتباس کردن،قطعه‌ی موسیقی را دگرسان کردن،جرح و تعدیل کردن folk songs arranged by Sherry Fiorendino آوازهای محلی به اقتباس و آرایش شری فیورندینو ger: ar•ran•gie•ren [arã'ʒiːrən, -'ʒiːɐn]; arrangierte, hat arrangiert; [Vt] 1. etwas arrangieren die nötigen Vorbereitungen treffen, damit etwas durchgeführt werden kann ≈ organisieren: ein Gespräch, ein Treffen zwischen Staatsmännern arrangieren 2. etwas arrangieren etwas künstlerisch anordnen: Blumen kunstvoll arrangieren 3. etwas arrangieren ein Musikstück für eine bestimmte Besetzung od. Aufführung bearbeiten; [Vr] 4. jemand arrangiert sich mit jemandem; arrangieren sich meist zwei Personen schließen einen Kompromiss: Wir waren unterschiedlicher Meinung, konnten uns aber in den wichtigen Punkten arrangieren 5. sich (mit etwas) arrangieren sich mit den gegebenen Umständen abfinden ≈ sich mit etwas zufriedengeben: Der Autor musste sich mit den politischen Verhältnissen seines Landes arrangieren || zu 2. und 3. Ar•ran•ge•ment [arãʒ(ə)'mãː] das; -s, -s

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negotiate verb (DISCUSS) C1 [ I or T ] to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them: The government has refused to negotiate with the strikers. I'm negotiating for a new contract. I've managed to negotiate (= get by discussion) a five percent pay increase with my boss. negotiate verb (MANAGE TO DO) [ T ] to manage to travel along a difficult route: The only way to negotiate the muddy hillside is on foot. [ T ] to deal with something difficult: The company's had some tricky problems to negotiate in its first year in business. negotiate [niˈgəuʃieit] ♦ verb 1 to bargain or discuss a subject in order to agree. مذاکره کردن 2 to arrange (a treaty, payment etc ), usually after a long discussion. وارد معامله شدن 3 to get past (an obstacle or difficulty). طی کردن neˈgotiator ♦ noun . مذاکره کننده neˌgotiˈation ♦ noun Negotiations ended without any settlement being reached; The dispute was settled by negotiation. گفتگوها ni gō´shē āt´, -sē-/ vi., vt. ● مذاکره کردن،گفتگوکردن،چک و چانه زدن،مورد بحث قرار دادن،جستارزدن the two sides negotiated a new peace treaty طرفین درباره‌ی یک قرارداد جدید صلح مذاکره کردند. he wanted to negotiate before naming a price او می‌خواست قبل از ذکر قیمت چک و چانه بزند. ● (پس از مذاکره) به توافق رسیدن،(با موفقیت) انجام دادن he negotiated them into doing exactly what he wanted طی مذاکره آنها راواداشت که درست آن طوری که می‌خواست عمل کنند. he negotiated his business with remarkable skill او با مهارت چشمگیر معاملات بازرگانی خود را انجام می‌داد. ● (اوراق بهادار و سهام و غیره) دادوستد کردن،انتقال دادن ● (به سختی) عبور کردن،گذشتن (از)،پیش رفتن،طی کردن to negotiate a deep river به سختی از رود ژرف رد شدن we carefully negotiated the winding road ما با دقت راه پر پیچ و خم را طی کردیم. to negotiate a contract einen Vertrag verhandeln to negotiate securities Sicherheiten übertragen to negotiate a loan/treaty einen Darlehensvertrag/Vertrag abschließen (cash in) to negotiate a cheque [or Am check] einen Scheck einlösen to negotiate a peace with sb/sth ein Friedensabkommen mit jdm/etw aushandeln to negotiate [or overcome]/remove an obstacle ein Hindernis überwinden/beseitigen to negotiate [or reach] a settlement [with sb] [mit jdm] eine Einigung erzielen the firm continues to play the field and negotiate with other companies die Firma sondiert das Terrain und verhandelt mit weiteren Firmen

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debt noun [ C or U ] UK /det/ US /det/ B2 something, especially money, that is owed to someone else, or the state of owing something: He managed to pay off his debts in two years. The company ran up huge debts. They are in debt to (= owe money to) the bank. He got into debt (= borrowed money) after he lost his job. The company is deep in debt (= owes a lot of money). debt noun [ C ] US /det/ something owed, esp. money: He managed to pay off his debts in two years. If you are in debt, you owe money: We seem to be perpetually in debt. If you go into debt, you borrow money. US UK AU debt [det] ♦ noun what one person owes to another: His debts amount to over $3,000; a debt of gratitude. بدهی؛ قرض ˈdebtor ♦ noun a person who owes a debt. مدیون؛ بدهکار in debt owing money. بدهی؛ قرض outstanding debt aufgenommener Kredit m unsecured debt ungesicherte Verbindlichkeit funded debt (of British National Debt) langfristige Verpflichtungen pl debt collection Schuldeneintreibung f personal debt Privatschulden pl irredeemable debt nicht tilgbare Schuld fachspr bonded debt Obligationsschuld f delinquent debt überfällige Schuld a debt of gratitude eine Dankesschuld geh to fall into debt sich Akk verschulden deferral of debt repayment Moratorium nt deferment of debt repayment Moratorium nt to reschedule a debt umschulden allowance for bad debt Kursverlustentschädigung f to sink a debt eine Schuld tilgen to sink into debt in Schulden geraten to fund a debt einen Kredit konsolidieren

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simultaneous adjective [ not gradable ] US /ˌsɑɪ·məlˈteɪ·ni·əs, ˌsɪm·əl-/ happening or existing at exactly the same time: The report will be broadcast in Russian with simultaneous English translation. simultaneously adverb [ not gradable ] US /ˌsɑɪ·məlˈteɪ·ni·əs·li, ˌsɪm·əl-/ To drive a car, you’ve got to learn to do several things simultaneously. simultaneous [siməlˈteiniəs, (American) sai-] ♦ adjective happening, or done, at exactly the same time: He fell, and there was a simultaneous gasp from the crowd. همزمان ˌsimulˈtaneously ♦ adverb . به طور همزمان /sī´mǝl tā´nē ǝs/ adj. ● همزمان،مقارن،توام simultaneous translation ترجمه‌ی همزمان two different biographies of him were published simultaneously دو زندگینامه‌ی مختلف او همزمان منتشر شدند simultaneous translator Simultandolmetscher(in) m (f) simultaneous translation Simultandolmetschen nt simultan si·mul·tan Adj. si·mul·tan simultan nicht steig. gleichzeitig Das Interview wird simultan übersetzt. PONS Großwörterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache, © PONS GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany 2015. si•mul•tan Adj; nur attr oder adv, geschr 1. ≈ gleichzeitig: Der Schachweltmeister spielte simultan gegen mehrere Gegner || K-: Simultanschach, Simultanspiel 2. simultan übersetzen, dolmetschen übersetzen od. dolmetschen, während der Sprecher spricht (u. nicht auf Pausen warten) || K-: Simultandolmetscher, Simultanübersetzung

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withdrawal noun (TAKING OUT) C2 [ C or U ] when you take money out of a bank account: The bank became suspicious after several large withdrawals were made from his account in a single week. [ C or U ] the process or action of a military force moving out of an area: The commander-in-chief was given 36 hours to secure a withdrawal of his troops from the combat zone. withdrawal noun (NOT AVAILABLE) C2 [ U ] the act or process of taking something away so that it is no longer available, or of someone stopping being involved in an activity: Doctors demanded the withdrawal of the drug (from the market) after several cases of dangerous side-effects were reported. Her sudden withdrawal from the championship caused a lot of press speculation about her health. withdrawal noun (NO CONTACT) [ U ] behaviour in which someone prefers to be alone and does not want to talk to other people: Withdrawal is a classic symptom of depression. early withdrawal vorzeitige Abhebung withdrawal plan (for loan) Auszahl[ungs]plan m withdrawal date Abhebungsdatum nt withdrawal amount Abhebungsbetrag m partial withdrawal Teilrückzug m withdrawal from a contract Rücktritt m von einem Vertrag to make a withdrawal Geld abheben phased withdrawal of troops schrittweiser Truppenrückzug withdrawal of funds Entzug m von Geldern a strategic withdrawal ein strategischer Rückzug to suffer [from] withdrawal symptoms also übtr an Entzugserscheinungen leiden a. übtr withdrawal without penalty at seven days' notice bei Einhaltung der 7-tägigen Kündigungsfrist entstehen keine Gebühren her sudden withdrawal from the championship ... ihr plötzlicher Startverzicht bei den Meisterschaften ... to make a withdrawal from a bank Geld bei einer Bank abheben you must give seven days' notice of withdrawal Sie haben sieben Tage Kündigungsfrist

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suspense noun [ U ] UK /səˈspens/ US /səˈspens/ C2 the feeling of excitement or nervousness that you have when you are waiting for something to happen and are uncertain about what it is going to be: She kept him in suspense for several days before she said that she would marry him. The suspense is killing me (= I am extremely eager to know what is going to happen). There is a gradual build-up of suspense throughout the film, until it comes to an unexpected ending. suspense noun [ U ] US /səˈspens/ a feeling of excitement or anxiety while waiting for something uncertain to happen: The suspense of waiting for her answer nearly drove him crazy. suspension noun UK /səˈspen.ʃən/ US /səˈspen.ʃən/ suspension noun (STOP) [ U ] the act of stopping something happening, operating, etc. for a period of time: The suspension of fighting is to take effect at 6 a.m. on Monday. There have been calls for the drug's immediate suspension, following reports that it has dangerous side effects. [ C or U ] a punishment in which a person is temporarily not allowed to work, go to school, or take part in an activity: The union is protesting about the suspension of a restaurant worker. The player is likely to receive a three-game suspension following an incident in yesterday's game. ● بلاتکلیفی،پا در هوایی،نامعلومی،انتظار the outcome of that deed was still in suspense پیامد آن عمل هنوز نامعلوم بود. ● هیجان،شورمندی،انگیختگی،شورانگیزی the novel's ending is full of suspense پایان آن رمان بسیار شورانگیز است. ● دلهره،دلواپسی،نگرانی the suspense and terror caused by his illness دلهره و وحشتی که بیماری او به وجود آورد

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supreme adjective UK /suːˈpriːm/ US /suːˈpriːm/ C1 having the highest rank, level, or importance: the supreme commander of the armed forces the Supreme Court The country's present constitution gives supreme authority to the presidency. Beethoven reigns supreme among classical composers. supremely adverb [ not gradable ] US /səˈprim·li, su-/ He was supremely self-confident. supreme [suˈpriːm] ♦ adjective 1 the highest, greatest, or most powerful: the supreme ruler. بالاترين 2 the greatest possible: an act of supreme courage. بيشترين suˈpremely ♦ adverb . فوق العاده supremacy [suˈpreməsi] ♦ noun the state of being the greatest or most powerful: How did Rome maintain her supremacy over the rest of the world for so long? بلندي the Supreme Court ♦ noun the highest court of law in (a state of) the USA and many other countries. دادگاه درجه اعلا /-prēm´/ adj. ● عالی،زبرین،کل supreme commander of the allied forces فرمانده کل نیروهای متحدین ● سرپنجه،مهست،مهترین،والاترین،بالاترین،عالی‌ترین a supreme sacrifice بالاترین فداکاری ● نهایی،اشد،سخت ترین a supreme test of his courage آزمون نهایی شجاعت او ● محض،کامل،صرف a supreme fool احمق کامل ● تعالی،متعال Supreme Being خداوند تعالی supreme moment Höhepunkt m supreme authority höchste [Regierungs]gewalt turkey supreme ≈ Trutengeschnetzeltes nt CH (in Sahnesauce) supreme commander Oberbefehlshaber(in) m (f) supreme ruler oberster Herrscher/oberste Herrscherin Supreme Court [of Judicature] oberster Gerichtshof für England und Wales to show supreme courage größten Mut beweisen to reign supreme absolut herrschen Supreme Court justice Richter(in) m (f) am Obersten Bundesgericht the Supreme Soviet der Oberste Sowjet hist the sovereign [or supreme] pontiff der Oberhirte geh the supreme irony was that ... die größte Ironie bestand darin, dass ... to make the supreme sacrifice liter [sein Leben] opfern death is the supreme leveller im Tod sind [wir] alle gleich geh the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet hist das Präsidium des Obersten Sowjets

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unanimously adverb UK /juːˈnæn.ɪ.məs.li/ US /juːˈnæn.ə.məs.li/ C2 in a way that is agreed or supported by everyone in a group: All four proposals to the committee were unanimously approved. The Board voted unanimously to terminate his three-year contract. the resolution was passed unanimously die Resolution wurde einstimmig angenommen they balloted unanimously to accept the deal der Vorschlag wurde einstimmig angenommen his motion was carried unanimously/by 210 votes to 160 sein Antrag wurde einstimmig/mit 210 zu 160 Stimmen angenommen

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tariff noun [ C ] US /ˈtær·ɪf/ SOCIAL STUDIES a government charge on goods entering or leaving a country: import tariffs tariff noun [ C ] UK /ˈtærɪf/ US a tax on goods coming into or going out of a country: Prices and tariffs change all the time, so it's difficult to say what you will get for your money. a tariff on sth The tariff on optical cables is 8.4%. impose/set/reduce tariffs The US has imposed new tariffs on chocolate from Brazil. cut/eliminate/remove tariffs An agreement was reached to eliminate tariffs on information technology products. high/low/steep tariffs on sth High tariffs on furniture imports are still imposed by some developing countries to protect local carpenters. tariff barriers/protection/rates The protectionist wall of high tariff barriers and import restrictions is being breached. an increase/a reduction in tariffs agricultural/industrial tariffs customs/export/import tariffs tariff concessions/cuts/reductions tariff [ˈtӕrif] ♦ noun 1 a list of prices or charges eg in a hotel: A copy of the tariff is placed in each bedroom. فهرست قیمت ها 2 (a list of) taxes to be paid on imported or exported goods: the customs tariff. تعرفه گمرکی preferential tariff Präferenzzoll m retaliatory tariff Kampfzoll m differential tariff Staffeltarif m customs tariff law[s] Zolltarifgesetz nt customs tariff ruling Zollauskunft f tariff for rooms Zimmerpreis m flat price/tariff Einheitspreis/Einheitstarif m fachspr pay/price/tariff differential Lohn-/Preis-/Tarifgefälle nt

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lend [lend]– past tense, past participle lent [lent] – ♦ verb 1 to give (someone) the use of for a time: She had forgotten her umbrella so I lent her mine to go home with. قرض دادن 2 to give or add (a quality) to: Desperation lent him strength. بخشیدن lend itself to to be suitable for or adapt easily to: The play lends itself to performance by children. به درد کاری خوردن see also borrow • Lend a hand with these parcels, please. لطفا یک کمکی کن این بسته ها رو برداریم. • If you will lend me the money, I shall be much obliged to you. اگر به من پول قرض بدهی،من بیشتر نسبت به تو وفادار خواهم شد. /lend/ vi., vt. ● وام دادن،قرض دادن،عاریه دادن (در برابر: وام گرفتن یا قرض کردن borrow) I will borrow money from my father and lend some of it to my brother از پدرم پول قرض خواهم کرد و مقداری از آن را به برادرم قرض خواهم داد. the bank lends money to business people بانک به کاسب‌کاران وام می‌دهد. can you lend me some money until tomorrow? آیا می‌توانی تا فردا قدری پول به من قرض بدهی‌؟ ● (موقتا) دادن به،(مجازی) بخشیدن David lent me his bicycle for a day دیوید دوچرخه‌اش را برای یک روز به من داد. the neighbors lent us knives and forks همسایه‌ها کارد و چنگال به ما قرض دادند. the paintings in this room have been lent by private collectors نقاشی‌های این اتاق توسط صاحبان خصوصی آنها به طور موقت امانت داده شده است. light lends cheer to a room نور به اتاق حالت شادی می‌بخشد (اتاق را دلباز می‌کند). his presence lends more legitimacy to the meeting حضور او به جلسه قانونیت بیشتری می‌دهد. ● رباخواری کردن،قرض با بهره دادن * lend a hand (to) کمک کردن (به) * lend an ear (to) گوش دادن * lend itself (or oneself) to به درد خوردن،به‌کار آمدن،مناسب بودن برای

Answer 379

purchase verb [ T ] formal UK /ˈpɜː.tʃəs/ US /ˈpɝː.tʃəs/ B2 to buy something: Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance. Except under clearly defined circumstances, it is illegal in Britain for a company to purchase its own shares. She purchased her first house with the money. purchase [ˈpəːtʃəs] ♦ verb to buy: I purchased a new house. خریدن ♦ noun 1 anything that has been bought: She carried her purchases home in a bag. چیز خریداری شده 2 the act of buying: The purchase of a car should never be a hasty matter. خرید ˈpurchaser ♦ noun a buyer. خریدار /pu_r´chǝs/ vt. ● خریدن،ابتیاع کردن to purchase another shirt یک پیراهن دیگر خریدن ● (با زحمت یا فداکاری و غیره) به‌دست آوردن،کسب کردن to purchase one's life at the expense of one's honor با از دست دادن شرافت جان خود را خریدن a dearly purchased victory پیروزی که بسیار گران تمام شده است ● (حقوق) شرا،انتقال قانونی ملک که ناشی از ارث نباشد ● خرید،ابتیاع the purchase of a new home خرید یک خانه‌ی نو date of purchase تاریخ خرید to make a purchase خرید کردن ● جاپا،جادست،دستگیره،تکیه گاه we had difficulty getting any purchase on the steep rock در پیدا کردن جاپا بر آن صخره‌ی پر شیب دچار اشکال شدیم. ● چیز خریداری شده she showed us her new purchase with pride او خرید تازه‌ی خود را با سر بلندی به ما نشان داد. ● (نادر) درآمد،بازده ● (کشتیرانی) رجوع شود به: tackle compulsory purchase Brit JUR Enteignung f fachspr purchase receipt (from a cash machine) Kassenbon m accelerated purchase vorgezogener Kauf purchase price [Ein]kauf[s]preis m purchase invoice Eingangsrechnung f purchase account Einkaufskonto nt sale and purchase agreement Kaufvertrag m to purchase the anchor den Anker hieven [o. lichten] to make a purchase einen Kauf tätigen call purchase [or sale] Erwerb m einer Kaufoption authority to purchase WIRTSCH, JUR Ankaufsermächtigung f proof of purchase Kaufbeleg m purchase budget/discount Einkaufsbudget nt /Einkaufsrabatt m

Answer 380

quest [kwest] ♦ noun a search: the quest for gold; the quest for truth. جستجو /kwest/ n., vi., vt. ● جستجو،جست،پژوهش،دنبال روی،تجسس in quest of a definitive cure for cancer در جستجوی درمان قطعی سرطان the quest for gold cost him his life دنبال طلا گشتن به قیمت جانش تمام شد. we will continue our quest for a solution ما به پژوهش خود برای یافتن راه حل ادامه خواهیم داد. ● (به ویژه در مورد شوالیه‌ها و دلاوران قرون وسطی) سفر در جستجوی ماجرا،سفر اکتشافی Don Quixote's first quest اولین سفر اکتشافی دن کیشوت ● کسانی که در جستجو شرکت می‌کنند،جست انبازان ● (قدیمی) هیات تحقیق و بازجویی ● (به ویژه سگ شکاری) دنبال شکار رفتن the dogs started questing سگ‌ها شروع کردند به جستجوی شکار. ● جستجو کردن،استفسار کردن،پرس و جو کردن،پژوهیدن،پوییدن she was questing ceaselessly for information لاینقطع دنبال اطلاعات می‌گشت. * in quest of در جستجوی،درطلب،به دنبال،در پی in quest of sth auf der Suche nach etw Dat quest for truth Wahrheitssuche f a quest for a treasure eine Schatzsuche the quest for the Holy Grail die Suche nach dem Heiligen Gral to go in quest of sb/sth veraltet liter sich Akk auf die Suche nach jdm/etw begeben [o. CH machen] geh the attribution of this painting to Picasso has never been questioned dass man dieses Bild Picasso zuschreibt, ist nie in Zweifel gezogen worden

Answer 381

corollary noun [ C ] formal UK /kəˈrɒl.ər.i/ US /ˈkɔːr.ə.ler.i/ something that results from something else: Unfortunately, violence is the inevitable corollary of such a revolutionary change in society.

Answer 382

hypothesis noun [ C ] UK /haɪˈpɒθ.ə.sɪs/ US /haɪˈpɑː.θə.sɪs/ plural hypotheses UK/haɪˈpɒθ.ə.siːz/ US/haɪˈpɑː.θə.siːz/ C2 an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved: Several hypotheses for global warming have been suggested. hypothesis [haiˈpoθəsis]– plural hyˈpotheses [-siːz] – ♦ noun an unproved theory or point of view put forward, eg for the sake of argument. فرضيه hypothetical [haipəˈθetikəl] ♦ adjective imaginary; supposed. فرضی hypothetically [haipəˈθetikəli] ♦ adverb . /hī päth´ǝ sis, hi-/ n., pl. ● (ظن یا پندار یا گمان اثبات نشده که موقتا برای دستیابی به برخی دانستنی‌ها یا برای بررسی بیشتر بکار می‌رود) فرضیه،پی‌نهشت،برانگاشت،نهشته،گمانه،فرض to prove or disprove a hypothesis فرضیه‌ای را اثبات یا رد کردن a proven hypothesis becomes a theory and an established theory becomes a law فرضیه‌ی اثبات شده تبدیل می‌شود به نگره و نگره‌ی بسیار محقق تبدیل می‌شود به قانون. a working hypothesis فرضیه‌ای که موقتا برای راه انداختن کارها به درد می‌خورد 🤪 premise premise noun [ C ] UK /ˈprem.ɪs/ US /ˈprem.ɪs/ an idea or theory on which a statement or action is based: [ + that ] They had started with the premise that all men are created equal. The research project is based on the premise stated earlier. premise verb [ T ] formal UK /prɪˈmaɪz/ /ˈprem.ɪs/ US /prɪˈmaɪz/ /ˈprem.ɪs/ to base a theory, argument, etc. on an idea, thought, or belief: He premised his argument on several incorrect assumptions.

Answer 383

comrade noun [ C ] US /ˈkɑm·ræd/ a friend or trusted companion, esp. one with whom you have been involved in difficult or dangerous activities, or another soldier in a soldier’s group: After 20 years he reunited with comrades from his army unit. US UK AU comrade [ˈkomrid, (American) -rӕd] ♦ noun a close companion: his comrades in battle. یار؛ رفیق ˈcomradeship ♦ noun the comradeship of the office. دوستی؛ رفاقت comrade [ˈkomrid, (American) -rӕd] ♦ noun a close companion: his comrades in battle. یار؛ رفیق ˈcomradeship ♦ noun the comradeship of the office. دوستی؛ رفاقت camaraderie noun [ S or U ] UK /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dər.i/ US /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dɚ.i/ a feeling of friendliness towards people that you work or share an experience with: When you've been climbing alone for hours, there's a tremendous sense of camaraderie when you meet another climber.

Answer 384

rid adjective UK /rɪd/ US /rɪd/ be rid of something/someone to not now have an unwanted or unpleasant task, object, or person: I didn't enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to be rid of them. get rid of something B1 to remove or throw away something unwanted: That cream got rid of my skin rash. I used weedkiller to get rid of the weeds in the garden. B1 to sell an old or unwanted possession: Have you managed to get rid of your old Volvo yet? get rid of someone C1 to send away someone annoying or to persuade them to leave: We got rid of our unwelcome guests by saying we had to go to bed. rid [rid]– present participle ˈridding : past tense, past participle rid – ♦ verb (with of ); to free (someone etc ) from: We must try to rid the town of rats. خلاص کردن؛ رها کردن be rid of, *get rid of to have removed, to remove; to free oneself from: I thought I'd never get rid of these weeds; I'm rid of my debts at last. از شر چیزی خلاص شدن good riddance [ˈridəns] I am happy to have got rid of it, him etc : I've thrown out all those old books, and good riddance (to the lot of them)! خلاصی از شر چیزی Once a bad habit is formed, it is hard to get rid of it. زمانی که یک عادت شکل گرفت.خلاص شدن از آن سخت است • It's easy to make friends, but hard to get rid of them. دوست شدن آسان است، ولی از شر آنها خلاص شدن سخت است. lifehacks to get rid of ... ugs mit Trick 17 gegen ... ugs to get rid of sb jdn loswerden to get rid of one's accent seinen Akzent verlieren to get rid of sb/sth jdn/etw loswerden the cream got rid of my skin rash durch die Creme bin ich meinen Hautausschlag losgeworden the takeover was not about getting rid of competition die Übernahme sollte nicht die Konkurrenz ausschalten he rid himself of all worry during his weekend vacation bei seinem Wochenendurlaub ließ er [endlich einmal] all seine Sorgen hinter sich the horses swished their tails to get rid of the flies die Pferde schlugen mit ihrem Schweif, um die Fliegen loszuwerden

Answer 385

facsimile noun [ C ] UK /fækˈsɪm.əl.i/ US /fækˈsɪm.əl.i/ an exact copy, especially of a document: a facsimile of the original manuscript facsimile [fӕkˈsiməli] ♦ noun 1 an exact copy. کپی 2 a fax. دورنگار ♦ adjective a facsimile edition of an eighteenth-century book. رونوشت

Answer 386

vulnerable adjective UK /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/ /ˈvʌn.rə.bəl/ US /ˈvʌl.nɚ.ə.bəl/ C2 able to be easily physically or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked: I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on. It is on economic policy that the government is most vulnerable. Tourists are more vulnerable to attack, because they do not know which areas of the city to avoid. vulnerable [ˈvalnərəbl] ♦ adjective unprotected against attack; liable to be hurt or damaged: Small animals are often vulnerable to attack. آسیب پذیر ˌvulneraˈbility ♦ noun . آسیب پذیری /vul´nǝr ǝ bǝl/ adj. ● آسیب‌پذیر،زخم‌پذیر،صدمه‌پذیر a vulnerable garrison یک پادگان آسیب‌پذیر ● تک پذیر،حمله‌پذیر،انتقادپذیر a vulnerable statement یک اظهار انتقادپذیر ● حساس،بی vulnerable spot schwache Stelle to feel vulnerable sich Akk verwundbar fühlen to be in a vulnerable position in einer prekären Lage sein to be vulnerable to attack/criticism Angriffen/Kritik ausgesetzt sein small companies such as ours are very vulnerable in a recession Kleinunternehmen wie unseres sind äußerst rezessionsanfällig

Answer 387

bounce [bauns] ♦ verb 1 to (cause to) spring or jump back from a solid surface. جهیدن؛ ورجه وورجه کردن 2 (of a cheque) to be sent back unpaid, because of lack of money in a bank account. برگشت خوردن ♦ noun 1 (of a ball etc ) an act of springing back: With one bounce the ball went over the net. جهش 2 energy: She has a lot of bounce. انرژی ˈbouncing ♦ adjective strong and lively: a bouncing baby. پر جنب و جوش /bouns/ n., vt., vi. ● (مانند توپی که به زمین بخورد) جهیدن،ورجه‌ورجه کردن،ورجهیدن،جهاندن،سیستن،جهمند بودن the grenade bounced twice and exploded نارنجک دو بار جهش کرد و منفجر شد. he kept bouncing the ball off the floor مرتب توپ را به کف اتاق می‌زد. before serving the ball, she bounced it once پیش از زدن توپ یکبار آن را ورجهانید. ● جهش،ورجهش،ورجه‌ورجه،جهندگی،جهمندی the ball has lost its bounce گوی،جهندگی خود را از دست داده است. ● (خودمانی - معمول در قمار خانه یا میخانه) آدم مزاحم یا بد مست را بیرون انداختن،اخراج the drunken man was bounced out of the tavern مرد مست را از میخانه بیرون کردند. ● ورپریدن،ناگهان پریدن،برجستن to bounce out of bed از بستر ورجستن (با سرعت بلند شدن) he bounced up and cut off his two ears برجست و از او دو گوش ببرید ● (بانکداری) چک بی‌محل را برگرداندن،وازدن،واخواست شدن due to insufficient funds, my check bounced به خاطر نبودن وجه کافی در حساب چکم واخواست شد (برگشت خورد). ● (انگلیس) گستاخی،هارت و پورت ● (عامیانه) پویایی،انرژی،پرتکاپویی،انعطاف،سرسختی ● بالا و پایین پریدن the children were bouncing on the mattress بچه‌ها روی تشک ورجه وورجه می‌کردند. I was bouncing my grandson on my knee نوه‌ام را روی زانوی خود بالا و پایین می‌انداختم. * bounce back (عامیانه - انرژی یا جرات و غیره) دوباره به دست آوردن،به حال اول بازگشتن * the bounce (امریکا - خودمانی) اخراج،(به زور) بیرون انداخته شدن to bounce the ball den Ball aufspringen lassen to bounce a baby ein Baby schaukeln a bad bounce ungünstig abgeschlagener Ball to bounce into the room übtr ins Zimmer stürzen to give sb the bounce jdn hinauswerfen ugs to bounce a cheque [or Am check] einen Scheck platzenlassen to be beaten by the bounce nicht mehr an den Ball kommen to bounce off at an angle schräg abprallen to bounce the ball back [to sb] den Ball [zu jdm] zurückwerfen

Answer 388

muddle noun [ S or U ] UK /ˈmʌd.əl/ US /ˈmʌd.əl/ C2 an untidy or confused state: The documents were in a muddle. Whenever I go to Europe I get in a muddle about/over (= become confused about) how much things cost. AU muddle [ˈmadl] ♦ verb to confuse or mix up: Don't talk while I'm counting, or you'll muddle me. گيج کردن ♦ noun a state of confusion: These papers keep getting in a muddle. درهم وبرهم ˈmuddled ♦ adjective muddled thinking. درهم و برهم ˈmuddle-headed ♦ adjective incapable of clear thinking: Men think that all women are muddle-headed. کودن muddle along/through to progress in spite of one's unsatisfactory methods and foolish mistakes. اشتباه کردن muddle up to confuse (eg two different things): I'm always muddling the twins up; I've muddled up these book orders. گيج کردن /mud´'l/ vt., vi. ● درهم و برهمی،آشفتگی،نابسامانی،خرتوخری،بلبشویی،پریشانی the country's tax situation is a muddle وضع مالیاتی کشور در هم و برهم است. ● درهم و برهم کردن،به هم زدن،نابسامان کردن،آشفته کردن،شولیدن،پریشان کردن muddled thinking تفکر مبهم و آشفته ● (مثلا با نوشابه‌ی الکلی) گیج کردن،سردرگم کردن،مست کردن the drink muddled him and his voice became loud مشروب او را مست کرد و صدایش بلند شد. ● با گیجی عمل کردن (یا اندیشیدن) he muddled around the house for weeks او هفته‌ها در خانه دستخوش سردرگمی بود. ● گیجی،سردرگمی unless you overcome your present muddle, your job is at risk اگر بر سردرگمی فعلی خود فائق نشوی شغلت در خطر است. ● (در اصل) گل آلود کردن he muddled the brook with his splashing با جست و خیز خود،جوی را گل آلود کرد. * muddle through (انگلیس) با وجود اشتباه و شورتی گری انجام دادن یا موفق شدن،بالاخره کامیاب شدن they suffered a few disasters before muddling through to victory با چند فاجعه روبرو شدند ولی با این وجود به پیروزی دست یافتند. to get in a muddle durcheinandergeraten to get sth in[to] a muddle etw durcheinanderbringen

Answer 389

fungible adjective FINANCE & ECONOMICS specialized UK /ˈfʌn.dʒ.ə.bəl/ US /ˈfʌn.dʒ.ə.bəl/ easy to exchange or trade for something else of the same type and value: fungible goods/commodities fungible assets/bonds /fun´jǝ bǝl/ adj., n. ● (حقوق) قابل تبدیل به پول،تبدیل پذیر،معاوضه پذیر،پایاپا fungible goods such as petroleum or wheat are different from non-fungible goods such as rugs or paintings کالاهای قابل معاوضه مانند نفت و گندم با کالاهای غیر قابل معاوضه مانند فرش و نقاشی فرق دارند. ● کالای پایاپا،هر چیز معاوضه پذیر،کالای مثلی some tribes use fungibles instead of money برخی قبایل از کالاهای پایاپا به جای پول استفاده می‌کنند. fungible fungibel fungible vertretbar fungible nature Fungibilität f fungible nature Fungibilität f

Answer 390

facility noun UK /fəˈsɪl.ə.ti/ US /fəˈsɪl.ə.t̬i/ facility noun (BUILDING) B1 [ C ] a place, especially including buildings, where a particular activity happens: a nuclear research facility a military facility a new sports facility facilities B1 [ plural ] the buildings, equipment, and services provided for a particular purpose: shopping facilities facility noun (ABILITY) B2 [ C or U ] an ability to do something easily or well: His facility for languages is astonishing. [ C or U ] a feature of a product that allows you to do something: a computer with a speech recognition facility UK He asked the bank to increase his overdraft facility. facility [fəˈsiləti] ♦ noun 1 ease or quickness: She showed great facility in learning languages. سهولت 2 a skill: He has a great facility for always being right. مهارت ♦ noun plural faˈcilities the means to do something: There are facilities for cooking. وسایل؛ امکانات fǝ sil´ǝ tē/ n., pl. ● آسانی،سهولت،نادشواری Julie is learning Spanish with great facility جولی به آسانی اسپانیایی یاد می‌گیرد. ● مهارت،زبردستی،چیره دستی،سبکدستی،استادی،هنرمندی،تردستی the facility with which he plays the piano is astounding مهارت او در پیانو زدن شگفت‌انگیز است. ● توانایی،استعداد،قابلیت،آمایی،آمابود،ویرایی،فرزامی Mehri has a facility for languages مهری در (یادگیری) زبان استعداد دارد. ● (معمولا جمع) تسهیلات،آسان‌کردها،آسانگان،افزارگان،آسان ساز (ها)،وسایل،امکانات this hotel offers the latest facilities این هتل دارای آخرین تسهیلات می‌باشد. sports facilities افزارگان ورزشی a swimming pool is one of the facilities planned for this building استخر شنا یکی دیگر از تسهیلاتی است که در این ساختمان پیش‌بینی شده است. ● ساختمان،اتاق ویژه a new facility for outpatient treatment ساختمان تازه‌ای برای درمان بیماران سرپایی ● (نادر) خوش معاملگی،ملایمت،خوش برخوردی،سخت‌گیر نبودن research facility Forschungszentrum nt memory facility TEL Speicherfunktion f holiday facility Ferienanlage f overdraft facility Überziehungsrahmen m A refinancing facility Refinanzierungsfazilität f military facility militärische Anlage rediscount facility Rediskontfazilität f facility for languages Sprachbegabung f facility of style stilistische Gewandtheit facility [arrangement] fee Provision f für eine Kreditgarantie oder andere Fazilitäten research institute/facility Forschungsinstitut nt /Forschungsanstalt f to learn sth with great facility etw mit großer Leichtigkeit lernen a bank account with an overdraft facility ein Bankkonto [o. A -rahmen] mit Überziehungsmöglichkeit nt to have a facility for memorizing numbers ein gutes Zahlengedächtnis haben to sabotage a facility/a nuclear power station einen Sabotageakt [o. Anschlag] auf eine Einrichtung/ein Atomkraftwerk verüben

Answer 391

patsy noun [ C ] slang US /ˈpæt·si/ a person who is easily cheated or made to suffer: He claimed he was a patsy being framed by the police. listen, no one makes a patsy of me hör mal, ich lass mich doch nicht verarschen sl

Answer 392

comply verb [ I ] formal UK /kəmˈplaɪ/ US /kəmˈplaɪ/ C1 to act according to an order, set of rules, or request: He's been ordered to have the dog destroyed because it's dangerous, but he refuses to comply. There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. comply [kəmˈplai] ♦ verb to act in the way that someone else has commanded or wished: You must comply (with her wishes). پیروی کردن comˈpliance ♦ noun . اطاعت؛ پیروی comˈpliant ♦ adjective willing to comply. مطیع؛ فرمان بردار /kǝm plī´/ vt. ● پیروی کردن (از حکم یا قانون و غیره)،اطاعت کردن he complied with all of the regulations او از همه‌ی مقررات پیروی کرد. to comply with the regulations die Bestimmungen erfüllen to comply with the terms die Bedingungen erfüllen to comply with the law/the rules das Gesetz/die Regeln einhalten to refuse to comply with an order sich Akk weigern, einem Befehl Folge zu leisten there are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations bei Regelverstößen drohen strenge Strafen

Answer 393

livelihood [ˈlaivlihud] ♦ noun a means of living, especially of earning enough money to feed oneself etc . معاش livelihood noun [ C or U ] UK /ˈlaɪv.li.hʊd/ US /ˈlaɪv.li.hʊd/ (the way someone earns) the money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc.: Many ship workers could lose their livelihoods because of falling orders for new ships. That farm is his livelihood.

Answer 394

flourish verb US /ˈflɜr·ɪʃ, ˈflʌr-/ flourish verb (SUCCEED) [ I ] to grow or develop successfully: Parts of the city continue to flourish. This is the perfect environment for our company to flourish and expand in. flourish verb (WAVE) [ T ] to move something in your hand in order to make people look at it: She ran up to her father, flourishing her diploma. to be successful, for example, by making a lot of money or developing quickly: Thanks to a lot of effort and the support of local people, the business flourished. flourish [ˈflariʃ, (American) ˈflə:-] ♦ verb 1 to be healthy; to grow well; to thrive: My plants are flourishing. شکفتن؛ رشد کردن 2 to be successful or active: His business is flourishing. رونق گرفتن 3 to hold or wave something as a show, threat etc : He flourished his sword. در هوا تکان دادن ♦ noun 1 an ornamental stroke of the pen in writing: His writing was full of flourishes. ریزه کاری های خوشنویسی 2 an impressive, sweeping movement (with the hand or something held in it): He bowed and made a flourish with his hat. ژست نمایشی 3 an ornamental passage of music: There was a flourish on the trumpets. آهنگ پر آذین ˈflourishing ♦ adjective 1 successful: a flourishing business. رو به رونق 2 growing well: flourishing crops. شکوفا شده flu_r´ish/ vi., vt., n. ● (در اصل) شکوفه کردن،گل دادن ● شکوفا بودن یا شدن،رونق گرفتن،(کار و کاسبی) گرفتن،رو به رشد و توسعه‌ی سریع بودن،شکفیدن،شکفتن the two brothers' business flourished and they both became rich کاسبی آن دو برادر رونق گرفت و هردو پولدار شدند. the country's foreign trade was flourishing بازرگانی برون مرزی کشور شکوفا بود. under Shah Abbas, the arts flourished در زمان شاه عباس هنر شکوفا شد. ● (فعالیت یا پیشرفت و غیره) به اوج رسیدن،در عنفوان بودن the baroque style flourished in the seventeenth century سبک باروک در سده‌ی هفدهم به اوج خود رسید. ● (دستان خود یا شمشیر یا پرچم و غیره را) در هوا تکان دادن،به اهتزاز درآوردن،پس و پیش بردن،اهتزاز،تکان (در هوا) the victorious soldiers flourished their swords over their heads سربازان پیروزمند شمشیرهای خود را بالای سرشان تکان دادند. she ran out of the room flourishing a letter در حالی که نامه‌ای را در دست تکان می‌داد از اتاق بیرون دوید. ● (نادر) با سبکی پرآذین نوشتن،تصنعات هنری بیش از حد به کار بردن ● (نادر) شیپورها را به صدا درآوردن ● (نادر) رونق،موفقیت،گرمی کار و کاسبی ● (حرکت بدن) خودنمایانه،با ژست مخصوص،به طور نمایشی،پیچ و تاب he pulled the knife out of his pocket with a flourish با ژست چاقو را از جیبش درآورد. ● (در نوشتن و دستخط) تزئینات و قوس‌های خوشنویسی،ریزه‌کاری‌های خوشنویسی his signature is full of flourishes امضای او پراز خط و قوس است. ● (موسیقی) فان‌فار،آهنگ پرآذین ● (مهجور) شکوفیدن،گل‌کردن

Answer 395

encyclop(a)edia [insaikləˈpiːdiə] ♦ noun a reference work containing information on every branch of knowledge, or on one particular branch: an encyclopaedia of jazz; If you do not know the capital city of Hungary, look it up in an encyclopaedia. دایره المعارف؛ دانشنامه enˌcycloˈp(a)edic ♦ adjective . دایره المعارفی encyclopedia noun [ C ] (UK also encyclopaedia) UK /ɪnˌsaɪ.kləˈpiː.di.ə/ US /ɪnˌsaɪ.kləˈpiː.di.ə/ a book or set of books containing many articles arranged in alphabetical order that deal either with the whole of human knowledge or with a particular part of it, or a similar set of articles on the internet: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language The library was full of dictionaries, encyclopaedias, poetry, and plays.

Answer 396

to reciprocate help/a favour sich Akk für die Hilfe/einen Gefallen revanchieren to reciprocate love/trust Liebe/Vertrauen erwidern [o. zurückgeben] reciprocation noun [ U ] formal UK /rɪˌsɪp.rəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ US /rɪˌsɪp.rəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ the fact of feeling or behaving towards someone else in the same way as they feel or behave towards you: Our relationship is based upon reciprocation. He didn't expect any reciprocation of affection. "There has always been a reciprocation between audiences and dancers," she said. She had liked him for a while, but had never considered any possibility of reciprocation. "We gave so much for you, where's the reciprocation?" he shouted. reciprocate verb UK /rɪˈsɪp.rə.keɪt/ US /rɪˈsɪp.rə.keɪt/ [ I or T ] formal to share the same feelings as someone else, or to behave in the same way as someone else: Sadly, my feelings for him were not reciprocated. We invited them to dinner and a week later they reciprocated. reciprocate with sich Akk revanchieren mit +Dat

Answer 397

consistency noun (BEING THE SAME) [ U ] the quality of always behaving or performing in a similar way, or of always happening in a similar way: They've won a few games this season but they lack consistency. It's important to show some consistency in your work. consistency noun (THICKNESS) [ C/U ] the quality expressing how thick or firm a mixture is, esp. a liquid: [ C ] It had a consistency like that of thick glue. consistency noun (NO VARIETY) [ U ] the state or condition of always happening or behaving in the same way: The team’s success will depend on the consistency of its pitching. sth lacks consistency etw Dat mangelt es an Konsistenz geh melt the chocolate to a pouring consistency die Schokolade zum Schmelzen bringen, bis sie flüssig wird

Answer 398

scarcity noun [ U ] UK /ˈskeə.sə.ti/ US /ˈsker.sə.t̬i/ C2 a situation in which something is not easy to find or get: the scarcity of skilled workers a lack of something: [ C ] A scarcity of flour makes bread, cake, and other baked goods more expensive.

Answer 399

exasperate verb [ T ] UK /ɪɡˈzɑː.spə.reɪt/ US /ɪɡˈzæs.pə.reɪt/ to make someone very annoyed, usually when they can do nothing to solve a problem His assistant’s carelessness is exasperating him. US UK AU exasperate [igˈzaːspəreit] ♦ verb to irritate (someone) very much indeed: He was exasperated by the continual interruptions. آزار دادن؛ خشمگین کردن exˌaspeˈration ♦ noun She hit the child in exasperation. خشم؛ عصبانیت

Answer 400

to gain traction: to become popular traction noun [ U ] UK /ˈtræk.ʃən/ US /ˈtræk.ʃən/ traction noun [U] (WHEEL/TYRE) the ability of a wheel or tyre to hold the ground without sliding: In deep snow, people should use snow tyres on their vehicles to give them better traction. electric traction Elektroantrieb m to lose traction Bodenhaftung f verlieren to be in [or on] traction im Streckverband liegen trak´shǝn/ n. ● (بار یا وسیله‌ی نقلیه و غیره) کشیدن،یدک‌کشی،حمل (از طریق کشیدن با طناب و غیره) ● کشش (در مقابل: رانش pulsion) ● نیروی کششی electric traction کشش به وسیله‌ی برق،نیروی کششی برقی ● (تایر اتومبیل و چرخ) اصطکاک،اصطکاک چرخ،سطح اصطکاک،چکمان گیری snow tires give the wheels better traction تایر یخ شکن اصطکاک بهتری به چرخ‌ها می‌دهد. ● (جا انداختن استخوان و غیره) ماهیچه کشی،کشیدن عضله

Answer 401

facial adjective UK /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/ US /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/ C2 of or on the face: facial hair facial cleansers and moisturizers facial expressions /fā´shǝl/ adj., n. ● وابسته به صورت،سیمایی،رخساری،چهری،چهره‌ای،رخی the twins had exactly the same facial features اسباب صورت دوقلوها کاملا یک‌جور بود. ● ماساژ صورت (و مالیدن کرم و غیره) facial cleanser Reinigungscreme [o. -milch] für das Gesicht f facial recognition Gesichtserkennung f facial oil Gesichtsöl nt facial injury Verletzung f im Gesicht facial expression Gesichtsausdruck m facial hair Barthaare pl facial contortions Grimassen pl to get a facial sich Dat einer Gesichtsbehandlung unterziehen irreversible facial injury MED irreversible Gesichtsverletzung rapturous facial expression hingerissener Gesichtsausdruck to have finely chiselled [facial] features ein fein geschnittenes Gesicht [o. Profil] haben to have a [nervous [or facial]] twitch nervöse Zuckungen haben to bear a strong facial resemblance to sb jdm wie aus dem Gesicht geschnitten sein she has something of her mother's facial features sie hat etwas von den Gesichtszügen ihrer Mutter

Answer 402

skull [skal] ♦ noun the bony case that encloses the brain: He's fractured his skull. جمجمه /skul/ n., vt. ● جمجمه،استخوان سر (شامل کاسه‌ی سرو فک‌ها و استخوان آهیانه)،کاچک ● (معمولا با تداعی منفی یا مزاح آمیز) کله،سر،مخ a thick skull کله خر an empty skull کله پوک،بی‌مخ ● (بر سر کسی) کوفتن،تو سری زدن * out of one's skull (خودمانی) احمق،بی شعور،بی مغز،بی کله skull noun [ C ] UK /skʌl/ US /skʌl/ C2 the bones of the head that surround the brain and give the head its shape: The soldiers discovered a pile of human skulls and bones.

Answer 403

inferior adjective UK /ɪnˈfɪə.ri.ər/ US /ɪnˈfɪr.i.ɚ/ C1 not good, or not as good as someone or something else: These products are inferior to those we bought last year. She cited cases in which women had received inferior healthcare. It was clear the group were regarded as intellectually/morally/socially inferior. US UK AU inferior [inˈfiəriə] ♦ adjective (sometimes with to ) 1 of poor, or poorer, quality etc : This carpet is inferior to that. نامرغوب؛ بنجل 2 lower in rank: Is a colonel inferior to a brigadier? زیردست inˌferiˈority [-ˈo-] ♦ noun . پستی؛ دون پایگی inferior court JUR untergeordnetes Gericht socially inferior sozial niedrig gestellt inferior letters/numbers tief stehende Buchstaben/Ziffern [o. Indizes pl fachspr ] intellectually/morally inferior geistig/moralisch unterlegen to feel inferior to sb sich Akk jdm [gegenüber] unterlegen fühlen

Answer 404

corpse [koːps] ♦ noun a dead body, especially of a human being: Don't move the corpse before you send for the police. جنازه /kôrps/ n. ● لاش،جسد،نعش،مردار،جنازه they wrapped the sailor's corpse in a flag and threw it into the sea جسد ملوان را در پرچم پیچیدند و به دریا افکندند. ● (مهجور) تن،بدن،پیکر،جثه ● (هر چیزی که دیگر به درد نخور باشد) لاشه

Answer 405

mutilate verb [ T ] UK /ˈmjuː.tɪ.leɪt/ US /ˈmjuː.t̬əl.eɪt/ to damage something severely, especially by violently removing a part: Her body had been mutilated beyond recognition. Self-hatred apparently drove her to mutilate her own face. to mutilate sb jdn verstümmeln to mutilate sth etw verstümmeln to mutilate sth übtr etw verschandeln

Answer 406

[enˈlītnmənt] noun - enlightenment روشن فکری: enlightenment enlightenment noun [ U ] UK /ɪnˈlaɪ.tən.mənt/ US /ɪnˈlaɪ.t̬ən.mənt/ the state of understanding something: Can you give me any enlightenment on what happened? enlightenment is man's emergence from ... (Immanuel Kant) PHILOS Aufklärung is der Ausgang des Menschen aus ...

Answer 407

debunk : proven false to show that something is less important, less good, or less true than it has been made to appear: The writer's aim was to debunk the myth that had grown up around the actress. [diˈbəNGk] verb - debunk کم ارزش کردن: debunk, belittle, abase, downgrade کسی را اگاه و هدایت کردن: debunk he spent his life debunking communism او عمر خود را صرف پرده‌برداری عیوب کمونیسم کرد. debunk verb [ T ] informal UK /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/ US /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/ to show that something is less important, less good, or less true than it has been made to appear: The writer's aim was to debunk the myth that had grown up around the actress.

Answer 408

indentation noun UK /ˌɪn.denˈteɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌɪn.denˈteɪ.ʃən/ indentation noun (HOLE) [ C ] a hole or mark on the surface of something: The heels of her shoes had left indentations in the mud. indentation noun [ C ] US /ˌɪnˌdenˈteɪ·ʃən/ a part of a surface that curves inward: If a surgeon takes out too much fat, he may leave indentations in the skin. indentation (depression) Vertiefung f indentation in cheek, head Kerbe f indentation in car, metal Beule f indentation in rock, coastline Einbuchtung f indentation (cut) [Ein]schnitt m

Answer 409

atavistic / primitive atavistic adjective formal UK /ˌæt.əˈvɪs.tɪk/ US /ˌæt̬.əˈvɪs.tɪk/ happening because of a very old habit from a long time ago in human history, not because of a conscious decision or because it is necessary now: an atavistic fear of the dark ger: atavistisch Adjektiv Positiv Komparativ Superlativ atavistisch atavistischer am atavistischsten Alle weiteren Formen: Flexion:atavistisch Worttrennung: ata·vis·tisch, Komparativ: ata·vis·ti·scher, Superlativ: am ata·vis·tischs·ten Aussprache: IPA: [ataˈvɪstɪʃ], Komparativ: [ataˈvɪstɪʃɐ], Superlativ: [ataˈvɪstɪʃstn̩] Hörbeispiele: —, Komparativ: —, Superlativ: — Reime: -ɪstɪʃ Bedeutungen: [1] uralt und überholt Herkunft: Ableitung zu Atavismus mit dem Derivatem -isch Beispiele: [1] „Die Fremdenfeindlichkeit ging so bald einher mit der atavistischen Neigung, den Boten für die überbrachte Nachricht verantwortlich zu machen.“[1]

Answer 410

innate adjective UK /ɪˈneɪt/ US /ɪˈneɪt/ C2 An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned: Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness. /in´nāt´, in´āt´; in nāt´, i nāt´/ adj. ● مادرزاد(ی)،درون زاد،ذاتی،فطری،غیر اکتسابی،جبلی،سرشتی an innate talent for painting استعداد ذاتی برای نقاشی ● درونی،اصلی و ریشه‌دار،نهادی the innate defect in this plan نقص بنیادین این طرح ● (گیاه شناسی - قرار گرفته بر سر پایه: مانند بساک) سرپایی adjective - innate ذاتی: inherent, intrinsic, essential, innate, natural, substantial درونی: internal, inner, innermost, inward, interior, innate فطری: innate, natural, indigenous, inborn, inartificial, inbred غریزی: instinctive, innate, inbred, natural طبیعی: natural, normal, physical, indigenous, inherent, innate جبلی: innate, inbred, essential, inborn, natural, inwrought مادرزاد: innate لاینفک: inseparable, essential, innate درون زاد: endogenous, inborn, innate اصلی: main, original, principal, basic, primary, innate داخلی: internal, interior, inner, indoor, inward, innate چسبنده: sticky, adhesive, gummy, gooey, viscid, innate

Answer 411

scrawl verb [ T ] UK /skrɔːl/ US /skrɑːl/ to write something quickly, without trying to make your writing tidy or easy to read: I scrawled a quick note to Judith and put it under her door. Someone had scrawled graffiti across the wall. scrawl [skroːl] ♦ verb to write untidily or hastily: I scrawled a hasty note to her. ناخوانا نوشتن ♦ noun untidy or bad handwriting: I hope you can read this scrawl. نوشته ناخوانا to scrawl one's signature seine Unterschrift [hin]kritzeln [o. ugs hinschmieren] to scrawl a note to sb jdm eine Nachricht hinkritzeln

Answer 412

scrawl verb [ T ] UK /skrɔːl/ US /skrɑːl/ to write something quickly, without trying to make your writing tidy or easy to read: I scrawled a quick note to Judith and put it under her door. Someone had scrawled graffiti across the wall. scrawl [skroːl] ♦ verb to write untidily or hastily: I scrawled a hasty note to her. ناخوانا نوشتن ♦ noun untidy or bad handwriting: I hope you can read this scrawl. نوشته ناخوانا to scrawl one's signature seine Unterschrift [hin]kritzeln [o. ugs hinschmieren] to scrawl a note to sb jdm eine Nachricht hinkritzeln

Answer 413

ethology ethology noun [ U ] UK/iːˈθɒl.ə.dʒi/ US /iːˈθɑː.lə.dʒi/ the scientific study of the behaviour of animals in their natural environment: The documentary was about ethology, the study of animal behaviour, and about Konrad Lorenz, one of the field's founders. The discovery and translation of the bee's "dance" is one of the great achievements of modern ethology.

Answer 414

trigger verb [ T ] UK /ˈtrɪɡ.ər/ US /ˈtrɪɡ.ɚ/ C1 to cause something to start: Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches. Ultraviolet-B radiation triggers the skin to produce vitamin D. The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests. informal to cause a strong emotional reaction of fear, shock, anger, or worry in someone, especially because they are made to remember something bad that has happened in the past: Seeing him come towards me just triggered me and I screamed. He could be triggered by a loud noise. trigger [ˈtrigə] ♦ noun 1 a small lever on a gun, which is pulled to make the gun fire: He aimed the rifle at her but did not pull the trigger. ماشه 2 anything which starts a series of actions or reactions. علت؛ سبب ♦ verb (often with off ) to start (a series of events): The attack triggered (off) a full-scale war. راه انداختن؛ موجب شدن /trig´ǝr/ n., vt. ● (سلاح آتشین) ماشه he put his finger on the trigger and got ready to fire انگشت خود را روی ماشه گذاشت و آماده‌ی تیراندازی شد. to pull the trigger ماشه را کشیدن ● (فنر و غیره) ضامن،گیره،رها ساز ● (عمل یا حرف و غیره) واکنش‌انگیز،علت،موجب،سبب،انگیزان،شوند،انگیزه to use an A-bomb as trigger for an H-bomb یک بمب اتمی را به عنوان واکنش‌انگیز بمب هیدروژنی به کار بردن the smell of food can be a trigger for salivation بوی خوراک می‌تواند موجب ترشح آب دهان بشود. ● ماشه را کشیدن،گیره را رها کردن ● انگیزاندن،راه انداختن،موجب شدن،سبب شدن his speech triggered the riot سخنرانی او موجب شورش شد. to trigger an atomic reaction واکنش اتمی را انگیزاندن * quick on the trigger (عامیانه) 1- تند دست در تیر اندازی 2- هشیار،فرز،تند کار،زرنگ،زبل * trigger mechanism کوشبار کار انداز،مکانیزم انگیزان،اسباب به کار اندازی to pull the trigger abdrücken to trigger an alarm einen Alarm auslösen to trigger a riot Unruhen auslösen to squeeze the trigger auf den Abzug drücken to trigger protests zu Protesten führen to be quick on the trigger ugs fix sein ugs to have a hair-trigger temper reizbar sein to trigger [or spark] [or cause] a sell-off of shares den Verkauf von Aktien verursachen [o. auslösen]

Answer 415

reliance noun [ U ] UK /rɪˈlaɪ.əns/ US /rɪˈlaɪ.əns/ C2 the state of depending on or trusting in something or someone: The region's reliance on tourism is unwise. You place too much reliance on her ideas and expertise. to place reliance on sth sich Akk auf etw Akk verlassen to build sb's self-reliance jds Selbstvertrauen stärken sb cannot avoid reliance on sth jd ist auf etw Akk angewiesen the region's reliance on tourism is unwise es ist unklug, dass die Region sich nur auf den Tourismus verlässt to place reliance on sb/sth Vertrauen in jdn/etw setzen

Answer 416

squawk noun [ C ] UK /skwɔːk/ US /skwɑːk/ an unpleasantly loud, sharp noise made by a bird: The owl flew off with a squawk. I peered up through the leaves but a piercing squawk warned me away. a loud and unpleasant shout, scream, cry, etc.: He emitted strange and inappropriate high-pitched squawks of laughter throughout the performance. informal disapproving a noisy complaint about something: We may expect the usual squawks about how we're selling our national treasures to foreigners. squawk [skwoːk] ♦ noun a loud harsh cry made eg by an excited or angry bird: The hen gave a squawk when she saw the fox. جيغ كشيدن ♦ verb to make a sound of this sort. جيغ squawk of outrage Gezeter nt abw squawk of protest Protestgeschrei nt ugs 🤣ger: krei•schen; kreischte, hat gekreischt; [Vt/i] 1. (etwas) kreischen (etwas) mit lauter und hoher Stimme schreien : „Achtung!“, kreischte sie || NB: Das Objekt ist immer ein Satz; [Vi] 2. ein hohes, schrilles Geräusch von sich geben Als der Zug bremsen musste, kreischten die Räder.

Answer 417

vicious adjective UK /ˈvɪʃ.əs/ US /ˈvɪʃ.əs/ C2 Vicious people or actions show an intention or wish to hurt someone or something very badly: a vicious thug a vicious dog The police said that this was one of the most vicious attacks they'd ever seen. He gave her a vicious look. C2 used to describe an object, condition, or remark that causes great physical or emotional pain: a large collection of vicious medieval torture instruments a vicious lie/accusation/rumour I have a vicious headache. AU vicious [ˈviʃəs] ♦ adjective evil; cruel; likely to attack or cause harm: Keep back from that dog – it's vicious. بدجنس؛ بی رحم ˈviciously ♦ adverb . بدجنسانه ˈviciousness ♦ noun . بدجنسی؛ شرارت /vish´ǝs/ adj. ● خبیث،بدجنس،بدنهاد،شرور،بی‌رحم a vicious stepmother نامادری بدجنس ● شریرانه،شرارت‌آمیز،بدجنسانه،خباثت‌آمیز،بدخواهانه a vicious rumor یک شایعه‌ی بدخواهانه Stalin's vicious policies سیاست‌های شریرانه‌ی استالین ● بد،بدخیم،خطرناک a vicious tumor یک غده‌ی بدخیم ● ناقص،معیوب،ناپسند a vicious line of reasoning طرز استدلال ناپسند ● شدید،ستهم،سخت،جانانه،جانفرسا a vicious rainstorm توفان و باران شدید a vicious blow to the head یک ضربه‌ی جانانه به سر vicious wind heftiger Wind vicious look böser Blick vicious gossip gehässiges Gerede abw vicious attack heimtückischer Überfall vicious dog bissiger Hund vicious fighting brutaler Kampf a vicious circle ein Teufelskreis m vicious crime/murder grauenhaftes Verbrechen/grauenhafter Mord to be trapped in a vicious cycle in einem Teufelskreis gefangen sein keep back from that vicious dog, children bleibt von diesem bösartigen Hund weg, Kinder to be trapped in a vicious circle in einem Teufelskreis gefangen sein to be [or get] caught in a vicious cycle in einen Teufelskreis geraten I had a vicious headache all day yesterday ich hatte gestern den ganzen Tag über brutale Kopfschmerzen ugs to be [or get] caught in a vicious circle in einen Teufelskreis geraten the whole story was a vicious libel on my character die ganze Geschichte war eine gemeine Verleumdung gegen mich we had a vicious bout of gastro-enteritis in the family meine ganze Familie lag mit einer fiesen Magen-Darm-Grippe danieder

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courtship noun [ C or U ] old-fashioned or formal UK /ˈkɔːt.ʃɪp/ US /ˈkɔːrt.ʃɪp/ the time when people have a romantic relationship with the intention of getting married: They had a passionate courtship and a long, loving marriage. if we ever got along, it was during our courtship falls wir je miteinander ausgekommen sind, dann in der Verlobungszeit

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cue1 [kjuː] ♦ noun the last words of another actor's speech etc , serving as a sign to an actor to speak etc : Your cue is `– whatever the vicar says!' اشاره؛ سر نخ cue noun [C] (SIGNAL) a word or action in a play or film that is used as a signal by a performer to begin saying or doing something a signal for someone to do something: [ + to infinitive ] They started washing up, so that was our cue to leave the party. on cue If something happens on cue, it happens just after someone has said or thought it would happen: I was just wondering where Sarah was, when, right on cue, she came in. See more take your cue from someone to take notice of someone's words or behaviour so that you know what you should do: to miss one's cue sein Stichwort verpassen [right] on cue wie gerufen to cue in sb [or to cue sb in] jdm das Stichwort geben to throw sb a cue jdm ein Stichwort geben to take one's cue from sb (follow sb's advice) jds Zeichen Folge leisten to take one's cue from sth sich Akk von etw Dat inspirieren lassen

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dupe verb [ T ] UK /dʒuːp/ US /duːp/ to deceive someone, usually by making that person do something that they did not intend to do: The girls were duped by drug smugglers into carrying heroin for them. dupe [djuːp] ♦ noun a person who is cheated or deceived: She had been the dupe of a dishonest rogue. آدم فریب خورده ♦ verb to deceive or trick: He duped me into thinking he had gone home. فریب دادن

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lore noun [ U ] UK /lɔːr/ US /lɔːr/ traditional knowledge and stories about a subject: According to local lore, the water has healing properties. He published several books on Indian lore and hunting. lore [loː] ♦ noun knowledge handed down on a subject: the lore of the sea. فرهنگ نژادی common lore [alte] Volksweisheit f gypsy lore often abw Zigeunerweisheit f oft abw

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cunning adjective UK /ˈkʌn.ɪŋ/ US /ˈkʌn.ɪŋ/ cunning adjective (CLEVER) C2 Cunning people are clever at planning something so that they get what they want, especially by tricking other people, or things that are cleverly made for a particular purpose: a cunning plan/ploy He's a very cunning man. cunning noun [ U ] UK /ˈkʌn.ɪŋ/ US /ˈkʌn.ɪŋ/ the quality or skill of being clever at planning something so you get what you want, especially by tricking other people: We need to show some cunning if we want to defeat the enemy. cunning [ˈkaniŋ] ♦ adjective 1 sly; clever in a deceitful way: cunning tricks. فریبکار؛ مکار 2 clever: a cunning device. زرنگ؛ زیرک ♦ noun slyness or deceitful cleverness: full of cunning. مکر؛ فریبکاری ˈcunningly ♦ adverb cunningly disguised. مکارانه /kun´iŋ/ adj., n. ● مکار،محیل،گربز،جربز،طرار،فریبکار،دغل،نیرنگ باز a cunning old man پیرمرد حیله‌گر ● مکر،حیله،گربزی،فریبکاری،دغلی،نیرنگ‌بازی he achieved his aim by lying and cunning او با دروغگویی و نیرنگ بازی به هدف خود رسید. ● ماهرانه،تردستانه،چیره دستانه،با زرنگی،زبردستانه،هنرمندانه in his films he makes cunning use of colors and sounds او در فیلم‌های خود رنگ و صدا را هنرمندانه به کار می‌گیرد. ● (نادر) زرنگ،ماهر،چیره‌دست ● (نادر) زرنگی،مهارت،چیره‌دستی ● (امریکا - عامیانه) ملیح،تو دل برو،جذاب a cunning little baby بچه‌ی ریزه میزه و جذاب she is diabolically cunning sie ist eine ganz Ausgebuffte sl to develop cunning defences raffinierte Schutzmechanismen entwickeln a cunning plan ein gerissener Plan a cunning look ein listiger Blick as cunning as a fox schlau wie ein Fuchs devilishly clever [or cunning]/handsome/hot verdammt schlau/gut aussehend/heiß to show a bit of cunning sich Akk klug anstellen to be as cunning as a fox ein schlauer Fuchs sein it was cunning of the managing director to ... es war ziemlich clever von dem Geschäftsführer, ...

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cunning noun [ U ] UK /ˈkʌn.ɪŋ/ US /ˈkʌn.ɪŋ/ the quality or skill of being clever at planning something so you get what you want, especially by tricking other people: We need to show some cunning if we want to defeat the enemy. cunning [ˈkaniŋ] ♦ adjective 1 sly; clever in a deceitful way: cunning tricks. فریبکار؛ مکار 2 clever: a cunning device. زرنگ؛ زیرک ♦ noun slyness or deceitful cleverness: full of cunning. مکر؛ فریبکاری ˈcunningly ♦ adverb cunningly disguised. مکارانه /kun´iŋ/ adj., n. ● مکار،محیل،گربز،جربز،طرار،فریبکار،دغل،نیرنگ باز a cunning old man پیرمرد حیله‌گر ● مکر،حیله،گربزی،فریبکاری،دغلی،نیرنگ‌بازی he achieved his aim by lying and cunning او با دروغگویی و نیرنگ بازی به هدف خود رسید. ● ماهرانه،تردستانه،چیره دستانه،با زرنگی،زبردستانه،هنرمندانه in his films he makes cunning use of colors and sounds او در فیلم‌های خود رنگ و صدا را هنرمندانه به کار می‌گیرد. ● (نادر) زرنگ،ماهر،چیره‌دست ● (نادر) زرنگی،مهارت،چیره‌دستی ● (امریکا - عامیانه) ملیح،تو دل برو،جذاب a cunning little baby بچه‌ی ریزه میزه و جذاب she is diabolically cunning sie ist eine ganz Ausgebuffte sl to develop cunning defences raffinierte Schutzmechanismen entwickeln a cunning plan ein gerissener Plan a cunning look ein listiger Blick as cunning as a fox schlau wie ein Fuchs devilishly clever [or cunning]/handsome/hot verdammt schlau/gut aussehend/heiß to show a bit of cunning sich Akk klug anstellen to be as cunning as a fox ein schlauer Fuchs sein it was cunning of the managing director to ... es war ziemlich clever von dem Geschäftsführer, ...

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devious adjective UK /ˈdiː.vi.əs/ US /ˈdiː.vi.əs/ devious adjective (DISHONEST) Devious people or plans and methods are dishonest, often in a complicated way, but often also clever and successful: You have to be devious if you're going to succeed in business. a devious scheme using indirect ways to get what you want, esp. without showing your real purpose: devious methods Devious also means indirect: They went by a devious route. US UK AU devious [ˈdiːviəs] ♦ adjective not direct; not straightforward: We climbed the hill by a devious route; He used devious methods to get what he wanted. راه پر پیچ و خم؛ غیر مستقیم؛ کجراه ˈdeviously ♦ adverb . با حیله گری ˈdeviousness ♦ noun . حقه بازی /dē´vē ǝs/ adj. ● نادرست،دغل،ناراست خوی،مزور،حیله‌گر،ترفندباز he got rich by devious means او با نادرستی ثروتمند شد. deviousness cannot be concealed for too long حقه‌بازی را نمی‌شود برای مدت طولانی پنهان نگه داشت. ● منحرف،کجراه،کژرو،گمراه devious winds بادهای منحرف (هریک از طرفی می‌وزد) ● غیرمستقیم،پرپیچ و خم،دور و دراز a devious path along the river راه پریپچ و خمی در راستای رودخانه a devious coast ساحل ناراست (پرپیچ و خم) ● مزورانه،نادرستانه،ترفندآمیز his devious arguments in opposition to peace استدلال‌های دغلبازانه‌ی او در مخالفت با صلح to take a devious route einen Umweg fahren her saintly manner concealed a devious mind hinter ihrer Frömmlerei verbarg sich ein hinterhältiges Wesen

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deceive verb [ T ] UK /dɪˈsiːv/ US /dɪˈsiːv/ B2 to persuade someone that something false is the truth, or to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage: The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones. The sound of the door closing deceived me into thinking they had gone out. deceive [diˈsiːv] ♦ verb to mislead or cause to make mistakes, usually by giving or suggesting false information: He was deceived by her innocent appearance. فریب دادن؛ گول زدن deceive is spelt with -ei- . /dē sēv´, di-/ vt., vi. ● فریب دادن،فریفتن،گول زدن،نیرنگ به کار بردن،تقلب کردن،آورندیدن،کنوریدن he even deceived his own mother او حتی مادر خود را هم گول می‌زد. he was deceived into buying stolen goods با فریب به او مال دزدی فروختند. to deceive sb jdn betrügen [o. täuschen] the sound of the door closing deceived me into thinking they had gone out das Geräusch der zufallenden Tür ließ mich fälschlich annehmen, sie seien ausgegangen for a moment she thought her eyes were deceiving her einen Augenblick lang traute sie ihren [eigenen] Augen nicht to deceive oneself sich Akk [selbst] täuschen to deceive oneself sich Dat etwas vormachen ugs to be deceived by sth von etw Dat getäuscht werden to be deceived by sth sich Akk von etw Dat täuschen lassen

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court [koːt] ♦ noun 1 a place where legal cases are heard: a magistrates' court; the High Court. دادگاه 2 the judges and officials of a legal court: The accused is to appear before the court on Friday. قاضی و هیئت منصفه 3 a marked-out space for certain games: a tennis-court; a squash court. زمین بازی 4 the officials, councillors etc of a king or queen: the court of King James. درباریان 5 the palace of a king or queen: Hampton Court. دربار 6 an open space surrounded by houses or by the parts of one house. حیاط؛ محوطۀ میان چند ساختمان ♦ verb 1 to try to win the love of; to woo. عشق بازی کردن؛ اظهار عشق کردن 2 to try to gain (admiration etc ). دنبال چیزی رفتن 3 to seem to be deliberately risking (disaster etc ). مخاطره آمیز بودن ˈcourtier [-tiə] ♦ noun a member of the court of a king or queen: He was one of King James' courtiers. درباری؛ ملازم ˈcourtly ♦ adjective having fine manners. آراسته و باوقار ˈcourtliness ♦ noun . ادب؛ وقار ˈcourtship ♦ noun courting or wooing. عشق بازی؛ خواستگاری ˈcourthouse ♦ noun a building where legal cases are held. ساختمان دادگستری ˌcourt-ˈmartial– plural ˌcourts-ˈmartial – ♦ noun a court held by officers of the armed forces to try offences against discipline. دادگاه نظامی ˈcourtyard ♦ noun a court or enclosed ground beside, or surrounded by, a building: the courtyard of the castle. حیاط؛ محوطه court [koːt] ♦ noun 1 a place where legal cases are heard: a magistrates' court; the High Court. دادگاه 2 the judges and officials of a legal court: The accused is to appear before the court on Friday. قاضی و هیئت منصفه 3 a marked-out space for certain games: a tennis-court; a squash court. زمین بازی 4 the officials, councillors etc of a king or queen: the court of King James. درباریان 5 the palace of a king or queen: Hampton Court. دربار 6 an open space surrounded by houses or by the parts of one house. حیاط؛ محوطۀ میان چند ساختمان ♦ verb 1 to try to win the love of; to woo. عشق بازی کردن؛ اظهار عشق کردن 2 to try to gain (admiration etc ). دنبال چیزی رفتن 3 to seem to be deliberately risking (disaster etc ). مخاطره آمیز بودن ˈcourtier [-tiə] ♦ noun a member of the court of a king or queen: He was one of King James' courtiers. درباری؛ ملازم ˈcourtly ♦ adjective having fine manners. آراسته و باوقار ˈcourtliness ♦ noun . ادب؛ وقار ˈcourtship ♦ noun courting or wooing. عشق بازی؛ خواستگاری ˈcourthouse ♦ noun a building where legal cases are held. ساختمان دادگستری ˌcourt-ˈmartial– plural ˌcourts-ˈmartial – ♦ noun a court held by officers of the armed forces to try offences against discipline. دادگاه نظامی ˈcourtyard ♦ noun a court or enclosed ground beside, or surrounded by, a building: the courtyard of the castle. حیاط؛ محوطه /kôrt/ n., vt., vi., adj. ● حیاط،محوطه‌ی میان چند ساختمان (courtyard هم می‌گویند) there were four buildings around the central court چهار ساختمان در اطراف محوطه‌ی مرکزی قرار داشتند. ● (تنیس و والیبال و بسکتبال و غیره) زمین بازی،محوطه‌ی بازی،پهنه a tennis court زمین تنیس a basketball court پهنه‌ی بسکتبال an indoor court پهنه (یا زمین) سرپوشیده both off and on court, Hossein has acted like a gentleman هم در زمین بازی و هم در خارج از آن حسین رفتار رادمردانه‌ای داشته است. ● دادگاه،محکمه‌ی قضایی،قاضی و هیئت منصفه،دادگاهی a divorce court داگاه طلاق the court dismissed the charges دادگاه اتهامات وارده را رد کرد. this matter should be left to the courts این قضیه باید به محاکم قضایی ارجاع شود. ● دربار،آستان،بارگاه،درباری،درباریان the king invited him to the court پادشاه او را به دربار دعوت کرد. a court painter نقاش درباری a court jester دلقک دربار ● کوی (معمولا کوتاه و بن‌بست)،کوچه بن‌بست ● (امریکا) متل (motor court هم می‌گویند) ● چاپلوسی،تملق،چرب زبانی،لاده،شیره مالی،خواستاری ● چاپلوسی کردن،تملق گفتن،شیره‌مالی کردن،ناز کشیدن،منت کشیدن،خواستار بودن ● خواستگاری،عشقبازی،مهرورزی،نامزدبازی ● خواستگاری کردن،نامزد بازی کردن،عشقبازی کردن he courted the girl and then married her از دختر خواستگاری کرد و سپس او را گرفت. ● (انگلیس - در شرکت‌های بزرگ) هیئت مدیره،گروه مدیران ● دنبال چیزی رفتن to court publicity دنبال شهرت رفتن don't court trouble! پی دردسر نرو! he has been courting success for a long time او مدت‌ها در جستجوی موفقیت بوده است. she seems to be courting insults مثل اینکه هوس توهین شنیدن به سرش زده است. * appear in court در دادگاه حاضر شدن * go to court به دادگاه رجوع کردن،به دادگاه شکایت کردن،دادخواهی کردن * hold court 1- دربار برپا کردن 2- معرکه گرفتن،مرکز توجه شدن * in one's court 1- (تنیس و بسکتبال و غیره) در نیمه‌ی زمین خود 2- در اختیار و کنترل شخصی * laugh (someone) out of court مفتضح کردن،از میدان بدر کردن * off court در بیرون زمین بازی،در خارج * on court در زمین بازی،هنگام مسابقه * out of court 1- بدون مراجعه به دادگاه (و از طریق مصالحه یا کدخدا منشی) 2- کم‌اهمیت،ناچیز * pay court to 1- خواستگاری کردن،مهرجویی کردن،نامزد بازی کردن 2- منت کشیدن،تملق گفتن

Answer 427

US UK AU delicate [ˈdelikət] ♦ adjective 1 requiring special treatment or careful handling: delicate china; a delicate situation/problem. حساس؛ آسیب پذیر 2 of fine texture etc ; dainty: a delicate pattern; the delicate skin of a child. لطیف؛ دارای ظرافت و حساسیت 3 able to do fine, accurate work: a delicate instrument. دقیق؛ حساس 4 subtle: a delicate wine; a delicate shade of blue. خوشایند؛ ظریف ˈdelicately ♦ adverb . با ظرافت؛ با دلپذیری ˈdelicacy– plural ˈdelicacies – ♦ noun 1 the state or quality of being delicate. حساسیت؛ ظرافت 2 something delicious and special to eat: Caviare is a delicacy. خوشمزگی؛ خوشایندی /del´i kit/ adj., n. ● خوشایند،دلچسب،دلپذیر،لذیذ a delicate flavor طعم لذیذ a delicate odor بوی خوش delicate colors رنگ‌های دلپذیر a delicate red color رنگ قرمز ملایم ● (ساختمان یا بافت یا کیفیت) ظریف،لطیف،نازک،نرم،پاژ،نازک سرشت،پر ریزه‌کاری delicate cloth پارچه‌ی نرم و نازک a child's delicate skin پوست لطیف کودک a delicate design طرح ظریف ● موشکافانه،دارای ظرافت و حساسیت a delicate difference تفاوت ظریف و اندک ● زودشکن،زودآسیب،گزندپذیر،آسیب‌پذیر،حساس،نرم‌دل،علیل مزاج،زود بیمار،مافنگی a delicate stomach معده‌ی حساس a delicate vase گلدان ظریف (زود شکننده) a delicate child کودک رنجور ● (وضع و غیره) حساس،سرنوشت ساز،اندیش سز (سزاوار اندیشه و تعمق و مهارت) a delicate situation وضعیت حساس a delicate balance of powers موازنه‌ی دقیق نیروها ● با ملاحظه،ملاحظه‌کار،پاسگر،پایشگر،نازک‌بین he reported the bad news as delicately as he could او آن خبر بد را با ملاحظه کاری تمام گزارش داد. ● موشکاف،موی‌بین،زودانگیخت،پرمهارت،زود دریاب a delicate instrument ابزار دقیق و حساس he has a delicate ear for music گوش او نسبت به موسیقی حساس است. a delicate sense of smell حس بویایی حساس ● زودرنج،مشکل پسند،نازک نارنجی ● (قدیم) رجوع شود به: delicacy delicate aroma zartes Aroma delicate flavour feiner Geschmack delicate features feine Gesichtszüge delicate china zartes Porzellan delicate cycle (in washing machine) Feinwaschgang m to strike a delicate balance ein Gleichgewicht vorsichtig bewahren to have a delicate stomach einen empfindlichen Magen haben a delicate shade of pink ein zartes Rosa to be in a delicate condition veraltet in anderen Umständen sein veraltend repairing this old watch is a very delicate operation das Reparieren dieser alten Uhr ist eine sehr diffizile Angelegenheit to upset [or disturb] the [delicate] balance between two things das [empfindliche] Gleichgewicht zwischen zwei Dingen durcheinanderbringen I have a problem of a rather delicate nature ich habe da ein ziemlich heikles Problem this is a very delicate situation and it needs to be handled sensitively dies ist eine sehr heikle Situation, und man muss hier Fingerspitzengefühl beweisen

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frown [fraun] ♦ verb to make the forehead wrinkle and the eyebrows move down (as a sign of worry, disapproval, deep thought etc ): He frowned at her bad behaviour. اخم کردن ♦ noun such a movement of the forehead and eyebrows: a frown of disapproval. اخم frown on/upon to disapprove of (something): My family frowns (up) on smoking and drinking. ناپسند شمردن /froun/ vi., vt., n. ● اخم کردن،ابرو در هم کشیدن،سگرمه در هم کشیدن،عبوس شدن،(با: on یا upon) با اخم نگاه کردن (به)،(مجازی) با بی میلی نگاه کردن به،ناچیز پنداشتن،از سر سیری (به چیزی) نگاه کردن،ناپسند شمردن،ناخشنودی نشان دادن when she saw us, she frowned وقتی ما را دید اخم کرد. he raised his hand and frowned at his watch دست خود را بالا آورد و با اخم به ساعتش نگاه کرد. the natives frowned upon the way we dressed بومیان از طرز لباس پوشیدن ما خوششان نمی‌آمد. ten thousand dollars a month is nothing to frown at ده هزار دلار در ماه پولی نیست که بتوان از آن چشم پوشی کرد. ● اخم an old man with a perpetual frown پیرمردی با اخم همیشگی when he saw me, his frown became deeper وقتی مرا دید اخم او ژرف‌تر شد. ● ناخشنودی،عبوسی،ترش‌رویی * frown upon (or on) ناپسند شمردن،ناخشنودی نشان دادن،مذموم شمردن gambling is frowned upon in this country در این کشور قمار را بد می‌دانند. preoccupied frown besorgtes Stirnrunzeln to frown on sth etw missbilligen to frown severely streng die Stirn runzeln to put on a frown übtr die Stirn runzeln no frown ever disturbed his placid countenance ruhig wie er war, verzog er nie auch nur eine Miene she threw him a warning frown as he prepared to scold the child sie warf ihm einen warnenden Blick zu, als er das Kind ausschimpfen wollte

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dilemma [diˈlemə, ˈdailemə] ♦ noun a position or situation giving two choices, neither pleasant: His dilemma was whether to leave the party early so as to get a lift in his friend's car, or to stay and walk eight kilometres home. تنگنا؛ دو راهی ناخوشایند /di lem´ǝ, dī-/ n. ● (لزوم انتخاب یکی از دو چیز ناخوشایند) برهان ذوالحدین،احراج،قیاس دو حدی،گزین دژسویه ● تنگنا،مخمصه،معضل،وضع دشوار،دو راهی خطرناک،مخطور our dilemma was whether to lower prices or to accept fewer sales معضل ما این بود که اگر قیمت‌ها را کم نمی‌کردیم فروش ما کم می‌شد. ● معما that subject gradually evolved into a dilemma آن موضوع کم‌کم به صورت معمایی درآمد. dilemma noun [ C ] UK /daɪˈlem.ə/ /dɪˈlem.ə/ US /daɪˈlem.ə/ /dɪˈlem.ə/ B2 a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two different things you could do: The president is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis. She faces the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves. a moral/ethical dilemma

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coercion noun [ U ] formal UK /kəʊˈɜː.ʃən/ US /koʊˈɝː.ʃən/ the use of force to persuade someone to do something that they are unwilling to do: He claimed the police had used coercion, threats, and promises to obtain the statement illegally. to do sth under coercion unter Zwang handeln

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treachery noun [ U ] formal UK /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/ US /ˈtretʃ.ɚ.i/ behaviour that deceives or is not loyal to someone who trusts you: From his cell on board ship, the captain wrote about the treachery of his crew a play about treachery and betrayal

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vigilance noun [ U ] UK /ˈvɪdʒ.əl.əns/ US /ˈvɪdʒ.əl.əns/ more careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger: The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread. vigilance [ˈvidʒiləns] ♦ noun watchfulness or readiness for danger: He watched her with the vigilance of a hawk. هشیاری؛ مراقبت ˈvigilant ♦ adjective . هشیار؛ مراقب /vij´ǝ lǝns/ n. ● هشیاری،گوش به زنگی،مراقبت،مواظبت،ترصد،حراست،نگاهبانی constant vigilance against the spread of disease to escape sb's vigilance jds wachsamen Auge entgehen to urge caution/vigilance zur Vorsicht/Wachsamkeit mahnen to slacken vigilance unaufmerksam werden

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willie noun (also willy) UK /ˈwɪl.i/ US /ˈwɪl.i/ the willies [ plural ] informal a feeling of nervousness and fear, especially caused by something strange or threatening: Spending a night in the house alone always gives me the willies. Seeing something in the shadows, I suddenly got the willies and ran. sth gives sb the willies bei etw Dat wird jdm ganz mulmig ugs sb gets/has the willies jdm wird ganz anders [zumute] ugs this place gives me the willies hier wird mir ganz mulmig zumute I suddenly got the willies and ran away plötzlich kriegte ich Panik und rannte weg

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boomer noun [ C ] informal UK /ˈbuː.mər/ US /ˈbuː.mɚ/ boomer noun [C] (PERSON) sometimes disapproving a person born during the period between approximately 1945 and 1965 following the Second World War, when there was a baby boom (= a large increase in the number of babies born), also used to refer to an older person in general: Many boomers are in a position to afford a second or third home. Large numbers of boomers are suffering from hypertension, but following them will be their kids and grandkids. Compare baby boomerGeneration XGeneration Ymillennial OK boomer humorous a phrase used for replying to something said, usually by an older person, that suggests there is no use arguing with them because they do not know what they are talking about: "Millennials expect life to be easy."—"OK boomer."

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martyr noun [ C ] UK /ˈmɑː.tər/ US /ˈmɑːr.t̬ɚ/ a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs, and is often admired because of it: a Christian/Islamic/religious martyr She fought against racism all her life and died a martyr to the cause. martyr [ˈmaːtə] ♦ noun 1 a person who suffers death or hardship for what he or she believes: St Joan is said to have been a martyr. فدایی 2 a person who continually suffers from a disease, difficulty etc : She is a martyr to rheumatism. جانباز ♦ verb to put (someone) to death or cause (him) to suffer greatly for his beliefs: Saint Joan was martyred by the English. شهید شدن ˈmartyrdom ♦ noun the suffering or death of a martyr. شهید /märt´ǝr/ n., vt. ● شهید anyone who dies for his faith and ideas is considered a martyr هر کسی که به خاطر ایمان و عقیده‌ی خود کشته شود شهید محسوب می‌شود. the martyrs of Islam شهدای اسلام ● (معمولا مزاح آمیز) کسی که راحتی و منافع خود را فدای دیگران می‌کند (معمولا به خاطر جلب توجه و همدردی) she cleans our shoes every night because she enjoys being a martyr او هر شب کفش‌های ما را تمیز می‌کند چون دوست دارد خود را مظلوم جلوه دهد. to make a martyr of oneself به خود ستم روا داشتن ● (خودمانی - پیش از: to) درد کشیدن،رنج بردن،ستم کشیدن she is a martyr to her rheumatism او از رماتیسم رنج می‌برد. ● شهید کردن to be martyred شهید شدن they martyred him for his beliefs او را به خاطر عقایدش شهید کردند. ● شکنجه کردن،ستم روا داشتن،تحت آزار و شکنجه قرار دادن to die a martyr den Märtyrertod sterben leftist hero/martyr Held(in) m (f) /Märtyrer(in) m (f) der Linken to be a martyr to arthritis übtr fürchterlich unter Arthritis leiden to make a martyr of sb jdn zum Märtyrer/zur Märtyrerin machen to make a martyr of oneself übtr sich Akk zum Märtyrer/zur Märtyrerin stilisieren geh to act the fool/innocent/martyr den Idioten/Unschuldigen/Märtyrer spielen

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terminate verb [ I/T ] fml US /ˈtɜr·məˌneɪt/ to end or stop, or to cause something to end or stop: [ I ] Trains that used to terminate in Hoboken now run into New York. [ T ] It sounded like she was trying to terminate the conversation. An employee who is terminated no longer has a job: [ T ] Employees can be terminated if they miss too many days of work without good reason. termination noun [ C/U ] US /ˌtɜr·məˈneɪ·ʃən/ [ U ] The contract provides for termination after two years. termination noun UK /ˌtɜː.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌtɝː.məˈneɪ.ʃən/ termination noun (ENDING) terminate [ˈtəːmineit] ♦ verb to bring or come to an end or limit: She terminated the conversation. پایان دادن termiˈnation ♦ noun . پایان /tu_r´mǝ nāt´/ vt., vi. ● پایان دادن یا یافتن،خاتمه دادن یا یافتن،فرجامیدن،به اتمام رساندن یا رسیدن to terminate a conference کنفرانس را به پایان رساندن his heart attack terminated the interview سکته‌ی قلبی او،مصاحبه را خاتمه داد. the fight terminated with his victory مشت‌بازی با پیروزی او به پایان رسید. this railway terminates in Kerman این خط آهن در کرمان خاتمه می‌یابد. ● به خدمت کسی خاتمه دادن،(از خدمت) منفصل کردن he was terminated last year پارسال به خدمت او خاتمه دادند. ● متوقف کردن ● منقضی شدن [ U ] formal the act of ending something or the end of something: The termination of the bus service was a severe blow to many villagers. to terminate a pregnancy eine Schwangerschaft abbrechen to terminate a contract einen Vertrag aufheben this train will terminate at the next stop der nächste Bahnhof ist Endstation

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deceased noun [ C ] formal UK /dɪˈsiːst/ US /dɪˈsiːst/ plural the deceased the deceased C2 a person who has recently died: The deceased shot her mother before killing herself. Five of the deceased were employed by the club. deceased [diˈsiːst] ♦ adjective dead: His parents, now deceased, were very wealthy. مرده؛ مرحوم the deceased in law, the dead person already mentioned, especially one who has recently died: Were you a friend of the deceased? متوفی؛ مرحوم /dē sēst´, di-/ adj. ● مرده،متوفی،مرحوم the house belongs to one deceased brother and two living sisters خانه،متعلق به یک برادر مرحوم و دو خواهر در قید حیات است. * the deceased (بیشتر حقوقی و در مورد شخص تازه مرده) متوفی،مرحوم the deceased has two sons and three daughters آن مرحوم دو پسر و سه دختر دارد. recently deceased kürzlich verstorben thereinafter referred to as the deceased im Folgenden als der/die Verstorbene bezeichnet

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notwithstanding preposition, adverb formal UK /ˌnɒt.wɪðˈstæn.dɪŋ/ US /ˌnɑːt.wɪðˈstæn.dɪŋ/ C1 despite the fact or thing mentioned: Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan. Injuries notwithstanding, the team won the semifinal. notwithstanding [notwiðˈstandiŋ] ♦ preposition in spite of: Notwithstanding the bad weather, the ship arrived on time. باوجود اينکه؛ على رغم /nāt´with stan´ diŋ/ prep., conj., adv. ● علیرغم،با وجود،به رغم he flew on, notwithstanding the storm با وجود طوفان به پرواز ادامه داد. he continues his criticism, government threats notwithstanding علی‌رغم تهدیدهای دولت،او به انتقاد خود ادامه می‌دهد. ● با این وجود،با همه‌ی این‌ها،به هر حال he should have been told notwithstanding با این حال بایستی به او اطلاع داده می‌شد. ● گرچه،هرچند،گواینکه،باآنکه he was still unknown, notwithstanding he had lived here many years گرچه سال‌ها اینجا زندگی کرده بود هنوز هم کسی او را نمی‌شناخت.

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US UK AU pact [pӕkt] ♦ noun an agreement, especially if formal and/or between the representatives of nations: They made a pact to help each other. پیمان /pakt/ n. ● معاهده،پیمان،سامه a pact made between two nations پیمانی که میان دو ملت بسته شده است a non-aggression pact پیمان عدم تجاوز ● عهد،قول و قرار the pact we made with you is never to be broken عهدی که با تو بستیم هرگز شکستنی نیست we made a pact not to tell our secret to anyone عهد کردیم که راز خود را به کسی نگوییم. quadripartite pact Viererpakt m Stability and Growth Pact EU Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspakt m Lib-Lab pact Parteibündnis zwischen den Liberalen und der Labourpartei in den 70er Jahren non-aggression pact Nichtangriffspakt m this pact is for ever dieser Pakt gilt für immer und ewig to have a suicide pact gemeinsamen Selbstmord verabredet haben

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copulate verb [ I ] formal UK /ˈkɒp.jə.leɪt/ US /ˈkɑː.pjə.leɪt/ to have sex copulation noun [ U ] formal UK /ˌkɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌkɑː.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən/ the act of having sex: The carvings often feature elaborate scenes of copulation. Among grey seals, copulation may occur either on land or in the water. copulate kopulieren geh copulate sich Akk paaren ger: Bedeutungen: [1] von Tieren: den Geschlechtsakt vollziehen; im abwertendem Sinne auch von Menschen [2] altertümlich: zu Mann und Frau erklären (auch: copuli[e]ren) [3] Botanik: ein Gehölz mit einem etwa gleich dicken Edelreis veredeln Herkunft: lateinisch: copulāre → la Sinnverwandte Wörter: [1] sich paaren; transitiv, Männchen das Weibchen: begatten, bespringen, besteigen [1] siehe auch: WikiSaurus:koitieren [2] vermählen, trauen [3] pfropfen Gegenwörter: [3] okulieren Oberbegriffe: [3] veredeln Unterbegriffe: [1] Hunde, Katzen, Kaninchen: hecken, heckern; Hasen, Kaninchen: rammeln zu begatten: Haustiere: decken; Geflügel: treten; Pferde: beschälen; Schalenwild: nageln Beispiele: [1] Fast wäre ich über zwei kopulierende Hunde gestolpert. [2] Johann Müller, ein Zeugmacher, ist heute mit der Schneiderin Maria Roswitha Müllerin, geb. Lehmann, zweiter eheleiblicher Tochter des Ehren wohl geachten Bürgermeisters zu ... nach 3-mahliger Proclamation in der Kirche zu ... copulieret worden. (hist.) [3] An dieser Stelle wurde der Baum kopuliert. Wortbildungen: Kopulation

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lobotomy noun [ C ] UK /ləˈbɒt.ə.mi/ US /ləˈbɑː.t̬ə.mi/ a medical operation in which cuts are made in or near the front part of the brain, used in the past for the treatment of severe mental problems lobotomy Lobotomie m lobotomy Leukotomie f

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catatonic adjective UK /ˌkæt.əˈtɒn.ɪk/ US /ˌkæt̬.əˈtɑː.nɪk/ If someone is catatonic, they are stiff and not moving or reacting, as if dead.

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coast [kəust] ♦ noun the side or border of land next to the sea: The coast was very rocky. ساحل ♦ verb to travel downhill (in a vehicle, on a bicycle etc ) without the use of any power such as the engine or pedalling: He coasted for two miles after the car ran out of petrol. پایین رفتن؛ لیز خوردن ˈcoastal ♦ adjective of or near the coast: a coastal town. ساحلی ˈcoaster ♦ noun 1 a vessel that sails along near the coast. کشتی کرانه رو 2 a small mat for putting under a drinking-glass etc . زیر لیوانی ˈcoastguard ♦ noun a person or group of people, employed to watch the coast for smugglers, ships in distress etc . گارد ساحلی coast noun [ C ] US /koʊst/ coast noun [C] (LAND) the land next to or close to the sea: We lived on the southeast coast of Florida. coast to coast (also coast-to-coast) from one side of the country to the other: We travelled across America coast to coast. mainly US (also coast-to-coast) in every part of a country: The visiting politician received coast-to-coast media attention. US informal (also coast-to-coast) in sports such as basketball, from one side of the playing area to the other: He went coast-to-coast to beat them at the buzzer. 🤣 shore [ʃoː] ♦ noun land bordering on the sea or on any large area of water: a walk along the shore; When the ship reached Gibraltar the passengers were allowed on shore. ساحل shore noun UK /ʃɔːr/ US /ʃɔːr/ B1 [ C or U ] the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river: You can walk for miles along the shore. The boat was about a mile from/off (the) shore when the engine suddenly died. [ˈsēˌSHôr] noun - seashore ساحل دریا: seashore, seacoast /-shôr´/ n. ● کرانه،دریا کنار،ساحل she sells seashells by the seashore او در کنار دریا گوش‌ماهی می‌فروشد. ● (حقوق) بخشی از کرانه که میان حد جزر و مد قرار دارد

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hatch verb UK /hætʃ/ US /hætʃ/ hatch verb (EGG) [ I or T ] to (cause an egg to) break in order to allow a young animal to come out hatch verb (PLAN) [ T ] to make a plan, especially a secret plan: He hatched a plot to forge documents that would embarrass the company. an opening through a wall, floor, etc., or the cover for it: an escape hatch a serving hatch hatch1 [hӕtʃ] ♦ noun (the door or cover of) an opening in a wall, floor, ship's deck etc : There are two hatches between the kitchen and dining-room for serving food. دريچه ˈhatchway ♦ noun an opening, especially in a ship's deck. دریچه cargo hatch Ladeluke f to hatch a plot einen Plan aushecken to hatch an egg ein Ei ausbrüten down the hatch! runter damit! she slid the hatch open sie schob die Luke auf the eggs have started to hatch die Küken haben begonnen zu schlüpfen

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peck verb [ I/T ] US /pek/ (of a bird) to hit, bite, or pick up something with the beak peck noun [ C ] US /pek/ A peck is also a quick kiss: Aunt Velma gave me a peck on the cheek peck [pek] ♦ verb 1 (of birds) to strike or pick up with the beak, usually in order to eat: The birds pecked at the corn; The bird pecked his hand. نوک زدن 2 to eat very little: She just pecks (at) her food. کم خوردن 3 to kiss quickly and briefly: She pecked her mother on the cheek. بوسیدن ♦ noun 1 a tap or bite with the beak: The bird gave him a painful peck on the hand. ضربه نوک 2 a brief kiss: a peck on the cheek. بوس ˈpeckish ♦ adjective rather hungry: I feel a bit peckish. گرسنه to peck a hole ein Loch picken to peck around herumpicken to peck at one's typewriter in die Tasten hämmern to peck at one's food in seinem Essen herumstochern to peck sb on the cheek jdn flüchtig auf die Wange küssen to have a peck of troubles in großen Schwierigkeiten stecken to give sb/sth a peck nach jdm/etw hacken to give sb a peck [on the cheek] jdn flüchtig [auf die Wange] küssen

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attach [əˈtӕtʃ] ♦ verb to fasten or join: I attached a label to my bag. چسباندن؛ وصل کردن atˈtached ♦ adjective (with to ) fond of: I'm very attached to my brother. دلبسته atˈtachment ♦ noun 1 something extra attached: There are several attachments for this food-mixer. مخلفات؛ ضمائم 2 (with for/to ) liking or affection: I feel attachment for this town. دلبستگی به to fasten or join one thing to something else: attach sth to sth I attached a note to the report and left it in his office. IT to connect a piece of computer equipment to another: attach sth to sth Use this cable to attach the printer to the computer. The client software can be stored on one central computer that is attached to the network. IT, COMMUNICATIONS to send a document, picture, etc. with an email or letter: I attach a copy of this month's report which includes figures for the last quarter. /ǝ tach´/ vt., vi. ● چسباندن،بستن به،پیوستن،الصاق کردن،وصل کردن،دوسیدن،دوسانیدن a book on the cover of which a picture had been attached کتابی که روی جلد آن عکس چسبانده شده بود a wooden table with benches attached to it میز چوبی با نیمکت‌هایی که به آن متصل هستند to attach oneself to خود را وصل کردن یا چسباندن به ● دلبستگی پیدا کردن gradually, he became attached to his nurse به تدریج نسبت به پرستار خود دلبستگی پیدا کرد. ● (امضا یا مهر یا تبصره و غیره) افزودن please attach your signature here لطفا اینجا را امضا کنید. ● قائل شدن I attach great importance to this news اهمیت زیادی برای این خبر قایلم. ● ناشی از the advantages that attach to wealth مزایای وابسته به ثروت ● (حقوق) ضبط کردن (ملک به دستور دادگاه)،توقیف کردن،حکم توقیف ملک صادر کردن ● (ارتش) موقتا به یگان دیگری منتقل کردن (سربازان یا رسته‌ها)،زیر امر قرار دادن * to attach importance to اهمیت دادن به،اهمیت قایل شدن to attach a label (sticker) einen Aufkleber aufkleben to attach weight to sth etw Dat Bedeutung beimessen to attach value to sth auf etw Akk Wert legen to attach exaggerated importance to sth etw Dat übertriebene Aufmerksamkeit schenken to attach special significance to sth etw Dat besondere Bedeutung beimessen to attach importance to sth/doing sth etw Dat Bedeutung beimessen to attach certain conditions to sth bestimmte Bedingungen an etw Akk knüpfen to attach importance [or significance] to sth etw Dat Bedeutung beimessen to give [or attach] credence to sth etw Dat Glauben schenken I don't attach much weight to his opinions mir ist es relativ egal, was er denkt

Answer 447

take place idiom to happen: The story takes place in the 18th century.

Answer 448

US UK AU consist [kənˈsist] ♦ verb (with of ) to be composed or made up: The house consists of six rooms. متشکل بودن از conˈsistency1 ♦ noun the degree of thickness or firmness: of the consistency of dough. استحکام /kǝn sist´/ vi. ● (با: of) داشتن،دارا بودن،متشکل بودن از،مشتمل بودن بر water consists of hydrogen and oxygen آب از هیدروژن و اکسیژن تشکیل شده است. ● (با: in) عبارت بود از،بستگی داشتن به،منوط بودن به،مبتنی بودن بر wisedom does not consist only in knowing facts خردمندی فقط به دانستن واقعیات نیست. ● (با: with) جور بودن با،توافق داشتن his claim consists with facts ادعای او با واقعیات مطابقت دارد. ● (قدیمی) وجود داشتن،بودن

Answer 449

standoffish adjective informal disapproving UK /ˌstændˈɒf.ɪʃ/ US /ˌstændˈɑː.fɪʃ/ behaving in a slightly unfriendly and too formal way کناره گیر: retiring, aloof, standoffish

Answer 450

assess [əˈses] ♦ verb 1 to estimate or judge the quality or quantity of: Can you assess my chances of winning? برآورد کردن؛ ارزیابی کردن 2 to estimate in order to calculate tax due on: My income has been assessed wrongly. مالیات بستن asˈsessment ♦ noun . ارزیابی asˈsessor ♦ noun . ارزیاب /ǝ ses´/ vt. ● برآورد کردن،ارزیابی کردن،مالیات بستن،تقویم کردن they assessed the amount of taxes due مبلغ مالیات قابل پرداخت را برآورد کردند. nobody could assess the real value of the old book هیچکس نتوانست ارزش واقعی کتاب قدیمی را برآورد کند. ● بررسی کردن،سنجیدن،بر انداز کردن they tried to assess the country's economic situation کوشیدند وضع اقتصادی کشور را ارزیابی کنند. assess verb [ T ] UK /əˈses/ US /əˈses/ B2 to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something: The insurers will need to assess the flood damage. They assessed the cost of the flood damage at £2,500. Exams are not the only means of assessing a student's ability. It's too early to assess the long-term consequences of the two countries' union. [ + question word ] We need to assess whether the project is worth doing. to rightly assess sth etw richtig einschätzen to assess damage einen Schaden schätzen to assess damages at €1,000 die Schäden auf €1.000 schätzen to assess [sth] by arbitrage JUR [etw] arbitrieren to assess the cost of sth die Kosten für etw Akk veranschlagen to assess the value of sth den Wert einer S. Gen schätzen it's difficult to assess how they'll react to our suggestions man kann nicht voraussagen, wie sie unsere Vorschläge aufnehmen werden

Answer 451

arbitrage noun [ U ] STOCK MARKET UK /ˌɑːbɪˈtrɑːʒ/ US /ˈɑːrbɪtrɑːʒ/ the practice of buying something, such as shares or currency, in one place and selling them in another where you can get a higher price at the same time: arbitrage buying/selling Traders said a rise in the peso's value made Mexican share prices more expensive compared with shares sold in New York and sparked some arbitrage selling. The importance of computers is that arbitrage opportunities can be quickly spotted and capitalized upon. arbitrage margin internationales Zinsgefälle arbitrage syndicate Arbitragekonsortium nt arbitrage stocks Arbitragewerte pl risk arbitrage Am Risikoarbitrage f arbitrage in bullion Goldarbitrage f to assess [sth] by arbitrage JUR [etw] arbitrieren ger: Bedeutungen: [1] Wirtschaft: Ausnutzung von Preisunterschieden für ein und dasselbe Gut Herkunft: von französisch arbitrage → fr, von lateinisch arbitratus → la „Gutdünken, freie Wahl, freies Ermessen“ Beispiele: [1] Man kann bei Geschäften mit der Arbitrage oft nur mit einer ausgesprochen geringen Gewinnspanne rechnen. Wortbildungen: Arbitrageur, Arbitragefreiheit 🤣 arbitrieren Bedeutungen: [1] Börse, Finanzwesen: ein Geschäft dadurch machen, dass man Kursunterschiede an den Börsen ausnutzt [2] als Schiedsrichter/Vermittler (Arbiter) tätig sein [3] veraltet: durch Schätzen ermitteln Herkunft: vom Substantiv Arbiter mit -ier und der Verb-Endung -en Synonyme: [3] schätzen, überschlagen, veranschlagen Unterbegriffe: [2] superarbitrieren Beispiele: [1] „Im Getreidehandel bietet die Ortsarbitrage noch am ehesten die Gelegenheit, ohne spekulatives Risiko zu arbitrieren.“[1] [2] „Beim Anerbieten, zwischen mehreren Nationen zu arbitrieren - so berichtet Richard Miller in seiner Hammarskjöld-Biographie - bedurfte Mr. Hammarskjöld der sorgfältigen Beachtung zweier Umstände: […].“[2] [3] „Vielmehr ist für jede einzelne Lehrerstelle das nach den individuellen Verhältnissen des Ortes und der besonderen Amtsstellung zur angemessenen Sustentation des Lehrers erforderliche Normaleinkommen zu arbitrieren.“ (1874)[3] Wortbildungen: Arbitrage, Arbitration, Arbitrator

Answer 452

eager adjective UK /ˈiː.ɡər/ US /ˈiː.ɡɚ/ B2 wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable: the children's eager faces [ + to infinitive ] She sounded very eager to meet you. They crowded around the spokesperson, eager for any news. jective [ not gradable ] US /ˈi·ɡər/ having or showing desire or interest: Lots of eager volunteers responded to the appeal for help. eager [ˈiːgə] ♦ adjective full of desire, interest etc ; keen; enthusiastic: He is always eager to win. مشتاق؛ راغب ˈeagerness ♦ noun . شوق؛ رغبت ˈeagerly ♦ adverb . با رغبت؛ با بی قراری

Answer 453

desperate adjective UK /ˈdes.pər.ət/ US /ˈdes.pɚ.ət/ desperate adjective (SERIOUS) C2 very serious or bad: desperate poverty a desperate shortage of food/supplies The situation is desperate - we have no food, very little water and no medical supplies. very great or extreme: The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help. He has a desperate desire to succeed. informal I'm in a desperate hurry. desperate adjective (WANTING) B2 [ usually after verb ] needing or wanting something very much: They are desperate for help. UK humorous I'm desperate for a drink! [ + to infinitive ] UK humorous He was desperate to tell someone his good news. desperate [ˈdespərət] ♦ adjective 1 (sometimes used loosely ) despairingly reckless or violent: She was desperate to get into university; a desperate criminal. مایوس؛ دست از جان کشیده 2 very bad or almost hopeless: We are in a desperate situation. ناامید کننده؛ یأس آور 3 urgent and despairing: He made a desperate appeal for help. مبرم؛ شدید ˈdesperately ♦ adverb . ناامیدانه؛ شدیداً ˌdespeˈration ♦ noun In desperation we asked the police for help. ناامیدی؛ ناچاری /des´pǝr it/ adj. ● نومیدانه،از روی استیصال،از روی ناچاری،از روی ناگزیری،از روی درماندگی،مذبوحانه a mother's desperate attempts to revive her dead child کوشش‌های مذبوحانه‌ی مادر برای احیای فرزند مرده‌اش ● نومید کننده،یاس آور the situation was desperate and England stood alone against Hitler وضعیت نومید کننده بود و انگلیس تنها در مقابل هیتلر ایستادگی می‌کرد. ● از جان گذشته،دست از جان شسته،خطرناک hunger had made them so desperate that they would not flinch at anything گرسنگی آنقدر جان آنها را به لب آورده بود که از هیچ کاری روگردان نبودند. a desperate criminal بزهکار از جان گذشته ● شدیدا نیازمند یا متمایل،تشنه‌ی چیزی to be desperate for affection تشنه‌ی محبت بودن he was desperately in love with my sister او سخت عاشق خواهرم بود. the old woman was desperate for money پیرزن سخت محتاج پول بود. ● وخیم،شدید،یاس‌انگیز،نومیدگر،حاد،مبرم a desperate illness بیماری وخیم the country's desperate need for reforms نیاز مبرم کشور به اصلاحات desperate poverty فقر نومید کننده desperate diseases must have desperate cures بیماری‌های شدید نیاز به درمان جدی دارند ● نا امیدوار،نومید،مایوس ● بی‌تاب،هلاک،بی‌طاقت،مستاصل desperate attempt verzweifelter Versuch desperate poverty äußerste Armut desperate situation verzweifelte Lage desperate solution drastische Lösung I'm in a desperate hurry ich hab's wahnsinnig eilig ugs I'm desperate for a drink! ich brauche jetzt schleunigst was zu trinken! ugs to be in desperate straits in extremen Schwierigkeiten stecken ugs Kate was desperate for a piddle Kate musste ganz dringend ugs to be in desperate/dire straits sich Akk in einer verzweifelten/schlimmen Notlage befinden to be in desperate need of help dringendst Hilfe brauchen I was in desperate need of some reassurance ich brauchte dringend etwas, das mir den Rücken stärkte he put up a desperate struggle before his murder er hatte sich verzweifelt zur Wehr gesetzt, bevor er ermordet wurde the substitution of Smith by Brown was a last desperate attempt to save the match Smith gegen Brown auszuwechseln war ein letzter, verzweifelter Versuch, das Spiel zu retten he is getting desperate enough to take any job that turns up er ist allmählich so verzweifelt, dass er bereit ist, jede Arbeit anzunehmen, die sich ihm bietet these days it's a desperate struggle just to keep my head above water im Moment kämpfe ich ums nackte Überleben

Answer 454

possess [pəˈzes] ♦ verb to own or have: How much money does he possess? دارا بودن؛ داشتن posˈsession [-ʃən] ♦ noun 1 something which is owned by a person, country etc : She lost all her possessions in the fire. دارایی 2 the state of possessing. مالکیت posˈsessive [-siv] ♦ adjective 1 showing that someone or something possesses an object etc : `Yours', `mine', `his', `hers', `theirs' are possessive pronouns; `your', `my', `his', `their' are possessive adjectives. ملکی 2 acting as though things and people are one's personal possessions: a possessive mother. تملک گرای posˈsessively ♦ adverb . بطور ملکی posˈsessiveness ♦ noun . تملک گرایی posˈsessor ♦ noun He is the proud possessor of a new car. مالک /pǝ zes´/ vt. ● مالک بودن،دارا بودن،داشتن،در تملک داشتن،برخوردار بودن،واجد بودن he possessed not only power but also great wealth او نه تنها قدرت داشت بلکه دارای ثروت زیادی هم بود. he gave everything he possessed to his son همه‌ی مایملک خود را به پسرش داد. to possess knowledge and wisdom از دانش و عقل برخوردار بودن he does not possess the necessary courage شجاعت لازم را ندارد. ● دانستن he possessed several languages besides his native tongue او علاوه بر زبان مادری به چند زبان دیگر مسلط بود. ● مستولی شدن،تحت نفوذ گرفتن،تحت تاثیر قرار دادن he was possessed by jealousy حسادت وجودش را تسخیر کرده بود. the idea of conquering the world had possessed him فکر تسخیر جهان هم و غم او شده بود. utterly possessed by her charm, he proposed marriage چون کاملا تحت تاثیر زیبایی او قرار گرفته بود پیشنهاد ازدواج کرد. ● (با زن) جماع کردن،(زن را) تصرف کردن ● (معمولا با: of) در اختیار کسی گذاشتن he possessed me of the information I needed اطلاعاتی را که لازم داشتم در اختیارم گذاشت. ● (قدیمی) به دست آوردن،گرفتن

Answer 455

shut [ʃat]– present participle ˈshutting : past tense, past participle shut – ♦ verb 1 to move (a door, window, lid etc ) so that it covers or fills an opening; to move (a drawer, book etc ) so that it is no longer open: Shut that door, please!; Shut your eyes and don't look. بستن 2 to become closed: The window shut with a bang. تعطيل شدن 3 to close and usually lock (a building etc ) eg at the end of the day or when people no longer work there: The shops all shut at half past five; There's a rumour that the factory is going to be shut. تعطيل كردن 4 to keep in or out of some place or keep away from someone by shutting something: The dog was shut inside the house. محبوس شدن ♦ adjective closed. تعطيل shut down(of a factory etc ) to close or be closed, for a time or permanently: There is a rumour going round that the factory is going to (be) shut down (nounˈshut-down ) . تعطيل شئن shut off 1 to stop an engine working, a liquid flowing etc : I'll need to shut the gas off before I repair the fire. خاموش كردن ؛ قطع كردن 2 to keep away (from); to make separate (from): He shut himself off from the rest of the world. جدا نگه داشتن shut up 1 to (cause to) stop speaking: Tell them to shut up!; That'll shut him up! ساكت شدن 2 to close and lock: It's time to shut up the shop. تعطيل كردن * She shut the door. او در را بست. * Just shut up and get on with your work! خفشو و برو پی کارت ! * Why don't you shut up? چرا خفه نمی شی * You should keep your mouth shut. تو باید دهنت رو بسته نگاه داری /shut/ adj., n., vi., vt. ● بستن Mehri shut her eyes مهری چشمانش را بست. Julie shut the book and got up جولی کتاب را بست و از جا برخاست. please shut the door لطفا در را ببندید. ● مسدود کردن،گرفتن،کیپ کردن I shut the hole with a piece of cloth سوراخ را با یک تکه پارچه مسدود کردم. shut the bottle top tightly در بطری را کیپ کن. ● از رفت و آمد جلوگیری کردن،عبور و مرور را قطع کردن ● محبوس کردن،زندانی کردن the bird is shut in a cage پرنده در قفس گرفتار است. they shut him in a dungeon او را در دخمه‌ای زندانی کردند. ● تعطیل کردن the factory has been shut for two years دو سال است که کارخانه تعطیل شده‌است. ● بسته،مسدود،تعطیل a shut window پنجره‌ی بسته ● عمل بستن،بسته بودن،انسداد * shut down 1- بستن،تعطیل they shut down universities for two years دانشگاه‌ها را دو سال تعطیل کردند. 2- (ابر یا تاریکی یا مه و غیره) فراگرفتن 3- (کامپیوتر) خاموش کردن * shut in محاصره کردن،دور (چیزی را) گرفتن،احاطه کردن * shut of (محلی) خلاص (از شر چیزی)،رها * shut off 1- منزوی کردن،جدا کردن 2- (لوله یا شیر یا مجرا) مسدود کردن،بستن * shut out (صدا یا منظره و غیره) سد کردن،جلوگیری کردن،راه ندادن،(ورزش) امتیاز ندادن * shut up 1- زندانی کردن،حبس کردن 2- (راه یا در و غیره) مسدود کردن،بستن 3- (عامیانه) حرف نزدن،دهان فروبستن،مانع صحبت یا بیان‌شدن 4- (به صورت امر) خفه شو!،ساکت‌! shut curtains zugezogene Vorhänge shut it! ugs! Klappe! sl shut-down/shut-off valve Schließ-/Sperrventil nt a shut in feeling ein Gefühl nt des Eingesperrtseins [o. der Enge] to feel shut in sich Akk eingesperrt fühlen do shut up, Sarah halte bloß deinen Mund, Sarah with one's eyes shut ugs blind to snap sth shut book etw zuklappen to shut off funds Geldmittel sperren to shut off signals Signale verhindern to shut off streets Straßen sperren oh, shut your trap! ach, halt's Maul! derb to shut out pain Schmerz ausschalten to shut up shop übtr (stop business) seine Tätigkeit einstellen shut the fuck up! halt verdammt noch mal das Maul! derb the window slammed shut das Fenster schlug zu to shut a book ein Buch zuklappen

Answer 456

step out phrasal verb with step verb [ I always + adv/prep ] US /step/ -pp- -pp- to leave a place, esp. for a short time: Mr. Taylor just stepped out of the office to get the mail. to step out of line sich Akk danebenbenehmen ugs the government is clearly out of step with voters die Anliegen der Regierung und die der Wähler liegen offensichtlich meilenweit auseinander

Answer 457

wash (something) up phrasal verb with wash verb UK /wɒʃ/ US /wɑːʃ/ A2 UK to clean the plates, pans, and other things that you have used for cooking and eating: He washed up his mug and put it back on the shelf. More examples I just need to wash up these dishes. I washed up all the plates. to wash your hands, especially before a meal: Go wash up - your dinner's ready. wash-up noun [ C ] UK UK /ˈwɒʃ.ʌp/ US /ˈwɑːʃ.ʌp/ a discussion after an event in which people talk about what happened, what could have been done better, etc.: The wash-up of his failed campaign will be done in the months to come. There will be a full wash-up to see if we could have picked it up earlier. washing-up noun [ U ] UK UK /ˌwɒʃ.ɪŋˈʌp/ US /ˌwɑːʃ.ɪŋˈʌp/ A2 the act of cleaning plates, pans, glasses, knives, forks, etc. after a meal, or the objects needing to be washed: You do the washing-up and I'll do the drying. There's an enormous pile of washing-up in the sink. to do the washing-up den Abwasch machen if you do the washing up, ... wenn du abspülst, ... will somebody stay behind to help with the washing-up? bleibt noch jemand da und hilft beim Abwasch? he never lifts a finger when it comes to cooking or washing up er kümmert sich überhaupt nicht um Kochen und Abspülen to wash up ⇆ sth sea etw anspülen [o. anschwemmen]

Answer 458

fare noun UK /feər/ US /fer/ fare noun (PAYMENT) B1 [ C ] the money that you pay for a journey in a vehicle such as a bus or train: Train fares are going up again. fare [feə] ♦ noun 1 the price of a journey on a train, bus, ship etc : He hadn't enough money for his bus fare. کرایه؛ پول بلیط 2 a paying passenger in a hired vehicle, especially in a taxi: The taxi-driver was asked by the police where her last fare got out. مسافر /fer/ n., vi. ● (شعر قدیم) رفتن،سفر کردن he fared into the marshes به مرداب‌ها می‌رفت. ● روی دادن،اتفاق افتادن،به سر کسی آمدن how did it fare with him? چه بسرش آمد؟ how are the lambs faring? گوسفندان چطورند؟ ● انجام شدن یا دادن،صورت گرفتن he fared well on his trip سفرش خوب انجام شد. ● خوردن،خوراک به دست آوردن،تغذیه کردن the prisoners fared plainly : bread and cheese زندانیان خوراک ساده می‌خوردند : نان و پنیر ● (تاکسی و اتوبوس و ترن و هواپیما و غیره) پول کرایه،پول بلیط what is the bus fare to Kashan? کرایه‌ی اتوبوس تا کاشان چقدر است‌؟ ● (تاکسی و اتوبوس و غیره) مسافر،آورزگر ● خوراک (روزانه)،قوت،روزی the fare in this restaurant خوراک این رستوران our fare consisted of bread and onions خوراک ما عبارت بود از نان و پیاز. ● (قدیمی) وضعیت،چگونگی family fare Familienpreis m full fare voller Fahrpreis fare evasion Schwarzfahren nt excess fare Zuschlag m reduced fare ermäßigter Fahrpreis to dodge the fare schwarzfahren traditional British fare traditionelle britische Küche to fare badly/well schlecht/gut ergehen single/return fare einfaches Billet/Retourbillet nt CH boarding-school fare Internatsessen nt bus/train/taxi fare Bus-/Bahn-/Taxifahrpreis m to tender the exact fare das Fahrgeld genau abgezählt bereithalten to pay the [or one's] fare den Fahrpreis bezahlen to have the exact fare ready das Fahrgeld genau abgezählt bereithalten how did you fare in your exams? wie ist es dir bei der Prüfung gegangen? it's standard fare for somebody who ... das ist normal für jemanden, der ...

Answer 459

AU confiscate [ˈkonfiskeit] ♦ verb to seize or take (something) away, usually as a penalty: The teacher confiscated the boy's comic which he was reading in class. توقیف کردن؛ ضبط کردن ˌconfiˈscation ♦ noun . مصادره؛ ضبط OpenDictionary /kän´fis kāt´/ vt., adj. ● مصادره کردن،توقیف کردن (اموال)،ضبط کردن،(به زور) گرفتن he was executed and his belongings were confiscated او اعدام و اموالش مصادره شد. the police confiscated the reporters' cameras پاسبانان دوربین‌های خبرنگاران را توقیف کردند. ● مصادره شده،از دست رفته،مصادره‌ای،توقیفی * confiscation, n. مصادره،توقیف (دارایی)،ضبط to confiscate sth [from sb] etw [von jdm] beschlagnahmen [o. geh konfiszieren] to confiscate property Vermögen nt einziehen

Answer 460

expense noun UK /ɪkˈspens/ US [ C or U ] ACCOUNTING an amount of money that a person or business spends in order to do something: a big/major expense Waste disposal is a major expense for us. cut down on/reduce/cut expense We need to cut down on our expenses. cover/meet expenses He said the business needed to borrow to meet future expenses. bear/incur an expense In your tax return you can include tax-deductible expenses incurred as a result of employment. a business/operating/running expense legal/medical/administrative expenses unnecessary/additional/extra expense Money can be moved into the account without the unnecessary expense of being converted into sterling. /ek spens´, ik-/ n., vt. ● هزینه،مبلغ،اجرت،پرداخت medical expenses هزینه‌های پزشکی we must cut down on our expenses باید از هزینه های خود بکاهیم. travel expenses مخارج سفر ● (مهجور) مصرف،گسارش،صرف،هدر دادن the expense of spirit in a waste of shame (شکسپیر) به هدر دادن روح در باتلاقی از شرم ● (جمع) مخارج،هزینه‌ها (به ویژه هزینه‌های مربوط به امور بازرگانی یا اداری یا ملکی) ● مایه‌ی خرج،موجب هزینه a car can be a considerable expense اتومبیل می‌تواند خیلی خرج داشته باشد. ● به عنوان هزینه ذکر کردن،(در فهرست مخارج) وارد کردن،به حساب گذاشتن * at great (little) expense با هزینه‌ی بسیار (یا کم) * at the expense of به حساب،به هزینه‌ی،به قیمت he was successful in business but it was done at the expense of his health او در کاسبی موفق بود ولی این موفقیت به قمیت سلامتی او تمام شد. * no expense(s) spared بدون صرفه جویی در هزینه operating expense FIN Verwaltungsaufwendung f regardless of the expense ungeachtet der [o. ohne Rücksicht auf die] Kosten hang the cost [or expense]! ganz egal, was es kostet! at one's own expense auf eigene Kosten at great expense unter großem Kostenaufwand and never mind the expense und vergiss jetzt einfach mal die Kosten to pad an expense account übtr zu viel an Spesen in Rechnung stellen to involve sb in expense jdm Kosten verursachen to spare no costs [or expense] keine Kosten scheuen to be worth the expense das Geld wert sein A, CH at the expense of sth auf Kosten einer S. Gen to go to great expense sich Akk in Unkosten stürzen to put sb to expense jdm Kosten verursachen at sb's expense [or at the expense of sb] auf jds Kosten blow the expense, we'll take it! scheiß auf die Kosten, wir nehmen es! derb to have fun at sb's expense sich Akk auf jds Kosten amüsieren

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expense noun UK /ɪkˈspens/ US [ C or U ] ACCOUNTING an amount of money that a person or business spends in order to do something: a big/major expense Waste disposal is a major expense for us. cut down on/reduce/cut expense We need to cut down on our expenses. cover/meet expenses He said the business needed to borrow to meet future expenses. bear/incur an expense In your tax return you can include tax-deductible expenses incurred as a result of employment. a business/operating/running expense legal/medical/administrative expenses unnecessary/additional/extra expense Money can be moved into the account without the unnecessary expense of being converted into sterling. /ek spens´, ik-/ n., vt. ● هزینه،مبلغ،اجرت،پرداخت medical expenses هزینه‌های پزشکی we must cut down on our expenses باید از هزینه های خود بکاهیم. travel expenses مخارج سفر ● (مهجور) مصرف،گسارش،صرف،هدر دادن the expense of spirit in a waste of shame (شکسپیر) به هدر دادن روح در باتلاقی از شرم ● (جمع) مخارج،هزینه‌ها (به ویژه هزینه‌های مربوط به امور بازرگانی یا اداری یا ملکی) ● مایه‌ی خرج،موجب هزینه a car can be a considerable expense اتومبیل می‌تواند خیلی خرج داشته باشد. ● به عنوان هزینه ذکر کردن،(در فهرست مخارج) وارد کردن،به حساب گذاشتن * at great (little) expense با هزینه‌ی بسیار (یا کم) * at the expense of به حساب،به هزینه‌ی،به قیمت he was successful in business but it was done at the expense of his health او در کاسبی موفق بود ولی این موفقیت به قمیت سلامتی او تمام شد. * no expense(s) spared بدون صرفه جویی در هزینه operating expense FIN Verwaltungsaufwendung f regardless of the expense ungeachtet der [o. ohne Rücksicht auf die] Kosten hang the cost [or expense]! ganz egal, was es kostet! at one's own expense auf eigene Kosten at great expense unter großem Kostenaufwand and never mind the expense und vergiss jetzt einfach mal die Kosten to pad an expense account übtr zu viel an Spesen in Rechnung stellen to involve sb in expense jdm Kosten verursachen to spare no costs [or expense] keine Kosten scheuen to be worth the expense das Geld wert sein A, CH at the expense of sth auf Kosten einer S. Gen to go to great expense sich Akk in Unkosten stürzen to put sb to expense jdm Kosten verursachen at sb's expense [or at the expense of sb] auf jds Kosten blow the expense, we'll take it! scheiß auf die Kosten, wir nehmen es! derb to have fun at sb's expense sich Akk auf jds Kosten amüsieren

Answer 462

seize [siːz] ♦ verb 1 to take or grasp suddenly, especially by force: She seized the gun from him; He seized her by the arm; He seized the opportunity of leaving. مصادره كردن 2 to take, especially by force or by law: The police seized the stolen property. بازداشت كردن ˈseizure [-ʒə] ♦ noun the act of seizing: seizure of property. مصادره seize on to accept with enthusiasm: I suggested a cycling holiday, and he seized on the idea. غنيمت شمردن seize up (of machinery etc ) to get stuck and stop working: The car seized up yesterday. قفل كردن؛گريپاژ كردن seize is spelt with -ei- (not -ie- ). /sēz/ vi., vt. ● (در اصل - فئودالیته) قانونا مالک تیول شناختن seized of lands مالک قانونی تیول‌ها ● مصادره کردن،توقیف کردن،بازداشت کردن،دستگیر کردن to seize smuggled goods کالاهای قاچاق را مصادره کردن to seize a criminal suspect متهم به جرم را دستگیر کردن the allies seized and punished war criminals متفقین جنایتکاران جنگ را گرفتند و مجازات کردند. ● به زور به دست آوردن،زورگیری کردن،خلع ید کردن،فروگرفتن to seize power به زور به قدرت رسیدن the government seized control of oil companies دولت شرکت‌های نفتی را خلع ید کرد. ● محکم گرفتن،قاپیدن،در ربودن the hero seized the girl in his arms قهرمان دختر را محکم در آغوش کشید. ● (ناگهان) مستولی شدن،(فکر کسی را) تصرف کردن an idea seized him اندیشه‌ای بر او مستولی شد. she was seized by the thought of revenge فکر انتقام سرتاسر وجودش را فراگرفت. ● (ناگهان) پی بردن،(به دل کسی) برات شدن،بو بردن as soon as they entered, I seized their intent تا وارد شدند منظورشان به دلم برات شد. ● (به سرعت از فرصت و غیره) استفاده کردن،بهره‌ور شدن they will seize any excuse to stop work آنها از هر بهانه‌ای برای خواباندن کار استفاده خواهند کرد. ● (ناگهان) مورد حمله‌ی بیماری یا سرفه و غیره قرار گرفتن،دچار شدن she was seized with a fit of sneezing ناگهان دچار حمله‌ی عطسه شد. ● (کشتیرانی) به هم بستن (طناب و غیره)،به‌هم گره زدن ● (معمولا با: up - ماشین آلات - در اثر اصطکاک یا حرارت زیاد) گیر کردن،گریپاژ کردن،باز ایستادن،قفل شدن to seize a criminal einen Verbrecher festnehmen to seize a hostage eine Geisel nehmen to seize power die Macht ergreifen to seize on an excuse zu einer Ausrede greifen to grab [or seize] an opportunity eine Gelegenheit ergreifen [o. beim Schopf[e] packen] to seize sb by their hair jdn am Schopf packen to seize sth with both hands etw mit beiden Händen greifen to seize the initiative/an opportunity die Initiative/eine Gelegenheit ergreifen to seize an opportunity with both hands eine Gelegenheit mit beiden Händen ergreifen to seize a fortress/harbour/town eine Festung/einen Hafen/eine Stadt einnehmen [o. erobern] to seize sb by the arm/throat/wrist jdn am Arm/an der Kehle/beim Handgelenk packen

Answer 463

excessive adjective UK /ekˈses.ɪv/ US /ekˈses.ɪv/ C1 too much: Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems. Any more pudding would simply be excessive. too much or too many: Some property owners complained that they were being charged excessive fees. The directive will prevent employees from working excessive hours. Investing offshore is only worthwhile if the costs involved are not excessive. excessive claim übertriebene Forderung excessive zeal Übereifer m excessive taxation Übersteuerung f excessive violence übermäßige Gewalt[anwendung] excessive spending überhöhte Ausgaben excessive familiarity allzu große Vertraulichkeit excessive exercise can cause health problems zu viel Sport kann Gesundheitsschäden verursachen /ek ses´iv, ik-/ adj. ● مفرط،گزاف،کمرشکن،گزافه،بیش از حد،زیادی،زیاده the existence of excessive amounts of fat in the diet وجود چربی بیش از حد در خوراک روزانه Hossein smoked excessively حسین در سیگارکشی افراط کرد. excessive rainfalls بارندگی‌های مفرط the costs were too excessive هزینه‌ها بسیار کمر شکن بود. excessive praise spoils the child تعریف زیادی بچه را لوس می کند.

Answer 464

gradual adjective UK /ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl/ US /ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl/ B2 happening or changing slowly over a long period of time or distance: There has been a gradual improvement in our sales figures over the last two years. As you go further south, you will notice a gradual change of climate. gradual [ˈgradjuəl] ♦ adjective happening gently and slowly: a gradual rise in temperature. تدریجی ˈgradually ♦ adverb His health is gradually improving. به تدریج /gra´jōō ǝl, -joo wǝl, -jǝ wǝl/ adj., n. ● تدریجی،کم کم،اندک اندک (بر عکس ناگهان یا یک دفعه)،نرم نرمک a gradual change of temperature تغییر تدریجی حرارت ● (اغلب G بزرگ) کتاب سرودهای انجیل (که در مراسم کلیسا سروده می‌شود)،کتاب سرود و موسیقی کلیسای کاتولیک (Romanum Graduale هم می‌گفتند) ● شیب آهسته،ملایم،یک روال a gradual slope شیب ملایم gradually they got used to each other تدریجا به هم خو گرفتند. slow, measured, unhurried, cautious, piecemeal, step-by-step, progressive, continuous, systematic, steady gentle, moderate, slight, easy

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chase verb (MOVE FAST) [ I usually + adv/prep ] to hurry or run in various directions: She couldn't study with the children chasing around the house. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases chase verb (TRY TO GET) C2 [ T ] to try to get something that is difficult to get or achieve: It's depressing how many people there are chasing so few jobs. After years of chasing her dreams, she finally got a part in a film. [ I or T ] to try very hard to persuade someone to have a relationship with you: She's always chasing (after) men. B2 [ T + adv/prep ] to run after a person or an animal in a threatening way in order to make him, her, or it leave: He used to chase the children away from his apple trees. She's always chasing cats out of the garden to protect her precious birds chase [tʃeis] ♦ verb 1 to run after; to pursue: He chased after them but did not catch them; We chased them by car. تعقیب کردن 2 (with away, ~off etc ) to cause to run away: I often have to chase the boys away from my fruit trees. فراری دادن؛ دور کردن ♦ noun 1 an act of chasing: We caught him after a 120 kph chase. تعقیب 2 hunting (of animals): the pleasures of the chase. شکار give chase to chase: The thieves ran off and the policeman gave chase. تعقیب کردن [CHās] noun - chase تعقیب: chase, pursuit, following, action, tailing, continuation شکار: prey, hunt, predation, catch, chase, game verb - chase وادار به فرار کردن: chase دنبال کردن: pursue, follow, track, trace, chase, follow out تعقیب کردن: pursue, chase, follow, chevy, sue, chivvy شکار کردن: hunt, chase car chase Autoverfolgungsjagd f to chase the dragon sl Heroin nehmen to chase the game das Spiel antreiben [o. vorwärtstreiben] to chase one's dreams seinen Träumen nachjagen to chase after women übtr hinter den Frauen her sein to chase one's tail herumwuseln regional go chase yourself! ugs scher dich zum Teufel! ugs to cut to the chase Am ugs auf den Punkt kommen the thrill of the chase übtr die Lust an der Verführung to give chase to sb jdn verfolgen to chase sb/sth out of sth jdn/etw aus etw Dat verscheuchen to chase sb away from sth jdn von etw Dat vertreiben to lead sb a merry chase Am jdn an der Nase herumführen to cut to the chase right away Am ugs es sofort auf den Punkt bringen to chase sb [up] to do sth jdm Dampf machen, damit er/sie etw tut ugs to send sb on a wild goose chase jdn auf eine sinnlose Suche schicken

Answer 466

hesitate [ˈheziteit] ♦ verb 1 to pause briefly eg because of uncertainty: He hesitated before answering; The diver hesitated for a minute on the diving-board. تأمل كردن 2 to be unwilling (to do something) eg because one is not sure it is right: I hesitate to say he lied but he certainly misled me; Don't hesitate to tell me if you have any complaints. دودل بودن ˈhesitancy ♦ noun the tendency to hesitate. ترديد ˈhesitant ♦ adjective making or having frequent hesitations: a hesitant speaker; I'm hesitant to tell her she's wrong. مردد ˈhesitantly ♦ adverb . با ترديد ˌhesiˈtation ♦ noun 1 an act of hesitating. تأمل 2 unwillingness or uncertainty. دودلی /hez´i tāt´/ vi. ● تردید کردن،اندیدن،دو دل بودن،مردد بودن،این دست و آن دست کردن no qualified student should hesitate to register هیچ دانشجوی واجد شرایط نباید در نام‌نویسی تردید کند. those who hesitated lost the opportunity کسانی که دو دل بودند فرصت را از دست دادند. ● درنگ کردن،مکث کردن she hesitated a moment and then said, "yes" او لحظه‌ای درنگ کرد و سپس گفت: ((آری)) the deer hesitated and then disappeared in the forest آهو مکث کرد و سپس در جنگل ناپدید شد. ● مطمئن نبودن،بی‌میل بودن I'd hesitate before accepting that offer درباره‌ی قبول آن پیشنهاد مطمئن نیستم. hesitating to ask personal questions بی‌میل نسبت به پرسیدن سوالهای شخصی ● من‌من کردن،(هنگام سخن گفتن) مکث کردن،لکنت داشتن [ˈheziˌtāt] verb - hesitate تامل کردن: boggle, reflect, hesitate مردد بودن: be uncertain, be unsure, hesitate, linger, oscillate, vacillate بی میل بودن: irk, hesitate درنگ کردن: tarry, demur, stick around, hesitate, let, linger بالکنت گفتن: hotter, falter, hesitate, stammer پابپا کردن: dribble, hesitate don't hesitate to call me ruf mich einfach an don't hesitate over such trivial matters! zögere nicht wegen solcher Kleinigkeiten! if I had any money, I would not hesitate wenn ich [etwas] Geld hätte, würde ich nicht zögern if you need help, don't hesitate to ask [or you only have to ask ] wenn Sie Hilfe brauchen, sagen Sie es nur

Answer 467

surface [ˈsəːfis] ♦ noun 1 the outside part (of anything): Two-thirds of the earth's surface is covered with water; This road has a very uneven surface. سطح 2 the outward appearance of, or first impression made by, a person or thing: On the surface he seems cold and unfriendly, but he's really a kind person. ظاهر ♦ verb 1 to put a surface on (a road etc ): The road has been damaged by frost and will have to be surfaced again. رويه كشيدن 2 (of a submarine, diver etc ) to come to the surface. روي آب آمدن surface mail mail sent by ship, train etc and not by aeroplane. پست زميني /su_r´fis/ n., adj., vi., vt. ● رو،برونه،نما،پوسته،بالایه،پوشش the surface of the earth is uneven پوسته‌ی زمین ناهموار است. ● (جسم هندسی و غیره) وجه the octagonal surfaces of diamond وجوه هشت ضلعی الماس ● ظاهر،چهر،رخ،سیما the surface of the society seems calm ظاهر جامعه آرام به نظر می‌رسد. ● رجوع شود به: airfoil ● سطح،رویه،پهنه a plane surface سطح صاف water surface سطح آب a spherical surface سطح کروی the smooth surface of the table سطح صیقلی میز ● وابسته به سطح،سطحی،کم ژرفا a surface mine کان کم ژرفا،معدن سطحی ● ظاهری،صوری surface friendship دوستی ظاهری ● وابسته به سطح آب،روآبی surface vessels ناوهای روآبی ● زمینی دریایی (در برابر: هوایی یا زیرآبی) surface transportation حمل و نقل زمینی دریایی surface mail is cheaper than airmail پست زمینی دریایی از پست هوایی ارزانتر است. surface forces نیروهای زمینی دریایی ● رو آمدن یا آوردن،به سطح آوردن یا آمدن،بالا (یا بیرون) دادن the well surfaces more than 3000 gallons of water a minute این چاه هر دقیقه بیش از 3000 گالن آب بیرون می‌دهد. the submarine surfaced زیر دریایی روآمد. ● آشکار شدن gradually the truth surfaced کم‌کم واقعیت هویدا شد. ● پوشاندن،روکش کردن،(با آسفالت و غیره) فرش کردن،روسازی یا روکاری کردن the towers are surfaced with steel plates برج‌ها را با ورق‌های پولاد پوشانده‌اند. to surface a road جاده را (مثلا با اسفالت) روکش کردن the wall is surfaced with stone روکار دیوار سنگی است. * on the surface ظاهرا،تا آنجا که به نظر می‌رسد on the surface their friendship is strong ظاهرا دوستی آنها مستحکم است. [ˈsərfis] noun - surface سطح: level, surface, area, plane, face, external رویه: procedure, surface, scheme, tack, method, cover تراز: balance, level, flush, surface, slight, surface plate بیرون: similitude, surface نما: facing, view, front, exponent, face, surface adjective - surface سطحی: surface, superficial, shallow, planar, sketchy, skin-deep verb - surface بالا آمدن: rise, go up, upheave, uprise, surface جلا دادن: polish, burnish, furbish, japan, surface, varnish تسطیح کردن: grade, flatten, surface surface-to-air/surface-to-surface missile Boden-Luft-/Boden-Boden-Rakete f abrasive surface raue Oberfläche specific surface CHEM spezifische Oberfläche lumpy surface unebene Oberfläche surface fleet Überwasserflotte f road surface Straßendecke f polished surface polierte [Ober]fläche surface ships Überwasserfahrzeuge pl to surface a road eine Straße asphaltieren to surface a room einen Raum auslegen cationic surface agent Kationtensid nt an even surface eine glatte Oberfläche finished metal surface polierte Metalloberfläche finished wooden surface ebenmäßige Holzoberfläche by surface mail auf dem Landweg [o. Seeweg] interfacial surface polycondensation Grenzflächenpolykondensation f the earth's surface die Erdoberfläche on the surface äußerlich [o. oberflächlich] betrachtet a curved surface eine gewölbte Oberflächev

Answer 468

etiquette noun [ U ] UK /ˈet.ɪ.ket/ US /ˈet̬.ɪ.kɪt/ the set of rules or customs that control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations: Social etiquette dictates that men cannot sit while women are standing. Diplomatic etiquette forbids calling for the death of a national leader. etiquette [ˈetiket] ♦ noun rules for correct or polite behaviour between people, or within certain professions: medical/legal etiquette. آداب معاشرت /et´i kit, -ket´/ n. ● (رفتار و مراسمی که طبق سنت یا قرارداد اجتماعی مقبول می‌باشد) آداب،مبادی آداب،آدابدانی،آیین همزیستی،آداب معاشرت dinner-table etiquette آداب میز نهارخوری medical etiquette آداب حرفه‌ی پزشکی (آداب مورد پسند در حرفه‌ی پزشکی) diplomatic etiquette آداب (یا نزاکت) دیپلماسی ● تشریفات و ضوابط اخلاقی،اصول آدابدانیß

Answer 469

assemble [əˈsembl] ♦ verb 1 (of people) to come together: The crowd assembled in the hall. گرد آمدن؛ تشکیل جلسه دادن 2 to call or bring together: He assembled his family and told them of his plan. دور هم جمع کردن 3 to put together (a machine etc ): He assembled the model aeroplane. سوار کردن اجزای چیزی asˈsembly ♦ noun 1 a collection of people (usually for a particular purpose): a legislative assembly; The school meets for morning assembly at 8.30. تجمع 2 the act of assembling or putting together. گردهمایی؛ جلسه /-bǝl/ vt., vi. ● گردآوردن،گردهم آوردن،فراهم آوردن،گروه کردن،جلسه تشکیل دادن،همنشست کردن،چپیره شدن all the deputies were assembled in the hall همه‌ی نمایندگان در سالن جمع شده بودند. they assemble three times a year آنها سالی سه بار همنشست (جلسه) می‌کنند. wait until all the guests are assembled صبرکن تا همه‌ی مهمانان جمع شوند (بیایند). ● (ماشین آلات) سوار کردن،جورکردن (اجزای چیزی) engineers assembled the parts of the engine مهندسان قطعات موتور را به هم سوار کردند. ● (کامپیوتر) تبدیل به زبان کامپیوتری کردن،(برنامه) هم‌گذارد کردن [əˈsembəl] verb - assemble سوار کردن: mount, pickup, assemble, pick, take in, help to ride جمع شدن: gather, backlog, snuggle, retract, congregate, assemble فراهم اوردن: assemble, collect, gather همگذاردن: assemble انباشتن: accumulate, stack, fill, stuff, cumulate, assemble گرد اوردن: amass, assemble, collect, compile, troop جفت کردن: mortise, dovetail, couple, accompany, assemble, geminate گرد امدن: agglomerate, assemble, constringe, convene, flock, forgather انجمن کردن: assemble متراکم کردن: amass, condense, compress, collect, congest, assemble to assemble troops Truppen zusammenziehen to assemble people Menschen zusammenkommen lassen to assemble parts of a model plane Teile eines Modellflugzeugs zusammensetzen it's a real fiddle to assemble because of all the small parts all die kleinen Teile machen das Zusammensetzen ganz schön schwierig ugs

Answer 470

persuasive adjective UK /pəˈsweɪ.sɪv/ US /pɚˈsweɪ.sɪv/ C1 making you want to do or believe a particular thing: a persuasive speaker/speech Your arguments are very persuasive. He can be very persuasive. persuasively persuasiveness [-ziv,pərˈswāsiv] adjective - persuasive متقاعد کننده: convincing, persuasive, cogent مجاب کننده: persuasive تشویقی: persuasive, hortative, hortatory وادار کننده: impellent, persuasive noun - persuasive متقاعد کننده: persuasive مناسبت: relation, reason, relationship, connection, urge, persuasive /pǝr swā´siv/ adj. ● وادار کننده،وادارگر،متقاعد کننده،مجاب کننده،پذیراننده،قانع کننده his reasoning was persuasive استدلال او قانع کننده بود. a persuasive speaker یک سخنران متقاعد کننده persuasive überzeugend persuasive powers (of talking into) Überredungskünste pl persuasive powers (of convincing) Überzeugungskraft f

Answer 471

state1 [steit] ♦ noun 1 the condition in which a thing or person is: the bad state of the roads; The room was in an untidy state; He inquired about her state of health; What a state you're in!; He was not in a fit state to take the class. وضع 2 a country considered as a political community, or, as in the United States, one division of a federation: The Prime Minister visits the Queen once a week to discuss affairs of state; The care of the sick and elderly is considered partly the responsibility of the state; (also adjective ) The railways are under state control; state-controlled / owned industries. مملكت 3 ceremonial dignity and splendour: The Queen, wearing her robes of state, drove in a horse-drawn coach to Westminster; (also adjective ) state occasions/banquets. تشريفات رسمي ˈstately ♦ adjective noble, dignified and impressive in appearance or manner: She is tall and stately; a stately house. رسمي ˈstateliness ♦ noun . شكوه ˈstatesman [ˈsteits-] ♦ noun a person who plays an important part in the government of a state. دولتمرد ˈstatesmanlike [ˈsteits-] ♦ adjective showing the qualities of a good statesman. دولتمرد مانند ˈstatesmanship [ˈsteits-] ♦ noun skill in directing the affairs of a state. دولتمردي get into a state to become very upset or anxious. نگران شدن lie in state (of a corpse) to be laid in a place of honour for the public to see, before burial. دراز كشيدن در جمع state1 [steit] ♦ noun 1 the condition in which a thing or person is: the bad state of the roads; The room was in an untidy state; He inquired about her state of health; What a state you're in!; He was not in a fit state to take the class. وضع 2 a country considered as a political community, or, as in the United States, one division of a federation: The Prime Minister visits the Queen once a week to discuss affairs of state; The care of the sick and elderly is considered partly the responsibility of the state; (also adjective ) The railways are under state control; state-controlled / owned industries. مملكت 3 ceremonial dignity and splendour: The Queen, wearing her robes of state, drove in a horse-drawn coach to Westminster; (also adjective ) state occasions/banquets. تشريفات رسمي ˈstately ♦ adjective noble, dignified and impressive in appearance or manner: She is tall and stately; a stately house. رسمي ˈstateliness ♦ noun . شكوه ˈstatesman [ˈsteits-] ♦ noun a person who plays an important part in the government of a state. دولتمرد ˈstatesmanlike [ˈsteits-] ♦ adjective showing the qualities of a good statesman. دولتمرد مانند ˈstatesmanship [ˈsteits-] ♦ noun skill in directing the affairs of a state. دولتمردي get into a state to become very upset or anxious. نگران شدن lie in state (of a corpse) to be laid in a place of honour for the public to see, before burial. دراز كشيدن در جمع * The Chavez family joined thousands of other farm workers who traveled around the state of California, to harvest crops for farm owners. خانواده‌ی چاوز به هزاران کارگر مزرعه‌ی دیگر پیوستند که در سرتاسر کالیفرنیا سفر می‌کردند تا محصول را برای مزرعه‌داران برداشت کنند. * Conservation is a state of harmony between men and land.(Aldo Leopold) حفاظت، وضعیت توازن میان انسان و زمین است.(آلدو لئوپولد) * In 1948, a Jewish state was founded. در سال 1948، دولتی یهودی تاسیس گردید. * She was in a piteous state. او در شرایط ترحم انگیزی است. /stāt/ n., adj., vt. ● وضع،حالت،(جمع) شرایط،ایستانه I saw him in a state of poverty او را در حالت فقر دیدم. her financial state وضع مالی او the state of my health وضع سلامتی من a state of total bliss حالت خوشی کامل ● (اجسام و مواد)حالت،بودش the solid and liquid states (حالات) جامد و مایع water in a vaporous state آب به شکل بخار ● مقام،زینه،مرتبه،درجه،جلال،جبروت،رتبه،مرحله the larval state of this insect مرحله‌ی لیسه بودن این حشره luxuries befitting the state of a king تجملاتی که لایق مقام یک سلطان است ● (گاهی S بزرگ) دولت،نظام حاکم،حکومت،هیات حاکمه the separation of church and State جدا سازی کلیسا از دولت a fascist State حکومت فاشیستی the State interfered in every aspect of people's lives دولت در همه کار مردم دخالت می‌کرد. ● (معمولا S بزرگ - در کشورهای فدرال) ایالت،استان،کانتون Germany is composed of a few States آلمان از چند ایالت تشکیل شده است. the States of Switzerland are called canton ایالت‌های سوئیس را کانتون می‌نامند. ● (معمولا S بزرگ) کشور،مملکت،ملک an independent State کشور مستقل ... that covets the Kiani State ... که ملک کیانی کند آرزو ● وابسته به دولت،دولتی،حکومتی matters of state موضوعات دولتی the limits of state interference in the private affairs of the people حدود دخالت دولت در امور خصوصی مردم state ownership of the means of production مالکیت دولتی وسایل تولید ● رسمی،وابسته به مراسم رسمی،تشریفاتی،مجلل،پر شکوه she rode in state to her coronation با تشریفات کامل به محل تاجگذاری خود رفت. ● (واضح) تعیین کردن،معین کردن،مقرر کردن،قید کردن no date was stated in your invitaion در دعوت نامه‌ی شما تاریخ قید نشده بود. at the stated hour در ساعت مقرر ● اظهار کردن،گوشزد کردن،بیان کردن،گفتن،گزاره کردن،ذکر کردن to state one's objectives هدف‌های خود را گفتن to state in prose the meaning of a poem معنی شعر را به صورت نثر بیان کردن State's evidence Am Aussage f eines Staatszeugen [o. Belastungszeugen] state police Polizei eines US-Bundesstaates economic state wirtschaftliche Lage married state Ehestand m state support staatliche Unterstützung state monopoly staatliches Monopol state religion Staatsreligion f state subsidy [staatliche] Subvention natural state Naturzustand m state ownership staatliches Eigentum state banquet Staatsbankett nt state secret also übtr Staatsgeheimnis nt state records Regierungsunterlagen pl single state Leben nt als Single state document Regierungsdokument nt successor state Nachfolgestaat m conscious state [volles] Bewusstsein state visit Staatsbesuch m State Capitol Parlamentsgebäude nt

Answer 472

US UK AU sew [səu]– past tense sewed ; past participle sewn – ♦ verb to make, stitch or attach with thread, using a needle: She sewed the pieces together; Have you sewn my button on yet? دوختن ˈsewer ♦ noun She's a good sewer. خياط ˈsewing ♦ noun 1 the activity of sewing: I was taught sewing at school. خياطي 2 work to be sewn: She picked up a pile of sewing. تمرين براي خياط شدن ˈsewing-machine ♦ noun a machine for sewing. چرخ خياطي sew up to fasten completely or mend by sewing. دوخت و دوز كردن sewn up completely settled or arranged: The contract is all sewn up. راست و ريس كردن to sew (not sow ) a button on. /sō/ vt., vi. ● دوختن،کوک زدن she sews her own clothes او لباس‌هایش را خودش می‌دوزد. ● دوزندگی کردن،خیاطی کردن Javad sews for a living جواد با خیاطی امرار معاش می‌کند. ● بخیه زدن * sew up 1- دوختن و بستن،دوختن و پوشاندن 2- (عامیانه) حتما برنده بودن،با موفقیت به انجام رساندن 3 to sew up the market den Markt unter seine Kontrolle bringen to sew up a hole ein Loch zunähen to sew on a patch einen Flicken aufnähen to sew a button on einen Knopf annähen she taught me to sew sie hat mir das Nähen beigebracht it's going to take another week or two to sew up this deal man wird noch eine oder zwei Wochen brauchen, um den Deal perfekt zu machen- منحصر کردن

Answer 473

bet [bet]– past tense, past participles bet, ~ˈbetted – ♦ verb (often with on ) to gamble (usually with money) eg on a racehorse: I'm betting on that horse. شرط بستن؛ قمار کردن ♦ noun 1 an act of betting: I won my bet. شرط بندی 2 a sum of money betted: Place your bets. مبلغ شرط بندی an even bet an equal chance. شانس برابر take a bet(often with on) to bet: Are you willing to take a bet on whether he'll come or not? شرط بندی کردن you bet certainly; of course. حتماً؛ اختیار دارید bet [bet]– past tense, past participles bet, ~ˈbetted – ♦ verb (often with on ) to gamble (usually with money) eg on a racehorse: I'm betting on that horse. شرط بستن؛ قمار کردن ♦ noun 1 an act of betting: I won my bet. شرط بندی 2 a sum of money betted: Place your bets. مبلغ شرط بندی an even bet an equal chance. شانس برابر take a bet(often with on) to bet: Are you willing to take a bet on whether he'll come or not? شرط بندی کردن you bet certainly; of course. حتماً؛ اختیار دارید * Tom bet Mary dinner that it doesn't rain this week. تام با ماری سر یک شام شرط بستند که این هفته بارون نمی یاد. you bet! ugs das kannst du mir aber glauben! I'll bet! (as a reply) und ob! to take a bet eine Wette annehmen to bet each-way auf Sieg oder Platz setzen sb's best bet ugs das Beste, was jd tun kann an evens bet eine Eins-zu-eins-Wette to bet heavily hoch wetten each-way bet Sieg- oder Platzwette f

Answer 474

fault [foːlt] ♦ noun 1 a mistake; something for which one is to blame: The accident was your fault. تقصیر 2 an imperfection; something wrong: There is a fault in this machine; a fault in his character. نقص 3 a crack in the rock surface of the earth: faults in the earth's crust. گسل ♦ verb to find fault with: I couldn't fault him / his piano-playing. مقصر دانستن ˈfaultless ♦ adjective without fault; perfect: a faultless performance. بی عیب و نقص ˈfaultlessly ♦ adverb . بطور کامل ˈfaulty ♦ adjective (usually of something mechanical) not made or working correctly. ناقص؛ اشتباه at fault wrong or to blame: She was at fault. مقصر find fault with to criticize or complain of: She is always finding fault with the way he eats. ایراد گرفتن to a fault to too great an extent: She was generous to a fault. بیش از حد /fôlt/ n., vt., vi. ● عیب،کاستی،آهو،نقص،کمبود،کمداشت there is a fault in the engine موتور عیب دارد. ... his fault andvirtues are hidden .... عیب و هنرش نهفته باشد your plan has many faults نقشه‌ی شما کاستی‌های زیادی دارد. ● تقصیر،گناه،خطا،رمژک،مانید،کوتاهی،پرویش it is not my fault تقصیر من نیست. the fault, dear Bruts, is not in our stars, but in ourselves that we are underlings (شکسپیر) تقصیر،ای بروتوس عزیز در اختران ما نیست بلکه این خود ما هستیم که فرومایه‌ایم. it is his fault that they are late دیر آمدن آنها به خاطر اوست. ● (برق ـ عیب در مدار که جلو جریان برق را در مسیر دلخواه می‌گیرد) خرابی مدار ● (زمین شناسی) گسله the huge faults running across California گسله‌های عظیمی که در سرتاسر کالیفرنیا امتداد دارد. ● (ورزش‌های با راکت مانند تنیس) سر و خطا،توپی که به خطا سرو شده است ● عیبجویی کردن،خرده گرفتن،خرده گیری کردن،کاستی‌یابی کردن،انتقاد کردن،تقصیر را به گردن کسی نهادن،ایراد گرفتن،عیب گرفتن you can't fault the weather for the accident تقصیر این حادثه را نمی‌توان به گردن هوای بد انداخت. her singing could not be faulted آواز او نقص نداشت (کسی نمی‌توانست از آواز او عیب بگیرد). her arguments were logical and it was hard to fault them استدلال‌های او منطقی بودند و خرده‌گیری از آنها سخت بود. ● (زمین شناسی) گسله ایجاد کردن * at fault (or in fault) 1- تقصیرکار،مقصر،گناهکار،رمژکدار،مانیدکار I have to find out who is at fault باید بفهمم تقصیرکار کیست. 2- سرگردان،بدون چاره * for (the) fault of (مهجور) به واسطه‌ی فقدان،در فقدان،به خاطر کم‌داشت * find fault (with) عیبجویی کردن،خرده‌گیری کردن،خرده گرفتن،ایراد گرفتن،عیب یافتن we found many faults with the new bridge ما عیوب زیادی را در پل جدید پیدا کردیم. she is always trying to find fault with me او همیشه می‌کوشد از من ایراد بگیرد. * to a fault زیاده،زیادی،بحد افراط،بیش از حد she is cautious to a fault او بیش از حد محتاط است. * with all faults بدون تضمین بی‌عیب و نقص بودن،همینطور که هست،چکی merchandise sold with all faults کالایی که بدون تضمین به فروش می‌رسد noun - fault نقص: defect, deficiency, handicap, fault, imperfection, weakness خطا: error, fault, mistake, miss, sin, transgression تقصیر: fault, guilt, offense, crime, error, delinquency عیب: fault, flaw, defect, blemish, deficiency, vice اشتباه: wrong, mistake, error, fault, fumble, boo گسله: fault گناه: sin, guilt, crime, fault, offense, blame کاستی: defect, deficiency, shortcoming, flaw, fault, extenuation شکست زمین: fault چینه: stratum, enclosure, bait, clay wall, fault, folium حرج: fault, sin نا درستی: dishonesty, cross, fault, improbity, inaccuracy, incompetence verb - fault تقصیر کردن: fault مقصر دانستن: blame, attaint, fault, inculpate design fault Konstruktionsfehler m foot fault Fußfehler m fault called! Fehler! double fault Doppelfehler m to be at fault im Unrecht sein to call a fault einen Fehler anzeigen it's all your fault nur du bist schuld daran it's your own fault du bist selbst schuld daran it's hardly my fault! ich kann ja wohl kaum was dafür! his/her main fault seine/ihre größte Schwäche no-fault insurance Vollkaskoversicherung f no-fault compensation Vollkaskoentschädigung electrical/technical fault elektrischer/technischer Defekt this is entirely his fault das ist ausschließlich sein Fehler a fault in sb's character jds Charakterfehler you can't fault her arguments gegen ihre Argume

Answer 475

merit noun [ C or U ] UK /ˈmer.ɪt/ US /ˈmer.ɪt/ C1 formal the quality of being good and deserving praise: an entertaining film with little artistic merit Her ideas have merit. Brierley's book has the merit of being both informative and readable. the merits of something the advantages something has compared to something else: We discussed the merits of herbal tea. on your (own) merits according to the qualities you have or have shown, without considering any other information or comparing you to someone else: The committee will consider each applicant on his or her own merits. merit [ˈmerit] ♦ noun 1 the quality of worth, excellence or praiseworthiness: He reached his present position through merit. لیاقت 2 a good point or quality: His speech had at least the merit of being short. شایستگی ♦ verb to deserve as reward or punishment: Your case merits careful consideration. استحقاق داشتن ˌmeriˈtorious [-ˈtoː-] ♦ adjective deserving reward or praise: a meritorious performance. شایسته ترین merit bonus Leistungszulage f Order of Merit Verdienstorden m the film has little artistic merit der Film ist künstlerisch nicht besonders wertvoll she won her promotion on merit sie ist aufgrund ihrer Leistung befördert worden to judge sb on his/her own merit jdn nach seinem/ihrem Verdienst beurteilen candidates are assessed on merit, irrespective of colour Bewerber werden nach Leistung beurteilt, ungeachtet ihrer Hautfarbe

Answer 476

solely adverb UK /ˈsəʊl.li/ US /ˈsoʊl.li/ C1 only and not involving anyone or anything else: I bought it solely for that purpose. It seems he's not solely to blame for the accident. The product's success cannot be attributable solely to the ads. [ˈsōl(l)ē] adverb - solely فقط: only, just, merely, alone, but, solely منحصرا: exclusively, solely, particularly, individually بتنهایی: solely محضا: merely, only, purely, solely sōl´lē/ adv. ● تنها،فقط،به تنهایی،منحصرا he is solely to blame فقط باید او را مقصر دانست. to read solely for pleasure کتاب خواندن تنها به خاطر لذت to be solely responsible for sth die alleinige Verantwortung für etw Akk tragen to be solely in charge of sth für etw Akk allein verantwortlich sein

Answer 477

stack [stӕk] ♦ noun 1 a large, usually neatly shaped, pile eg of hay, straw, wood etc : a haystack. دسته 2 a set of shelves for books eg in a library. قفسه ♦ verb to arrange in a large, usually neat, pile: Stack the books up against the wall. دسته كردن noun - stacking پشتهسازی: stacking to stack the dishes das Geschirr stapeln to stack [or stock] shelves Regale einräumen to stack a dishwasher eine Spülmaschine [o. CH Abwaschmaschine] einräumen to stack hay dated Heu aufschobern to stack shelves Regale auffüllen to stack the cards [or Am deck] jdm übel mitspielen to blow one's lid [or stack] [or top] ugs in die Luft gehen übtr ugs to flip one's lid [or top] [or Am also stack] sl ausrasten sl

Answer 478

painstakingly adverb UK /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪ.kɪŋ.li/ US /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪ.kɪŋ.li/ in a way that shows you have taken a lot of care or made a lot of effort: She painstakingly explained how the machine worked. painstaking effort große Mühe painstaking care äußerste Sorgfalt painstaking research gewissenhafte Forschung painstaking search gründliche Suche

Answer 479

in the long run idiom B2 at a time that is far away in the future: It seems a lot of effort but I'm sure it's the best solution in the long run. in the long run idiom at some time in the future: You may want to quit school now, but in the long run, you’ll regret it. adverb - in the long run سرانجام: finally, eventually, in the long run # * It pays in the long run to buy goods of high quality. خریدن کالاهایی با کیفیت بالا عاقبت کار ساز است.

Answer 480

prevalent adjective UK /ˈprev.əl.ənt/ US /ˈprev.əl.ənt/ existing very commonly or happening often: These diseases are more prevalent among young children. Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent. [ˈprevələnt] adjective - prevalent شایع: prevalent, rampant, widespread, rife, publicized, current رایج: current, prevalent, going, ruling, brisk متداول: common, popular, usual, current, prevalent, ordinary مرسوم: traditional, common, customary, usual, standard, prevalent فائق: surmounting, dominant, superior, predominant, excellent, prevalent برتر: superior, better, premier, preferable, higher, prevalent /prev´ǝ lǝnt/ adj. ● رایج،متداول،باب،مرسوم،رواج دار the beliefs prevalent among these tribes عقاید رایج در میان این طوایف illiteracy is still prevalent in this area بیسوادی هنوز در این ناحیه گسترده است. ● (بیماری) شایع malaria used to be prevalent in Gillan در گیلان مالاریا شایع بود. ● (نادر) موثرتر،پرزورتر،قوی،غالب * prevalence, n. 1- شیوع 2- گستردگی،رواج،عمومیت

Answer 481

encounter noun [ C ] UK /ɪnˈkaʊn.tər/ US /ɪnˈkaʊn.t̬ɚ/ a meeting, especially one that happens by chance: I had an alarming encounter with a wild pig. This meeting will be the first encounter between the party leaders since the election. an occasion when people have sex, usually with someone they have not met before an occasion when two teams play against each other: In their last encounter with Italy, England won 3–2. encounter [inˈkauntə] ♦ verb 1 to meet especially unexpectedly: She encountered the manager in the hall. اتفاقاً برخوردن به 2 to meet with (difficulties etc ): I expect to encounter many difficulties in the course of this job. مواجه شدن؛ برخورد پیدا کردن ♦ noun 1 a meeting: I feel that I know him quite well, even after a brief encounter. برخورد؛ رودررویی 2 a fight: The encounter between the armies was fierce. نبرد؛ رزم [enˈkoun(t)ər] noun - encounter برخورد: collision, encounter, conflict, clash, incidence, meeting مواجهه: encounter, confrontation, meeting face to face رویارویی: encounter ملاقات: meeting, encounter, date تصادف: accident, chance, coincidence, hit, incident, encounter verb - encounter روبرو شدن: encounter, envisage, cross مواجه شدن با: face, meet, encounter رویاروی شدن: encounter, face ملاقات کردن: meet, visit, encounter, have an interview, see تصادف کردن: hurtle, encounter, jar مصادف شدن با: encounter, meet دست بگریبان شدن با: encounter /en koun´tǝr, in-/ vt., vi., n., adj. ● (اتفاقا) برخوردن به I encountered no difficulties به اشکالی برخورد نکردم. to encounter an old acqaintance on the street در خیابان به یک آشنای سابق برخوردن ● (در نبرد یا کشمش و غیره) برخورد پیدا کردن با،مصاف دادن،رودر رو شدن،جلو (کسی) ایستادن we encountered four enemy tanks and forced them to retreat ما با چهار تانک دشمن رو به رو شدیم و آنها را مجبور به عقب‌نشینی کردیم. ● نبرد،مصاف،رزم،مواجهه،رو در رویی،برخورد،درگیری I will never forget my encounter with my school principal هرگز درگیری خودم را با مدیر مدرسه فراموش نخواهم کرد. ● (روان شناسی) وابسته به گروه رویارویی encounter group گروه رویارویی encounter group therapy درمان با گروه رویارویی bruising encounter unerfreuliches Treffen chance encounter zufällige Begegnung verbal encounter Wortgefecht nt to encounter rampant prejudice sich Akk mit zahllosen [o. unzähligen] Vorurteilen konfrontiert sehen to encounter difficulties auf Schwierigkeiten stoßen to encounter danger in Gefahr geraten to encounter difficulties/resistance auf Probleme/Widerstand stoßen fleeting encounter/glance flüchtige Begegnung/flüchtiger Blick to experience [or suffer] [or receive] [or encounter] a setback einen Rückschlag erleiden to encounter sth with deep distrust etw Dat mit großem Misstrauen begegnen

Answer 482

rule of thumb idiom C1 a practical and approximate way of doing or measuring something: A good rule of thumb is that a portion of rice is two handfuls. rule of thumb noun [ C ] US/ˈrul əv ˈθʌm/ plural rules of thumb a method of judging a situation or condition that is not exact but is based on experience: As a rule of thumb, the ice on the lake should be at least two inches thick to support one person.

Answer 483

intricate [ˈintrikət] ♦ adjective complicated: an intricate knitting pattern; intricate details. پیچیده ˈintricately ♦ adverb . بطور پیچیده ˈintricacy– plural ˈintricacies – ♦ noun . پیچیدگی intricate adjective UK /ˈɪn.trɪ.kət/ US /ˈɪn.trə.kət/ having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way: The watch mechanism is extremely intricate and very difficult to repair. The tiled floor is installed in an intricate pattern. with many complicated details that make something difficult to understand: Police officers uncovered an intricate web of deceit. [ˈintrikit] adjective - intricate پیچیده: complex, intricate, wrapped, twisted, involved, rolled بغرنج: complex, complicated, intricate, involved, involute, obscurant درهم و برهم: sloppy, untidy, unorganized, desultory, turbid, intricate مرکب: compound, composite, composed, multiplex, mazy, intricate verb - intricate پیچاندن: contort, twist, wrest, turn, bolt, intricate in´tri kit/ adj. ● بغرنج (به خاطر داشتن روابط یا جزئیات ظریف و درهم پیچیده)،پیچیده an intricate problem مسئله‌ی بغرنج ● (پر از جزئیات ظریف و درهم پیچیده) تو در تو،درهم بافته،ظریف و حساس،ریزآراسته the intricate designs on a butterfly's wing طرح‌های ظریف بال پروانه the intricate structure of a computer chip ساختار ریزآراسته‌ی یک تراشه‌ی کامپیوتر intricate question verzwickte Frage intricate plot verschlungene Handlung an intricate web ein kompliziertes Netzwerk

Answer 484

saturate verb (MAKE WET) [ T often passive ] to make something or someone completely wet: The grass had been saturated by overnight rain. He had cut his leg badly, and his trousers were saturated with/in blood. saturate verb (FILL) [ T ] to fill a thing or place completely so that no more can be added: The police saturated (= a large number of police officers were sent into) the area. saturate the market to provide too much of a product so that there is more of this product available than there are people who want to buy it: Since the US market has now been saturated, drug dealers are looking to Europe. saturate [ˈsӕtʃəreit] ♦ verb 1 to make very wet: Saturate the earth round the plants. خيس كردن 2 to fill completely: The market has been saturated with paintings like that. اشباع كردن satuˈration ♦ noun . اشباع verb - saturate اشباع کردن: saturate, glut, imbue, imbibe, imbrue, impregnate سیر کردن: feed, satiate, sate, fill, revolve, roam اغشتن: smear, gaum, imbrue, imbue, indoctrinate, inoculate to saturate the market den Markt sättigen

Answer 485

[hyo͞oˈristik] adjective - heuristic اکتشافی: exploratory, heuristic, reconnaissance, probative, probatory پی برنده: heuristic ابتکآری: heuristic noun - heuristic کشف کننده: detector, heuristic /hyōō ris´tik/ adj. ● (آموزش و پرورش - کامپیوتر: وابسته به یادگیری عملی از راه تجربه و خطا) آروین آموزانه،آروینی،کاوشی،ذهنی،مکاشفه‌ای heuristic principle آسای آروینی (اصل تحقیقی و تجربی) heuristic adjective specialized UK /hjʊəˈrɪs.tɪk/ US /hjuːˈrɪs.tɪk/ EDUCATION (of a method of teaching) allowing students to learn by discovering things themselves and learning from their own experiences rather than by telling them things COMPUTING arriving at a solution by trying different actions to see if they produce the result that is wanted, rather than using strict rules: A genetic algorithm is a heuristic search that simulates the natural environment of biological and genetic evolution. Shaw introduced a heuristic randomized criterion for computing the forgotten set. heuristic Heurismus heuristic heuristisch

Answer 486

unsettle verb [ T ] UK /ʌnˈset.əl/ US /ʌnˈset̬.əl/ unsettle verb [T] (WORRY) to make someone feel anxious or slightly worried : Even the most experienced batsmen were unsettled by the speed of this bowler. unsettle [anˈsetl] ♦ verb to disturb or upset: Will a change of schools unsettle the child? آشفتن unˈsettled ♦ adjective 1 (of weather) changeable. متغییر 2 anxious or restless: in an unsettled mood. آشفته [ˌənˈsetl] verb - unsettle مغشوش کردن: confuse, adulterate, rile, flummox, mix up, unsettle بر هم زدن: bash, disturb, ruffle, faze, unsettle, overset ناراحت کردن: disquiet, discomfiture, distemper, discomfit, discomfort, unsettle to unsettle sb jdn verunsichern [o. ugs durcheinanderbringen]

Answer 487

thorough adjective UK /ˈθʌr.ə/ US /ˈθɝː.ə/ /ˈθɝː.oʊ/ thorough adjective (CAREFUL) B2 detailed and careful: a thorough revision of the manuscript They did a thorough search of the area but found nothing. thorough adjective US /ˈθɜr·oʊ, ˈθʌr-/ thorough adjective (COMPLETE) with nothing left out or omitted; complete: The district attorney’s office conducted a thorough investigation. The doctor gave him a thorough medical examination. thorough adjective (VERY GREAT) [ not gradable ] (used for emphasis) very great: The meeting was a thorough waste of time. thorough reform durchgreifende Reform thorough description eingehende Beschreibung full [or thorough] investigation umfassende Nachforschungen careful [or exhaustive] [or thorough] search gründliche Suche to receive a thorough briefing genaue Anweisungen erhalten to give sth a thorough going-over flat, house etw gründlich durchsuchen a thorough review of the facts eine gründliche Überprüfung der Tatsachen he behaved like a thorough fool er benahm sich wie ein Vollidiot ugs to have a thorough knowledge of sth ein fundiertes Wissen in etw Dat besitzen it was a thorough waste of time das war reine Zeitverschwendung the firm would clearly benefit from a thorough shake-up in [or of] its public relations department die Firma könnte bei einer völligen Umbesetzung ihrer Werbeabteilung nur gewinnen you need a thorough training to be able to do the job Sie benötigen für diese Arbeit eine umfassende Ausbildung

Answer 488

cynical adjective disapproving UK /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/ US /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/ C2 believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere: She has a pretty cynical view of men. I've always been deeply cynical about politicians. used to say that someone's feelings or emotions are used to your own advantage: She works in that most cynical of industries - advertising. He praises my cooking but it's just a cynical ploy to get me to make him dinner. SPORTS UK specialized not showing fairness or respect to an opposing player: Most of my injuries have come from bad cynical tackles. Cynical fouls by defenders with no intention of playing the ball were the reason referees were asked to get tough in the first place. zynisch cynically a. abw zynisch grinsen to give a cynical grin a. abw cynical [ˈsinikəl] ♦ adjective inclined to believe the worst, especially about people: a cynical attitude. بدبین؛ منفی باف ˈcynically ♦ adverb . با بدبینی ˈcynic ♦ noun a person who believes the worst about everyone: He is a cynic – he thinks no-one is really unselfish. آدم منفی باف؛ آدم بدبین ˈcynicism [-sizəm] ♦ noun . بدگمانی؛ بدبینی /sin´i kǝl/ adj. ● (C بزرگ - فلسفه) کلبی (Cynic) ● (کسی که معتقد است انسان‌ها خودخواه و آزمندند و زندگی ارزشی ندارد) بدبین،بدگمان،منفی باف،دژمان،سگ‌سان،سگ‌سار،دژآگاه he is cynical about finding his watch او امیدی به یافتن ساعت خود ندارد. he was cynical about marriage او نسبت به ازدواج بدبین بود. don't be so cynical! اینقدر دژمان مباش‌! bankruptcy made him cynical about everything and everyone ورشکستگی او را نسبت به همه چیز و همه کس دژمان کرد. ● طعنه‌آمیز،نیشخند آمیز،تلخ [ˈsinikəl] adjective - cynical کلبی: cynic, cynical خیره چشم: cocksy, cocky, cynic, cynical, defiant, graceless

Answer 489

tribute [ˈtribjuːt] ♦ noun (an) expression of praise, thanks etc : This statue has been erected as a tribute to a great man; We must pay tribute to his great courage. سپاس؛ قدردانی be a tribute to to be the (praiseworthy) result of: The success of the scheme is a tribute to his hard work. پاداش چیزی بودن [ˈtribyo͞ot] noun - tribute احترام: respect, honor, regard, tribute, reverence, respectability خراج: tribute, tax, levy, anthrax, abscess, spendthrift باج: tribute, toll, imposition, tax, impost, scot تکریم: reverence, respect, tribute, veneration, glorification, magnificatio /trib´yōōt/ n. ● خراج،ساو،گزیت،جزیه،باج ● (فئودالیسم) مالیات رعیت به خان یا ارباب کل ● به زور ستانی،باج سبیل،پول زور ● سپاس،قدردانی،بزرگداشت،سپاسگزاری two thousand soldiers marched in tribute to their fallen comrades دو هزار سرباز برای بزرگداشت همرزمان مقتول خود رژه رفتند. * pay tribute to ادای احترام کردن نسبت به،بزرگداشت کردن،قدردانی کردن speakers paid tribute to the retired teacher and his devoted service سخنرانان نسبت به معلم بازنشسته و خدمات بی شایبه‌ی او اظهار قدردانی کردند. tribute noun UK /ˈtrɪb.juːt/ US /ˈtrɪb.juːt/ tribute noun (RESPECTFUL ACTION) C2 [ C or U ] something that you say, write, or give that shows your respect and admiration for someone, especially on a formal occasion: Tributes have been pouring in from all over the world for the famous actor who died yesterday. floral tributes (= flowers sent to someone's funeral) pay tribute to someone/something C2 to praise someone or something: The minister paid tribute to the men who had fought the blaze. be a tribute to something/someone to show clearly how good, strong, or effective something or someone is: I've never met a five-year-old as well behaved as your son - he's a tribute to you! It is a tribute to his determination over his 22 years that he has achieved so much. jdm seinen Tribut zollen to pay tribute to sb etw Dat Tribut zollen to pay tribute to sth

Answer 490

postulate verb [ I or T ] formal UK /ˈpɒs.tʃə.leɪt/ US /ˈpɑːs.tʃə.leɪt/ to suggest a theory, idea, etc. as a basic principle from which a further idea is formed or developed: [ + that ] It was the Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, who postulated that the earth was at the centre of the universe. postulate verb [ T ] fml US /ˈpɑs·tʃəˌleɪt/ to suggest or accept that a theory or idea is true as a starting point for reasoning or discussion: [ + that clause ] Astronomers postulate that the comet will reappear in 4000 years. postulate noun [ C ] US /ˈpɑs·tʃə·lɪt, -ˌleɪt/ fml He suggested an original and interesting postulate. /päs´tyōō lāt´, -tyǝ-; -choo-/ n., vt. ● اصل قرار دادن،مبنا قرار دادن the road building program postulates a doubling of oil income برنامه‌ی راه‌سازی براین اصل استوار است که درآمد نفت دوبرابر خواهد شد. ● بدیهی پنداشتن،مسلم فرض کردن،بنداشت کردن finding fresh leaves postulates the existence of plants in this region یافتن برگ تازه وجود گیاه را در این ناحیه بدیهی می‌سازد. ● مطالبه کردن،ادعا کردن،داعیه داشتن he postulated supremacy over our nation او داعیه‌ی چیرگی بر ملت ما را داشت. noun - postulate قیاس منطقی: postulate, syllogism, postulation, proposition, noetics انگاره: idea, tenet, pattern, postulate, sketch, croquis پذیره: postulate ادعا: claim, assertion, allegation, purport, pretension, postulate تقاضا: demand, request, requirement, plea, requisition, postulate درخواست: request, application, demand, appeal, solicitation, postulate verb - postulate مسلم فرض کردن: postulate فرض نمودن: postulate لازم دانستن: postulate, require قیاس منطقی کردن: postulate Postulat Pos·tu·lat das Postulat SUBST geh. 1. eine (moralische) Forderung Das ist ein Postulat der Vernunft. 2. eine wissenschaftliche Behauptung oder Annahme von einem Postulat ausgehen, ohne es beweisen zu können 3. schweiz. Bezeichnung für den parlamentarischen Auftrag an den Bundesrat, zu prüfen, ob ein Gesetz oder Beschlussentwurf vorzulegen oder eine Maßnahme zu

Answer 491

suspect [səˈspekt] ♦ verb 1 to think (a person etc ) guilty: Whom do you suspect (of the crime)?; I suspect him of killing the girl. پنداشتن 2 to distrust: I suspected her motives / air of honesty. مشكوك شدن 3 to think probable: I suspect that she's trying to hide her true feelings; I began to suspect a plot. حدس زدن ♦ noun [ˈsaspekt] a person who is thought guilty: There are three possible suspects in this murder case. متهم ♦ adjective not trustworthy: I think his statement is suspect. مظنون suspicion [səˈspiʃən] ♦ noun 1 the process of suspecting or being suspected; the/a feeling causing a person to suspect: They looked at each other with suspicion; I have a suspicion that she is not telling the truth. سوء ظن 2 a slight quantity or trace: There was a suspicion of triumph in his tone. نشانه suspicious [səˈspiʃəs] ♦ adjective 1 having or showing suspicion: I'm always suspicious of men like him; a suspicious glance. بد گمان 2 causing or arousing suspicion: suspicious circumstances. مشكوك suspiciously [səˈspiʃəsli] ♦ adverb . از روي بدگماني suˈspiciousness ♦ noun . بدگماني /sǝ spekt´, sus´pekt´/ vt., vi., adj., n. ● مشکوک شدن یا بودن (به)،سوظن بردن،بدگمان شدن،اعتماد نکردن،شک کردن،ظنین بودن they suspect him of theft به او سوظن دزدی دارند. I suspect the truth of her statements من به صحت گفته‌های او بدگمان هستم. I suspect him نسبت به او شک دارم. ● گمان کردن،حدس زدن،پنداشتن،محتمل شمردن،احتمال دادن I suspect they want to sell their house گمان می‌کنم می‌خواهند خانه‌ی خود را بفروشند. as the doctor had suspected, the patient had cancer همانطور که دکتر حدس زده بود بیمار سرطان داشت. ● متهم،مورد سوظن،مشکوک به ارتکاب جرم،مشکوک،مورد شک،شک انگیز a suspect person شخص مورد سوظن the suspects were arrested متهمان باز داشت شدند. Akbar is a suspect though he has not been accused formally yet اکبر مورد سوظن است گواینکه هنوز رسما متهم نشده. a suspect story داستان مشکوک his motive is suspect انگیزه‌ی او شک برانگیز است. adjective - suspect مورد شک: suspect, dubious, dubitable verb - suspect سوء ظن داشتن: suspect ظن کردن: mistrust, suspect بدگمان شدن از: suspect ظنین بودن از: suspect گمان کردن: reckon, suppose, suspect, think شک داشتن: doubt, suspect prime suspect Hauptverdächtige(r) f(m) to strongly suspect sth etw stark annehmen to interview a suspect einen Verdächtigen vernehmen I suspect not/so ich nehme an [o. denke] nein/ja prime [or main] suspect Hauptverdächtige(r) f(m) to suspect sb of doing sth jdn verdächtigen, etw getan zu haben we've ruled him out as a suspect er kommt für uns als Verdächtiger nicht infrage they took the suspect in for questioning sie nahmen den Verdächtigen zum Verhör mit auf die Wache they have built a good case against the suspect sie haben einen hieb- und stichfesten Fall gegen den Verdächtigen aufgebaut so far, the police do not suspect foul play bislang geht die Polizei noch nicht von einem Verbrechen aus there were striking discrepancies between the suspect's story and evidence es gab nicht zu übersehende Diskrepanzen zwischen der Aussage des Verdächtigten und den Beweisen

Answer 492

agoraphobia noun [ U ] PSYCHOLOGY specialized UK /ˌæɡ.ə.rəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ US /ˌæɡ.ə.rəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ fear of going outside and being in public places or of being in a situation from which it might be difficult to escape or in which help might not be available: Suffering from agoraphobia, she's afraid to even step outside her home. It is estimated that approximately 500,000 adults in Great Britian suffer from agoraphobia to some extent. agoraphobia Platzangst f agoraphobia Agoraphobie f fachspr

Answer 493

fear of being in closed spaces: He suffers from claustrophobia so he never travels on underground trains. claustrophobia [kloːstrəˈfəubiə] ♦ noun fear of narrow, small or enclosed places. ترس از بودن در جاهای تنگ و تاریک؛ تنگنا هراسی ˌclaustroˈphobic ♦ adjective . تنگنا هراس [ˌklôstrəˈfōbēə] noun - claustrophobia مرض ترس از فضای تنگ ومحصور: claustrophobia

Answer 494

esoteric adjective UK /ˌiː.səˈter.ɪk/ US /ˌes.əˈter.ɪk/ very unusual and understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge: He has an esoteric collection of old toys and games. disapproving or humorous She has a somewhat esoteric taste in clothes. esoteric adjective US /ˌes·əˈter·ɪk/ intended for or understood by only a few people who have special knowledge: Literary readings can sometimes seem esoteric, but we are trying to make them more attractive to more people. esoteric taste übtr scherzh exotischer Geschmack exo*tisch Adj 1. aus einem ganz fernen Land (stammend) und deshalb fremd od. geheimnisvoll wirkend: eine exotische Schönheit; Menschen aus fernen Ländern wirken auf uns exotisch 2. (von Tieren und Pflanzen) aus einem fernen (meist tropischen) Land ↔ heimisch: exotische Fische; die exotische Fauna und Flora

Answer 495

delve verb [ I ] UK /delv/ US /delv/ to search, especially as if by digging, in order to find a thing or information: She delved into her pocket to find some change. Synonym dig to delve into a subject sich Akk in ein Thema vertiefen to delve in one's pocket in seiner Tasche kramen to delve into sb's past in jds Vergangenheit nachforschen don't delve into other people's problems misch dich nicht in anderer Leute Probleme ein /delv/ n., vi., vt. ● (در اصل) کندن (با بیل)،بیل زدن (زمین) when Adam delved and Eve spun / who was then the gentleman? وقتی که حضرت آدم بیل می‌زد و حوا نخ می‌رشت چه کسی اربابی می‌کرد؟ ● (دقیقا) بررسی کردن،کندو کاو کردن،پژوهیدن to find the answer, he delved into many books برای یافتن پاسخ کتب زیادی را بررسی کرد. the deeper he delved into the Creation, the more confused he became هرچه بیشتر درباره‌ی خلقت پژوهش کرد سردرگم‌تر شد. ● (مهجور) زاغه،سردابه [delv] verb - delve سوراخ کردن: puncture, delve, pierce, pierce, dig a hole, perforate حفر کردن: delve, gull, excavate, cave, grave کاوش کردن: explore, delve, dig, probe, prog, forage noun - delve گودی: bezel, valley, hollow, delve, dimple, dent حفره: hole, cavity, fossa, socket, pit, delve

Answer 496

patronize verb [ T ] UK /ˈpæt.rə.naɪz/ US /ˈpeɪ.trə.naɪz/ patronize verb [T] (ACT SUPERIOR) disapproving (UK usually patronise) to speak to or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or not important: Stop patronizing me - I understand the play as well as you do. patronize verb [ T ] (UK also patronise) UK /ˈpætrənaɪz/ US /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/ formal to be a regular customer of a shop, restaurant, hotel, etc.: Special offer coupons can be effective in motivating shoppers to patronize certain establishments. to speak to or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or not important: Additional research has found that 70% of people feel patronised by advertising. to support an activity or a public organization, especially by giving money: For sale are objets d'art inspired and patronized by China's emperors for 4,000 years. r * Don't patronize me. بچه نیستم می فهمم. /pā´trǝn īz´/ vt. ● مشتری دائم بودن I have been patronizing this store for years من سال‌هاست از این مغازه خرید می‌کنم. ● سروری کردن،خدایگانی کردن،کمک و اعانه دادن،تشویق کردن ● (تداعی منفی) بنده نوازی کردن (به طور مغرورانه)،آقامنش رفتار کردن،ارباب‌وار رفتار کردن he tried to patronize me by acting too familiarly او سعی کرد که با خودمانی رفتار کردن مراکوچک کند. 1. patronize form (frequent): to patronize sth [Stamm]kunde bei etw Dat sein we always patronize Beaumont's wir gehen immer zu Beaumont's 2. patronize abw (treat condescendingly): to patronize sb jdn herablassend [o. von oben herab] behandeln 3. patronize (support): to patronize sth etw unterstützen

Answer 497

convey [kənˈvei] ♦ verb 1 to carry: Huge ships convey oil from the Middle East. حمل کردن 2 to transfer the ownership of (property by legal means). انتقال دادن conˈveyance ♦ noun 1 the act of conveying: the conveyance of goods. ارسال؛ حمل 2 a vehicle of any kind: A bus is a public conveyance. وسیلۀ حمل و نقل conˈveyancing ♦ noun the branch of the law dealing with transfer of property. انتقال مالکیت conˈveyor ♦ noun a person or thing that conveys. شخص یا دستگاه انتقال دهنده conveyor belt an endless, moving belt carrying articles from one place to another in a factory etc : She put nuts on the chocolates as they went down the conveyor belt. تسمۀ نقاله /kǝn vā´/ vt. ● رساندن،معنی دادن،بیان کردن،رسانیدن this word does not convey your meaning این واژه معنی مورد نظر شما را نمی‌رساند. the message conveyed by her words... پیامی که از کلمات او مستفاد می‌شد... the article conveyed the impression that he would resign مقاله حاکی از این بود که او استعفا خواهد داد. convey my greetings to him سلام مرا به او برسانید. ● بردن،ترابری کردن،نقل کردن،حمل کردن a chimney conveys smoke to the outside دود هنج (یا لوله‌ی بخاری) دود را به خارج می‌برد. the nurses conveyed the wounded to the operating room پرستاران زخمی‌ها را به اتاق عمل بردند. ● انتقال دادن،فرستادن،ترا فرست کردن،ترا گسیل کردن،رسانگری کردن the media quickly conveyed the news رسانه‌ها خبر را به سرعت انتقال دادند. ● (حقوق) صلح کردن (مال یا حق)،انتقال مال یا دین (به وسیله‌ی سند کتبی)،وا گذاشتن (to make a conveyance هم می‌گویند) ● (مهجور) دزدیدن،کش رفتن [kənˈvā] verb - convey رساندن: convey, supply, transmit, extend, give, broadcast نقل کردن: convey, account, quote, relate, transcribe, tell بردن: take, remove, win, take away, carry, convey حمل کردن: carry, transport, bear, haul, portage, convey to convey to sb that ... jdm zu verstehen geben, dass ... to convey sth by sea etw auf dem Seeweg befördern to convey one's condolences [to sb] [jdm] sein Beileid aussprechen do convey my apologies to him sag ihm bitte, wie leid es mir tut to give [or convey] sb's regards to sb jdm jds Grüße ausrichten [o. übermitteln] to convey the right/wrong impression einen richtigen/falschen Eindruck vermitteln to convey a property to a purchaser einem Käufer Eigentum übertragen please convey my respects to your parents bitte grüße deine Eltern von mir words cannot convey how much I love him meine Liebe für ihn lässt sich nicht mit Worten ausdrücken please convey my compliments [or regards] to your father form grüßen Sie bitte Ihren Vater von mir

Answer 498

eviscerate verb [ T ] formal UK /ɪˈvɪs.ə.reɪt/ US /ɪˈvɪs.ə.reɪt/ to remove one or all of the organs from the inside of a body Synonym disembowel evisceration The fish were eviscerated in situ and the digestive tracts placed in physiological saline and immediately transported to the laboratory, where they were processed. /ē vis´ǝr āt´, i-/ vt., vi. ● (امعا و احشا را درآوردن - دل و روده را درآوردن) اندرونه کاوی کردن،اندرونه برداری کردن Ali Akbar first eviscerated the deer and then skinned it علی اکبر اول دل و روده‌ی آهو را درآورد و سپس پوست آن را کند. ● (بخش اصلی چیزی را درآوردن یا از بین بردن) کم توان کردن،آسیب‌پذیر کردن،ناقص کردن the censors eviscerated the film سانسورچی‌ها قلب فیلم را درآورند (فیلم را ناقص کردند). ● (جراحی) محتویات اندام را درآوردن،(سازواره را) تهی کردن ● (جراحی - از میان جای جراحی شده و بخیه شده) بیرون زدن،بیرون زدگی پیدا کردن،(در زیر زخم جراحی التیام یافته) قلمبه شدن،دچار قلمبه شدگی شدن to eviscerate an animal/sb ein Tier ausnehmen/jdm die inneren Organe entfernen übtr (remove beautiful/valuable part) to eviscerate sth etw einer S. Gen berauben geh

Answer 499

US UK AU abrupt [əˈbrapt] ♦ adjective 1 sudden; unexpected: The car came to an abrupt halt. غیرمنتظره 2 (of a person's manner of speaking etc ) rude or sharp. زننده 3 lacking in continuity. آنی aˈbruptly ♦ adverb . بطور ناگهانی aˈbruptness ♦ noun . ناگهانی بودن؛ گستاخی əˈbrəpt] adjective - abrupt ناگهانی: sudden, abrupt, snap, precipitate تند: spicy, steep, fast, sharp, harsh, abrupt غیر منتظره: unexpected, unanticipated, sudden, abrupt, uncontemplated درشت: coarse, large, gross, hulking, rough, abrupt پرتگاه دار: abrupt بی خبر: unaware, unwitting, unconscious, abrupt, incognizant, inconscient abrupt adjective UK /əˈbrʌpt/ US /əˈbrʌpt/ abrupt adjective (SUDDEN) C2 sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant: abrupt end Our conversation came to an abrupt end when George burst into the room. abrupt change There was an abrupt change in her attitude towards me when she heard that I was Alan's girlfriend abrupt halt The car juddered and came to an abrupt halt in the middle of the road. The road ended in an abrupt (= sudden and very steep) slope down to the sea. abrupt adjective (UNFRIENDLY) C2 using too few words when talking, in a way that seems rude and unfriendly: He is sometimes very abrupt with clients. an abrupt manner/reply

Answer 500

torture [ˈtoːtʃə] ♦ verb to treat (someone) cruelly or painfully, as a punishment, or in order to make him/her confess something, give information etc : He tortured his prisoners; She was tortured by rheumatism/jealousy. شکنجه کردن ♦ noun 1 the act or practice of torturing: The king would not permit torture. شکنجه 2 (something causing) great suffering: the torture of waiting to be executed. عذاب [ˈtôrCHər] noun - torture شکنجه: torture, persecution, torment, affliction, excruciation, rack عذاب: torment, suffering, agony, torture, anguish, tribulation زجر: torture, torment, persecution, maceration verb - torture ازار رساندن: injure, incommode, hurt, molest, plague, torture زجر دادن: macerate, torment, torture /tôr´chǝr/ n., vt. ● شکنجه،باپک،پروانه،وامید according to the declaration of Human Rights, "no one shall be subjected to torture" طبق اعلامیه‌ی حقوق بشر ((هیچکس نباید مورد شکنجه قرار بگیرد.)) instruments of torture وسایل شکنجه the torture of political prisoners شکنجه‌ی زندانیان سیاسی ● عذاب،زجر،رنج،پادافراه،درد (شدید) sitting in that class and listening to his words was a great torture for me نشستن در آن کلاس و گوش دادن به حرف‌های او برایم عذاب بزرگی بود. ● (نادر) پیچش،تحریف،وات‌گشت ● شکنجه کردن (یا دادن) he was tortured into confessing با شکنجه او را وادار به اقرار کردند. they torture prisoners آنها زندانیان را شکنجه می‌دهند. ● عذاب دادن،زجر دادن،رنج دادن he was tortured by guilt احساس گناه او را زجر می‌داد. ● (معنی و غیره) پیچاندن،تحریف کردن،از شکل انداختن،دیودیس کردن the tortured style of his poetry سبک تحریف شده‌ی شعر او o 1- با شکنجه کشتن 2- (مجازی) سخت رنج دادن

Answer 501

dwindle [ˈdwindl] ♦ verb to grow less: His money dwindled away. کاهش یافتن /dwin´dǝl/ vi., vt. ● (به تدریج) کم شدن،(از نظر اندازه یا وزن یا مقدار) کاهش یافتن،آب رفتن،نقصان یافتن dwindling incomes درآمدهای روبه کاهش the boat gradually dwindled to a speck on the horizon قایق کم‌کم به نقطه‌ای در افق تبدیل شد. the city's population is dwindling جمعیت شهر رو به کاهش است. ● (از اهمیت و غیره) کاستن this project dwindles all other projects to insignificance این طرح بقیه‌ی طرح‌ها را تحت‌الشعاع قرار می‌دهد. [ˈdwindl] verb - dwindle رفته رفته کوچک شدن: dwindle تدریجا کاهش یافتن: dwindle کم شدن: diminish, step down, abate, wane, dwindle, slacken تحلیل رفتن: gnaw, die down, dwindle, assimilate, consume, eat خرد ساختن: turn down, bate, curtail, damp down, decompress, dwindle خرد شدن: relent, pass off, shrink, crush, abate, dwindle

Answer 502

dump verb [ T ] UK /dʌmp/ US /dʌmp/ dump verb [T] (PUT DOWN) C2 to put down or drop something in a careless way: He came in with four shopping bags and dumped them on the table. C1 to get rid of something unwanted, especially by leaving it in a place where it is not allowed to be: The tax was so unpopular that the government decided to dump it. Several old cars had been dumped near the beach. Toxic chemicals continue to be dumped into the river. to sell unwanted goods very cheaply, usually in other countries: They accused the West of dumping out-of-date medicines on Third World countries. dump [damp] ♦ verb 1 to set (down) heavily: She dumped the heavy shopping-bag on the table. با شدت قرار دادن 2 to unload and leave (eg rubbish): People dump things over our wall. خالی کردن ♦ noun a place for leaving or storing unwanted things: a rubbish dump. آشغال دونی

Answer 503

refer to someone/something phrasal verb with refer verb UK /rɪˈfɜːr/ US /rɪˈfɝː/ -rr- B2 to talk or write about someone or something, especially in only a few words: In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays. He always refers to the house as his "refuge". C1 If writing or information refers to someone or something, it relates to that person or thing: The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors. C2 to direct someone or something to a different place or person for information, help, or action, often to a person or group with more knowledge or power: My doctor referred me to a hospital specialist. The High Court has referred the case to the Court of Appeal. refer (someone) to something phrasal verb with refer verb UK /rɪˈfɜːr/ US /rɪˈfɝː/ -rr- C2 to look at, or tell someone else to look at, a book or similar record in order to find information and help: She spoke for an hour without once referring to her notes. He referred to a history book to find out the dates of the French Revolution. The reader is constantly referred back to the introduction. refer [rəˈfəː]– past tense, past participle reˈferred – ♦ verb (with to ) 1 to talk or write (about something); to mention: He doesn't like anyone referring to his wooden leg; I referred to your theories in my last book. اشاره کردن 2 to relate to, concern, or apply to: My remarks refer to your last letter. مربوط بودن 3 to send or pass on to someone else for discussion, information, a decision etc : The case was referred to a higher law-court; I'll refer you to the managing director. ارجاع دادن 4 to look for information (in something): If I'm not sure how to spell a word, I refer to a dictionary. رجوع کردن به referee [refəˈriː] ♦ noun 1 a person who controls boxing, football etc matches, makes sure that the rules are not broken etc : The referee sent two of the players off the field. داور 2 a person who is willing to provide a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for new job. معرف ♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˌrefeˈreed – to act as a referee for a match: I've been asked to referee (a football match) on Saturday. داوری کردن reference [ˈrefərəns] ♦ noun 1 (an) act of referring (to something); a mention (of something): He made several references to her latest book; With reference to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you. مراجعه 2 a note about one's character, ability etc, eg when one applies for a new job: Our new secretary had excellent references from her previous employers. معرفی نامه 3 an indication in a book, report etc , showing where one got one's information or where further information can be found. کتاب مرجع reference book a book which is not usually read from beginning to end but which is consulted occasionally for information, eg a dictionary or encyclopaedia. کتاب خانه کتب مرجع reference library a library of books to be looked at for information but not borrowed. کتابخانه مرجع reference , noun, is spelt with -r- . referred and referring are spelt with -rr- . mention, make reference to, allude to, touch on, speak of/about, talk of/about, write about, comment on, deal with, point out, call attention to pass, hand over, hand, send on, transfer, remit, entrust, assign apply to, be relevant to, concern, relate to, be connected with, pertain to, appertain to, be pertinent to, have a bearing on, cover denote, describe, indicate, mean, signify, designate consult, turn to, look at, have recourse to touch, come to, bear on, concern, pertain, relate, touch on cite, name, mention, advert, bring up denote look up, consult to refer a cheque FIN einen Scheck zurückschicken to refer to one's notes seine Aufzeichnungen zu Hilfe nehmen to refer a question to arbitration einen Streitfall an ein Schiedsgericht verweisen to refer sb to an article jdn auf einen Artikel hinweisen [o. verweisen] to refer a problem to sb ein Problem an jdn weiterleiten to refer a case to sb/sth JUR jdm/etw einen Fall übertragen to refer a decision to sb jdm eine Entscheidung übergeben to refer sb back to sth jdn auf etw Akk zurückverweisen to refer an application/a letter/a request eine Bewerbung/einen Brief/eine Bitte weiterleiten to refer sb/sth back to sb/sth case, plan, proposal jdn/etw an jdn/etw zurückverweisen to refer slightingly to [or remark slightingly on] sth eine spitze Bemerkung über etw Akk machen for further information please refer to the relevant leaflet weitere Informationen entnehmen Sie bitte der entsprechenden Broschüre in this context, ‘America’ is understood to refer to the United States in diesem Kontext sind mit ‚Amerika‘ selbstverständlich die Vereinigten Staaten gemeint

Answer 504

persuade verb [ T ] US /pərˈsweɪd/ to cause people to do or believe something, esp. by explaining why they should: The government is trying to persuade consumers to save more. She tried to persuade them that they should leave. persuasive adjective US /pərˈsweɪ·sɪv, -zɪv/ a persuasive argument persuade [pəˈsweid] ♦ verb 1 to make (someone) (not) do something, by arguing with him or advising him: We persuaded him (not) to go. ترغیب کردن 2 to make (someone) certain (that something is the case); to convince: We eventually persuaded him that we were serious. متقاعد کردن perˈsuasion [-ʒən] ♦ noun the act of persuading: He gave in to our persuasion and did what we wanted him to do. متقاعد سازی perˈsuasive [-siv] ♦ adjective able to persuade: He is a persuasive speaker; His arguments are persuasive. متقاعد کننده perˈsuasively ♦ adverb . بطور مجاب کننده perˈsuasiveness ♦ noun . مستدل بودن to persuade sb out of sth jdm etw ausreden to persuade sb to do sth jdn dazu bringen, etw zu tun I tried to persuade him to come, but I failed ich habe versucht, ihn zum Kommen zu überreden, aber ich habe es nicht geschafft I'm trying to persuade her to come but I'm getting nowhere ich versuche ja, sie zum Mitkommen zu überreden, aber ich stoße nur auf Granit they tried to persuade him, but he wouldn't listen to reason sie versuchten, ihn zu überreden, aber er ließ sich einfach nichts sagen can you persuade him to fork out the money for my trip to Alaska? kannst du ihn überreden, das Geld für meinen Alaska-Urlaub herauszurücken? ugs she tried to persuade him to retire, but he would have none of it form sie versuchte ihn zu überreden, sich pensionieren zu lassen, aber er wollte nichts davon hören

Answer 505

lethal [ˈliːθəl] ♦ adjective causing death; enough to kill: a lethal dose of poison. مرگ آور ˈlēTHəl] adjective - lethal مهلک: deadly, fatal, lethal, mortal, pernicious, noxious مرگ اور: lethal, mortal وابسته به مرگ کشنده: lethal /lē´thǝl/ adj. ● مرگ آور،مهلک،مرگبار a lethal weapon سلاح مرگبار a lethal dose of poison مقدار مهلکی سم war dealt a lethal blow to the country's economy جنگ ضربه‌ی مرگ آوری به اقتصاد کشور وارد آورد. lethal injection Todesspritze f lethal poison/weapon tödliches Gift/tödliche Waffe lethal [or deadly] weapon tödliche Waffe this knife looks pretty lethal dieses Messer sieht ziemlich gefährlich aus a large/small/lethal dose eine starke/schwache/tödliche Dosis to deal sb/sth a lethal blow jdm/etw den Todesstoß versetzen a. übtr the vodka in Russia is absolutely lethal der Wodka in Russland ist absolut tödlich

Answer 506

climax [ˈklaimӕks]– plural ˈclimaxes – ♦ noun the highest point; the most dramatic moment: the climax of the novel. نقطۀ عطف؛ اوج Photo Translator Turn your camera into a Translator (OCR) [ˈklīˌmaks] noun - climax اوج: climax, pinnacle, culmination, zenith, top, apex قله: peak, summit, top, crest, climax, point منتها درجه: extreme, climax, maximum, peak, period, summit راس: head, top, vertex, tip, peak, climax verb - climax باوج رسیدن: climax /klī´maks´/ n., vi., vt. ● (ادبیات و معانی بیان) یک سلسله استعاره یا اندیشه و غیره که به ترتیب تصاعدی ردیف شده باشند (مثلا از کم اهمیت‌تر به پر اهمیت‌تر)،آخرین و مهمترین رویداد (در یک سلسله رویداد)،(داستان و فیلم و غیره) پر هیجان‌ترین یا بحرانی‌ترین نقطه،اوج،نقطه‌ی عطف،فرازگاه،قله the climax of the play was when the conspirators assassinated Julius Caesar اوج (یا فرازگاه) نمایش موقعی بود که توطئه‌گران،ژول سزار را کشتند. the battle reached a climax نبرد به اوج رسید. ● (در مقاربت جنسی) انزال،اوج لذت جنسی ● (محیط زیست) اجتماعی از حیوانات یا گیاهان که در اقلیم بخصوصی ریشه می‌گیرد،بالیست ● به اوج رسیدن،به فرازگاه رسیدن ● (در جم dramatic climax dramatischer Höhepunkt sexual climax sexueller Höhepunkt to cap the climax alles übertreffen to experience [or reach] climax einen Orgasmus haben

Answer 507

[inˈd(y)o͞os] verb - induce وادار کردن: induce, persuade, compel, impel, enforce, oblige تحریک شدن: induce اعوا کردن: induce استنتاج کردن: derive, infer, conclude, evolve, induce, subsume تهییج شدن: induce * Nothing could induce him to change his mind. هیچ چیز نمی تواند تصمیم او را تغییر دهد. /in dōōs´, -dyōōs´/ vt. ● (به کاری) واداشتن،وادار کردن (معمولا با استدلال یا تشویق یا نفوذ کلام) they could not induce the old lady to sell her house آنان نتوانستند پیرزن را به فروش خانه‌ی خود وادار کنند. the conditions that induced many young people to emigrate شرایطی که خیلی از جوانان را ناچار به مهاجرت می‌کرد. ● موجب شدن،به وجود آوردن،شوند کردن،آغالیدن to induce vomiting with an emetic با داروی تهوع آور ایجاد استفراغ کردن religion induced kindness in him دین در او مهربانی ایجاد کرد. ● (منطق و استدلال: از جزئیات به قوانین یا برداشت‌های کلی رسیدن) استنباط کردن،استنتاج کردن،برداشت کردن،بازکاوی کردن،استقرا کردن (واروی: deduce) ● (فیزیک) القا کردن،فرتابی کردن،توختن ● (روان شناسی) تلقین کردن،نیوشاندن،در انگیختن these pills induce drowsiness diese Tabletten machen schläfrig to induce an abortion eine Abtreibung einleiten to induce mitosis BIO die Zellteilung anregen to induce sth etw anregen to induce anaesthesia narkotisieren to induce labour die Wehen einleiten to induce abortion eine Fehlgeburt auslösen to induce a[n] [electrical] current Strom induzieren to induce sb to do sth jdn dazu verleiten, etw zu tun to induce a pregnant woman [to give birth] bei einer Schwangeren die Geburt künstlich einleiten nothing could induce me to do a bungee-jump! nichts auf der Welt könnte mich zum Bungeejumping bewegen!

Answer 508

arouse [əˈrauz] ♦ verb to cause or give rise to (something): His actions aroused my suspicions. برانگیختن؛ تحریک کردن Photo Translator Turn your camera into a Translator (OCR) [əˈrouz] verb - arouse بیدار کردن: awaken, arouse, waken, awake, raise بر انگیختن: prod, arouse, infuse, roust, excite, whet تحریک کردن: stimulate, annoy, arouse, incense, agitate, incite /ǝ rouz´/ vt., vi. ● بیدار کردن،از خواب پراندن the sound of sirens aroused us from sleep صدای آژیر ما را از خواب پراند. ● انگیختن،برانگیختن،تحریک کردن یا شدن،شوراندن her strange behavior aroused our suspicions رفتار عجیب او موجب بدگمانی ما شد. to arouse pity برانگیختن (حس) ترحم her bare legs aroused the old man ران‌های برهنه‌ی او پیرمرد را تحریک کرد. to become aroused شهوتی یا تحریک شدن to arouse a passion leidenschaftliche Gefühle wecken to arouse sb's suspicions jds Verdacht erregen to arouse anger Zorn erregen to arouse opposition auf Widerstand stoßen to arouse controversy zu Unstimmigkeiten führen to arouse suspicion Verdacht erregen to arouse concern Bedenken hervorrufen to raise [or arouse] sb's ire jds Zorn erregen

Answer 509

session [ˈseʃən] ♦ noun 1 a meeting, or period for meetings, of a court, council, parliament etc : The judge will give his summing up at tomorrow's court session. جلسه 2 a period of time spent on a particular activity: a filming session. نوبت 3 a university or school year or one part of this: the summer session. سال تحصيلي Photo Translator Turn your camera into a Translator (OCR) [ˈseSHən] noun - session جلسه: session, meeting, meet, sitting, seance نشست: meeting, session, meet, sitting, subsidence, seance مجلس: parliament, assembly, council, legislature, convocation, session دوره تحصیلی: term time, session /sesh´ǝn/ n. ● جلسه،نشست،اجلاس،جرگه a morning session نشست بامدادی the secret session of the parliament جلسه‌ی محرمانه‌ی مجلس شورا an annual legislative session نشست سالیانه‌ی مجلس مقننه a recording session جرگه برای صفحه پر کردن (ضبط) ● (آموزش) دوره (term هم می‌گویند) the fall session begins in September دوره‌ی پاییزی از اول سپتامبر آغاز می‌شود. summer session دوره‌ی تابستانی ● روز مدرسه،برنامه‌ی آموزش روزانه many overcrowded schools have double sessions بسیاری از مدارس شلوغ برنامه‌ی دوگانه (صبح و عصر) دارند. ● (کلیسای پرسبیتارین) هیات رئیسه ● ویزیت،دیدار a session with the dentist دیدار با دندانساز * in session (مدرسه) باز،(مجلس و گروه و غیره) در حال اجلاس،دست به کار،در جریان the school is not in session today امروز مدرسه باز نیست. the court has been in session for six hours شش ساعت است که دادگاه مشغول کار بوده است. plenary session Plenarsitzung f recording session Aufnahme f training session Trainingsstunde f session musician Sessionmusiker(in) m (f) parliamentary session (term of office) Legislaturperiode f afternoon session Nachmittagsunterricht m special session Sondersitzung f rap session (group therapy) Gesprächsrunde f to meet in session zu einer Sitzung zusammenkommen Parliament is in session das Parlament tagt plenary meeting [or session] Plenarsitzung f a practice session ein Training Court of Session Scot Oberstes Gericht in Zivilsachen parliamentary election/session Parlamentswahl f /-sitzung f to have a brainstorming session ein Brainstorming abhalten [o. durchführen] end of the exchange session BÖRSE Börsenschluss m

Answer 510

US UK AU vital [ˈvaitl] ♦ adjective 1 essential; of the greatest importance: Speed is vital to the success of our plan; It is vital that we arrive at the hospital soon. حیاتی؛ مهم 2 lively and energetic: a vital person/personality. سرزنده ˌviˈtality [-ˈtӕ-] ♦ noun liveliness and energy: a girl of tremendous vitality. سرزندگی [ˈvītl] adjective - vital حیاتی: vital, biotic اساسی: fundamental, basic, essential, substantial, vital, pivotal واجب: obligatory, necessary, essential, indispensable, vital, fundamental وابسته بزندگی: vital /vīt´'l/ adj., n. ● وابسته به زندگی یا زنده ماندن،حیاتی،کیانی،جانی،زیستی،ورجی economic stability is vitally important ثبات اقتصادی اهمیت حیاتی دارد. vital energy انرژی زیستی ● جانبخش،حیاتی و مماتی،اصلی،مهم vital organs اندام‌های جانبخش (بدن) the vital rays of the sun اشعه‌ی جانبخش خورشید fuel is a vital commodity سوخت کالای بسیار مهمی است. ● جانفرسا،مهلک،جانگیر a vital wound زخم مهلک ● پرشور،سرزنده،بانشاط a vital personality یک شخصیت پرنشاط ● (جمع) اندام‌های حیاتی (مثلا قلب یا مغز یا ریه‌ها)،مهند اندام ● (جمع) بخش‌های حیاتی هر چیز،مهندبخش to play a vital part eine entscheidende Rolle spielen to be of vital importance von entscheidender Bedeutung [o. von größter Wichtigkeit] sein a vital piece of information eine sehr wichtige Information it is vital to do sth es ist äußerst wichtig, etw zu tun

Answer 511

US UK AU release [rəˈliːs] ♦ verb 1 to set free; to allow to leave: He was released from prison yesterday; I am willing to release him from his promise to me. رها کردن؛ آزاد کردن 2 to stop holding etc ; to allow to move, fall etc : He released (his hold on) the rope. رها کردن 3 to move (a catch, brake etc ) which prevents something else from moving, operating etc : He released the handbrake and drove off. خلاص کردن 4 to allow (news etc ) to be made known publicly: The list of winners has just been released. منتشر کردن 5 to offer (a film, record etc ) to the general public: Their latest record will be released next week. عرضه کردن ♦ noun 1 the act of releasing or being released: After his release, the prisoner returned to his home town; the release of a new film; (also adjective ) the release catch. آزادی 2 something that is released: This record is their latest release; The Government issued a press release (= a statement giving information about something, sent or given to newspapers, reporters etc ). انتشار [riˈlēs] noun - release رهایی: liberation, emancipation, release, salvation, escape, extrication پخش: broadcast, distribution, release, diffusion, dissemination, propagation ترخیص: clearance, release, permission ازادی: freedom, release, liberty, independence, emancipation, freeness خلاصی: release, deliverance, rescue, redemption, riddance, extrication بخشش: forgiveness, bounty, gift, mercy, grant, release رهتیی: release استخلاص: release verb - release رها کردن: drop, abandon, unleash, release, liberate, leave منتشر ساختن: release, publish مرخص کردن: discharge, license, release, assoil, dismiss, furlough ازاد کردن: release, franchise, free, assoil, deliver, ease /ri lēs´/ n., vt. ● آزاد کردن،بیرون دادن،ول دادن،گشادن to release a caged bird پرنده‌ی در قفس را آزاد کردن they released the prisoners زندانیان را آزاد کردند. the tire releases air تایر باد ( بیرون) می‌دهد. ● رها کردن،در کردن،شل کردن to release an arrow پیکان را رها کردن ● (از مالیات یا مسئولیت یا مجازات و غیره) معاف کردن،بخشودن he asked the general to release him from his promise از سپهبد تقاضا کرد که او را از قولی که داده بود معاف کند. ● ( از درد و غم و غیره) رهانیدن he is waiting for death to release him from his suffering منتظر مرگ است که او را از رنج برهاند. ● (حقوق) صرفنظرکردن،واگذار کردن to release a reserved seat on a plane از جای رزرو شده در هواپیما صرفنظرکردن she released all claims regarding personal injury در مورد صدمه‌ای که به او وارد شده بود صرفنظر کرد. ● رها،آزادی،آزاد سازی،مرخص سازی،خلاصی،ول سازی،رهایی،بیرون ریزی the release of political prisoners was their first condition آزادی زندانیان سیاسی شرط اول آنها بود. the release of gas from the cylinder رها شدن گاز از سیلندر ● بخشودگی،معافیت the company's release from any tax obligation بخشودگی شرکت از هرگونه مشمولیت مالیاتی ● تسکین،(درد و غیره) فرونشانی the medicine provided him temporary release from pain دارو درد او را موقتا فرو نشاند. ● سند آزادی،رها نامه ● ول کردگی،رها کردگی،گشادگی the release of the arrow رها شدن پیکان ● (مکانیک) بازکن،راه انداز،آغازگر،خلاص ● (کتاب و فیلم و غیره) انتشار،پخش،پخش کردن،درآوردن،منتشر کردن،عرضه کردن،عرضه his latest release is being shown in many cinemas آخرین فیلم او را در بسیاری از سینماها نشان می‌دهند. ● ( کتاب و فیلم و غیره ) تازه منتشر شده،تازه ● (حقوق) صرفنظرسازی،واگذاری،انصراف the release of her injury claims came as a great surprise انصراف او از ادعای خسارت بسیار غیر مترقبه بود. ● (حقوق) سند واگذاری،سند انصراف to release sb jdn [aus der Haft] entlassen [o. freilassen] to release sb on bail jdn gegen Kaution auf freien Fuß setzen to release sb on parole jdn bedingt aus der Haft entlassen to release sb from prison jdn aus dem Gefängnis entlassen to release sb on probation jdn auf Bewährung entlassen press release A bes Presseaussendung f merciful release euph Erlösung f euph day release Brit Freistellung zur beruflichen Fortbildung steam release Dampfventil nt release cord Reißleine f to release a missile eine Rakete abschießen to release a bomb eine Bombe abwerfen release of a hostage Freilassung f einer Geisel to go on release film [in den Kinos] anlaufen to release a statement eine Erklärung abgeben to release the brake die Bremse lösen to release the shutter FOTO den Auslöser betätigen to release the brake[s] (by hand) die Bremse lösen to procure sb's release jds Freilassung erreichen [o. geh erwirken] to release dues überfällige Bestellungen abwickeln release of funds Mittelfreisetzung f to release gas/steam Gas/Dampf freisetzen

Answer 512

idiosyncrasy noun [ C ] US /ˌɪd·i·əˈsɪŋ·krə·si/ a strange or unusual habit, way of behaving, or feature: One of her many idiosyncrasies is always smelling a book before opening it. /id´ē ō´siŋ´krǝ sē, -sin´-; -ē ǝ-/ n., pl. ● (ویژگی منحصر به یک فرد یا گروه معین) تک‌ویژگی،خصیصه‌ی فردی،تک سرشت she gradually adjusted to her husband's idiosyncrasies او کم‌کم خود را با تک ویژگی‌های شوهرش وفق داد. the idiosyncrasies of his writing style ویژگیهای منحصر به فرد او ● واکنش فردی (نسبت به دارو یا خوراک و غیره) [ˌidēəˈsiNGkrəsē] noun - idiosyncrasy شیوه ویژه هر نویسنده: idiosyncrasy حال مخصوص: idiosyncrasy طبیعت ویژه: idiosyncrasy طرز فکر ویژه: idiosyncrasy خصوصیاتاخلاقی: idiosyncrasy idiosyncratic adjective UK /ˌɪd.i.ə.sɪŋˈkræt.ɪk/ US /ˌɪd.i.ə.sɪŋˈkræt̬.ɪk/ having strange or unusual habits, ways of behaving, or features: The film, three hours long, is directed in his usual idiosyncratic style. He follows a very idiosyncratic schedule. idiosyncrasy (peculiarity): idiosyncrasy Eigenart f idiosyncrasy Eigenheit f 🤣 peculiarity noun UK /pɪˌkjuː.liˈær.ə.ti/ US /pɪˌkjuː.liˈer.ə.t̬i/ peculiarity noun (STRANGE) [ C or U ] the quality of being strange or unusual, or an unusual characteristic or habit: You couldn't help but be aware of the peculiarity of the situation. Well, we all have our little peculiarities, don't we? peculiarity noun (BELONGING TO) [ C ] something that is typical of one person, group, or thing: This technique is applicable to a wide variety of crops, but some modifications may be necessary to accommodate the peculiarities of each type. peculiarity (idiosyncrasy): peculiarity Besonderheit f peculiarity Eigenart f [pəˌkyo͞olēˈaritē] noun - peculiarity غرابت: strangeness, weirdness, quirkiness, peculiarity, queerness, singularity صفت عجیب و غریب: peculiarity خاصیت: property, feature, nature, character, trait, peculiarity خصوصیات: specifications, feature, particularity, particular, intimacy, peculiarity حالت ویژگی: peculiarity /pē kyōō´lē er´ǝ tē/ n., pl. ● ویژگی،غرابت،خصوصیت عجیب و غریب ● (به ویژه عادت یا طبع) منحصر به شخص به خصوص،مختص،ویژه،صفت مشخصه they looked alike but their peculiarities of character were quite different آن دو هم قیافه بودند ولی ویژگی‌های شخصیت‌های آنان خیلی متفاوت بود.

Answer 513

unprecedented adjective UK /ʌnˈpres.ɪ.den.tɪd/ US /ʌnˈpres.ə.den.t̬ɪd/ C2 never having happened or existed in the past: This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale. unprecedented [anˈpresidentid] ♦ adjective never known to have happened before: Such an action by a prime minister is unprecedented. بی سابقه [ˌənˈpresəˌdəntid] adjective - unprecedented بی سابقه: unprecedented, unheard, unexampled بی نظیر: unique, inimitable, unparalleled, unrivaled, unbeatable, unprecedented بی مانند: unique, unparalleled, unprecedented, inimitable, incomparable, inapproachable جدید: new, novel, modern, recent, unprecedented, maiden Unprecedented ways should be tried. باید راههای نرفته را امتحان کرد. unprecedented action beispiellose Aktion on an unprecedented scale in bislang ungekanntem Ausmaß unprecedented in the history of sth beispiellos in der Geschichte einer S. Gen 2️⃣ precedent noun [ C/U ] US /ˈpres·ɪ·dənt/ a previous action, situation, or decision that can be used as a reason or example for a similar action or decision at a later time: [ C ] Conditions have changed enormously, and the past is not much of a precedent. [ U ] Precedent indicated that a change would take place sooner rather than later. a previous action or decision that can be used as a reason for allowing something else: The ruling can serve as a precedent to challenge other similar cases. A judgement against the fund could set a precedent for compensation payments to more of its 6,000 investors. This is an experiment without precedent in economic history. a bad/dangerous/good precedent This law sets a very dangerous precedent for all businesses. create/establish/provide a precedent a legal precedent base sth on/follow a precedent noun - precedent سابقه: history, record, background, precedent, past, reputation نمونه: sample, example, instance, model, specimen, precedent adjective - precedent مقدم: prior, first, antecedent, leading, preferred, precedent مسبوق به سابقه: precedent ماقبل: preceding, past, precedent / pres´ǝ dǝnt/ adj., n. ● مقدم،از پیش آیند،جلو (از سایرین) ● سابقه،روال،رسم،سنت he set the precedent of giving tips here او رسم انعام دادن را در اینجا متداول کرد. there is no precedent for what you have done عملی که شما انجام داده‌اید بی‌سابقه است. to become a precedent سابقه شدن،رسم شدن ● رویه‌ی قضایی Prä*ze*dẹnz*fall der; geschr; ein Fall, dessen Ausgang (z. B. vor Gericht) als Beispiel für zukünftige, ähnliche Fälle dient binding precedent JUR bindender Präzedenzfall without precedent noch nie da gewesen condition precedent JUR aufschiebende Bedingung to break with precedent sich Akk nicht an die herkömmliche Praxis halten to establish a precedent einen Präzedenzfall schaffen to set a precedent einen Präzedenzfall schaffen to create a precedent einen Präzedenzfall schaffen to set [or establish] a precedent einen Präzedenzfall schaffen this situation is entirely without precedent so etwas hat es noch nie gegeben to break with precedent [by doing sth] [durch etw Akk ] mit der Tradition brechen is there any precedent in a case like this? gibt es dafür irgendeinen Präzedenzfall? there is no precedent for an annulment being granted in a case like this in einem solchen Fall hat es noch nie eine Annullierung gegeben

Answer 514

perception [pəˈsepʃən] ♦ noun the ability to see, understand etc clearly: a man of great perception. استنباط perˈceptive [-tiv] ♦ adjective able to see, understand etc clearly: a very perceptive man. نکته بین perˈceptively ♦ adverb . ژرف نگرانه perˈceptiveness ♦ noun . ژرف نگری [pərˈsepSHən] noun - perception ادراک: perception, understanding, savvy, conception, cognition, realization درک: perception, realization, apprehension, discernment, percept, uptake احساس: feeling, sense, sentiment, sensation, impression, perception دریافت: receipt, reception, perception, comprehension, discernment, inception مشاهده: observation, seeing, witnessing, perception مشاهده قوه ادراک: perception اگاهی: knowledge, awareness, consciousness, inkling, intelligence, perception /pǝr sep´shǝn/ n. ● برداشت،استنباط،تلقی،تعبیر people's perception of what you are is as important as what you actually are استنباط مردم از آنچه که تو هستی همانقدر مهم است که آنچه که تو واقعا هستی. ● درک،ادراک،بینش،اندریافت،دریافت،فهم،پی‌بردن depth perception اندریافت ژرفا،درک عمق color perception درک رنگ،اندریافت رنگ ● احساس،سهش

Answer 515

fertile [ˈfəːtail] ♦ adjective 1 producing a lot: fertile fields; a fertile mind/imagination. بارور 2 able to produce fruit, children, young animals etc : fertile seed. زاینده ferˈtility [-ˈti-] ♦ noun the state or condition of being fertile. باروری fertilize, *fertilise [-ti-] ♦ verb to make fertile: He fertilized his fields with manure; An egg must be fertilized before it can develop. بارور کردن ˌfertiliˈzation, *ˌfertiliˈsation ♦ noun . بارور سازی ˈfertilizer, *ˈfertiliser [-ti-] ♦ noun a substance (manure, chemicals etc ) used to make land (more) fertile. کود u_rt´'l, fu_r´tīl´/ adj. ● بارور،حاصلخیز،پر ثمر،وهنل،پر میوه،پرحاصل،برومند،زاینده the fertile soil of Khuzestan خاک بارور خوزستان this appel tree is very fertile این درخت سیب بسیار پر بار است. ● گشنیده،گشن،بارور شده،لقاح شده a fertile egg تخم مرغ نطفه دار ● پر زاد و رود،پر بچه،زایا overly fertile families add to overpopulation خانواده‌های بسیار پر بچه (مسئله‌ی) ازدیاد جمعیت را تشدید می‌کنند. ● بارورگر،پر ثمر کننده،حاصلخیز کننده the sun's fertile warmth گرمای گشن آور خورشید ● خلاق،آفریننده،آفریدگار the fertile mind of a genius فکر آفریننده‌ی یک نابغه [ˈfərtl] adjective - fertile بارور: fertile, fruitful, prolific, fecund, fructuous, parturient حاصلخیز: fertile, rich, prolific, fecund پربرکت: exuberant, fertile, luxuriant, bounteous پرثمر: fertile, fecund برومند: fecund, fertile fertile imagination lebhafte Fantasie fertile/heavy soil fruchtbarer/schwerer Boden to be fertile ground for sth ein fruchtbarer Boden für etw Akk sein the soil is very fertile thereabouts der Boden ist in dieser Gegend sehr fruchtbar

Answer 516

US UK AU agony [ˈӕgəni]– plural ˈagonies – ♦ noun great pain or suffering: The dying man was in agony; agonies of regret. عذاب ˈagonized, *ˈagonised ♦ adjective showing agony: He had an agonized expression on his face as he lost the match. حاکی از رنج ˈagonizing, *ˈagonising ♦ adjective causing agony: an agonizing pain. جانگداز agonizingly, *agonisingly ♦ adverb . بطور جانکاه [ˈagənē] noun - agony عذاب: torment, suffering, agony, torture, anguish, tribulation رنج: pain, affliction, toil, agony, tribulation, discomfort درد: pain, ache, agony, distress, affliction, ailment تقلا: scramble, bout, tug, effort, exertion, agony سکرات مرگ: agony جان کندن: agony حالت نزع: agony /ag´ǝ nē/ adj., n., pl. ● عذاب،درد جانکاه،زجر،شکنجه (روحی) the agony of losing one's child درد عظیم از دست دادن فرزند she screamed in agony از شدت درد شیون کشید. ● سکرات موت،جان کندن،احتضار ● تقلای شدید،تکاپو،کشمکش ● غلیان (احساسات)،تجلی،فوران * piling on the agony (انگلیس - خودمانی) سوخته کنی کردن * agony aunt (انگلیس - خودمانی) نویسنده‌ی روزنامه که به نامه‌های خوانندگان درباره‌ی مسایل شخصی آنان در روزنامه پاسخ می‌دهد،مشاورخوانندگان * agony column(s) (در روزنامه و مجله) بخشی که در آن نامه‌های خوانندگان چاپ و مسائل شخصی آنها رایزنی می‌شود to prolong the agony die Qual hinauszögern to writhe in agony sich Akk vor Schmerzen winden distorted in agony schmerzverzerrt they lay screaming in agony sie lagen da und schrien vor Schmerzen oh, the agony of defeat! übtr was für eine schmachvolle Niederlage! to twist in agony/pain person sich Akk vor Qual/Schmerz krümmen to pile [or put] on the agony dick auftragen ugs to prolong the agony [of sth] sich Akk noch länger [mit etw Dat ] [herum]quälen her face was lined with agony ihr Gesicht war von tiefem Schmerz gezeichnet to pile on the agony [or it on] ugs dick auftragen ugs sb is in an agony of doubt jdn quälen schlimme Zweifel to be in an agony of indecision/suspense von qualvoller Unentschlossenheit/Ungewissheit geplagt werden to put sb/an animal out if his/her/its agony jdn/ein Tier von seinen Qualen erlösen

Answer 517

AU reveal [rəˈviːl] ♦ verb 1 to make known: All their secrets have been revealed. افشا کردن 2 to show; to allow to be seen: He scraped away the top layer of paint from the picture, revealing an earlier painting underneath. نشان دادن؛ ظاهر کردن reˈvealing ♦ adjective allowing or causing something to be known or seen: a revealing statement. هشدار دهنده؛ یاد آوری کننده iˈvēl] verb - reveal فاش کردن: reveal, disclose, divulge, give away, manifest, squeal معلوم کردن: ascertain, determine, reveal, define, locate, manifest ظاهرکردن: reveal اشکار کردن: unfold, reveal, air, announce, bare, disclose ظاهر ساختن: reveal, expose, lay out, manifest * He didn't reveal his secret. او رازش را آشکار نساخت. to reveal sb's identity jds Identität zu erkennen geben to reveal a secret ein Geheimnis verraten to reveal a talent ein Talent erkennen lassen the reporter refused to reveal his sources der Reporter weigerte sich, seine Quellen preiszugeben I do not propose to reveal details ich habe nicht die Absicht, Einzelheiten preiszugeben to disclose [or reveal] [or identify] one's sources seine Quellen preisgeben are you at liberty to reveal any names? dürfen Sie Namen nennen? they did not reveal their line of inquiry sie teilten nicht mit, in welcher Richtung sie ermittelten the play of emotion across his face revealed his conflict seine widerstreitenden Gefühle spiegelten sich in seinem Gesicht wider

Answer 518

/mi rak´yōō lǝs, -yǝ-/ adj. ● معجزه‌آسا،اعجازی،وراالطبیعه the miraculous birth of that prophet تولد معجزه‌آسای آن پیامبر ● شگفت انگیز،اعجاب آور the miraculous curative powers of penicillin نیروی درمان بخشی اعجاب آور پنی‌سیلین his miraculous escape from prison فرار شگفت آفرین او از زندان ● قادر به انجام معجزه [məˈrakyələs] adjective - miraculous معجزه اسا: miraculous a miraculous event ein Wunder to make a miraculous recovery wie durch ein Wunder genesen

Answer 519

framework noun UK /ˈfreɪm.wɜːk/ US /ˈfreɪm.wɝːk/ [ C ] a supporting structure around which something can be built C2 a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something: a legal framework for resolving disputes framework noun [ C ] US /ˈfreɪmˌwɜrk/ framework noun [C] (STRUCTURE) a structure around or over which something is built: the steel framework of a bridge framework noun [C] (ORGANIZATION) the ideas, information, and principles that form the structure of an organization or plan: They’re operating within the framework of a military bureaucracy. The agreement outlines a framework and schedule for resolving the issues. [ˈfrāmˌwərk] noun - framework چارچوب: framework, frame کالبد: framework, skeleton, mold, chassis, shell, mould بدنه: body, fuselage, trunk, shaft, framework چهارچوبه: framework استخوان بندی: skeleton, bone, anatomy, framework چوب بست: staging, scaffolding, scaffold, framework Common European Framework of Reference for Languages LING Gemeinsamer Europäischer Referenzrahmen für Sprachen

Answer 520

US UK AU severe [səˈviə] ♦ adjective 1 (of something unpleasant) serious; extreme: severe shortages of food; a severe illness; Our team suffered a severe defeat. سخت 2 strict or harsh: a severe mother; severe criticism. جدي 3 (of style in dress etc ) very plain: a severe hairstyle. ساده seˈverely ♦ adverb . به سختي seˈverity [-ˈve-] ♦ noun the severity of the punishment; the severity of her dress. سختي [səˈvi(ə)r] adjective - severe شدید: severe, intense, violent, drastic, intensive, vigorous سخت: hard, difficult, tough, strict, rigid, severe سخت گیر: strict, intransigent, stern, exacting, squeamish, severe شاق: burdensome, onerous, severe, astringent, stark, tall خشک: dry, arid, withered, barren, waterless, severe عنیف: drastic, harsh, hideous, repugnant, severe /sǝ vir´/ adj. ● شدید،سخت،ستهم severe difficulties مشکلات شدید severe cold سرمای سخت severe criticism انتقاد شدید a severe pain درد شدید a severe blow ضربه‌ی ستهم ● دشوار،مشکل،جانفرسا a severe test آزمون دشوار under severe conditions تحت شرایط دشوار ● سختگیر،سور،جدی severe to the point of cruelty سختگیر تا حد ظلم the government has been very severe about certain films دولت در مورد برخی فیلم‌ها خیلی سختگیری کرده‌است. a severe teacher معلم سختگیر ● عبوس،تندخو،تند when she saw me, her expression became severe وقتی که مرا دید قیافه‌اش درهم رفت. ● ساده،بی‌آذین،بی‌زیب she was dressed in a severe black coat یک پالتو ساده و سیاه به تن داشت. severe burns schwere Verbrennungen severe cold eisige Kälte severe tone barscher Ton severe storm heftiger Sturm severe reprimand scharfer Tadel severe judge strenger Richter/strenge Richterin severe headache heftige Kopfschmerzen severe pain starker Schmerz

Answer 521

schedule [ˈʃedjuːl, (American) ˈsked-] ♦ noun a statement of details, especially of timing of activities, or of things to be done: a work schedule for next month. برنامه زمان بندي ♦ verb to plan the time of (an event etc ): The meeting is scheduled for 9.00 a.m. زمان بندي كردن * He changes his schedule from day to day. او برنامه ی روزانه اش را روز به روز عوض می کند. * A lot of things happened and my schedule was messed up. اتفاقات زیادی افتاد و همه برنامه ریزی ام بهم ریخت. * Everything is on schedule. همه چیز طبق برنامه است. /ske´jool, shed´yōōl, shej´ōōl/ n., vt. ● (در اصل) کاغذ دست نویسی شده،سیاهه ● (معمولا ضمیمه‌ی ورقه‌ی خرید یا وصیت‌نامه یا ورقه‌ی مالیات و غیره) فهرست،ریزاقلام،صورت a schedule of household items belonging to the deceased فهرست اثاث منزل متعلق به متوفی ● برنامه،زمان‌بندی،برنامه‌ی زمان‌بندی شده،ترتیب زمانی،جدول زمانی class schedule برنامه‌ی کلاس‌ها my daily schedule برنامه‌ی روزانه‌ی من today, I have a full schedule امروز برنامه‌ام پر است (تمام اوقاتم گرفته است). this sheet contains today's schedule of events این ورقه حاوی جدول فعالیت‌های امشب است. they laid out a schedule for building the new factory ساختمان کارخانه‌ی جدید را زمان‌بندی کردند. ● (آمریکا) برنامه‌ی حرکت قطار (یا اتوبوس و غیره) a flight schedule برنامه‌ی (ساعات) پرواز ● زمان‌بندی کردن،در جدول زمانی وارد کردن،جزو برنامه کردن،برنامه (و غیره) تعیین کردن the train is scheduled to stop in Ghom طبق برنامه ترن در قم توقف خواهد کرد. Leyla has scheduled a meeting for next Monday لیلا برای دوشنبه‌ی دیگر جلسه تعیین کرده است. the repairs are scheduled to take six months طبق برنامه تعمیرات شش ماه طول خواهد کشید. [-jəl,ˈskejo͞ol] noun - schedule برنامه: program, plan, schedule, scheme, code, syllabus جدول: table, chart, schedule, list, diagram, tableau برنامه زمانی: schedule جدول زمانی: schedule فهرست: list, roster, catalog, inventory, index, schedule صورت: face, form, shape, figure, invoice, schedule فرانما: schedule verb - schedule زمان بندی کردن: schedule در برنامه گذاردن: schedule برنامه ریزی کردن: schedule صورت یا فهرستی ضمیمه کردن: schedule production schedule Fertigungsplan m heavy schedule voller [o. dicht gedrängter] Terminkalender Schedule F (zu versteuernde) Erträge von Dividenden und sonstigen Ausschüttungen Schedule E [zu versteuernde] Einkünfte aus nicht selbstständiger Arbeit Schedule A [zu versteuernde] Einkünfte aus Vermietung und Verpachtung von Grundstücken und Gebäuden Schedule D zu versteuernde Einkünfte, die nicht aus Beschäftigungen kommen train schedule Fahrplan m tight schedule gedrängter Terminkalender on schedule fristgerecht schedule B FIN Einkommenssteuergruppe f B teaching schedule Lehrplan m flight schedule Flugplan m schedule D FIN Einkommenssteuergruppe f D to fall behind schedule nicht in der Zeit liegen a cramped schedule [or timetable] ein voller Zeitplan to schedule a meeting eine Besprechung ansetzen a punishing schedule ein anstrengender [o. alle Kräfte beanspruchender] Terminplan schedule of redemption Tilgungsplan m

Answer 522

sophisticated [səˈfistikeitid] ♦ adjective (negative unsophisticated ) 1 (of a person) having a great deal of experience and worldly wisdom, knowledge of how to dress elegantly etc : a sophisticated young man; She has become very sophisticated since she went to live in London. خبره؛ ماهر 2 suitable for, or typical of, sophisticated people: The joke was too sophisticated for the child to understand; sophisticated clothes/hairstyles. سطح بالا 3 (of machines, processes etc ) highly-developed, elaborate and produced with a high degree of skill and knowledge: sophisticated photographic techniques. پيشرفته؛ پيچيده soˌphistiˈcation ♦ noun /-kāt´id/ adj. ● فرهیخته،کارکشته،وارد،پخته،چشم و گوش باز،پیراسته،آگاه،بافرهنگ،بامعرفت a sophisticated journalist یک روزنامه‌نویس بافرهنگ a sophisticated youth یک جوان چشم و گوش باز ● (از نظر فکری و فرهنگی) پرمایه،پیشرفته،پرمغز a sophisticated novel یک رمان پرمغز ● ناسره،ناخالص،قاتی‌دار،رقیق شده،ناناب sophisticated oil روغن دارای ناخالصی ● (متن) دارای دست بردگی،مخدوش،تحریف شده،دستکاری شده a sophisticated text متن دستکاری شده ● پیچیده،مدغم،چند جنبه‌ای،عالمانه،پیشرفته،چیره دستانه the sophisticated methods of modern research روش‌های پیچیده‌ی پژوهش‌های امروزی very sophisticated machinery ماشین‌آلات بسیار پیشرفته [səˈfistiˌkātid] adjective - sophisticated مصنوعی: artificial, false, sophisticated, dummy, feigned, forged در سطح بالا: sophisticated غیر طبیعی: unnatural, uncanny, preposterous, supernatural, sophisticated, subnormal تصنعی: sophisticated, dummy, mannered, put-on, self-imposed خبره وماهر: sophisticated مشکل وپیچیده: sophisticated 2. sophisticated: sophisticated (highly developed) hoch entwickelt sophisticated (highly developed) ausgeklügelt sophisticated method raffiniert sophisticated (complex) approach differenziert

Answer 523

frighten verb [ T ] UK /ˈfraɪ.tən/ US /ˈfraɪ.tən/ B2 to make someone feel fear: He frightens me when he drives so fast. You'll frighten the baby wearing that mask. The noise frightened me to death/out of my wits (= gave me a severe fright). /frī¥t´'n/ vt., vi. ● ترساندن،هراساندن (معمولا به طور ناگهانی)،وحشت زده کردن to be frightened هول کردن،ترسیدن Homa was frightened by a mouse هما از موش ترسید. ● مرعوب و وادار کردن،(از ترس) به کاری واداشتن to frighten someone into confessing از راه ترس کسی را به اقرار وادار کردن ● (با: away یا out یا off) رم دادن،رماندن،ترساندن و دور کردن her bad temper frightened away all her suitors خلق بد او همه‌ی خواستگارانش را رانده بود. the car's noise frightened the deer off صدای اتومبیل آهو را رم داد. ● (ناگهان) ترسیدن she frightens easily او زود می‌ترسد. AU [ˈfrītn] verb - frighten ترساندن: scare, frighten, intimidate, terrorize, deter, threaten بوحشت انداختن: fright, frighten, wolf متوحش کردن: frighten to [not] frighten easily [nicht] leicht Angst bekommen to frighten sb ⇆ off [sth] jdn [von etw Dat ] abschrecken to frighten [or scare] sb witless jdn zu Tode erschrecken to frighten sb into submission jdn durch Einschüchterung fügsam machen to frighten sb to death jdn zu Tode erschrecken to frighten away ⇆ sb/an animal jdn/ein Tier verscheuchen to scare [or frighten] the pants off sb jdm einen Riesenschrecken einjagen ugs to frighten sb out of doing sth jdn von etw Dat abschrecken

Answer 524

sloppy adjective (LACKING CARE) not taking care or making an effort: Spelling mistakes always look sloppy in a formal letter. Another sloppy pass like that might lose them the whole game. Sloppy clothes are large, loose, and do not look neat: At home I tend to wear big sloppy sweaters and jeans. sloppy adjective (EMOTIONAL) expressing feelings of love in a way that is silly or embarrassing: a sloppy love song [ˈsläpē] adjective - sloppy درهم و برهم: sloppy, untidy, unorganized, desultory, turbid, intricate شلخته: sloppy, grubby, slovenly, frumpy, slipshod, blowzy کثیف: dirty, filthy, messy, nasty, squalid, sloppy نا مرتب: irregular, disheveled, disordered, sloppy, unequal, untidy /släp´ē/ adj. ● پوشیده از گل و لای یا برف آبکی،برفابی،گلی،گلابی،گل آلود،خیس و کثیف ● ولنگار،شلخته،لچر،بد لباس،شورتی،بی دقت a sloppy student شاگرد شورتی Susan dresses sloppily سوسن شلخته‌وار لباس می‌پوشد. ● سر هم بندی شده،بد ساخت،حاکی از شلختگی،شورتی گرانه،ناشی گرانه،بد،سرسری sloppy writing نگارش سرهم‌بندی شده sloppy repair تعمیر ناشیانه ● (عامیانه) دارای احساسات غلو آمیز،پر آه و ناله sloppy sentimentality Rührseligkeit f sloppy food schlabberiges Essen ugs sloppy love song Schnulze f ugs sloppy romance novel Groschenroman m ugs a sloppy kiss ein feuchter Kuss to be a sloppy dresser [immer] schlampig herumlaufen

Answer 525

abandon verb [T] (STOP) C1 to stop doing an activity before you have finished it: The game was abandoned at half-time because of the poor weather conditions. They had to abandon their attempt to climb the mountain. The party has now abandoned its policy of unilateral disarmament. abandon [əˈbӕndən] ♦ verb 1 to leave, not intending to return to: They abandoned the stolen car. قید چیزی را زدن 2 to give (oneself) completely to: He abandoned himself to despair. خود را تسلیم چیزی کردن aˈbandoned ♦ adjective 1 shameless: an abandoned young woman. بی حیا 2 having been left without any intention of returning to or reclaiming: The police found the abandoned car. رها شده aˈbandonment ♦ noun Lack of money led to the abandonment of this plan. توقف * Why did you abandon me? چرا ترکم کردی؟ (?Ĉerā tarkam kardi) [əˈbandən] verb - abandon رها کردن: drop, abandon, unleash, release, liberate, leave تسلیم شدن: surrender, give in, submit, capitulate, succumb, abandon ترك گفتن: abandon واگذار کردن: concede, cede, assign, relegate, give, abandon تبعید کردن: exile, displace, abandon, banish, deport, expatriate دل کندن: abandon noun - abandon واگذاری: assignment, transfer, surrender, cession, submission, abandon بیخیالی: abandon رها سازی: triggering, emancipation, abandon, abandonment, dereliction, quit with abandon mit Leib und Seele to abandon a baby ein Baby aussetzen JUR to abandon an action eine Klage zurückziehen to abandon one's car sein Auto stehen lassen to abandon a plan einen Plan fallenlassen to abandon a claim einen Anspruch aufgeben to abandon ship das Schiff verlassen to abandon play das Spiel abbrechen he drinks with reckless abandon er trinkt völlig maßlos to abandon a game/match ein Spiel/Match abbrechen to abandon one's husband/wife seinen Ehemann/seine Ehefrau sitzenlassen ugs to abandon [or give up] hope die Hoffnung aufgeben to abandon sb to his/her fate jdn seinem Schicksal überlassen people were cavorting about with wild abandon die Leute tollten ausgelassen herum to abandon all pretence of doing sth noch nicht mal mehr so tun, als würde man etw tun pressure to abandon the new motorway is increasing die Forderungen, die neuen Autobahnpläne zu verwerfen, werden lauter the employers are threatening to abandon procedures that have been hammered out over the years die Arbeitgeber drohen damit, von Verfahren Abstand zu nehmen, die über Jahre hinweg mühsam erarbeitet wurden

Answer 526

/im´me môr´ē ǝl, im´mǝ-; im´ǝ-/ adj. ● دوران‌های بسیار باستانی،به یاد نیاوردنی،دیرین،فرایاد from time immemorial از زمان‌های کهن [ˌi(m)məˈmôrēəl] adjective - immemorial بسیار قدیم: immemorial دیرین: immemorial, bygone خیلی قدیم: immemorial خیلی پیر: immemorial, decrepit یاد نیاوردنی: immemorial خیلی کهنه: immemorial from [or since] time immemorial seit Urzeiten from [or since] time immemorial [or esp Brit out of mind] seit undenklichen Zeiten

Answer 527

/im´me môr´ē ǝl, im´mǝ-; im´ǝ-/ adj. ● دوران‌های بسیار باستانی،به یاد نیاوردنی،دیرین،فرایاد from time immemorial از زمان‌های کهن [ˌi(m)məˈmôrēəl] adjective - immemorial بسیار قدیم: immemorial دیرین: immemorial, bygone خیلی قدیم: immemorial خیلی پیر: immemorial, decrepit یاد نیاوردنی: immemorial خیلی کهنه: immemorial from [or since] time immemorial seit Urzeiten from [or since] time immemorial [or esp Brit out of mind] seit undenklichen Zeiten

Answer 528

contrast [kənˈtraːst] ♦ verb 1 to show marked difference from: His words contrast with his actions. مغایر بودن با؛ تضاد داشتن 2 to compare so as to show differences: Contrast fresh and frozen vegetables and you'll find the fresh ones taste better. مقایسه کردن [ˈkontraːst]noun 1 difference(s) in things or people that are compared: The contrast between their attitudes is very marked. تفاوت 2 a thing or person that shows a marked difference (to another): She's a complete contrast to her sister. تضاد [] noun - contrast کنتراست: contrast تقابل: contrast, mutuality تضاد: contradiction, conflict, contrast, opposition, polarization, antithesis مقابله: opposition, confronting, contrast, checking, collation, meeting face to face مخالفت: opposition, objection, disagreement, resistance, defiance, contrast تباین: contrast, divergence, heterogeny, incommensurability, inconsistence, inconsistency ضد: opposite, hostile, antagonist, contrast, opponent, adversary هم سنجی: contrast, comparison verb - contrast برابر کردن: equate, balance, compare, contrast, level out, parallel مقابله کردن: check, collate, contrast, compare, confront, verify مقایسه کردن: compare, contrast /kǝn trast´, kän´trast´/ vt., vi., n. ● مقایسه کردن (برای نشان دادن تفاوت‌ها)،همسنجی کردن،برابر هم گذاشتن،برابر نهش کردن،پادیست کردن to compare and contrast وجوه تشابه و تمایز را نشان دادن he contrasted the two poems او آن دو شعر را همسنجی کرد. ● (با: with) تضاد داشتن (با)،مغایر بودن با his deeds contrasted with his words رفتار او با حرفهایش تضاد داشت. ● مقایسه،برابر نهش،همسنجی،تقابل،پادیست،تباین،همبرنهاد ● تفاوت (به ویژه بین دو چیز مورد مقایسه) the noticeable contrast between those two countries تفاوت چشمگیر بین آن دو کشور ● (شخص یا چیز) متفاوت،برابر نهشته ● (نقاشی و تصویر تلویزیونی و سینمایی و غیره) تضاد،کنتراست (میزان تضاد بین دو رنگ و غیره)،پادنمایی contrast lighting نورپردازی دارای کنتراست * by contrast, in contrast در مقابل،در عوض،از سوی دیگر * contrastive, adj. تقابلی،همبری،تباینی،مقابله‌ای contrastive grammar دستور مقابله‌ای harsh contrast scharfer Kontrast by contrast im Gegensatz violent contrast krasser Gegensatz in contrast to sth im Gegensatz zu etw Dat to contrast sharply scharf kontrastieren by [or in] contrast im Gegensatz to contrast starkly with sth in krassem Gegensatz zu etw Dat stehen in marked contrast to sth im krassen Gegensatz zu etw Dat a marked contrast between sth ein spürbarer Gegensatz zwischen etw Dat to make quite a contrast einen großen Gegensatz [o. starken Kontrast] darstellen Richard, by contrast, works very much Richard hingegen arbeitet sehr viel to present a contrast to sth einen Gegensatz zu etw Dat darstellen the contrast of sth with sth der Kontrast [o. Gegensatz] zwischen etw Dat und etw Dat to provide a contrast to sth einen Kontrast zu etw Dat liefern to be in stark contrast to sth in krassem Gegensatz zu etw Dat stehen in stark contrast to sb/sth in krassem Gegensatz zu jdm/etw there's a striking contrast between what he does and what he says he does zwischen dem, was er behauptet zu tun und dem, was er tatsächlich tut, besteht ein himmelweiter Unterschied her pro-European views are in sharp contrast to those of many of her colleagues ihre proeuropäischen Ansichten sind denen vieler ihrer Kollegen diametral entgegengesetzt

Answer 529

lurk [ləːk] ♦ verb to wait in hiding especially with a dishonest or criminal purpose: She saw someone lurking in the shadows. کمین کردن /lu_rk/ vi. ● کمین کردن،خف کردن،(برای حمله) پنهان ماندن reporters were lurking behind the tree خبرنگاران پشت درخت کمین کرده بودند. ● نهفته باقی ماندن،در کمون بودن،مترصد بودن the doubt that lurked in my mind شک و تردیدی که در ذهن من ریشه کرده بود ● (پنهانی) حرکت کردن،پاورچین راه رفتن،یواشکی نزدیک شدن he lurked around like a thief او مانند یک دزد پاورچین پاورچین (و مخفیانه) به این طرف و آن طرف می‌رفت. [lərk] verb - lurk در خفا انجام دادن: lurk کمین کردن: stalk, ambush, lurk, scupper, waylay در تکاپو بودن: lurk, scrimmage در کمین شکار بودن: lurk در انتظار فرصت بودن: lurk دزدکی عمل کردن: lurk to lurk beneath the surface übtr unter der Oberfläche schlummern to lurk in the bushes/the dark sich Akk im Gebüsch/in der Dunkelheit verborgen halten

Answer 530

/pit´'ns/ n. ● دستمزد کم،حقوق ناچیز،شندر غاز،پاپاسی،حصه‌ی کوچک،سهم ناچیز she works long hours for a pittance او ساعت‌های متوالی برای شندرغاز کار می‌کند. he received a mere pittance of education تحصیلات او بسیار کم بود. [ˈpitns] noun - pittance مبلغ جزئي: pittance کمک هزینه مختصر: pittance چندرقاز: pittance a mere pittance nur ein Taschengeld nt ..., but for the company it's a mere pittance ..., aber das Unternehmen bezahlt das aus der Portokasse

Answer 531

dozen [ˈdazn]– plurals ˈdozens (after a number or a word signifying a quantity) ˈdozen – ♦ noun a group of twelve: two dozen handkerchiefs; These eggs are 50 cents a dozen; Half-a-dozen eggs, please. دو جین dozens (of) very many: I've been there dozens of times. خیلی * Do you sell eggs by the kilo or by the dozen? تخم مرغ رو کیلویی می فروشید یا بسته ای؟ /duz´ǝn/ n., pl. ● دوازده عدد،دوجین how much are eggs per dozen? قیمت هر دوجین تخم‌مرغ چقدر است‌؟ a dozen eggs یک دو جین تخم‌مرغ ● (معمولا جمع) زیاد،فراوان،چندین she had dozens of suitors او ده‌ها خواستگار داشت. I have dozens of things to do خیلی کار دارم. * by the dozen دوجینی،دوازده‌تا دوازده‌تا oranges were sold by the dozen پرتقال‌ها را دوجینی می‌فروختند. * the dozens (خودمانی ـ در میان سیاهان امریکا) شوخی رکیک (لفظی)

Answer 532

defiant adjective UK /dɪˈfaɪ.ənt/ US /dɪˈfaɪ.ənt/ proudly refusing to obey authority: a defiant attitude/gesture The protesters blocking the entrance to the offices remained defiant this morning. not willing to accept criticism or disapproval: The CEO was in a defiant mood as she entered the boardroom. [diˈfīənt] adjective - defiant مبارز: fighting, combatant, defiant, combative, adversary جسور: daring, bold, defiant, cocky, hardy, insolent بدگمان: suspicious, distrustful, mistrustful, defiant مخالف: contrary, opposing, dissident, dissenting, averse, defiant خیره چشم: cocksy, cocky, cynic, cynical, defiant, graceless بی اعتناء: defiant, inobservant /-ǝnt/ adj. ● مبارزه‌خواه،عرض اندام کننده،نافرمان،سرپیچی کننده،سرپیچگر،گردنکش،متجاوز،متجاسر ● ستیزجوی،ستیزگرای،سرسخت they wanted him to repent but he was defiant to the end از او خواستند که اظهار ندامت کند ولی او تا آخر سرسختی کرد. to remain defiant uneinsichtig [o. unnachgiebig] bleiben to take a defiant stand eine Protesthaltung einnehmen to be in a defiant mood in Kampfstimmung sein

Answer 533

widespread adjective US /ˈwɑɪdˈspred/ existing or happening in many places or among many people: Minnesota has experienced widespread flooding. /-spred´/ adj. ● گسترده،باز he came to me with widespread arms با آغوش باز به سویم آمد. ● شایع،فراوان،رایج،دامنه‌دار the use of this drug is very widespread in Africa مصرف این دارو در افریقا بسیار رایج است. one of the most widespread diseases یکی از شایع‌ترین بیماری‌ها [ˈwīdˈspred] adjective - widespread گسترده: widespread, palmate, perfect, splay, far-reaching, wide-spreading شایع: prevalent, rampant, widespread, rife, publicized, current متداول: common, popular, usual, current, prevalent, widespread همه جا منتشر: widespread widespread discontent weit verbreitete Unzufriedenheit widespread looting allgemeine Plünderei there is widespread speculation that ... es wird weithin spekuliert, dass ... the campaign has received widespread support die Kampagne stieß auf breite Unterstützung there are reports of widespread flooding in southern France es wird von großflächigen Überschwemmungen in Südfrankreich berichtet there has been a widespread reaction against the government's proposed tax increases die von der Regierung vorgesehenen Steuererhöhungen stoßen weitgehend auf Ablehnung

Answer 534

opponent noun [ C ] UK /əˈpəʊ.nənt/ US /əˈpoʊ.nənt/ B2 a person who disagrees with something and speaks against it or tries to change it: a political opponent Leading opponents of the proposed cuts in defence spending will meet later today. B2 a person who someone is competing against in a sports event: In the second game, her opponent hurt her leg and had to retire. opponent [əˈpəunənt] ♦ noun a person who opposes: an opponent of the government; He beat his opponent by four points. دشمن؛ رقیب opporˈtune ♦ adjective coming at the right time: an opportune remark. بموقع opporˈtunely ♦ adverb . بطور بموقع opporˈtuneness ♦ noun . لحظه مناسب opportunism ♦ noun . فرصت طلبی opporˈtunist ♦ noun a person who takes advantage of any circumstance which will help him personally: a political opportunist. آدم فرصت طلب noun - opponent حریف: opponent, adversary, rival, match, foe, competitor مخالف: dissident, dissident, opponent, anti, adversary, antagonist طرف مقابل: opponent, opposite party طرف: side, hand, party, direction, opponent, angle معارض: opponent منازع: opponent, enemy, litigant خصم: enemy, adversary, antagonist, foe, opponent, foeman ضد: opposite, hostile, antagonist, contrast, opponent, adversary عدو: oppositionist, assailant, enemy, adversary

Answer 535

stubborn [ˈstabən] ♦ adjective obstinate, or unwilling to yield, obey etc : He's as stubborn as a donkey. لجوج /stub´ǝrn/ adj. ● سرسخت،مصمم،یک‌دنده،لجوج،لجباز،خودرای،چشم سفید،کله شق،خیره سر،سمج a stubborn man آدم سرسخت ● سر سختانه،لجوجانه،مصممانه stubborn resistance مقاومت سرسختانه ● مقاوم،دپرپای،دیر درمان،دیرالتیام،بدقلق a stubborn disease بیماری دیر درمان a stubborn engine یک موتور بدقلق ● پیگیر،بی‌امان stubborn campaigns مبارزات بی‌امان [ˈstəbərn] adjective - stubborn خیره: stubborn, dazed, insolent, amazed, bold, impudent سمج: stubborn, persistent, importunate, insisting, pertinacious لجوج: stubborn, obstinate, dour, opinionated, dogged, obdurate کله شق: stubborn, pertinacious, bull-headed, obstinate, mulish, pigheaded خیره سر: stubborn, wayward, obstinate, bold, brave, fearless سرکش: rebellious, disobedient, indomitable, rebel, recalcitrant, stubborn معاند: obstinate, rancorous, stubborn, inimical, spiteful, contumacious ستیزه جو: militant, contentious, quarrelsome, stubborn, antagonistic, intractable ستیزه گر: pugnacious, stubborn, antagonistic, quarrelsome سر سخت: tenacious, stubborn, dogged, tough, recalcitrant, hardy ستیز جو: quarrelsome, stubborn ستیز گر: antagonistic, contentious, militant, obstinate, quarrelsome, stubborn stubborn stains hartnäckige Flecken stubborn resistance hartnäckiger Widerstand stubborn refusal hartnäckige Weigerung stubborn problem vertracktes Problem stubborn pain hartnäckiger Schmerz stubborn child störrisches Kind stubborn hair widerspenstiges Haar you're a stupid, stubborn cuss! du bist ein sturer [alter] Esel! abw ugs

Answer 536

knee-jerk: instinctive, not fully thought through knee-jerk adjective disapproving UK /ˈniː.dʒɜːk/ US /ˈniː.dʒɝːk/ knee-jerk reaction, response, etc. a quick reaction that does not allow you time to consider something carefully knee-jerk adjective US/ˈniˌdʒɜrk/ happening or existing as a result of habit, rather than careful consideration: When asked about crime, the mayor’s knee-jerk reaction is to call for longer prison sentences.

Answer 537

relish [ˈreliʃ] ♦ verb to enjoy greatly: He relishes his food; I relished the thought of telling my husband about my promotion. لذت بردن ♦ noun 1 pleasure; enjoyment: He ate the food with great relish; I have no relish for such a boring task. اشتیاق؛ رغبت 2 a strong flavour, or a sauce etc for adding flavour. مزه؛ طعم؛ چاشنی /rel´ish/ n., vt., vi. ● مزه،طعم،ذائقه a relish of garlic in the soup طعم سیر در آبگوشت ● نشانه،اثر a relish of hatred in her look نشانه‌ای از نفرت در نگاه او ● میل،خوشی،لذت،اشتیاق،رغبت،شوق،شور to listen with relish با میل گوش دادن they showed little relish for that task برای آن کار رغبت زیادی نشان ندادند. ● هر چیز اشتیاق انگیز ● چاشنی،(خوراک) مخلفات (ترشیجات و غیره)،گزک do you want your hamburger with or without relish? همبرگر خود را با ترشی و مخلفات می‌خواهید یا بدون آن‌؟ fresh vegetables are a popular relish in Iran در ایران سبزی خوردن جزو مخلفات متداول است. ● (نادر) طعم دادن،مزه‌دار کردن ● رجوع شود به: appetizer ● لذت بردن،خوش آمدن (از چیزی)،دوست داشتن،تمتع بردن I relished the skill of Iranian musicians از مهارت موسیقی نوازان ایرانی خوشم آمد. the workers did not relish the probability of a cut in their wages کارگران از احتمال کاهش مزدشان خرسند نبودند. I do not relish the thought of working with him از فکر کار کردن با او خوشم نمی‌آید. ● خوشمزه بودن،طعم خوب داشتن a bit of vinegar will make this food more relishing قدری سرکه این خوراک را خوش‌طعم‌تر خواهد کرد. ● مزه یا طعم یا ویژگی چیزی را داشتن his style relishes too much of the sea سبک او بیش از حد رنگ و بوی دریا را دارد. [ˈreliSH] noun - relish رغبت: relish, zest, propensity, goo طعم: taste, flavor, odor, palate, savor, relish ذوق: taste, gusto, liking, penchant, verve, relish چاشنی: stuffing, flavor, seasoning, detonator, flavoring, relish مزه: taste, flavor, zest, savor, gusto, relish میل: desire, liking, tendency, will, shaft, relish ذائقه: palate, relish, sapor, sapour اشتها: appetite, stomach, relish مقدار کم: trace, smidgen, modicum, paucity, relish, soupcon خوش طعمی: flavor, gust, relish, sapidity, haut-gout خوش مزگی: flavor, humor, jocularity, bon mot, gust, relish verb - relish لذت بردن از: relish, joy مزه اوردن: relish خوش مزه کردن: zest, flavor, relish, sauce, taste, flavour با رغبت خوردن: relish

Answer 538

vigorous adjective UK /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/ US /ˈvɪɡ.ɚ.əs/ very forceful or energetic: a vigorous debate There has been vigorous opposition to the proposals for a new road. He takes plenty of vigorous exercise. healthy and strong: Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring. [ˈvig(ə)rəs] adjective - vigorous شدید: severe, intense, violent, drastic, intensive, vigorous قوی: strong, powerful, potent, heavy, bouncing, vigorous نیرومند: strong, powerful, mighty, formidable, vigorous, potent زورمند: mighty, vigorous /vig´ǝr ǝs/ adj. ● پرتوان،پرنیرو،قدرتمند،نیرومند،توانمند ● تهمتن،قلچماق،زورمند a vigorous handsome young man یک مرد جوان پر زور و خوش قیافه ● (گیاه) برومند،سبز و خرم،خوش رشد a vigorous fig tree یک درخت انجیر پربار ● شدید،ستهم،قاطع،سخت،زورمندانه،قاطعانه،جدی،مجدانه،محکم a vigorous protest یک اعتراض شدید the vigorous enforcement of the laws اجرای قاطعانه‌ی قوانین vigorous exercise is not good for everyone ورزش شدید برای همه کس خوب نیست. ● سرسخت،سرسختانه the vigorous continuation of resistance ادامه‌ی سرسختانه‌ی مقاومت a vigorous enemy of materialism دشمن سرسخت ماده‌گرایی ● سرزنده،شاداب،پرشور و حرارت vigorous reaction stürmische Reaktion vigorous growth kräftiges Wachstum vigorous health robuste Gesundheit vigorous exercises intensive Übungen vigorous denial/protest energisches Leugnen/energischer Protest light/heavy [or vigorous] workout leichtes/hartes Training to make a vigorous speech eine feurige Rede halten we went for a vigorous walk wir machten einen strammen Spaziergang

Answer 539

sane adjective UK /seɪn/ US /seɪn/ C2 having a healthy mind and not mentally ill: In the doctor's opinion he was sane at the time of the murder. humorous The only thing which keeps me sane after a hard day in the office is jogging! C2 showing good judgment and understanding: It was a sane decision and one we all respected. sane [sein] ♦ adjective 1 not mad: in a perfectly sane state of mind. عاقل 2 sensible: a very sane person. معقول ˈsanely ♦ adverb . عافلانه ˈsanity [ˈsӕ-] ♦ noun the state or quality of being sane: I am concerned about her sanity. سلامت عقل adjective - sane سالم: healthy, sound, intact, wholesome, healthful, well دارای عقل سلیم: sane

Answer 540

deterrence noun [ U ] UK /dɪˈter.əns/ US /dɪˈter.ənts/ the action or the fact of deterring people from doing something: They believed in the principle of nuclear deterrence. noun - deterrence بازداری: inhibition, deterrence, blockage, dissuasion بازداشت: detention, arrest, arrestment, deterrence, backset, curb dē tu_r´ ǝns/ n. ● بازداری،بازدارش (از طریق تهدید به عمل متقابل)،انصراف انگیزی ● سیاست انباشتن سلاح‌های اتمی به منظور منصرف کردن دشمن احتمالی از حمله nuclear deterrence سیاست انصراف‌انگیزی اتمی

Answer 541

incapacitate verb [ T often passive ] UK /ˌɪn.kəˈpæs.ɪ.teɪt/ US /ˌɪn.kəˈpæs.ə.teɪt/ to make someone unable to work or do things normally, or unable to do what they intended to do: The accident left me incapacitated for seven months. Rubber bullets are designed to incapacitate people rather than kill them. incapacitate verb [ T ] US /ˌɪn·kəˈpæs·ɪˌteɪt/ to remove someone’s ability to do something: The accident incapacitated me for seven months. incapacitating adjective US /ˌɪn·kəˈpæs·əˌteɪ·t̬ɪŋ/ an incapacitating illness incapacity noun [ U ] US /ˌɪn·kəˈpæs·ɪ·t̬i/ The novel tells the story of a man’s incapacity for love. /in´kǝ pas´ǝ tāt´/ vt. ● ناتوان کردن،ناقادر کردن،از کار انداختن age incapacitated him سالخوردگی او را ناتوان کرد. ● (حقوق) سلب noun - incapacitation نا توانی: inability, incapacitation, disability, impotence, failure, asthenia محجوری: incapacitation

Answer 542

retribution noun [ U ] fml US /ˌre·trəˈbju·ʃən/ deserved punishment: He was seeking retribution for the crime committed against him. retribution [retriˈbjuːʃən] ♦ noun punishment, especially deserved. کیفر؛ مجازات /re´trǝ byōō´shǝn/ n. ● سزا،پاداش (عمل خوب یا بد)،بادافره،اجر they were not given just retribution for their services برای خدماتشان به آنها منصفانه پاداش ندادند. ● عدالت،دادرسی the day of retribution روز دادرسی (قیامت) ● کیفر،عقوبت،مجازات،عذاب the retribution awaiting murderers کیفری که در انتظار آدمکشان است divine retribution in the form of storm and floods تنبیه الهی به صورت توفان و سیل [ˌretrəˈbyo͞oSHən] noun - retribution کیفر: penalty, retribution مجازات: punishment, penalty, retribution, reprimand تلافی: retaliation, revenge, reprisal, retort, retribution, compensation پاداش: reward, remuneration, compensation, fee, gratuity, retribution کیفری: retribution سزا: reward, punishment, retribution, remuneration, requital عقبی: afterworld, Armageddon, Doomsday, Last Judgment, Judgment Day, retribution divine retribution die gerechte Strafe Gottes to escape retribution seiner Strafe entgehen retribution overtook him die Strafe holte ihn schnell ein

Answer 543

deter verb [ T ] UK /dɪˈtɜːr/ US /dɪˈtɝː/ -rr- to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it: These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack. High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses. deter [diˈtəː]– past tense, past participle deˈterred – ♦ verb to make less willing or prevent by frightening: She was not deterred by his threats. جلوگیری کردن؛ منصرف کردن deˈterrent [-ˈte-, (American) -ˈtə:-] ♦ noun, ♦ adjective (something) that deters: The possession of nuclear weapons by nations is thought to be a deterrent against nuclear war itself; a deterrent effect. بازدارنده؛ پیشگیر /dē tu_r´, di-/ vt. ● (با ایجاد ترس یا تردید و غیره) بازداری کردن،جلوگیری کردن،منصرف کردن fear of atomic retalliation deterred the communists from attacking ترس از تلافی با سلاح اتمی کمونیست‌ها را از حمله بازداشت. punishment did not deter him from repeating his crime تنبیه او را از تکرار بزه خود بازنداشت. a good dog can deter burglars یک سگ خوب می‌تواند جلو دزدها را بگیرد. Thesaurus [diˈtər] verb - deter ترساندن: scare, frighten, intimidate, terrorize, deter, threaten باز داشتن: deter, encumber, prevent, debar, dissuade, arrest تحذیر کردن: deter to deter an attack einen Angriff verhindern nothing will deter him nichts wird ihn [davon] abhalten to deter sb from doing sth jdn davon abschrecken [o. abhalten] , etw zu tun

Answer 544

inflict [inˈflikt] ♦ verb (with on ) to give or impose (something unpleasant and unwanted): Was it necessary to inflict such a punishment on him?; She is always inflicting her company on me. تحمیل کردن inˈfliction [-ʃən] ♦ noun . تحمیل سازی؛ وارد آوردن /in flikt´/ vt. ● (درد و زحمت) تحمیل کردن،(ضربه و زخم) زدن،(تلفات) وارد کردن،به سر (کسی) آوردن we inflicted heavy casualties on the enemy ما تلفات زیادی به دشمن وارد آوردیم. to inflict a wound on someone زخم زدن به کسی he enjoys inflicting pain on others او از تحمیل درد به دیگران خوشش می‌آید. to inflict punishment تنبیه کردن to inflict defeat شکست دادن ● دچار کردن یا بودن (بیشتر afflict می‌گویند)# v [inˈflikt] verb - inflict ضربت وارد اوردن: inflict تحمیل کردن: impose, inflict, protrude, burden, constrain, horn in ضربت زدن: bump, jab, strike, bob, contuse, inflict to inflict a punishment eine Strafe verhängen fachspr to inflict one's opinion/views on sb jdm seine Meinung/Ansichten aufzwingen [o. ugs aufdrücken] to inflict oneself/one's company on sb sich Akk jdm aufdrängen to inflict a fine/punishment on sb jdm eine Geldbuße/Bestrafung [o. Strafe] auferlegen

Answer 545

utilitarian adjective UK /ˌjuː.tɪ.lɪˈteə.ri.ən/ US /juːˌtɪl.əˈter.i.ən/ designed to be useful rather than decorative: Like many factories, it's a very ugly utilitarian building. /yōō til´ǝ ter´ē ǝn/ adj., n. ● وابسته به مفید بودن (رجوع شود به: utility) ● تاکید به سودمند بودن یا به کار خوردن (در برابر زیبا بودن وغیره)،کارور،عملی،مفید،سهل الاستفاده to subordinate the aesthetic aspects of a library to its utilitarian aspects جنبه‌های زیباشناسی کتابخانه را نسبت به جنبه‌های عملی آن در درجه‌ی دوم اهمیت قرار دادن ● کارورگرای،استفاده‌گرای his office is very utilitarian in style sein Büro ist sehr praktisch eingerichtet

Answer 546

scrutiny noun [ U ] UK /ˈskruː.tɪ.ni/ US /ˈskruː.t̬ən.i/ C2 the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it: The government's record will be subjected to/come under (close) scrutiny in the weeks before the election. scrutiny [ˈskruːtəni] ♦ noun careful, detailed examination or inspection: Famous people live their lives under continuous public scrutiny. بررسي دقيق ˈscrutinize, *ˈscrutinise ♦ verb to examine carefully: He scrutinized the coin with a magnifying-glass. موشكافي كردن /skrōōt´'n ē/ n., pl. ● نگاه موشکافانه،ژرف‌نگری،نگاه عمیق a careful scrutiny of the forged document نگاهی دقیق به سند جعلی ● (دقیق) دیده‌وری،بررسی،وارسی،موشکافی،مداقه nothing escaped the mother-in-law's scrutiny وارسی دقیق مادرشوهر هیچ چیز را نادیده نمی‌گرفت. the matter has been under the committee's constant scrutiny موضوع تحت بررسی دائم کمیسیون بوده است. ● م [ˈskro͞otn-ē] noun - scrutiny بررسی: study, check, survey, checking, scrutiny, discussion بررسی دقیق: scrutiny موشکافی: scrutiny, fastidiousness, astuteness, pedantism رسیدگی: investigation, attention, consideration, handling, examination, scrutiny مداقه: scrutiny تحقیق: research, investigation, inquiry, scholarship, probe, scrutiny constant scrutiny Routineüberprüfungen pl to bear [or stand [up to]] scrutiny einer [genauen] [Über]prüfung [o. Untersuchung] standhalten to come under [or be subjected to] [close] scrutiny einer [genauen] [Über]prüfung [o. Untersuchung] unterzogen werden her research is carried on under intense scrutiny ihre Forschungen werden strengstens überwacht

Answer 547

refute [rəˈfjuːt] ♦ verb to prove that (a person, statement etc ) is wrong: You can easily refute his argument. اشتباه کسی را اثبات کردن reˈfutable ♦ adjective . انکار پذیر ˌrefuˈtation [refju-] ♦ noun . تکذیب؛ رد /ri fyōōt´/ vt. ● (استدلال کسی را) رد کردن،(خلاف چیزی را) اثبات کردن I refute your reasoning with better logic استدلال شما را با منطق بهتر رد می‌کنم. [riˈfyo͞ot] verb - refute رد کردن: reject, throw down, refuse, deny, decline, refute تکذیب کردن: disprove, deny, impugn, rebut, refute اشتباه کسی را اثبات کردن: refute to refute sth irresistibly etw überzeugend widerlegen to refute an assertion [or contention] eine Behauptung widerlegen [o. entkräften] to refute a statement/testimony eine Aussage/Zeugenaussage entkräften to refute a charge [or an allegation] einen Vorwurf entkräften to refute an argument/a theory/a thesis ein Argument/eine Theorie/eine These widerlegen

Answer 548

voluminous adjective formal UK /vəˈluː.mɪ.nəs/ US /vəˈluː.mə.nəs/ A voluminous piece of clothing is large and consists of a lot of cloth: Her voluminous silk dress billowed out behind her. A voluminous piece of writing is long and detailed: Have you read McClelland's voluminous account of his life? vǝ lōōm´ǝ nǝs/ adj. ● حجیم،گنجا،بزرگ،کت و گنده،تنومند،هیکل‌دار a voluminous Negress held him by the hand یک زن سیاهپوست تنومند دستش را گرفت. ● متعدد،پرشمار،فراوان،زیاد her virtues are voluminous محسنات او زیاد است. ● وابسته به یا در چند کتاب یا جلد متعدد his voluminous writings include ten novels نوشته‌های متعدد او شامل ده رمان است. a voluminous history of England تاریخ چند جلدی انگلستان ● (قدیمی) پر پیچ و خم،پرچین و شکن [vəˈlo͞omənəs] adjective - voluminous حجیم: massive, voluminous, large, huge بزرگ: great, large, big, major, mighty, voluminous فراوان: abundant, many, great, plenty, plentiful, voluminous انبوه: dense, luxuriant, thick, aggregate, bushy, voluminous مفصل: detailed, lengthy, long, ample, full, voluminous جسیم: bodied, bulky, voluminous, corpulent, massy voluminous clothes weit [geschnitten] voluminous written account umfangreich voluminous writer produktiv

Answer 549

equipped adjective UK /ɪˈkwɪpt/ US /ɪˈkwɪpt/ equipped adjective (PROVIDED) C1 having the necessary tools, clothes, equipment, etc.: Their schools are very poorly equipped. We were well equipped for the trip. equip verb [ T ] UK /ɪˈkwɪp/ US /ɪˈkwɪp/ -pp- equip verb [T] (EQUIPMENT) B2 to provide a person or a place with objects that are necessary for a particular purpose: It's going to cost $4 million to equip the hospital. All the police officers were equipped with shields to defend themselves against the rioters. equip [iˈkwip] ♦ verb– past tense, past participle eˈquipped – to fit out or provide with everything needed: He was fully equipped for the journey; The school is equipped with four computers. مجهز کردن eˈquipment ♦ noun 1 the clothes, machines, tools etc necessary for a particular kind of work, activity etc : The mechanic could not repair the car because he did not have the right equipment; The boy could not afford the equipment necessary for mountaineering. وسایل؛ تجهیز 2 the act of equipping. مجهز سازی /ē kwip´, i-/ vt. ● مجهز کردن،افزارمند کردن،داراکردن a ship equipped with every modern means of navigation کشتی دارای همه گونه وسایل ناوبری جدید a park equipped with three swimming pools پارکی دارای سه استخر شنا ● تجهیز کردن،سلاح‌دار کردن،جنگ‌افزارمند کردن،بسیج کردن،ساز و برگ دادن troops equipped for battle قشون‌های تجهیز شده برای نبرد ● (با آموزش یا تمرین) آماده کردن،آمادن he went back to school to equip himself for a career in teaching به مدرسه بازگشت تا خود را برای کار معلمی آماده کند. I was young and not equipped to handle love and marriage جوان بودم و آمادگی پرداختن به عشق و ازدواج را نداشتم. ● (برای کار بخصوصی) جامه پوشیدن،خود را ملبس کردن equipped in the national dress of Scotland ملبس به جامه‌ی ملی اسکاتلند [iˈkwip] verb - equip مجهز کردن: equip, furnish, provide, arm, fit, rig مجهز ساختن: equip مسلح کردن: arm, equip, rig, heel, panoply اراستن: decorate, adorn, primp, blazon, illustrate, equip سازوبرگ دادن: equip

Answer 550

moreover adverb formal UK /ˌmɔːˈrəʊ.vər/ US /ˌmɔːrˈoʊ.vɚ/ B2 (used to add information) also and more importantly: The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate. moreover adv. ● علاوه بر این،به اضافه،به علاوه،از این گذشته I am not interested in your carpet; moreover, I can't afford it علاقه‌ای به فرش شما ندارم‌; علاوه بر این،استطاعت آن را هم ندارم. [môrˈōvər] adverb - moreover علاوه بر این: moreover, therewith بعلاوه: plus, as well as, in addition, also, further, moreover

Answer 551

chill [tʃil] ♦ noun 1 coldness: There's a chill in the air. سرما؛ خنکی 2 an illness which causes shivering: I think I've caught a chill. چایمان؛ لرز ♦ adjective cold: a chill wind. سرد ♦ verb to make cold (without freezing): Have you chilled the wine? خنک کردن ˈchilly ♦ adjective cold: a chilly day. سرد ˈchilliness ♦ noun . خنکی؛ سرما [CHil] noun - chill سرما: cold, chill خنکی: coolness, freshness, chill, vapidity چایمان: chill verb - chill خنک کردن: cool, chill, refresh, refrigerate, fresh, keel سرد کردن: cool, chill, refrigerate, make cold خنک شدن: freshen, chill, keel منجمد کردن: ice, chill, congeal, glaciate adjective - chill مایه دلسردی: chill مایوس: disappointed, chill /chil/ n., adj., vi., vt. ● خنک کردن یا شدن،(چیز گرم را) سرد کردن (ولی نه به مرحله‌ی انجماد)،چاییدن glass can break because of rapid heating or chilling شیشه ممکن است به واسطه‌ی زود گرم شدن یا سرد شدن بشکند. ● احساس سردی کردن،لرز کردن my fingers are chilled انگشتانم سرد شده. a chilly morning breeze نسیم سرد صبحگاهی ● ترساندن،دچار چندش کردن،چندیدن،(ناگهان) هراساندن،هول کردن a chilling experience تجربه‌ای هراس انگیز (هولناک) a chilling story of betrayal and murder داستان چندش آور خیانت و قتل ● چایمان،سرماخوردگی (خفیف)،نزله،زکام،فراشا she caught a chill and couldn't go زکام شد و نتوانست برود. ● هراس (ناگهانی)،بیم،ترس،اشمئزاز،چندش،لرزه (در اثر ترس یا تنفر) the sight sent a chill down his spine آن منظره پشتش را لرزاند. ● (هوا) سرد،(هوا) سوزدار،چایمان she lit a fire to reduce the chill برای کاستن سرما آتش روشن کرد. ● دلسردی a chill spread over the group at the sad news آن خبر بد موجب دلسردی گروه شد. ● (رفتار) سرد the chill in their attitude towards us سردی طرز برخورد آنها با ما ● (فلزکاری) قالب سرد،مبرد،ریجه،ریخته‌گری چایشی (تبریدی)،سرد ریز(ی)،چایشگری * fever and chills تب و لرز anticipatory chill bange Vorahnung to catch a chill sich Akk erkälten to chill sb's marrow jdm einen [eiskalten] Schauer über den Rücken jagen to take a chill pill Am sl sich Akk abregen ugs to chill sb to the bone jdn bis ins Mark erschüttern to send a chill down sb's spine übtr jdm einen Schauer über den Rücken jagen to take the chill off [of] sth etw erwärmen man, you really need to chill [out]! Mensch, jetzt reg dich doch mal ab! ugs

Answer 552

aside [əˈsaid] ♦ adverb on or to one side: They stood aside to let her pass; I've put aside two tickets for you to collect. کنار ♦ noun words spoken (especially by an actor) which other people (on the stage) are not supposed to hear: She whispered an aside to him. حرف های هنرپیشه که حضار می شنوند اما بازیگران دیگر نمی شنوند put aside(often with for) to keep (something) for a particular person or occasion: Would you put this book aside for me and I'll collect it later; We have put aside the dress you ordered. کنار گذاشتن /ǝ sīd´/ adv., n. ● در یک کنار،به یک طرف pull the curtain aside! پرده را کنار بکش‌! ● کنار (گذاشتن) put this book aside for me این کتاب را برایم کنار بگذارید. let us lay this proposal aside temporarily بیایید موقتا این پیشنهاد را کنار بگذاریم. ● به کنار،صرفنظر از joking aside, are you coming or not ? شوخی به کنار،آمدنی هستی یا نه‌؟ ● (در نمایش) حرف‌های هنرپیشه که حضار می‌شنوند ولی سایر بازیگران روی صحنه نمی‌شنوند ● (نویسندگی) حاشیه رفتن،ضمن داستان گویی خواننده را مخاطب قرار دادن * aside from 1- به جز،به استثنای aside from Ali, everyone came late به جز علی همه دیر آمدند. 2- به علاوه،علاوه بر aside from sports, what else are you interested in? به غیر از ورزش به چه چیز دیگری علاقمندی‌؟ * brush (sweep) aside رد کردن،انکار کردن * put (set) aside کنار گذاشتن،صرفنظر کردن * step (move) aside کنار رفتن،کناره گیری کردن * take someone aside کسی را (برای مذاکره یا پند و غیره) به کناری کشیدن to stand clear [or aside] aus dem Weg gehen to lay aside money Geld beiseitelegen [o. sparen] to cast inhibitions aside Hemmungen loswerden to take sb aside jdn beiseitenehmen to lay sth aside etw zur Seite legen [o. beiseitelegen] to say sth aside etw beiseitesprechen (als Regieanweisung) to move sth [aside] etw beiseiteräumen joking apart [or aside] Spaß beiseite [all] joking aside Spaß beiseite to step aside zur Seite gehen please stand aside bitte treten Sie [einen Schritt] zur Seite to stand aside zur Seite treten to turn aside sich Akk zur Seite drehen to move [aside] (go) zur Seite gehen to toss aside one's scruples seine Skrupel ablegen to put some money aside etwas Geld zurücklegen to sweep aside ⇆ doubts/objections Zweifel/Einwände beiseiteschieben [o. abtun] to lay aside one's differences seine Differenzen beilegen

Answer 553

bounce [bauns] ♦ verb 1 to (cause to) spring or jump back from a solid surface. جهیدن؛ ورجه وورجه کردن 2 (of a cheque) to be sent back unpaid, because of lack of money in a bank account. برگشت خوردن ♦ noun 1 (of a ball etc ) an act of springing back: With one bounce the ball went over the net. جهش 2 energy: She has a lot of bounce. انرژی ˈbouncing ♦ adjective strong and lively: a bouncing baby. پر جنب و جوش [bouns] noun - bounce گزاف گویی: bounce, extravaganza, verbosity, hyperbole, grandiloquence, magniloquence پرش: jump, leap, bounce, fly جست: skip, leap, bounce, gambol verb - bounce پریدن: jump, vault, bounce, skip, fly, flight گزاف گویی کردن: bounce بالا جستن: bounce پس جستن: bounce بیرون انداختن: throw out, eject, expel, bounce, excrete, extrude مورد توپ و تشر قرار دادن: bounce /bouns/ n., vt., vi. ● (مانند توپی که به زمین بخورد) جهیدن،ورجه‌ورجه کردن،ورجهیدن،جهاندن،سیستن،جهمند بودن the grenade bounced twice and exploded نارنجک دو بار جهش کرد و منفجر شد. he kept bouncing the ball off the floor مرتب توپ را به کف اتاق می‌زد. before serving the ball, she bounced it once پیش از زدن توپ یکبار آن را ورجهانید. ● جهش،ورجهش،ورجه‌ورجه،جهندگی،جهمندی the ball has lost its bounce گوی،جهندگی خود را از دست داده است. ● (خودمانی - معمول در قمار خانه یا میخانه) آدم مزاحم یا بد مست را بیرون انداختن،اخراج the drunken man was bounced out of the tavern مرد مست را از میخانه بیرون کردند. ● ورپریدن،ناگهان پریدن،برجستن to bounce out of bed از بستر ورجستن (با سرعت بلند شدن) he bounced up and cut off his two ears برجست و از او دو گوش ببرید ● (بانکداری) چک بی‌محل را برگرداندن،وازدن،واخواست شدن due to insufficient funds, my check bounced به خاطر نبودن وجه کافی در حساب چکم واخواست شد (برگشت خورد). ● (انگلیس) گستاخی،هارت و پورت ● (عامیانه) پویایی،انرژی،پرتکاپویی،انعطاف،سرسختی ● بالا و پایین پریدن the children were bouncing on the mattress بچه‌ها روی تشک ورجه وورجه می‌کردند. I was bouncing my grandson on my knee نوه‌ام را روی زانوی خود بالا و پایین می‌انداختم. * bounce back (عامیانه - انرژی یا جرات و غیره) دوباره به دست آوردن،به حال اول بازگشتن * the bounce (ا to bounce the ball den Ball aufspringen lassen to bounce a baby ein Baby schaukeln a bad bounce ungünstig abgeschlagener Ball to bounce into the room übtr ins Zimmer stürzen to give sb the bounce jdn hinauswerfen ugs to bounce a cheque [or Am check] einen Scheck platzenlassen to be beaten by the bounce nicht mehr an den Ball kommen to bounce off at an angle schräg abprallen to bounce the ball back [to sb] den Ball [zu jdm] zurückwerfen

Answer 554

apprehend [apriˈhend] ♦ verb 1 to arrest: The police apprehended the thief. دستگیر کردن 2 to understand. فهمیدن؛ درک کردن ˌappreˈhension [-ʃən] ♦ noun 1 fear. دلهره؛ ترس 2 understanding. فهم؛ درک ˌappreˈhensive [-siv] ♦ adjective anxious; worried: an apprehensive expression. نگران؛ دلواپس ˌappreˈhensively ♦ adverb . با نگرانی ˌappreˈhensiveness ♦ noun . نگرانی [ˌapriˈhend] verb - apprehend درک کردن: understand, comprehend, realize, perceive, appreciate, apprehend دریافتن: find out, understand, discover, apprehend, realize, apperceive توقیف کردن: arrest, apprehend, book, confiscate, detain, distrain بیم داشتن: apprehend, reck هراسیدن: apprehend /ap´rē hend´/ vt., vi. ● دستگیر کردن،توقیف کردن the police apprehended two men accused of murder پلیس دو مرد متهم به قتل را دستگیر کرد. ● درک کردن،دریافتن،فهمیدن we often fail to apprehend the real meaning of change ما اغلب معنی واقعی دگرگونی را درک نمی‌کنیم. ● بیم داشتن،نگران بودن ● (مهجور) در دست گرفتن to apprehend danger Gefahr wittern

Answer 555

C2 death, destruction, or any very bad situation that cannot be avoided: A sense of doom hung over the entire country. The newspapers are always full of doom and gloom (= bad news and unhappiness) these days. doom verb [ T ] US /dum/ to be the certain cause of someone or something having a bad end, esp. to die or to fail: The effort is doomed to failure. He was doomed to be a one-term president like Jimmy Carter. doom [duːm] ♦ noun fate, especially something terrible and final which is about to happen (to one): The whole place had an atmosphere of doom; His doom was inevitable. سرنوشت شوم؛ بدشگونی ♦ verb to condemn; to make certain to come to harm, fail etc : His crippled leg doomed him to long periods of unemployment; The project was doomed to failure; He was doomed from the moment he first took drugs. دچار عقوبت کردن؛ به سرنوشت بدی دچار کردن doom [duːm] ♦ noun fate, especially something terrible and final which is about to happen (to one): The whole place had an atmosphere of doom; His doom was inevitable. سرنوشت شوم؛ بدشگونی ♦ verb to condemn; to make certain to come to harm, fail etc : His crippled leg doomed him to long periods of unemployment; The project was doomed to failure; He was doomed from the moment he first took drugs. دچار عقوبت کردن؛ به سرنوشت بدی دچار کردن [do͞om] noun - doom محشر: doom, Doomsday سرنوشت: fate, destiny, doom, karma, lot, destination حکم: sentence, ruling, verdict, warrant, decree, doom فلک: heaven, sphere, sky, firmament, felucca, doom سرنوشت بد: doom حکم مجازات: doom ضلالت: straying, error, deviation, aberration, perdition, doom verb - doom حکم دادن: determine, doom, judge impending doom drohendes Unheil the harbinger[s] of doom schlechte Vorzeichen pl merchant of doom [or gloom] Schwarzseher(in) m (f) the crack of doom der Jüngste Tag he met his doom liter sein Schicksal ereilte ihn liter scherzh a prophet of doom Unheilsverkünder(in) m (f) prophet of doom Pessimist(in) m (f) portent of doom [böses] Zeichen des Schicksals until the crack of doom bis zum Jüngsten Tag the newspapers are always full of doom and gloom these days iron scherzh die Zeitungen sind heutzutage voll von Katastrophenmeldungen

Answer 556

adolescent [ӕdəˈlesnt] ♦ adjective in the stage between childhood and adulthood. بالغ ♦ noun a person at this stage of life: Adolescents often quarrel with their parents. نوجوان ˌadoˈlescence ♦ noun . نوجوانی hesaurus [ˌadlˈesənt] noun - adolescent نوجوان: teenager, adolescent, juvenile, youngster, stripling, younker adjective - adolescent جوان: young, youthful, adolescent, boyish بالغ: adult, mature, adolescent, ripe, full, major رشید: adolescent, high /ad´'l es´'nt/ adj., n. ● نوجوان،وابسته به نوجوانی،بالغ (از سن بلوغ تا حدود بیست و یک سالگی) ● کم تجربه،خام،خام‌دست his remarks struck me as being adolescent and ill-judged گفته‌هایش به نظرم خام و نابخردانه بود.

Answer 557

amygdala noun [ C ] ANATOMY specialized UK /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/ US /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/ plural amygdalae UK/əˈmɪɡ.də.liː/ US/əˈmɪɡ.də.liː/ one of two parts of the brain that affect how people feel emotions, especially fear and pleasure

Answer 558

bizarre [biˈzaː] ♦ adjective odd or very strange: a bizarre turn of events. عجیب و غریب /bi zär´/ adj. ● عجیب و غریب،(از نظر رفتار یا شکل و قیافه) شگفت‌آور the bizarre appearance of the natives frightened the child ظاهر عجیب و غریب بومیان بچه را ترساند. ● (از نظر رنگ و طرح و سبک) ناجور ● ناگهان و باور نکردنی،خارق‌العاده،نامانوس a bizarre sequence of events یک سلسله رویدادهای خارق‌العاده [biˈzär] adjective - bizarre غریب و عجیب: bizarre, grotesque, antic غیر مانوس: bizarre ناشی از هوس: bizarre وهمی: illusory, unreal, imaginary, uncanny, bizarre, Gothic

Answer 559

proliferate verb [ I ] formal UK /prəˈlɪf.ər.eɪt/ US /prəˈlɪf.ə.reɪt/ to increase a lot and suddenly in number: Small businesses have proliferated in the last ten years. [prəˈlifəˌrāt] verb - proliferate کثیر شدن: proliferate زیاد شدن: increase, augment, grow, gain, mount, proliferate بسط وتوسعه یافتن: proliferate vt., vi. ● (به سرعت و پی در پی) شاخ و برگ درآوردن،پربارشدن،(تقسیم سلولی) تکثیر شدن،چند شاخه شدن nerve ends proliferate انتهای عصب‌ها به چند شاخه تقسیم می‌شود. ● تکثیر یافتن،فزونی یافتن،وستادن،هنگفتیدن the company's branches proliferated fast شعبه‌های شرکت به سرعت فزونی یافت.

Answer 560

reliance noun [ U ] UK /rɪˈlaɪ.əns/ US /rɪˈlaɪ.əns/ C2 the state of depending on or trusting in something or someone: The region's reliance on tourism is unwise. You place too much reliance on her ideas and expertise. reliance noun [ U ] US /rɪˈlɑɪ·əns/ the condition of depending on something or someone: She said that there is too much reliance on meat in our diet. reliant adjective US /rɪˈlɑɪ·ənt/ The nation is still reliant on imported oil. the state of needing or depending on something or someone in order to be able to do something: reliance on sth/sb Ireland has a greater reliance on oil for electricity generation than most other EU countries. increasing/growing/heavy reliance on sth The company's increasing reliance on subcontractors involves several risks, including reduced control over pricing. We are in talks with potential partners in Asia as part of our strategy to reduce our reliance on the American market. /-ǝns/ n. ● اطمینان،اتکا،اعتماد،دلگرمی،پشتگرمی،استام،اوستام my reliance is on God alone پشت گرمی من به خداست و بس. [riˈlīəns] noun - reliance اعتماد: confidence, trust, faith, reliance, belief, credence تکیه: reliance, emphasis, support, rest, prop, stay اتکاء: reliance, support توکل: trust, reliance, dependence دل گرمی: assurance, encouragement, reliance, morale to place reliance on sth sich Akk auf etw Akk verlassen to build sb's self-reliance jds Selbstvertrauen stärken sb cannot avoid reliance on sth jd ist auf etw Akk angewiesen the region's reliance on tourism is unwise es ist unklug, dass die Region sich nur auf den Tourismus verlässt to place reliance on sb/sth Vertrauen in jdn/etw setzen self-reliance Eigenständigkeit f

Answer 561

US UK AU manner [ˈmӕnə] ♦ noun 1 a way in which anything is done etc : She greeted me in a friendly manner. حالت 2 the way in which a person behaves, speaks etc : I don't like her manner. رفتار 3 (in plural ) (polite) behaviour, usually towards others: Why doesn't she teach her children (good) manners? ادب -ˈmannered having, or showing, manners of a certain kind: a well- / bad-mannered person. دارای رفتار بخصوص ˈmannerism ♦ noun an odd and obvious habit in a person's behaviour, speech etc : He scratches his ear when he talks and has other mannerisms. اطوار؛ عادت all manner of all kinds of: He has all manner of problems. همه نوع in a manner of speaking in a certain way: I suppose, in a manner of speaking, I am an engineer. قطعا /man´ǝr/ n. ● روش،طرز،طور،طریق،روال the manner of opening this box طرز باز کردن این جعبه he spoke in an offensive manner او به طرز زننده‌ای حرف می‌زد. food prepared in the Chinese manner خوراکی که به روش چینی تهیه شده است ● (طرز) رفتار،خو،عادت،لحن،هنجار his sarcastic manner رفتار سخره آمیز او he spoke to all the children as was his manner او طبق عادت با همه‌ی بچه ها صحبت کرد. ● (جمع) سلوک،رفتار اجتماعی،سنت‌ها،باب روز،آداب (ادب)،نزاکت a comedy of manners شادمایش (کمدی) آداب اجتماعی good manners نیک رفتاری،رفتار پسندیده bad manners بی‌ادبی،زشت رفتاری،رفتار ناپسند a child who has no manners طفلی که ادب ندارد the licentious manners of a corrupt society رفتار بی‌بندوبار یک اجتماع فاسد this novel is a study in the manners of this class این رمان،پژوهشی است در چگونگی رفتار این طبقه. ● (هنر و ادبیات و غیره) سبک،اسلوب different jazz manners سبک های مختلف موسیقی جاز paintings done in his early manner نقاشی هایی که به سبک ابتدایی او کشیده شده است ● گونه،نوع،جور،قسم،طور what manner of man is he? او چه طور آدمی است‌؟ all manner of things همه جور چیز he picked up all manner of more or less important information او همه گونه اطلاعات کم و بیش مهم را کسب کرد. * all manner of همه جور،همه قبیل،همه نوع * by any manner of means 1- اصلا،به هیچ وجه 2- به هر صورت،به هر طریق * by all manner of means البته،حتما،هرطور که شده،به هرطریق * by no manner of means 1- ابدا،هرگز،به هیچ وجه 2- به هر صورت،به هر طریق * in a manner born به اصطلاح،از برخی نظرها،تااندازه‌ای * manners make the man ارزش مرد به رفتار اوست * to the manner born آموخته از بدو زندگی،خوگرفته از زمان تولد،طبیعتا مناسب برای [ˈmanər] noun - manner روش: method, way, procedure, manner, how, system چگونگی: how, manner, quality, state, condition, circumstance طرز: way, how, mode, manner, method, fashion رفتار: behavior, conduct, treatment, manner, action, demeanor طریقه: way, method, manner, mode, path, fashion طور: way, manner, mode, method طریق: way, manner, path, fashion, mode, road راه: way, road, path, route, avenue, manner سبک: style, method, way, mode, fashion, manner نوع: type, kind, sort, species, nature, manner ادب: politeness, decorum, manner, politesse, complaisance, curtsey قسم: kind, sort, type, manner, persuasion, adjuration سیاق: manner, style, way, method, arithmetic, form رسوم: mores, etiquette, manner مسلک: manner, path, method, way تربیت: upbringing, nurture, pedagogy, cultivation, steerage, manner عنوان: title, caption, heading, headline, way, manner سان: way, manner, parade, how, inspection, ostentatious show سلیقه: taste, style, tact, manner فن: technique, art, branch of knowledge, branch of science, manner, mode طرز عمل: procedure, modus operandi, action, mode, manner direct manner direkte Art professional manner professionelles Auftreten intimidating manner einschüchternde Art suave manner weltmännische/zuvorkommende Art amicable manner freundliche [o. liebenswürdige] Art engaging manner einnehmende Art vainglorious manner hochnäsige Art regal manner Vornehmtuerei nt abw bland manner ruhige Art lively manner lebhafte Art snotty manner unverschämte Art pleasing manner zuvorkommende Art aloof manner reservierte [o. distanzierte] Art commanding manner gebieterische Art abw calculating manner berechnende Art perfunctory manner abweisende Art professorial manner professorales Gehabe abw disingenuous manner verlogene Art

Answer 562

occur [əˈkəː]– past tense, past participle ocˈcurred – ♦ verb 1 to take place: The accident occurred yesterday morning. اتفاق افتادن 2 (with to ) to come into one's mind: An idea occurred to him; It occurred to me to visit my parents. خطور کردن 3 to be found: Oil occurs under the sea. یافت شدن ocˈcurrence [-ˈka-, (American) -ˈkə:-] ♦ noun a strange occurrence. اتفاق occurrence, ~occurred and occurring have two r s. [əˈkər] verb - occur رخ دادن: occur, happen, befall, arise, outcrop, turn up اتفاق افتادن: happen, fall out, occur, betide, hap, come to pass واقع شدن: occur, situate, happen, lie خطور کردن: haunt, strike, flash, occur, dawn upon /ǝ ku_r´/ vi ● رخ دادن،روی دادن،اتفاق افتادن،به وقوع پیوستن accidents which occur at home حوادثی که در خانه رخ می‌دهد successful marriages do not occur by themselves, but are planned carefully ازدواج‌های موفقیت‌آمیز،خود به خود روی نمی‌دهند بلکه با دقت طرح ریزی می‌شوند. how did it occur? چگونه روی داد؟ her death occurred around noon مرگ او حدود ظهر اتفاق افتاد. ● وجود داشتن،یافت شدن،بودن fish occur in most lakes اکثر دریاچه‌ها دارای ماهی هستند. that sound does not occur in the Persian language آن صدا در زبان فارسی وجود ندارد. ● (با:to) خطور کردن (به فکر)،از خاطر گذشتن something occurred to me that I had never thought of before چیزی به خاطرم خطور کرد که هرگز فکرش را نکرده بودم. didn't it occur to you that he might be lying? آیا فکر نکردی که ممکن است دروغ بگوید؟ to occur to sb that ... jdm in den Sinn kommen, dass ... don't let it occur again sieh zu, dass das nicht wieder passiert accidents regularly occur at this bend an dieser Kurve kommt es ständig zu Unfällen if the drought continues, deaths will occur on a massive scale wenn die Dürre anhält, werden die Todesfälle massiv ansteigen

Answer 563

infringement noun [ C or U ] UK /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ.mənt/ US /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ.mənt/ an action that breaks a rule, law, etc.: copyright infringement Even minor infringements of the law will be severely punished. [inˈfrinjmənt] noun - infringement تخلف: violation, infringement, infraction, delinquency, transgression, contravention تجاوز: violation, assault, infringement, encroachment, transgression, attack تعدی: infringement, oppression, violation, incursion, inroad breach [or infringement] of copyright Verstoß m gegen das Urheberrecht an infringement of copyright ein Verstoß gegen das Urheberrecht

Answer 564

indigenous adjective UK /ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.nəs/ US /ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ə.nəs/ used to refer to, or relating to, the people who originally lived in a place, rather than people who moved there from somewhere else : So who are the indigenous people of this land? The indigenous population has long suffered exclusion and profound injustice. He studied Mixtec, an indigenous language of Mexico. used to refer to plants and animals that grow or live naturally in a place, and have not been brought there from somewhere else: Are there any species of frog indigenous to the area? The snakes are a serious threat to indigenous wildlife owing to their big appetites. not foreign or from outside an area: The rise of indigenous Chinese enterprises has posed a threat to Hong Kong companies. They are doing this by the import of arms from Western sources and by the development of indigenous industries. [inˈdijənəs] adjective - indigenous بومی: native, indigenous, endemic, domestic, vernacular, aboriginal طبیعی: natural, normal, physical, indigenous, inherent, innate ذاتی: inherent, intrinsic, essential, innate, natural, indigenous فطری: innate, natural, indigenous, inborn, inartificial, inbred /in dij´ǝ nǝs/ adj. ● بومی،بومزاد lions are indigenous to Africa شیر بومی افریقا است. Indians are indigenous inhabiants of America سرخپوستان ساکنان بومی امریکا هستند. plants that are indigenous to the Loot Desert گیاهان بومی کویر لوت ● نهادی،درون زاد،فطری behavior that is indigenous to human beings رفتاری که در انسان‌ها ذاتی است indigenous people Einheimische pl the indigenous flora and fauna die heimische Tier- und Pflanzenwelt to be indigenous to Europe plants, animals, etc in Europa heimisch [o. beheimatet] sein

Answer 565

outrageous adjective UK /ˌaʊtˈreɪ.dʒəs/ US /ˌaʊtˈreɪ.dʒəs/ B2 shocking and morally unacceptable: The judge criticized the "outrageous greed" of some of the bankers. [ + that ] It is outrageous that these buildings remain empty while thousands of people have no homes. These prices are just outrageous (= much too high). used to describe something or someone that is shocking because they are unusual or strange: outrageous clothes/behaviour an outrageous character /out rā´jǝs/ adj. ● (شدیدا) خشونت‌آمیز،زشت،شنیع،تکان دهنده،وحشتناک his behavior toward his children is outrageous رفتار او نسبت به بچه‌هایش بسیار زشت است. an outrageous murder قتل شنیع ● اهانت‌آمیز،توهین‌آمیز outrageous remarks اظهارات اهانت‌آمیز ● بسیار بد this outrageous weather! این هوای لعنتی‌!

Answer 566

abundance noun [ S or U ] formal UK /əˈbʌn.dəns/ US /əˈbʌn.dəns/ the situation in which there is more than enough of something: There was an abundance of food at the wedding. This team has talent in abundance. abundance [əˈbandəns] ♦ noun a large amount: an abundance of food; There was food in abundance. وفور aˈbundant ♦ adjective plentiful: abundant proof. فراوان aˈbundantly ♦ adverb . بطور فراوان [əˈbəndəns] noun - abundance فراوانی: abundance, plenty, affluence, redundancy, profusion, amplitude وفور: abundance, wealth, affluence, profusion, bounty, exuberance فزونی: excess, increase, abundance, affluence, exuberance, enlargement سرک: addition, bidding, exuberance, abundance, excess, raise natural abundance NUCL natürliche Isotopenhäufigkeit isotopic abundance [natürliche] Isotopenhäufigkeit in abundance in Hülle und Fülle to have an abundance of sth reich an etw Dat sein Canada has an abundance of wildlife Kanada hat eine sehr reiche Tierwelt he had an abundance of good ideas er hatte jede Menge guter Ideen

Answer 567

margin [ˈmaːdʒin] ♦ noun 1 the blank edge round a page of writing or print: Please write your comments in the margin. حاشیه 2 an edge or border: the margin of the lake. لبه 3 something extra, beyond what should be needed: Leave a wide margin for error! حد ˈmarginal ♦ adjective small and almost non-existent or unimportant: a marginal improvement. حاشیه ای [ˈmärjən] noun - margin حاشیه: margin, border, fringe, verge, brink, braid لبه: edge, rim, edging, margin, border, ledge تفاوت: difference, difference, diversity, discrepancy, margin حد: limit, extent, bound, measure, margin, deal کنار: bank, edge, margin, lotus, brink, verge بودجه احتیاطی: margin verb - margin حاشیه دار کردن: hem, fringe, marge, margin /mär´jǝn/ n., vt. ● حاشیه،لبه،کناره،کنار he has written his notes on the margins of the book او یادداشت‌های خود را در حواشی کتاب نوشته است. the carpet's margin is dark blue حاشیه‌ی فرش آبی تیره است. she stood at the margin of the lake در کنار دریاچه ایستاد. a village built at the margin of a forest دهکده‌ای که در کنار جنگل ساخته شده بود. ● (گیاه شناسی) لبه‌ی برگ ● (حشره شناسی) لبه‌ی بال ● حد،مرز a joke that was on the margin of bad taste یک شوخی که در مرز کژ سلیقگی قرار داشت. ● اختلاف،تفاوت،فرور،نابرابری،ناسانی they won by a wide margin آنها با اختلاف زیاد برنده شدند. the vote was 40 to 30, a margin of ten رای 40 به 30 بود،یعنی یک اختلاف ده تایی ● (بازرگانی: فرق میان هزینه و قیمت کالای تولید شده و غیره - خرید و فروش سهام و غیره: ودیعه یا پول پرداختی به دلال سهام جهت هزینه‌های حقوقی و یا تضمین در مقابل ضرر احتمالی - بانکداری و غیره: تفاوت میان مبلغ وام و ارزش روز وثیقه‌ای که در برابر وام داده شده است - اقتصاد: حداقل درآمد که با آن بتوان به کار ادامه داد) مرهونه،وثیقه،گرویی،وجه‌الضمان،ارزش،دارایی خالص،ارزش ویژه،حاشیه‌ی سود،سود ناویژه،تفاوت نرخ،تفاوت مزیت this company's profit margin is very low حاشیه‌ی سود این شرکت بسیار کم است. the margin of production حاشیه‌ی تولید margin trading معامله در حد قیمت (در خرید و فروش سهام) ● (روان‌شناسی) مرز خودآگاهی،لبه‌ی هشیاری ● لبه‌دار کردن،حاشیه‌دار کردن،کناره‌دار کردن the book's pages are nicely printed and wide - margined صفحات کتاب خوش چاپ و پهن حاشیه اند. ● در لبه یا کناره قرار گرفتن،مرز (چیزی را) تشکیل دادن there were trees margining the shore صفی از درختان در راستای کرانه قرار داشت. ● حواشی نویسی کردن،در حاشیه‌ی متن یادداشت نوشتن،کناره نویسی کردن he margined all of the pages with his comments او نظرات خود را در حاشیه‌ی همه‌ی صفحات کتاب نوشت. ● (بازرگانی) وثیقه گذاری کردن،وجه‌الضمان (برای خرید سهام) دادن،حاشیه‌ی سود معین کردن arbitrage margin internationales Zinsgefälle [profit] margin Verdienstspanne f margin call Einschussforderung f lending margin Finanzierungsmarge f der Banken safety margin [or margin for safety] übtr Pufferzone f to set the margin TYPO den Rand einstellen margin of [or for] error Fehlerspanne f to buy on margin auf Einschuss kaufen pre-tax profit [or margin] Vorsteuerergebnis nt narrow [or tight] margin geringe [o. knappe] Gewinnspanne to rule off a margin einen Rand ziehen to write sth in the margin TYPO etw an den Rand schreiben

Answer 568

correlate verb [ I or T ] UK /ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt/ US /ˈkɔːr.ə.leɪt/ If two or more facts, numbers, etc. correlate or are correlated, there is a relationship between them: Stress levels and heart disease are strongly correlated (= connected). correlate verb [ I or T ] UK /ˈkɒrəleɪt/ US if two things correlate, or are correlated, they are connected, and affect each other: correlate to sth At this point, the advertising hasn't correlated to an increase in sales. correlate (sth) with sth Oil sales are closely correlated with economic growth. /kôr´ǝ lāt´, kär´-/ n., adj., vt., vi. ● همبسته،لازم و ملزوم،هم‌خویش،هم‌وابستگی،قرینه،همال ● همبسته بودن یا کردن،همبستگی داشتن،لازم و ملزوم بودن،بستگی داشتن،هم‌وابستگی داشتن to be correlated همبسته بودن old age and conservatism are often correlated پیری و محافظه‌کاری اغلب به هم وابسته‌اند. ● (با: with) قرینه کردن،جفت کردن یا شدن،همال کردن یا شدن،ارتباط دادن یا داشتن verb - correlate مرتبط کردن: correlate همبستگی داشتن: correlate noun - correlate قرین: correlate, doublet, cobber, compeer, counterpart, tally

Answer 569

adequate adjective US /ˈæd·ɪ·kwət/ enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose: He didn’t have adequate time to prepare for the exam. adequacy noun [ U ] US/ˈæd·ɪ·kwə·si/ We must re-examine the adequacy of our current security procedures. adequately adverb US /ˈæd·ɪ·kwət·li/ Were you adequately paid, or do you need more money? adequate [ˈӕdikwət] ♦ adjective sufficient; enough: He does not earn a large salary but it is adequate for his needs. کافی ˈadequately ♦ adverb . به اندازه کافی ˈadequacy ♦ noun . کفایت؛ بسندگی /ad´i kwǝt/ adj. ● کافی،بسنده،به اندازه‌ی لازم the prisoners were not given adequate food به زندانیان خوراک کافی داده نمی‌شد. his salary was not adequate حقوق او بسنده نبود. to be adequate کفاف کردن،بسنده بودن،کافی بودن ● کافی ولی نه رضایتبخش،قابل قبول ولی نه عالی his English is adequate انگلیسی او بد نیست. we didn't thank him adequately به اندازه‌ی کافی از او سپاسگزاری نکردیم.

Answer 570

emancipate verb [ T ] UK /iˈmæn.sɪ.peɪt/ US /iˈmæn.sə.peɪt/ to give people social or political freedom and rights to free a person from another person’s control Together they emancipated the art of experiment from being a mere craft activity and endowed it with the status of a science. This left co-operative structures fragile, new social agents without resources, and the state's earlier commitment to emancipate the indigenous peasantry barely begun. Every important turn in human history has always been accompanied by a movement of emancipating the mind. emancipate [iˈmӕnsipeit] ♦ verb to set free from slavery or other strict or unfair control. از قید چیزی آزاد کردن؛ رهانیدن eˌmanciˈpation ♦ noun . آزادی؛ رهاسازی /ē man´sǝ pāt´, i-/ vt. ● (از بردگی یا اسارت و غیره) آزاد کردن،رهاندن،رهانیدن،رهایی دادن،از قید چیزی نجات دادن Lincoln emancipated American slaves لینکلن بردگان امریکا را آزاد کرد. in some countries, women are still not fully emancipated در بعضی کشورها زنان هنوز از آزادی کامل برخوردار نیستند. ● (حقوق - از والدین کودک صلب اختیار و سرپرستی کردن) از قیمومت در آوردن * emancipation, n. رهایی،آزادی،رها،رهاسازی،نجات to emancipate oneself from sb/sth sich Akk von jdm/etw emanzipieren [o. unabhängig machen] to emancipate sb from sth jdn von etw Dat befreien [o. frei machen]

Answer 571

defame verb [ T ] formal UK /dɪˈfeɪm/ US /dɪˈfeɪm/ to damage the reputation of a person or group by saying or writing bad things about them that are not true: Mr Turnock claimed the editorial had defamed him. He was behind the propaganda campaign to defame his political opponent. defamation noun [ U ] US /ˌdef·əˈmeɪ·ʃən/ [diˈfām] verb - defame بد نام کردن: defame, vilify, denigrate, malign, asperse, attaint خوار کردن: humiliate, debase, disgrace, blemish, reproach, defame

Answer 572

defame verb [ T ] formal UK /dɪˈfeɪm/ US /dɪˈfeɪm/ to damage the reputation of a person or group by saying or writing bad things about them that are not true: Mr Turnock claimed the editorial had defamed him. He was behind the propaganda campaign to defame his political opponent. defamation noun [ U ] US /ˌdef·əˈmeɪ·ʃən/ [diˈfām] verb - defame بد نام کردن: defame, vilify, denigrate, malign, asperse, attaint خوار کردن: humiliate, debase, disgrace, blemish, reproach, defame

Answer 573

monologue noun [ C ] (US also monolog) UK /ˈmɒn.əl.ɒɡ/ US /ˈmɑː.nə.lɑːɡ/ a long speech by one person: disapproving He subjected me to a monologue on his last stay in hospital. a short play for one actor: Alan Bennett wrote a series of monologues called "Talking Heads". monologue [ˈmonəlog] ♦ noun a long speech by one person eg in a film, play etc . تک سخنگویی [-ˌäg,ˈmänlˌôg] noun - monologue تک سخنگویی: monologue صحبت یک نفری: monologue

Answer 574

prey [prei]– plural prey – ♦ noun a bird or animal, birds or animals, that is/are hunted by other birds or animals for food: The lion tore at its prey. طعمه beast/bird of prey an animal, eg the lion, or a bird, eg the eagle, that kills and eats others. حیوانات شکاری prey on, *upon to attack as prey: Hawks prey upon smaller birds. شکار کردن prey is a noun or a verb: a bird of prey (not pray ); to prey on (not pray on ) smaller creatures. /prā/ n., vi. ● (در اصل) غنیمت،یغما،مال غارت شده ● (حیوانی که توسط حیوان دیگر شکار شود) فریسه،طعمه،چشته،شکار،مسته eagles were circling overhead looking for prey عقاب‌ها در آسمان چرخ می‌زدند و دنبال طعمه می‌گشتند. ● (جانوران دیگر را) شکار کردن،طعمه قرار دادن ● (جانور) شکارگر،درنده،چشته خوار،طعمه جو birds of prey پرندگان شکاری cats ptey on mice گربه موش شکار می‌کند. ● (انسانی که طعمه‌ی انسان یا چیز دیگر شود) قربانی،اسیر،ملعبه she was always a pery to doubts همیشه دچار شک و تردید بود. old people become easy prey to dishonest salesmen اشخاص سالخورده به آسانی طعمه‌ی فروشندگان دغلکار می‌شوند. he is attractive and preys on rich widows او جذاب است و بیوه زن‌های پولدار را می‌چاپد. ● رنج دادن،دچار کردن grief preyed on his mind اندوه فکر او را رنج می‌داد. * fall prey to something طعمه‌ی چیزی شدن،دچار چیزی شدن

Answer 575

exploit [ˈeksploit] ♦ noun a (daring) deed or action: stories of his military exploits. کار برجسته؛ شاهکار [ikˈsploit]verb 1 to make good or advantageous use of: to exploit the country's natural resources. بهره برداری کردن از 2 to use (eg a person) unfairly for one's own advantage. سو استفاده کردن ˌexploiˈtation ♦ noun . بهره برداری؛ استثمار [] verb - exploit استثمار کردن: exploit استخراج کردن: extract, exploit, elicit, draw out, educe, pan بکار انداختن: operate, actuate, activate, agitate, exercise, exploit بهره برداری کردن از: exploit, use بکار بردن: use, apply, handle, exert, exploit, put noun - exploit شاهکار: masterpiece, feat, masterwork, exploit, performance, stunt کردار: deed, action, act, karma, issue, exploit رفتار: behavior, conduct, treatment, manner, action, exploit کار برجسته: feat, exploit, performance /eks´ploit´, eks ploit´/ n., vt. ● استثمار کردن،بهره گیری کردن،بهره کشی کردن،سواستفاده کردن ● استثمار،بهره‌کشی the exploitation of the masses by the capitalists استثمار توده‌ها توسط سرمایه داران ● مورد استفاده قرار دادن،بهره برداری کردن to exploit the mineral resources of the country بهره برداری از منابع معدنی کشور ● (آگهی‌های بازرگانی و غیره) مورد توجه قرار دادن،ایجاد علاقه کردن to exploit a product درباره‌ی فرآورده‌ای بسیار تبلیغ کردن to exploit a colony eine Kolonie ausbeuten to exploit a loophole eine Gesetzeslücke nutzen she intends to exploit this opportunity to the maximum sie hat vor, diese Chance bestmöglich zu nutzen

Answer 576

scent [sent] ♦ verb 1 to discover by the sense of smell: The dog scented a cat. بوي خوش 2 to suspect: As soon as he came into the room I scented trouble. بابو تشخيص دادن 3 to cause to smell pleasantly: The roses scented the air. خوشبو كردن ♦ noun 1 a (usually pleasant) smell: This rose has a delightful scent. بو 2 a trail consisting of the smell which has been left and may be followed: The dogs picked up the man's scent and then lost it again. بو كشيدن 3 a liquid with a pleasant smell; perfume. عطر ˈscented ♦ adjective (negative unscented ) sweet-smelling: scented soap. خوش بو put/throw (someone) off the scent to give (a person) wrong information so that he will not find the person, thing etc he is looking for: She told the police a lie in order to throw them off the scent. رد گم كردن noun - scent عطر: perfume, fragrance, aroma, scent, odor, attar رایحه: smell, scent, aroma, aura, odor, breath بو: smell, odor, scent, aroma, savor, redolence خوشبویی: scent, aroma, balm, flavour پی: foundation, substratum, nerve, footstep, fundament, scent ادراک: perception, understanding, savvy, conception, cognition, realization رد پا: footprint, runway, trace, track, footstep, spoor verb - scent عطر زدن: perfume, scent, use perfume بو کشیدن: sniff, snuffle, scent, nose, snook to scent danger Gefahr ahnen to pick up the scent Witterung aufnehmen to exhale a gas/scent Gas ausstoßen/Duft verströmen to be put off a scent [or trail] die Spur verlieren to put [or throw] sb off the scent also übtr jdn abschütteln [o. ugs loswerden] to be on the scent of sth/sb also übtr etw/jdm auf der Fährte sein a. übtr the evening air was full of the scent of roses die Abendluft war erfüllt von Rosenduft

Answer 577

comprehend [kompriˈhend] ♦ verb 1 to understand. فهمیدن 2 to include. شامل بودن ˌcompreˈhensible ♦ adjective capable of being understood. قابل درک ˌcompreˈhension [-ʃən] ♦ noun the act or power of understanding: After reading the passage the teacher asked questions to test the children's comprehension. درک؛ فهم ˈcompreˈhensive [-siv] ♦ adjective including many things: The school curriculum is very comprehensive. جامع؛ فراگیر ˌcompreˈhensively ♦ adverb . بطور جامع ˌcompreˈhensiveness ♦ noun . جامع بودن؛ فراگیری comprehensive school one that provides education for children of all abilities. دبیرستانی برای افرادی با سطح های مختلف /käm´prē hend´/ vt. ● فهمیدن،درک کردن،دریافتن،اندر یافتن this is a problem which I can't comprehend این مسئله‌ای است که من از درک آن عاجزم. ● دربر داشتن،شامل بودن philosophy's scope comprehends every aspect of life گستره‌ی فلسفه شامل کلیه‌ی جنبه‌های حیات است. [ˌkämpriˈhend] verb - comprehend فهمیدن: understand, figure out, see, realize, comprehend, sense دریافتن: find out, understand, discover, apprehend, realize, comprehend درک کردن: understand, comprehend, realize, perceive, appreciate, fathom فرا گرفتن: learn, engulf, absorb, adopt, comprehend, envelop comprehensive adjective UK /ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv/ US /ˌkɑːm.prəˈhen.sɪv/ comprehensive adjective (COMPLETE) C1 complete and including everything that is necessary: We offer you a comprehensive training in all aspects of the business. Is this list comprehensive or are there some names missing? He has written a fully comprehensive guide to Rome. comprehensive noun [ C ] UK /ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv/ US/ˌkɑːm.prəˈhen.sɪv/ in the UK, a school for children of all abilities above the age of eleven, that is paid for by the state: They went to the local comprehensive. /-hen´siv/ adj., n. ● جامع،فراگیر،مبسوط،گسترده،مفصل a comprehensive history of America تاریخ مبسوط امریکا she has had a comprehensive training in the field of computers او در زمینه‌ی کامپیوتر آموزش گسترده‌ای دیده است. ● با فهم،قادر به درک چیزی،فهیم،دانا a comprehensive student of racial affairs یک پژوهشگر دانا در امور نژادی ● (بیمه) جامع (بیمه‌ی ملک که چندگونه خطر را شامل می‌شود)،بیمه‌ی چند گانه ● (معمولا جمع) آزمون نهایی دوره‌های فوق‌لیسانس یا دکترا (نام کامل آن: comprehensive examination) my daughter Julie will take her M.A. comprehensives in May دخترم جولی امتحانات جامع کارشناسی ارشد خود را در ماه مه خواهد داد.

Answer 578

annual adjective [ before noun ] UK /ˈæn.ju.əl/ US /ˈæn.ju.əl/ B1 happening once every year: an annual event/visit/holiday Companies publish annual reports to inform the public about the previous year's activities. B1 relating to a period of one year: annual income/salary/profit annual adjective [ not gradable ] US /ˈæn·ju·əl/ annual adjective [not gradable] (ONE YEAR) of or for a period of one year: an annual salary annual rainfall Our annual costs have risen steadily. annual noun [ C ] US /ˈæn·ju·əl/ annual noun [C] (PLANT) a plant that grows, produces seeds, and dies within one year annual noun [C] (ONE YEAR) a publication appearing once a year: the “Sports Illustrated” college football annual annual [ˈӕnjuəl] ♦ adjective 1 happening every year: an annual event. سالیانه 2 of one year: What is his annual salary? یکساله؛ سالانه ♦ noun 1 a book of which a new edition is published every year: children's annuals. سالنامه 2 a plant that lives for only one year. گیاه یکسال زی ˈannually ♦ adverb His salary is increased annually. هر ساله /an´yōō ǝl/ adj., n. ● یکساله،سالیانه،هر ساله،سالانه the annual meeting of the board of directors نشست سالیانه‌ی هیئت مدیره they meet annually آنها هر سال (سالی یک بار) ملاقات می‌کنند. ● (کتاب یا مجله) سالنامه،سالی یک بار this magazine is annual این مجله هر سال یک بار چاپ می‌شود. ● (گیاه‌شناسی) تک‌ساله،سالپای،یکسال‌زی annual plants گیاهان یکسال‌زی annual ring چنبر سالیانه،حلقه‌ی سالیانه [ˈanyo͞oəl] adjective - annual سالیانه: annual, yearly یک ساله: annual, yearlong annual rainfall Niederschlagsmenge f pro Jahr annual salary Jahresgehalt nt annual growth Jahreswachstum nt annual income Jahreseinkommen nt annual depreciation jährliche Abschreibung annual accounts Jahresabschluss m annual report Jahresbericht m annual sales Jahresumsatz m annual migration alljährliche Migration annual event alljährliches [o. alljährlich stattfindendes] Ereignis annual rally Jahrestreffen nt annual excursion Jahresausflug m annual dues Jahresbeitrag m annual turnover Jahresumsatz m annual convention Jahrestreffen nt annual leave Jahresurlaub m annual subscription to sth Jahresbeitrag m für etw Akk annual membership [fee] Jahresbeitrag m [annual] balance sheet [Jahres]bilanz f annual check-up jährliche Routineuntersuchung

Answer 579

term [təːm] ♦ noun 1 a (usually limited) period of time: a term of imprisonment; a term of office. دوره 2 a division of a school or university year: the autumn term. ترم 3 a word or expression: Myopia is a medical term for short-sightedness. واژه terms ♦ noun plural 1 the rules or conditions of an agreement or bargain: They had a meeting to arrange terms for an agreement. شرایط 2 fixed charges (for work, service etc ): The firms sent us a list of their terms. هزینه ها 3 a relationship between people: They are on bad/friendly terms. روابط ♦ verb to name or call: That kind of painting is termed `abstract'. نامیدن come to terms 1 to reach an agreement or understanding: They came to terms with the enemy. به توافق رسیدن 2 to find a way of living with or tolerating (some personal trouble or difficulty): He managed to come to terms with his illness. کنار آمدن in terms of using as a means of expression, a means of assessing value etc : He thought of everything in terms of money. از نظر /tu_rm/ n., vt. ● (در اصل) نقطه‌ی پایانی یا آغازین،آغازگاه،پایانگاه،آغاز،پایان ● (اجاره یا وام و غیره) مدت،دیرند،تاریخ،تاریخ انقضا،سرآمد،دوران a term of five years in prison دوران پنج ساله‌ی زندان during the term of an insurance policy طی مدت قرارداد بیمه ● (آموزش) سمستر،نیمسال تحصیلی،ترم،ثلث،پاره‌سال the spring term پاره‌سال بهاری the first term ثلث اول ● (تصدی یا اشتغال و غیره) دوره she was elected to a four-year term او را به یک دوره‌ی (نمایندگی) چهار ساله انتخاب کردند. ● زایمان ● (جمع - قرارداد و غیره) شرایط،سامه‌ها،نهش‌ها،پیغانه‌ها according to the terms of the contract طبق شرایط قرارداد ● دوران آبستنی،بارداری ● (جمع) روابط،مناسبات،داستارها they are no longer on friendly terms with each other آنها دیگر با هم روابط دوستانه ندارند. to be on speaking terms with someone با کسی روابط مکالمه‌ای داشتن ● واژه (به ویژه اگر تخصصی باشد)،لغت،اصطلاح،عبارت،گزاره،کلمه،کلام a dictionary of medical terms فرهنگ واژه‌های پزشکی "spore" is a botanical term ((هاگ)) یک واژه‌ی گیاه‌شناسی است. technical terms اصطلاحات فنی a colloquial term اصطلاح عامیانه ● لحن،روش،لفظ to speak in derogatory terms با لحن خفت‌آور حرف زدن ● (نادر) حد،مرز،محدوده،ته ● (مهجور - جمع) وضعیت،اوضاع،چگونگی‌ها ● (بنایی) ستون مرزنما (به ویژه ستون مرزنمایی که به شکل مجسمه باشد)،تیر مرز نما ● (حقوق) مدت دادگاه،دوره‌ی دادگاه،جلسه‌ی دادگاه ● (حقوق) ملک اعطایی از سوی دادگاه ● (حقوق) ضرب العجل پرداخت دین (معین شده از سوی دادگاه) ● (صغرا و کبرای منطقی) هر یک از سه عامل قیاس،حد ● (ریاضی) جمله،سومه ● نامیدن،خواندن he was determined to overcome what he termed his hellish selfishness او مصصم بود بر آنچه که آن را خودخواهی جهنمی می‌نامید چیره شود. they termed him naive but he did not care او را ساده‌دل خواندند ولی او توجهی به این حرف‌ها نداشت. * bring to terms مطیع کردن،وادار به پذیرش کردن،(به زور) قبولاندن * come to terms به توافق رسیدن * in terms of در مورد،درباره‌ی،از نظر،از دیدگاه * in the long (or short) term در آینده‌ی دراز (یا کوتاه) مدت [tərm] noun - term مدت: term, time, period, duration, length, interval اصطلاح: term, phrase, idiom, epithet دوره: period, course, era, term, cycle, age شرایط: qualification, term لفظ: term, word, vocable, particle, literacy جمله: sentence, term, sum, total شرط: condition, bet, if, clause, provision, term نیمسال: semester, term مهلت: respite, leeway, moratorium, reprieve, timeout, term روابط: term میعاد: term, vow دوره انتصاب: term ثلث تحصیلی: term هنگام: time, moment, gamut, season, term verb - term نامیدن: call, name, denominate, entitle, nominate, term residual term Restlaufzeit f umbrella term Sammelbegriff m generic term BIO Gattungsbegriff m sabbatical term Forschungssemester nt fixed term of a contract festgesetzte Dauer (eines Vertrages) blanket term Pauschalbegriff m autumn term Wintersemester nt legal term Rechtsbegriff m technical term Fachausdruck m prison term Gefängnisstrafe f long-term/short-term target langfristiges/kurzfristiges Ziel long-term/short-term objective langfristige/kurzfristige Zielsetzung half-term kurze Ferien, die zwischen den langen Ferien liegen, z.B. Pfingst-/Herbstferien in the short term in nächster Zeit end of the term Laufzeitende nt

Answer 580

span noun UK /spæn/ US /spæn/ span noun (TIME) [ C usually singular ] the period of time that something exists or happens: He has a short attention/concentration span. an average lifespan of 70 years Over a span of just three years, the new government has transformed the country's economic prospects. span [spӕn] ♦ noun 1 the length between the supports of a bridge or arch: The first span of the bridge is one hundred metres long. دهانه 2 the full time for which anything lasts: Seventy or eighty years is the normal span of a man's life. دوره ♦ verb– past tense, past participle spanned – to stretch across: A bridge spans the river. پل زدن [span] noun - span گستردگی: span محدوده: range, span, confine, limited area پوشش: cover, coverage, envelopment, coating, covering, span وجب: span, palm ظرفیت: capacity, valence, valency, volume, span, acumen اندازه: size, measure, extent, measurement, gauge, span مدت معین: space, span یک وجب: hand, span فاصله معین: span verb - span وجب کردن: span اندازه گرفتن: measure, gage, gauge, mete, span, stack up پل بستن: span تاق بستن: span

Answer 581

depict verb [ T ] UK /dɪˈpɪkt/ US /dɪˈpɪkt/ C2 to represent or show something in a picture or story: Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century. In the book, he depicts his father as a tyrant. [ + -ing verb ] People were shocked by the advertisement which depicted a woman beating her husband. depict verb [ T ] US /dɪˈpɪkt/ to represent or show something in a picture, story, movie, etc.; portray: The movie depicts his father as a tyrant. depiction noun [ C/U ] US /dɪˈpɪk·ʃən/ [ C ] It’s a wonderful depiction of a female friendship. depict [diˈpikt] ♦ verb 1 to paint, draw etc . تصویر کردن؛ کشیدن 2 to describe: Her novel depicts the life of country people. شرح دادن؛ آشکار کردن /dē pikt´, di-/ vt. ● تصویر کردن،نشان دادن،نگاره کردن،دیسه کردن her painting depicts a man who is eating نقاشی او مردی را نشان می‌دهد که در حال خوردن است. ● بیان کردن،شرح دادن،هویدا کردن،دیس‌گویی کردن،آشکار کردن،شناسا کردن her stories depict various aspects of city life داستان‌های او جنبه‌های گوناگونی از زندگی شهری را هویدا می‌کند. * depiction, n. 1- تصویرگری،دیسه‌گری،نگاره‌گری 2- تصویر،دیسه،نگاره 3- شرح،بیان،دیس‌گویی [diˈpikt] verb - depict شرح دادن: describe, explain, depict, demonstrate, illustrate, narrate نمایش دادن: display, represent, exhibit, depict, perform, expose مجسم کردن: embody, epitomize, picture, portray, depict, character نقش کردن: depict, depicture, engrave, grave, inscribe رسم کردن: draw, trace, depict, plot منقوش کردن: imprint, engrave, depict, draw to depict sth vividly etw anschaulich [o. lebendig] schildern

Answer 582

US UK AU illustrate [ˈiləstreit] ♦ verb 1 to provide (a book, lecture etc ) with pictures, diagrams etc . مصور کردن 2 to make (a statement etc ) clearer by providing examples etc : Let me illustrate my point; This diagram will illustrate what I mean. توضیح دادن؛ روشن کردن ˈillustrated ♦ adjective having pictures etc : an illustrated catalogue. مصور ˌilluˈstration ♦ noun 1 a picture: coloured illustrations. تصویر 2 an example. مثال 3 the act of illustrating. توضیح ˈillustrative [-strətiv, (American) iˈlastrətiv] ♦ adjective . توضیحی ˈillustrator ♦ noun a person who draws pictures etc for books etc . نشان دهنده /il´ǝs trāt´, i lus´trāt´/ vt. ● توضیح دادن،(مطلبی را) روشن کردن،(با آوردن مثال و غیره) بیان کردن،دیماساندن he illustrated his point by giving examples and statistics او با آوردن مثال و آمار مطلب خود را روشن کرد. later experiment illustrated the proof of her claim تجربیات بعدی،صحت ادعای او را روشن کرد. ● (کتاب) مصور کردن،فرتوردار کردن،بنگارکردن an illustrated book کتاب مصور ● (عکس و تصویر را) تفسیر یا تزیین کردن،نخش گذاری کردن ● (مجهور) پرنور کردن،نورانی کردن ● (مهجور) آگاهاندن،روشندل کردن ● (مهجور) نامدار کردن،شهره کردن ● نشان‌دادن these deeds illustrate his dissatisfaction این اعمال نمایشگر عدم نارضایتی او می‌باشد. [ˈiləˌstrāt] verb - illustrate نشان دادن: show, demonstrate, display, illustrate, represent, indicate توضیح دادن: explain, illustrate, elucidate, clarify, clear, enucleate شرح دادن: describe, explain, depict, demonstrate, illustrate, narrate با مثال روشن ساختن: illustrate مصور کردن: illustrate, limn اراستن: decorate, adorn, primp, blazon, illustrate, apparel مزین شدن: illustrate

Answer 583

overall [ˈəuvəroːl] ♦ noun a garment worn over ordinary clothes to protect them from dirt etc : She wears an overall when cleaning the house. روپوش ♦ adjective complete, including everything: What is the overall cost of the scheme? کلی [ouvərˈoːl]adverb (also over all ) complete, including everything: What will the scheme cost overall? کلاً ˈoveralls ♦ noun plural a type of trousers or suit made of hard-wearing materials worn usually over ordinary clothes by workmen etc to protect them from dirt etc : The painter put on his overalls before starting work; I'll need a clean pair of overalls tomorrow. لباس کار ō´vǝr ôl´/ adj., adv. ● سر تا سر،از یک طرف به طرف دیگر ● همه‌جا the ships were decorated overall کشتی‌ها سراسر آذین بندی شده بودند. ● به طور کلی،کلا،روی هم رفته overall, it was a good book روی هم رفته کتاب خوبی بود. [] adverb - overall سرتاسر: overall, throughout, through, all over, entirely, totally روی هم رفته: altogether, overall, by and large, totally, in toto, all-told همه جا: overall, passim noun - overall لباس کار: overall بالا پوش: quilt, coverlet, mantle, overall, wrapper adjective - overall شامل همه چیز: overall سراسر: overall, whole, entire overall commander Oberkommandierende(r) f(m) overall winner Gesamtsieger(in) m (f) overall assessment Gesamtbeurteilung f overall plan Gesamtplan m overall pattern Gesamtbild nt overall balance FIN Gesamtbilanz f overall results Gesamtergebnisse pl overall majority absolute Mehrheit overall balance of payments Gesamtzahlungsbilanz f overall dividend payout Ausschüttungssumme f the overall effect das Gesamtresultat an overall sense of oppression ein Gefühl m völliger Überforderung to take an overall view of sth etw von allen Seiten betrachten the great [or overall] scheme of things also scherzh der große [Welten]plan, der hinter allem steht a. scherzh the company reported an overall fall in profits das Unternehmen meldete insgesamt einen Gewinnverlust

Answer 584

enable [iˈneibl] ♦ verb to make able by giving means, power or authority (to do something): The money I inherited enabled me to go on a world cruise. قادر کردن؛ توانمند کردن /en ā´bǝl, in-/ vt. ● قادر کردن،توانا کردن،توانمند کردن faith in God enabled him to overcome the problems of his life ایمان به خدا او را قادر کرد که بر مشکلات زندگی خود چیره شود. ● میسر کردن،ممکن کردن،شدنی کردن،امکان دادن those factors enabled passage of the bill آن عوامل تصویب لایحه را میسر کرد. examinations are designed so that highschool graduates are enabled to pass امتحانات طوری طرح شده‌اند که دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان بتوانند آنها را بگذرانند. [enˈābəl] verb - enable قادر ساختن: enable توانا ساختن: enable وسیله فراهم کردن: provide, enable تهیه کردن برای: enable اختیار دادن: empower, authorize, accredit, enable, authorise

Answer 585

upon preposition US /əˈpɑn, əˈpɔn/ on: That depends upon the circumstances. She insisted upon knowing the truth. Upon can be used to show that something happens soon after, and often because of, something else: Upon hearing the good news, we all congratulated Murphy. upon [əˈpon] ♦ preposition on: He sat upon the floor; Please place it upon the table; Upon arrival, they went in search of a hotel. روی؛ بر upon my word! an exclamation indicating surprise etc . !عجب [əˈpän,əˈpôn] preposition - upon بر: on, upon, against, at بر روی: on, upon روی: on, over, in, upon, aboard, up بر فراز: over, upon, up, o'er بمحض: upon بمجرد: upon * Upon hearing the news, she burst out crying. با شنیدن خبر، او ناگهان به گریه افتاد. * You cannot rely upon Jim's words since he tries to please everybody. نمی تونی روی حرف جیم حساب کنی چون اون همیشه سعی می کنه همه رو راضی نگه داره. * A man without ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world. انسان بدون اخلاقیات، هیولای وحشی است که در این جهان رها شده است. /ǝ pän´, ǝ pôn´/ prep., adv. ● روی،بر،بر روی،برفراز I jumped upon the horse پریدم روی اسب. a house built upon a hill خانه‌ای که برفراز تپه‌ای ساخته شده است intense sadness fell upon me again حزن شدید دوباره بر من مستولی شد. ● نزدیک،مجاور summer holidays are upon us تعطیلات تابستان نزدیک است. the enemy is upon us دشمن به ما نزدیک است. ● به upon my honor! به شرفم قسم‌! suddenly we came upon a corpse ناگهان به یک نعش برخوردیم. to hit upon a solution به راه حل رسیدن ● در upon the first opportunity در اولین فرصت the enchantment of the scenery is still upon me اثر سحرآمیز آن منظره هنوز در من وجود دارد. ● پس از،متعاقب،پیرو،بعداز invitations will be sent only upon written request دعوت‌نامه‌ها فقط پس از دریافت درخواست کتبی ارسال خواهد شد. upon Bijhan's death, she married Jallal پس از مرگ بیژن او با جلال ازدواج کرد. upon the receipt of this letter ... پیرو دریافت این نامه ... ● درباره‌ی،مربوط به ● به سوی ● طبق،بنابر

Answer 586

roam verb UK /rəʊm/ US /roʊm/ roam verb (MOVE AROUND) [ I + adv/prep, T ] to move about or travel, especially without a clear idea of what you are going to do: After the bars close, gangs of youths roam the city streets. She roamed around America for a year, working in bars and restaurants. roam [rəum] ♦ verb to walk about without any fixed plan or purpose; to wander: He roamed from town to town; He roamed (over) the hills. پرسه زدن ˈroamer ♦ noun . ولگرد /rōm/ vi., vt., n. ● ول گشتن،(بی هدف) گشتن،پلکیدن،پرسه‌زدن،گشت زدن armed bands roamed the streets دستجات مسلح در خیابان‌ها پرسه می‌زدند. sheep and goats roamed the meadows گوسفندان و بزها در مرغزارها می‌گشتند. ● ولگردی،پرسه‌زنی،پرسه،گشت [rōm] verb - roam پرسه زدن: roam, prowl, saunter, prog, loaf, knock about گشتن: search, roam, trundle, go, goggle, grow سیر کردن: feed, satiate, sate, fill, revolve, roam گردیدن: revolve, roam, swirl noun - roam غربت: roving, roam, foreign country سر گردانی: roam, straying, divagation, quandary, ramble, vagrancy to roam the internet [im Internet] surfen to roam the streets durch die Straßen ziehen ugs to roam/run free frei herumlaufen to roam about/around/over/through umherziehen

Answer 587

respective respective adjective [ before noun ] UK /rɪˈspek.tɪv/ US /rɪˈspek.tɪv/ C1 relating or belonging to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned: Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards we'd go to our respective classes. Clinton and Zedillo ordered their respective Cabinets to devise a common counter-drug strategy. /ri spek´tiv/ adj. ● خاص،مربوطه،مربوط به they went to their respective homes به خانه‌های خود رفتند. ● با ملاحظه،با پروا [riˈspektiv] adjective - respective مربوطه: respective نسبی: relative, comparative, respective, self-relative بترتیب مخصوص خود: respective

Answer 588

confinement noun UK /kənˈfaɪn.mənt/ US /kənˈfaɪn.mənt/ [ U ] the situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere, usually by force: She spent most of those years under house arrest or close confinement. /kǝn fīn´mǝnt/ n. ● محدودیت،محدودشدگی ● توقیف،حبس،زندان (بودن) ● بستری (بودن) ● زایمان،وضع حمل her previous confinements were very easy زایمان‌های قبلی او خیلی آسان بود. noun [con'fine·ment || -mənt] limitation; imprisonment; childbirth [kənˈfīnmənt] noun - confinement تحدید: limitation, restriction, confinement بستری: hospitalization, confinement زندان بودن: confinement زایمان: childbirth, parturition, litter, confinement, accouchement, throe

Answer 589

dean [diːn] ♦ noun 1 the chief clergyman in a cathedral church. سر کشیش 2 an important official in a university. رئیس دانشکده dean [diːn] ♦ noun 1 the chief clergyman in a cathedral church. سر کشیش 2 an important official in a university. رئیس دانشکده [dēn] noun - dean رئيس: head, director, chairman, president, boss, dean ریش سفید: elder, doyen, dean, graybeard رئيس کلیسا یا دانشکده: dean da /dēn/ n. ● (دانشکده) رییس dean of the school of dentistry رئیس دانشکده‌ی دندان‌پزشکی ● پیشکسوت،مرشد،بزرگ،سالار،مهین the dean of American poets بزرگ شاعران امریکا dean of students رئیس امور (یا سرپرست) دانشجویان ● سرپرست نمازخانه‌ی دانشگاه،سرکشیش (در کلیساهای بزرگ که چند کشیش دارند) John Donne was the dean of St. Paul's Cathedral جان دان سرکشیش کلیسای سنت پال بود. ● (کلیسای کاتولیک) کشیش سرپرست چند کلیسای کوچک روستایی

Answer 590

dean noun [ C ] UK /diːn/ US /diːn/ dean noun [C] (LEADER) an official of high rank in a college or university who is responsible for the organization of a department or departments: She is the new dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences. the Dean of Medicine dean [diːn] ♦ noun 1 the chief clergyman in a cathedral church. سر کشیش 2 an important official in a university. رئیس دانشکده dean [diːn] ♦ noun 1 the chief clergyman in a cathedral church. سر کشیش 2 an important official in a university. رئیس دانشکده [dēn] noun - dean رئيس: head, director, chairman, president, boss, dean ریش سفید: elder, doyen, dean, graybeard رئيس کلیسا یا دانشکده: dean da /dēn/ n. ● (دانشکده) رییس dean of the school of dentistry رئیس دانشکده‌ی دندان‌پزشکی ● پیشکسوت،مرشد،بزرگ،سالار،مهین the dean of American poets بزرگ شاعران امریکا dean of students رئیس امور (یا سرپرست) دانشجویان ● سرپرست نمازخانه‌ی دانشگاه،سرکشیش (در کلیساهای بزرگ که چند کشیش دارند) John Donne was the dean of St. Paul's Cathedral جان دان سرکشیش کلیسای سنت پال بود. ● (کلیسای کاتولیک) کشیش سرپرست چند کلیسای کوچک روستایی

Answer 591

parole noun [ U ] UK /pəˈrəʊl/ US /pəˈroʊl/ permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well: He's been released on parole. She hopes to be eligible for parole in three years. Reynolds was sentenced to life without parole. to give someone parole: He was paroled from prison last year after serving about four years. I am not happy with the possibility he could be paroled in 20 years. pəˈrōl] noun - parole عفو مشروط: parole, probation قول شرف: parole قول مردانه: parole verb - parole بقید قول شرف آزاد ساختن: parole /pǝ rōl´/ n., vt. ● (در اصل) قول شرف (به ویژه قول اسیر جنگی که در عوض آزادی از شرکت مجدد در جنگ خودداری خواهد کرد) ● شروط مربوط به قول شرف،پیروی از قول شرف ● (حقوق) آزادی به قید التزام،آزادی زندانی به شرط آنکه تا مدت معین محدودیت‌ها و شرایط معینی را رعایت کند ● (مهجور - ارتش) اسم عبور،اسم شب ● (حقوق) به قید التزام آزاد کردن،با قول نیک رفتاری آزاد کردن * on parole آزاد به قید التزام he will be on parole for two more years آزادی او تا دو سال دیگر به قید التزام خواهد بود.

Answer 592

assess [əˈses] ♦ verb 1 to estimate or judge the quality or quantity of: Can you assess my chances of winning? برآورد کردن؛ ارزیابی کردن 2 to estimate in order to calculate tax due on: My income has been assessed wrongly. مالیات بستن asˈsessment ♦ noun . ارزیابی asˈsessor ♦ noun . ارزیاب əˈses] verb - assess تشخیص دادن: distinguish, recognize, diagnose, discern, assess, descry تعیین کردن: determine, assess, specify, assign, define, locate بستن: close, shut, shut down, block, fasten, assess مالیات بستن بر: excise, assess, impose, levy, scot جریمه کردن: penalize, fine, assess, mulct, sconce بر اورد کردن: assess, calculate, estimate, rate, size تقویم کردن: appraise, apprise, apprize, assess, evaluate /ǝ ses´/ vt. ● برآورد کردن،ارزیابی کردن،مالیات بستن،تقویم کردن they assessed the amount of taxes due مبلغ مالیات قابل پرداخت را برآورد کردند. nobody could assess the real value of the old book هیچکس نتوانست ارزش واقعی کتاب قدیمی را برآورد کند. ● بررسی کردن،سنجیدن،بر انداز کردن they tried to assess the country's economic situation کوشیدند وضع اقتصادی کشور را ارزیابی کنند.

Answer 593

deem verb [ T not continuous ] formal UK /diːm/ US /diːm/ C2 to consider or judge something in a particular way: [ + obj + noun/adj ] The area has now been deemed safe. [ + noun/adj ] We will provide help whenever you deem it appropriate. [ + obj + to infinitive ] Anyone not paying the registration fee by 31 March will be deemed to have withdrawn from the offer. Synonym hold deem [diːm] ♦ verb to judge or think: He deemed it unwise to tell her the truth. پنداشتن؛ صلاح دانستن /dēm/ vt., vi. ● پنداشتن،روا داشتن،شماردن I deem it necessary to tell you that ... لازم می‌دانم به شما بگویم که .... it was not deemed advisable to invite him also صلاح دانسته نشد که از او هم دعوت به عمل آید. [dēm] verb - deem خیال کردن: deem, guess, reckon, suppose, think پنداشتن: deem, suppose, count, assume, take, fancy فرض کردن: assume, presume, adjudge, consider, suppose, deem عقیده داشتن: opine, have an opinion, believe, deem, presume, reckon

Answer 594

custody [ˈkastədi] ♦ noun 1 care or keeping: The mother was awarded custody of the children by the court. نگهداری؛ سرپرستی 2 the care of police or prison authorities: The accused man is in custody. بازداشت؛ توقیف cuˈstodian [-ˈstəu-] ♦ noun a person who guards or takes care of something: the custodian of an art collection. سرپرست؛ نگهبان kus´tǝ dē/ n., pl. ● امانت (داری)،نگهداری،حفظ،حراست،تیمار،نگاهبانی،دالانداری ● سرپرستی،قیمومت،استوری the divorce court awarded the custody of both children to their mother دادگاه طلاق،سرپرستی هر دو کودک را به مادرشان سپرد. the orphan was in the custody of his uncle بچه‌ی یتیم تحت کفالت عمویش بود. ● بازداشت،توقیف protective custody بازداشت احتیاطی he is held in police custody او تحت بازداشت پلیس است. * in custody در بازداشت،تحت توقیف * take into custody بازداشت کردن،توقیف کردن [ˈkəstədē] noun - custody حبس: imprisonment, prison, detention, jail, custody, lockout توقیف: detention, arrest, custody, internment, suppression, seizing حفاظت: protection, conservation, safekeeping, keep, custody, aegis safe custody FIN Depotverwahrung f custody by third party JUR Drittverwahrung f place of custody Verwahrungsort m remand in custody Untersuchungshaft f custody account client Depotkunde m /-kundin f to remand sb in custody jdn in die Untersuchungshaft zurücksenden to take sb into custody jdn verhaften to hold sb in custody jdn in Gewahrsam halten to be in police custody in Polizeigewahrsam sein to be detained in custody in [Untersuchungs]haft gehalten werden to take sb into protective custody jdn in Schutzhaft nehmen to be remanded in police custody in [polizeiliche] Untersuchungshaft genommen werden to receive custody of one's children das Sorgerecht für seine Kinder zugesprochen bekommen the mother got custody [of the child] das Kind wurde der Mutter zugesprochen to hold sb [in custody]/hostage/prisoner jdn in Haft/als Geisel/gefangen halten to get [or receive] custody [of sb/sth] das Sorgerecht [für jdn/etw] bekommen [o. erhalten] to award [or give] [or grant] custody of a child to sb jdm das Sorgerecht für ein Kind übertragen [o. erteilen]

Answer 595

imply [imˈplai] ♦ verb to suggest or hint without actually stating: Are you implying that I am a liar? دلالت داشتن بر؛ بطور ضمنی گفتن impliˈcation ♦ noun . دلالت؛ معنی ضمنی im plī´/ vt. ● (به طور ضمنی یا تلویحی) معنی دادن،چم دادن،رساندن،دلالت داشتن بر،به طور سربسته گفتن did her silence imply consent? آیا سکوت او علامت رضایت بود؟ she implied that even if they invite her, she will not go منظورش این بود که حتی اگر او را دعوت بکنند نخواهد رفت. I don't wish to imply that you are lying نمی‌خواهم بگویم که شما دروغ می‌گویید. life implies conflict زندگی یعنی کشمکش ● مستلزم چیزی بودن،متضمن چیزی بودن،پایندان بودن true freedom implies responsibility آزادی واقعی مستلزم مسئولیت است. Thesaurus [imˈplī] verb - imply اشاره کردن: point, nudge, insinuate, mention, imply, allude دلالت ضمنی کردن بر: connote, imply اشاره داشتن بر: imply رساندن: convey, supply, transmit, extend, give, imply

Answer 596

antisemitic adjective (also anti-Semitic, anti-semitic) UK /ˌæn.ti.səˈmɪ.tɪk/ US /ˌæn.t̬i.səˈmɪ.tɪk/ showing hatred for Jewish people, or unfair or cruel towards people because they are Jewish: The bishop was accused of making antisemitic remarks. Some people thought the play was anti-semitic. anti-Semitic propaganda

Answer 597

allowance noun UK /əˈlaʊ.əns/ US /əˈlaʊ.əns/ allowance noun (AMOUNT GIVEN) C1 [ C ] money that you are given regularly, especially to pay for a particular thing: The perks of the job include a company pension and a generous travel allowance. I couldn't have managed at college if I hadn't had an allowance from my parents. [ C ] an amount of something that you are allowed: The baggage/luggage allowance for most flights is 20 kilos. allowance noun (PREPARATION) make allowance for to prepare for the possibility of: We should make allowance for bad weather and have plenty of umbrellas available. allowance noun (ACCEPTING) make allowances for C2 To make allowances for someone is to think about their characteristics and not judge them too severely: You should make allowances for him - he's been quite ill recently. [əˈlou-əns] noun - allowance مستمری: pension, allowance, maintenance allowance, scholarship, studentship مدد معاش: allowance, subsistence خرجی: allowance, pocket money, spending money, subsistence allowance فوقالعاده و هزینهء سفر: allowance verb - allowance فوقالعاده دادن: allowance /ǝ lou´ǝns/ n., adj., vt. ● اجازه،رخصت،پذیرش،قبول کردن،تجویز the allowance of an insurance claim پذیرفتن ادعای بیمه ● سهمیه،مقرری،جیره،فوق‌العاده،هزینه،خرج،کمک هزینه،پول توجیبی،مستمری،بخش،بهره،پول جیب ماهیانه،پول اضافی بابت چیزی each month my father gave us an allowance of ten tumans پدرم هر ماه ده تومان پول توجیبی به ما می‌داد. travel allowance هزینه‌ی سفر ● تخفیف،کاستن،کاهش،کسر the dealer gave us an allowance on our old car فروشنده با گرفتن اتومبیل قدیمی ما تخفیفی در خرید ماشین داد. ● مقرری دادن،سهمیه‌بندی کردن،جیره دادن،فوق‌العاده دادن،تخصیص دادن * to make allowance(s) به حساب آوردن،منظور کردن * to make allowance(s) for 1- بخشودن،معاف کردن 2- به حساب آوردن،در نظر گرفتن،پیش‌بینی کردن a teaching method that makes full allowance for individual differences روش تدریس که ویژگی‌های فردی را به حساب می‌آورد personal allowance persönlicher [Steuer]freibetrag travel allowance Reisekostenzuschuss m mileage allowance Kilometerpauschale f catch allowance (fishing) zulässige Gesamtfangmenge entertainment allowance Aufwandsentschädigung f fixed allowance WIRTSCH Fixum nt tax allowance Steuerfreibetrag m baggage allowance zulässiges Gepäck excess allowance Zusatzbewilligung f wife's earned income allowance Freibetrag m für Erwerbseinkommen der Ehefrau allowance for bad debt Kursverlustentschädigung f allowance for depreciation Abschreibungsrücklage f family allowance system Familienleistungsausgleich m per diem allowance Tagegeld nt lump sum allowance Pauschalfreibetrag m cost-of-living allowance Teuerungszulage f a liberal allowance/donation/support eine großzügige Beihilfe/Spende/Unterstützung

Answer 598

monitor [ˈmonitə] ♦ noun 1 a senior pupil who helps to see that school rules are kept. کنترل 2 any of several kinds of instrument etc by means of which something can be constantly checked, especially a small screen in a television studio showing the picture which is being transmitted at any given time: television monitor; computer monitor. صفحه نمایشگر ♦ verb to act as, or to use, a monitor; to keep a careful check on: These machines/technicians monitor the results constantly. کنترل کردن monitor [ˈmonitə] ♦ noun 1 a senior pupil who helps to see that school rules are kept. کنترل 2 any of several kinds of instrument etc by means of which something can be constantly checked, especially a small screen in a television studio showing the picture which is being transmitted at any given time: television monitor; computer monitor. صفحه نمایشگر ♦ verb to act as, or to use, a monitor; to keep a careful check on: These machines/technicians monitor the results constantly. کنترل کردن /män´i tǝr/ n., vt., vi. ● ناصح،پندآموز،هشدار دهنده،هشدارگر،توصیه کننده،مشاور،رایزن more experienced soldiers can be used as monitors and instructors for the new soldiers سربازان با تجربه‌تر می توانند به عنوان سرمشق و مربی سربازان جدید مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. ● (کلاس درس) مبصر،ارشد کلاس the monitor calls the roll every morning مبصر هر بامداد حاضر غایب می کند. ● آژیر،آژیرگر،دستگاه کنترل،واپادگر،مانیتور a heart monitor مانیتور (دستگاه کنترل) قلب an electronic monitor مانیتور الکترونیکی ● (جانورشناسی) بزمجه‌ی آژیرگر (تیره‌ی Varanidae که درشت و ماهی‌خوار هستند و می‌گویند حضور سوسمار را آگاهی می‌دهند) ● کشتی جنگلی زرهی (با عرشه‌ی صاف و کم ارتفاع و توپ‌های سنگین در برج‌های متحرک) ● (به ویژه در آتش نشانی) آب افشان (که آب را با فشار به طرف دلخواه می‌افشاند)،آب‌فشان،سر لوله‌ی فشاری ● (کسی که برای گردآوری آگهگان سیاسی یا نظامی و غیره به رادیوها و مکالمات تلفنی کشور خارجی مرتبا گوش می‌دهد) خبرنیوش،مستمع خفیه ● خبرنیوشی کردن we monitor the enemy's radio broadcasts for military information ما برای کسب اطلاعات نظامی برنامه‌های رادیویی دشمن را خبرنیوشی می کنیم. ● (ماشین‌آلات یا هواپیما یا موشک و غیره) دستگاه کنترل و تنظیم،واپادگر an automatic missile monitor دستگاه خودکار کنترل موشک ● (کار ماشین آلات یا هواپیما یا موشک و غیره را) کنترل و تنظیم کردن،واپادکردن radar stations are monitoring all our heavy bombers ایستگاه‌های رادار همه‌ی بمب افکن‌های سنگین ما را کنترل می‌کنند. ● (دستگاه سنجش میزان آلودگی رادیو اکتیو) دستگاه تابش سنج،تابش نما ● (با این دستگاه) تابش سنجی کردن we monitor the upper air to collect evidence of atomic explosions ماجو فوقانی را برای گردآوری مدرک انفجار اتمی بررسی (تابش سنجی) می‌کنیم. ● (رادیو و تلویزیون و غیره - بلندگو یا گیرنده‌ی اتاق کنترل که با آن خوبی و صافی صدا یا تصویر را وارسی می کنند) دستگاه بازشنود،دستگاه بازبینی monitor room اتاق کنترل ● (با این دستگاه) بازشنود کردن،بازبین کردن،واپاد کردن the sound quality must be carefully monitored چگونگی صدا باید با دقت واپاد شود (بررسی شود). [ˈmänətər] noun - monitor مبصر: monitor انگیزنده: monitor اگاهی دهنده: informant, monitor گوشیار: monitor verb - monitor دیده بانی کردن: scout, monitor, espy به علائم رمزی مخابراتی گوش دادن: monitor to monitor a circuit sich Akk in eine Leitung einschalten to monitor education standards [die Einhaltung von] Ausbildungsstandards [o. Ausbildungsanforderungen] überwachen 15-inch flat-screen monitor 15-Zoll-Flachbildschirm m on the monitor auf dem Bildschirm [o. Monitor] 15-inch flat-panel monitor 15-Zoll-Flachbildschirm m flat-screen monitor Flachbildschirm m hi-res monitor Monitor m mit hoher Auflösung colour monitor [or Am color] Farbbildschirm m to monitor a [radio] broadcast eine [Radio]sendung verfolgen to monitor a TV channel ein Fernsehprogramm verfolgen to monitor communications/telephone traffic Gespräche/den Telefonverkehr abhören [o. mithören] to monitor radio/TV reception den Radio-/Fernsehempfang überwachen to monitor fuel consumption/sb's heart rate den Benzinverbrauch/jds Herzfrequenz überwachen to monitor sb's blood sugar/cholesterol level jds Blutzucker/Cholesterinspiegel kontrollieren they were supposed to monitor the elections POL sie sollten die Wahlen beobachten to monitor sb's eating habits/movements jds Essgewohnheiten/Bewegungen überwachen to monitor brake power/tyre [or Am tire] wear die Bremskraft/Reifenabnutzung überprüfen

Answer 599

conjugal adjective formal UK /ˈkɒn.dʒə.ɡəl/ US /ˈkɑːn.dʒə.ɡəl/ connected with marriage or the relationship between two married people, especially their sexual relationship: conjugal happiness Some prisoners who want to start a family are to be permitted conjugal visits. conjugal [ˈkondʒugəl] ♦ adjective of marriage. وابسته به زناشویی /kän´jǝ gǝl/ adj. ● وابسته به زناشویی،ازدواجی،زن و شوهری،زناشویی،زفافی،نکاحی conjugal rights and duties حقوق و وظایف زناشویی [ˈkänjəgəl] adjective - conjugal ازدواجی: marital, conjugal نکاحی: marital, nuptial, conjugal conjugal happiness Eheglück nt conjugal bed Ehebett nt conjugal loyalty/visits/rights eheliche Treue/Besuche/Rechte [und Pflichten]

Answer 600

adjust verb [ I/T ] US /əˈdʒʌst/ to change something slightly to make it fit, work better, or be more suitable: [ T ] Adjust the angle of your monitor so you can easily read it. [ I ] You need time to adjust to a new situation. adjustable adjective US /əˈdʒʌs·tə·bəl/ The height of the steering wheel is adjustable. adjustment noun [ C/U ] US /əˈdʒʌst·mənt/ [ C ] Only a few adjustments were needed to make her dress fit perfectly. to change figures slightly according to inflation, the time of year, etc. so that they can be compared in a useful way with other figures: adjust sth for sth Payouts from the fund, when adjusted for inflation, are 20% less today than they were 10 years ago. The region's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was 8.9% this spring. [ I ] to become more familiar with a new situation: adjust to sth Restaurant owners will get additional time to adjust to the new regulations. adjust [əˈdʒast] ♦ verb 1 (often with to ) to change so as to make or be better suited: He soon adjusted to his new way of life. تطبیق دادن 2 to change (the position of, setting of): Adjust the setting of the alarm clock. تنظیم کردن aˈdjustable ♦ adjective able to be adjusted: This car has adjustable seats. قابل تنظیم aˈdjustment ♦ noun . تنظیم /ǝ just´/ vt., vi. ● (خود را) تطبیق دادن،وفق دادن،سازگار کردن the human body adjusts itself to heat and cold بدن انسان خود را با سرماو گرما تطبیق می‌دهد (سازگار می‌کند). ● تنظیم کردن،جور کردن to adjust the watch ساعت را تنظیم کردن ● تعدیل کردن to examine and adjust accounts حساب‌ها را بررسی و تعدیل کردن ● آشتی دادن،رفع اختلاف کردن (در حساب و غیره) he adjusted the differences او اختلافات را برطرف کرد. ● (بیمه) خسارت بیمه را محاسبه کردن ● (ارتش - تیراندازی) میزان کردن،قراول رفتن * well adjusted سازگار،هماهنگ * badly adjusted ناسازگار،ناهماهنگ * You can adjust game configuration options when starting the game for the first time شما می توانید گزینه های پیکره بندی بازی را در هنگام شروع بازی برای اولین بار، تنظیم نمایید. [əˈjəst] verb - adjust تنظیم کردن: adjust, regulate, redact, formulate, frame, control سازگار کردن: adjust تعدیل کردن: moderate, adjust, dampen, modify, modulate, regulate میزان کردن: tune, adjust, collimate, modulate, temper, focus وفق دادن: adapt, reconcile, suit, tune, attune, adjust تسویه نمودن: adjust مطابق کردن: adjust to adjust the brightness die Helligkeit einstellen to adjust the setting die Einstellung anpassen to adjust a lever einen Hebel verstellen to adjust one's clothing seine Kleidung in Ordnung bringen to adjust a damage einen Schaden regulieren to adjust a seam (let out) einen Saum auslassen to adjust a claim einen Anspruch berechnen bps rate adjust bps-Anpassung f to adjust oneself to sth sich Akk auf etw Akk einstellen to adjust the ski binding die Skibindung einstellen to adjust the height of sth etw höher/niedriger stellen to adjust the speed of rotation die Drehzahl einstellen

Answer 601

obstacle [ˈobstəkl] ♦ noun something which prevents progress: His inability to learn foreign languages was an obstacle to his career. مانع obstacle race a race in which runners have to climb over, crawl through etc obstacles such as tyres, nets etc . دو صحرایی با مانع /äb´stǝ kǝl/ n. ● رهگیر،راه‌گیر،مانع،رادع،راه بند،جلوگیر،گذر بند her father's objection was their only obstacle مخالفت پدر دختر یگانه مانع آنها بود. the removal of an obstacle in the throat رفع آنچه که راه گلو را بسته است bureaucratic obstacles موانع اداری (دیوان سالاری) * obstacle race (مسابقه) دو صحرایی با مانع * put obstacles in the way of someone سر راه کسی مانع قرار دادن،(برای کسی) کار شکنی کردن،سد راه کسی شدن formidable obstacle ernstliches Hindernis obstacle course Hindernisparcours m irremovable obstacle nicht wegzuräumendes [o. zu beseitigendes] Hindernis to take an obstacle ein Hindernis nehmen an insurmountable obstacle ein unüberwindbares Hindernis cross-country/100-metre/obstacle race Gelände- [o. CH, A a. Orientierungs-] /Hundertmeter-/Hindernislauf m to be over an obstacle ein Hindernis überwunden haben the horse refused the obstacle das Pferd hat am Hindernis verweigert the swerve around an obstacle die Umgehung eines Hindernisses to refuse a fence/obstacle horse ein Hindernis verweigern to surmount an obstacle/opposition ein Hindernis/einen Widerstand überwinden a major/the major obstacle ein größeres/das größte Hindernis to negotiate [or overcome]/remove an obstacle ein Hindernis überwinden/beseitigen to be an obstacle in the way of [or to] sth ein Hindernis auf dem Weg zu etw Dat sein

Answer 602

presumption noun [ C or U ] UK /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/ US /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/ C1 the act of believing that something is true without having any proof: The presumption of innocence is central to American law. There is no scientific evidence to support such presumptions. [ + that ] The decision is based on the presumption that all information must be freely available. presumption noun US /prɪˈzʌmp·ʃən/ presumption noun (BELIEF) [ C ] a belief that something is true because it is likely, although not certain: There is no scientific evidence to support such presumptions. presumption noun (RUDENESS) [ U ] behavior that is rude or shows that you expect too much: What presumption, to assume that I’d pay for everyone priˈzəmpSHən] noun - presumption فرض: assumption, hypothesis, presumption, supposition, obligation, guess استنباط: deduction, elicitation, presumption, corollary, follow احتمال: possibility, probability, contingency, eventuality, presumption, expectancy گستاخی: impudence, insolence, arrogance, audacity, impertinence, presumption جسارت: audacity, venture, temerity, insolence, effrontery, presumption 🤣hypothesis [haiˈpoθəsis]– plural hyˈpotheses [-siːz] – ♦ noun an unproved theory or point of view put forward, eg for the sake of argument. فرضيه hypothetical [haipəˈθetikəl] ♦ adjective imaginary; supposed. فرضی hypothetically [haipəˈθetikəli] ♦ adverb . بطور فرضی [hīˈpäTHəsis] noun - hypothesis فرضیه: hypothesis, supposition, accidentalism فرض: assumption, hypothesis, presumption, supposition, obligation, guess قضیه فرضی: hypothesis نهشته: hypothesis برانگاشت: hypothesis OpenDictionary /hī päth´ǝ sis, hi-/ n., pl. ● (ظن یا پندار یا گمان اثبات نشده که موقتا برای دستیابی به برخی دانستنی‌ها یا برای بررسی بیشتر بکار می‌رود) فرضیه،پی‌نهشت،برانگاشت،نهشته،گمانه،فرض to prove or disprove a hypothesis فرضیه‌ای را اثبات یا رد کردن a proven hypothesis becomes a theory and an established theory becomes a law فرضیه‌ی اثبات شده تبدیل می‌شود به نگره و نگره‌ی بسیار محقق تبدیل می‌شود به قانون. a working hypothesis فرضیه‌ای که موقتا برای راه انداختن کارها به درد می‌خورد

Answer 603

scapegoat [ˈskeipgəut] ♦ noun a person who is blamed or punished for the mistakes of others: The manager of the football team was made a scapegoat for the team's failure, and was forced to resign. سپر بلا [ˈskāpˌgōt] noun - scapegoat کسیکه قربانی دیگران شود: scapegoat بز طلیعه: scapegoat /skāp´gōt´/ n., vt., vi. ● (در اصل - یهودیان باستان) بز قربانی که خاخام گناهان مردم را در گوشش می‌خواند و سپس می‌گذاشت فرار کند ● سپر بلا،بلاگردان،کسی که گناه دیگران را به گردن او می‌اندازند jews were made a scapegoat for all of Germany's misfortunes یهودیان را عامل همه‌ی بدبختی‌های آلمان شمردند. ● سپر بلا کردن

Answer 604

tyranny noun [ U ] UK /ˈtɪr.ən.i/ US /ˈtɪr.ən.i/ government by a ruler or small group of people who have unlimited power over the people in their country or state and use it unfairly and cruelly: This, the president promised us, was a war against tyranny. a situation in which someone or something controls how you are able to live, in an unfair way: Women, the play seems to suggest, must resist the tyranny of domesticity tyranny noun [ C/U ] US /ˈtɪr·ə·ni/ SOCIAL STUDIES unlimited authority or use of power, or a government which exercises such power without any control or limits tyrannical adjective US /tɪˈræn·ɪ·kəl/ American revolutionaries believed the British government was tyrannical. tyrannize verb [ T ] US /ˈtɪr·əˌnɑɪz/ In school, he was the big bully who tyrannized the whole playground. tyrant noun [ C ] US /ˈtɑɪ·rənt/ Their father was a tyrant, feared by all his children. [ˈtirənē] noun - tyranny ظلم: oppression, injustice, cruelty, tyranny, rigour ستم: oppression, injustice, tyranny, cruelty, violence, despotism ستمگری: tyranny, cruelty, injustice, oppressive treatment حکومت استبدادی: dictatorship, tyranny, autarchy, autarky جور: kind, sort, tyranny, oppression, brand, genre حکومت ستمگرانه: tyranny ظلم وستم: tyranny OpenDictionary /tir´ǝ nē/ n., pl. ● استبداد،خودکامگی،خویشکامی the tyranny of Mohammad Ali Shah استبداد محمدعلی‌شاه ● ظلم و جور،بیداد،بیدادگری،ستمگری the husband's tyranny ظلم و جور شوهر ● خشونت،شدت،حدت

Answer 605

allocate [ˈӕləkeit] ♦ verb 1 to give (to someone) for his own use: He allocated a room to each student. اختصاص دادن 2 to set apart (for a particular purpose): They allocated $500 to the project. کنار گذاشتن؛ تخصیص دادن ˌalloˈcation ♦ noun . تخصیص /al´ō kāt´/ vt. ● اختصاص دادن،تخصیص دادن،دادن،ویژه ساختن،معین کردن،کنار گذاشتن to allocate funds for housing اختصاص دادن بودجه برای خانه‌سازی ● سهمیه دادن،(طبق برنامه) بخش کردن،تقسیم کردن،قسمت کردن،توزیع کردن،سهم دادن she allocated her wealth to charitable foundations او ثروت خود را بین موسسات خیریه تقسیم کرد. ● تعیین مکان کردن،جایابی کردن،جادادن،واگذار کردن،محول کردن،نگه‌داشتن verb - allocate اختصاص دادن: assign, allocate, devote, appropriate, earmark, dedicate تخصیص دادن: allot, allocate, apportion, consecrate, give, design to allocate sth fairly etw gerecht verteilen to allocate funds [for sth] [Geld]mittel [für etw Akk ] bereitstellen to allocate blame for sth to sb jdm die Schuld an etw Dat zuschieben to allocate funds to sb/sth jdm/etw Gelder bewilligen

Answer 606

entrust [inˈtrast] ♦ verb to give into the care of another; to trust (somebody with something): I entrusted this secret to her; I entrusted her with the duty of locking up. سپردن به؛ اطمینان کردن به /en trust´, in-/ vt. ● به عهده‌ی کسی گذاشتن،(مسئولیت و غیره) واگذار کردن،محول کردن،برگماشتن to entrust one's lawyer with the records پرونده‌ها را در اختیار وکیل خود قرار دادن ● اطمینان کردن به،سپردن به he entrusted the keys to me او کلیدها را به من سپرد. don't entrust your money to him! پولت را دست او نده‌! [enˈtrəst] verb - entrust سپردن: deposit, entrust, consign, commit, intrust, depute واگذار کردن: concede, cede, assign, relegate, give, entrust بامانت سپردن: bail, entrust, intrust to entrust sth to sb [or sb with sth] jdm etw anvertrauen to entrust sth/sb into sb's care etw/jdn in jds Obhut geben to entrust a task to sb jdn mit einer Aufgabe betrauen

Answer 607

procedure [prəˈsiːdʒə] ♦ noun the order or method of doing something: They followed the usual procedure(s). شیوه؛ روش proˈcedural ♦ adjective . مربوط به شیوه کار /prō sē´jǝr, prǝ-/ n. ● شیوه،فراروند،روش،گواسه،طرز عمل،رویه،روال،اسلوب عملکرد،پردازه parliamentary procedure شیوه‌ی پارلمانی surgical procedure روال عمل جراحی ● اصول محاکمات،آیین دادرسی ● نظام نامه،آیین نامه Thesaurus [prəˈsējər] noun - procedure روش: method, way, procedure, manner, how, system روند: process, procedure, flow, proceeding, method رویه: procedure, surface, scheme, tack, method, cover طرز عمل: procedure, modus operandi, action, mode, manner ایین دادرسی: procedure regular procedure übliche Vorgehensweise complaints procedure Beschwerdeverfahren nt analytical procedure Analyseverfahren nt court procedure Gerichtsverfahren nt standard procedure übliche Vorgehensweise operating procedure TECH Fertigungsverfahren nt insolvency procedure JUR Insolvenzverfahren nt qualification procedure Am UNIV Zulassungsverfahren nt backup procedure Datensicherungsprozedur f verification procedure Prüfungsverfahren nt irregularity in the procedure Verfahrensfehler m rules pl of procedure JUR Geschäftsordnung f to follow procedure sich Akk an die übliche Vorgehensweise halten compulsory execution procedure Zwangsvollstreckungsverfahren nt to formalize an agreement/a procedure eine Abmachung/ein Verfahren formell bekräftigen this method indicates a lot about this procedure dieses Verfahren sagt eine Menge zu diesem Vorgang aus what is the correct procedure for dealing with such patients? wie sollte man mit solchen Patienten umgehen?

Answer 608

breach [briːtʃ] ♦ noun 1 a breaking (of a promise etc ). نقض؛ تخلف 2 a gap, break or hole: a breach in the castle wall; a breach in security. روزنه؛ رخنه ♦ verb to make an opening in or break (someone's defence). شکستن breach of the peace a riot, disturbance or public fight: guilty of breach of the peace. بر هم زدن آرامش /brēch/ n., vt., vi. ● نقض،تخلف،تجاوز،خلف (وعده)،(در مورد قانون و سنت و قول و غیره) شکستن a breach of contract شکستن قرارداد،نقض قرارداد what they did was in breach of trade union rules آنچه آنها کردند خلاف مقررات اتحایه‌ی کارگران بود. breach of promise نقض عهد،خلف وعده،عهدشکنی ● (مهجور) شکستن یا شکسته شدن (چیزی) ● (در مورد دیوار و سد و خط دفاعی و سنگر و غیره) رخنه،شکست،روزنه،در رو،نفوذ،رخنه کردن they were ready to defend any breach in the walls آنان برای دفاع از هر گونه رخنه در دیوارها آماده بودند. our soldiers breached the enemies' barbed wire سربازان ما از سیم‌های خاردار دشمن عبور کردند. our defensive lines could not be breached خطوط دفاعی ما نفوذناپذیر بود. ● شکستن موج بر دیواره‌ی ساحلی و کشتی و غیره ● پرش نهنگ (به طوری که بدنش از آب بیرون بیاید)،(از آب بیرون) جهیدن [brēCH] noun - breach رخنه: breach, flaw, gap, crack, hole, chink شکاف: gap, split, slot, fracture, notch, breach نقض عهد: breach, violation, abjuration, perjury, perfidy نقض عهد کردن: abjuration, breach verb - breach نقض کردن: violate, quash, breach, break, contravene, disaffirm ایجاد شکاف کردن: breach رخنه کردن در: thrust, breach security breach Verstoß m gegen die Sicherheitsbestimmungen fundamental breach [zum Vertragsrücktritt berechtigender] schwerer Vertragsbruch anticipatory breach JUR vorweggenommene Vertragsverletzung breach of [the] law Gesetzesverletzung f breach of the peace Störung f der öffentlichen Ruhe und Ordnung breach of confidence [or faith] Vertrauensbruch m to breach a contract einen Vertrag brechen to breach an agreement eine Vereinbarung verletzen breach [or infringement] of copyright Verstoß m gegen das Urheberrecht breach of trust JUR Verletzung f von Treuhänderpflichten breach of contract Vertragsbruch m breach of warranty Garantieverletzung f breach of etiquette Verstoß m gegen die Etikette breach of promise Wortbrüchigkeit f breach of duty Pflichtverletzung f breach of domicile Hausfriedensbruch m

Answer 609

AU leisure [ˈleʒə, (American) ˈli:ʒər] ♦ noun time which one can spend as one likes, especially when one does not have to work: I seldom have leisure to watch television. فراغت ˈleisurely ♦ adjective, ♦ adverb not hurrying; taking plenty of time: She had a leisurely bath. با آسودگی /lē´zhǝr, lezh´ǝr/ n., adj. ● وقت آزاد،وقت فراغت،زمان آسودگی (که انسان مجبور به انجام کاری نیست و می‌تواند به دلخواه وقت خود را بگذراند)،ماژ هنگام،وقت آسایش he spends his leisure painting او اوقات فراغت خود را به نقاشی می‌گذراند. I don't have enough leisure (time) to go to the movies من آنقدر وقت آزاد ندارم که به سینما بروم. ● فراغت،آسودگی،ماژ،وابسته به اوقات فراغت،کارآسایی،مجال leisure activities فعالیت‌های اوقات فراغت leisure wear جامه‌های راحت ● فارغ،آسوده خاطر،در آسایش،در رفاه،آسوده،(وابسته به کسی که برای امرار معاش نیاز به کار کردن ندارد) مرفه،آسودمند the leisure class طبقه‌ی مرفه * at leisure 1- دارای وقت آزاد،فارغ‌البال،ماژدار،در آسایش 2- بی‌شتاب،سر فرصت،در موقع مناسب * at one's leisure هنگامی که شخص فرصت کافی دارد * leisured, adj. مرفه،آسوده،آسودمند،کم مشغله ˈleZHər,ˈlēZHər] noun - leisure فراغت: leisure, leisure time, relief, rest, obviation, rescue فرصت: opportunity, chance, time, occasion, opening, leisure مجال: opportunity, chance, leisure, excellent opportunity, lucky chance تن اسایی: indolence, leisure, lounge, self-complacency اسودگی: relief, tranquility, convenience, comfort, ease, leisure وقت کافی: leisure leisure facilities Freizeiteinrichtungen pl leisure activities Hobbys pl leisure pursuits Freizeitaktivitäten pl sports and leisure complex Sport- und Freizeitzentrum nt at [one's] leisure in aller Ruhe leisure hours/time Freizeit f call me at your leisure rufen Sie mich an, wenn es Ihnen gelegen ist a gentleman/lady of leisure esp scherzh ein Lebemann/eine Lebedame meist abw to lead a life of leisure ein müßiges Leben führen feel free to answer my letter at your leisure nehmen Sie sich ruhig Zeit für die Beantwortung meines Schreibens

Answer 610

solitary [ˈsolitəri] ♦ adjective 1 alone; without companions: a solitary traveller. تنها 2 living or being alone, by habit or preference: She was a solitary person. منزوي 3 single: not a solitary example. انفرادي ˈsolitude [-tjuːd] ♦ noun the state of being alone: He likes solitude; He lives in solitude. solitary confinement imprisonment in a cell by oneself: He was sentenced to six months' solitary confinement. حبس انفرادي /säl´ǝ ter´ē/ adj., n., pl. ● تک،تنها،یکه و تنها a solitary traveller یک مسافر تنها ● فقط،یکه،فرد،منحصر بفرد،یگانه،منفرد a solitary example یگانه مثال ● دور افتاده،خلوت،پرت a soitary place مکان دور افتاده ● (گیاه شناسی) تک رست ● (جانور شناسی) تک زی،غیر اجتماعی ● راهبه،راهب،تارک دنیا،گوشه نشین [ˈsäləˌterē] adjective - solitary منفرد: single, singular, solitary تنها: only, alone, single, lonely, lone, solitary منزوی: secluded, solitary, insular, cloistered, retired, offish مجرد: single, immaterial, abstract, solitary, celibate, incorporeal تک: single, one, individual, solo, lone, solitary پرت: flung, deviated, digressed, outlying, solitary, wide noun - solitary گوشه نشین: hermit, recluse, anchoret, anchorite, solitary, solitudinarian عابد: hermit, anchoret, ascetic, eremite, solitary

Answer 611

dedicate [ˈdedikeit] ♦ verb 1 to give up wholly to; to devote to: He dedicated his life to good works. وقف کردن؛ فدا کردن 2 to set apart, especially for a holy or sacred purpose: He decided to dedicate a chapel to his wife's memory. وقف کردن؛ اختصاص دادن 3 (of an author etc ) to state that (a book etc ) is in honour of someone: He dedicated the book to his father; She dedicated that song to her friend. تقدیم کردن؛ پیشکش کردن ˈdedicated ♦ adjective spending a great deal of one's time and energy on a subject, one's job etc : She's a dedicated teacher; He is dedicated to music. فداکار؛ از خودگذشته ˌdediˈcation ♦ noun 1 the quality of being dedicated; the act of dedicating: dedication to duty; the dedication of the church. وقف؛ از خود گذشتگی 2 the words dedicating a book to someone: We can put the dedication at the top of the page. تقدیم نامه /ded´i kit, -kāt´/ adj., vt. ● (برای هدف مقدس یا در راه خدا) وقف کردن،اختصاص دادن،ایثار کردن،فدا کردن he dedicated his life to the service of God او عمر خود را وقف خدمت خدا کرد. ● تقدیم کردن،اهدا کردن،پیشکش کردن،واگذاشتن،جانفشانی کردن he dedicated his book to his wife او کتاب خود را به همسرش تقدیم کرد. ● (ساختمانی را با مراسم مذهبی) نام گذاری کردن،افتتاح کردن،گشودن the building will be formally dedicated on Sunday ساختمان روز یکشنبه رسما گشایش خواهد یافت. ● (حقوق) عام‌المنفعه کردن،همگانی کردن،به همگان اختصاص دادن ● (قدیمی) فداکار،جانفشان [ˈdediˌkāt] verb - dedicate اختصاص دادن: assign, allocate, devote, appropriate, earmark, dedicate وقف کردن: bequeath, endow, dedicate, amortise, amortize, avow اهدا کردن: dedicate

Answer 612

designate [ˈdezigneit] ♦ verb 1 to call or name: It was designated a conservation area. نامیدن؛ قلمداد کردن 2 to point out or identify: He has been designated our next Prime Minister. مشخص کردن؛ تعیین کردن ♦ adjective (placed immediately after noun ) appointed to an office etc but not yet having begun it: the ambassador designate. برگزیده؛ نامزد ˌdesigˈnation ♦ noun a name or title. نام؛ عنوان ˌdesignated ˈdriver ♦ noun (American ) one of a group of friends who is chosen to drive them and therefore agrees not to drink alcohol at a party. etc . شخصی از میان جمع که به عنوان راننده انتخاب می شود و نباید در مجلس مشروبات الکلی بنوشد /dez´ig nāt´, -nit, -nāt´/ adj., vt. ● (شغل و غیره) نامزد،برگزیده an ambassador designate نامزد شغل سفارت ● تخصیص دادن،در نظر گرفتن،تعیین کردن،مشخص کردن،هویدا کردن،واسپاردن they designated the boundaries of the land آنها حدود زمین را تعیین کردند. smoking is permitted only in designated areas سیگار کشیدن فقط در جاهای تعیین شده مجاز است. this room has been designated for reading این اتاق برای قرائت تخصیص داده شده است. ● (با ذکر مشخصات) اشاره کردن به،نام بردن،نامیدن he was designated as leader of the free world او را رهبر جهان آزاد قلمداد می‌کردند. ● (برای شغلی) نامزد کردن،در نظر گرفتن،برگزیدن the king designated his second son as his successor پادشاه پسر دوم خود را به عنوان جانشین برگزید. erb - designate معین کردن: determine, ascertain, define, specify, designate, delineate نامزد کردن: nominate, betroth, designate, engage, espouse, trothplight گماشتن: appoint, assign, designate, charge, commission, instate تخصیص دادن: allot, allocate, apportion, consecrate, give, designate برگزیدن: elect, pick, choose, select, opt, designate to designate one's successor seinen Nachfolger ernennen the Governor designate der designierte Gouverneur to designate sb to do sth jdn mit etw Dat beauftragen

Answer 613

compulsory adjective UK /kəmˈpʌl.sər.i/ US /kəmˈpʌl.sɚ.i/ B2 If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law: Swimming was compulsory at my school. The law made wearing seat belts in cars compulsory. compulsory adjective US /kəmˈpʌl·sə·ri/ (of something) that must be done; necessary by law or a rule: Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16. compulsory enforcement JUR Zwangsverwertung f compulsory subject Pflichtfach nt compulsory vaccination Pflichtimpfung f compulsory retirement Zwangspensionierung f compulsory disclosure WIRTSCH Publizitätspflicht f compulsory contribution (insurance) Pflichtbeitrag m compulsory attendance Anwesenheitspflicht f compulsory purchase Brit JUR Enteignung f fachspr compulsory education [or schooling] [allgemeine] Schulpflicht compulsory by law gesetzlich vorgeschrieben compulsory military service [allgemeine] Wehrpflicht compulsory winding order Zwangsliquidationsbeschluss m compulsory execution procedure Zwangsvollstreckungsverfahren nt compulsory [or required] reading Pflichtlektüre f attendance at lectures is compulsory bei Vorlesungen besteht Anwesenheitspflicht he has just finished his stint of compulsory military service er hat soeben die vorgeschriebene Wehrdienstzeit a

Answer 614

abolish [əˈboliʃ] ♦ verb to put an end to (a custom, law etc ): We must abolish the death penalty. لغو کردن ˌaboˈlition [ӕ-] ♦ noun . لغو adjective - abolished منسوخ: obsolete, outdated, abolished, abrogated, antiquated, disused adjective cancelled, annulled, revoked, repealed; abrogatee abolish verb [a·bol·ish || ə'bɒlɪʃ] cancel, revoke to abolish sth etw abschaffen to abolish a law ein Gesetz aufheben to abolish a law ein Gesetz aufheben to abolish [or do away with] the death penalty die Todesstrafe abschaffen

Answer 615

facilitate verb [ T ] formal UK /fəˈsɪl.ɪ.teɪt/ US /fəˈsɪl.ə.teɪt/ C1 to make something possible or easier: The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs. The current structure does not facilitate efficient work flow facilitate verb [ T ] US /fəˈsɪl·əˌteɪt/ to make something possible or easier: To facilitate learning, each class is no larger than 30 students. facilitation noun [ U ] US/fəˌsɪl·əˈteɪ·ʃən/ Somerville was charged with conspiracy and criminal facilitation. this would facilitate matters a lot das würde die Sache doch sehr erleichtern to facilitate an enterprise/a project ein Unternehmen/Projekt fördern [fəˈsiliˌtāt] verb - facilitate تسهیل کردن: facilitate, comfort, simplify کمک کردن: help, assist, aid, facilitate, boost, bestead اسان کردن: facilitate fǝ sil´ǝ tāt´/ vt. ● تسهیل کردن،آسان کردن،گره‌گشایی کردن،بشولیدن،گشایش دادن in order to facilitate customs formalities به منظور آسان کردن تشریفات گمرکی measures intended to facilitate economic development اقداماتی که برای تسهیل پیشرفت اقتصادی صورت گرفته است

Answer 616

affiliation noun [ C or U ] UK /əˌfɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ US /əˌfɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ a connection with a political party or religion, or with a larger organization: The group has affiliations with several organizations abroad. Their lack of affiliation to any particular bank allows them to give objective financial advice. political affiliations əˌfilēˈāSHən] noun - affiliation وابستگی: dependence, dependency, affiliation, attachment, association, interdependence پیوستگی: continuity, conjunction, connection, cohesion, association, affiliation /ǝ fil´ē ā´shǝn/ n. ● وابستگی،نسبت،رابطه he had no political affiliation او وابستگی سیاسی نداشت.

Answer 617

destitute [ˈdestitjuːt] ♦ adjective in great need of food, shelter etc : They were left destitute when he died. تهی دست؛ مستمند /des´tǝ tōōt´, -tyōōt´/ adj. ● (بسیار) فقیر،تهی‌دست،بی‌چیز،مستمند،مفلس after the war, many families became destitute بعد از جنگ خانواده‌های زیادی دچار فقر شدید شدند. ● (با: of) فاقد،بی‌بهره،نادار a land destitute of trees سرزمین فاقد درخت ● (مهجور) ترک شده،متروک،در هجران،بی‌کس adjective [des·ti·tute || 'destɪtjuːt] poor, impoverished, penniless, needy, poverty-stricken destitute verarmt destitute notleidend destitute person mittelloser Mensch

Answer 618

US UK AU proportion [prəˈpoːʃən] ♦ noun 1 a part (of a total amount): Only a small proportion of the class passed the exam. بخش 2 the (correct) quantity, size, number etc (of one thing compared with that of another): For this dish, the butter and flour should be in the proportion of three to four (=eg 300 grammes of butter with every 400 grammes of flour). نسبت proˈportional ♦ adjective . نسبی proˈportionally ♦ adverb . بطور نسبی proˈportionate [-nət] ♦ adjective being in correct proportion: Are her wages really proportionate to the amount of work she does? متناسب proˈportionately ♦ adverb . بطور متناسب be, *get etc in proportion (to) to (cause to) have a correct relationship (to each other or something else): In drawing a person, it is difficult to get all the parts of the body in proportion. متناسب کردن be, *get etc out of (all) proportion (to) to (cause to) have an incorrect relationship (to each other or something else): An elephant's tail seems out of (all) proportion to the rest of its body. بی تناسب بودن in proportion to in relation to; in comparison with: You spend far too much time on that work in proportion to its importance. نسبت به چیزی /prō pôr´shǝn/ n., vt. ● تناسب،همگری،بساوندی،همودی all the details of this painting have admirable proportion کلیه‌ی جزئیات این نقاشی باهم تناسب تحسین انگیزی دارد. ● نسبت،برپاری the proportion of exports to imports نسبت صادرات به واردات ● سهم،سهمیه،حصه،قسمت،بخش a large proportion of the sea's surface بخش وسیعی از سطح دریا ● (جمع) ابعاد،اندازه(ها) a building of large proportions ساختمانی با ابعاد بزرگ ● (ریاضی) نسبت،هم بهری the proportion of 6 to 2 is equal to that of 9 to3 نسبت 6 به 2 برابر است با نسبت 9 به 3. ● متناسب کردن،همگر کردن،همود کردن،برپار کردن،سازوار کردن to proportion the punishment to the crime تنبیه را با جنایت متناسب کردن * in proportion دارای تناسب،متناسب،همگر this picture is not in proportion; it shows the elephant to be smaller than a man این عکس تناسب ندارد چون فیل را کوچکتر از انسان نشان می‌دهد. * in proportion to something نسبت به چیزی our expenditures are too high in proportion to our income هزینه‌های ما نسبت به درآمدمان بسیار زیاد است. * out of proportion (to something) نامتناسب (با چیزی) the boy's head is out of proportion to the rest of his body سر آن پسر با بقیه‌ی بدنش تناسب ندارد. [prəˈpôrSHən] noun - proportion نسبت: proportion, ratio, relation, relationship, respect, bearing تناسب: proportion, appropriateness, proportionality, symmetry, analogy, congruence مقدار: amount, value, quantity, content, extent, proportion قسمت: section, portion, segment, department, chapter, proportion قیاس: analogy, analogy, syllogism, deduction, induction, proportion قرینه: symmetry, indication, analogy, proportion شباهت: resemblance, analogy, likeness, semblance, analog, proportion درجه: degree, grade, rating, point, scale, proportion verb - proportion متناسب کردن: fit, coordinate, proportion, proportionate متقارن کردن: polarize, proportion proportion of intergreen times Anteil an Zwischenzeiten proportion of expatriates Ausländeranteil m to keep sth in proportion etw im richtigen Verhältnis sehen in proportion to sb/sth im Verhältnis zu jdm/etw the literate proportion of the population der Anteil der alphabetisierten Bevölkerung to have/keep a sense of proportion bei etw Dat den richtigen Maßstab anlegen (develop) to blow up out of all proportion grotesk übersteigerte Formen annehmen to blow sth out of [all] proportion etw maßlos übertreiben to be in/out of proportion [to sth] im/in keinem Verhältnis zu etw Dat stehen to be in inverse proportion [or relation] to sth im umgekehrten Verhältnis zu etw Dat stehen I'm all out of proportion in this picture auf diesem Bild stimmen die Proportionen überhaupt nicht to be in/out of proportion [to each other] in den Proportionen [zueinander] stimmen/nicht stimmen what proportion of people who are HIV-positive go on to develop AIDS? bei wie viel Prozent der HIV-Infizierten bricht tatsächlich AIDS aus?

Answer 619

fluctuate verb [ I ] UK /ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt/ US /ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt/ C2 to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another: Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season. Her wages fluctuate between £150 and £200 a week. Her weight fluctuates wildly. fluctuating prices to fluctuate/vary wildly stark fluktuieren/schwanken fluctuate verb [ I ] UK /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ US if prices, levels, or interest rates fluctuate, they go up and down: Inflation has fluctuated in recent months along with oil prices. fluctuate between sth and sth Dividend yields typically fluctuate between 4 per cent and 6 per cent. fluctuate with sth Over the past months, retail prices have fluctuated with market conditions. prices/investments/profits fluctuate Traders on the New York Stock Exchange monitored their screens and took a wait-and-see approach as prices fluctuated. fluctuate wildly/significantly/slightly Shares have been fluctuating wildly in a volatile market. fluctuate from day to day/month to month/year to year Your cash flow fluctuates from year to year as your portfolio increases or decreases.

Answer 620

incur [inˈkəː]– past tense, past participle inˈcurred – ♦ verb 1 to bring (something unpleasant) on oneself: to incur someone's displeasure. موجب شدن 2 to become liable to pay (a debt): to incur enormous debts. متحمل شدن verb - incur وارد امدن: incur موجب شدن: cause, afford, bring, entail, evince, inure متحمل شدن بر: incur /in ku_r´/ vt. ● (قرض یا هر چیز ناخوشایند) بالا آوردن،متحمل شدن to incur a debt قرض بالا آوردن ● موجب شدن،برسرخود آوردن he incurred the king's wrath او خشم شاه را نسبت به خود برانگیخت. to incur sb's displeasure jds Missfallen erregen to incur a punishment sich Akk strafbar machen to incur debt Schulden machen to incur losses Verluste erleiden to incur costs sich Dat Unkosten aufladen to incur the blame for sth den Tadel für etw Akk einstecken to not incur liability for sth JUR für etw keine Haftung übernehmen to incur the anger [or wrath] of sb jds Zorn auf sich Akk ziehen to incur the risk of a penalty das Risiko einer [Geld]strafe eingehen to incur sb's wrath [or the wrath of sb] sich Dat jds Zorn zuziehen

Answer 621

provision [prəˈviʒən] ♦ noun 1 the act of providing: The government are responsible for the provision of education for all children. تامین 2 an agreed arrangement. آماده سازی 3 a rule or condition. شرط؛ تبصره ♦ verb to supply (especially an army) with food. آذوقه رساندن proˈvisional ♦ adjective temporary; appointed, arranged etc only for the present time: a provisional government. موقتی proˈvisionally ♦ adverb . بطور موقت proˈvisions ♦ noun plural (a supply of) food: The campers got their provisions at the village shop. آذوقه make provision for to provide what is necessary for: You should make provision for your old age. تامین آتیه کردن transitional provision Übergangsbestimmung f with the provision that ... unter der Bedingung, dass ... old-age provision Altersvorsorge f provision for losses on loans and advances Vorsorgebestand m to make provision for sb/sth für jdn/etw Vorsorge treffen

Answer 622

C1 to give official permission for something to happen, or to give someone official permission to do something: Who authorized this expenditure? [ + to infinitive ] I authorized my bank to pay her £3,000. authorize verb [ T ] (UK also authorise) UK /ˈɔːθəraɪz/ US to give official permission for something to happen, or to give someone official permission to do something: The Board of Directors has authorized a share buy-back program for up to 60 million shares of the company. authorize sb to do sth Their technologies division has been authorised to sell, support, and train customers on the new mobile system. to authorize sb to do sth jdn bevollmächtigen [o. ermächtigen] , etw zu tun

Answer 623

ratio [ˈreiʃiəu]– plural ˈratios – ♦ noun the amount or proportion of one thing compared to another: There is a ratio of two girls to one boy in this class. نسبت [ˈrāSHēˌō,ˈrāSHō] noun - ratio نسبت: proportion, ratio, relation, relationship, respect, bearing ضریب: coefficient, factor, ratio, modulus نسبیت: relativity, relativism, ratio نسبت معین و ثابت: ratio قسمت: section, portion, segment, department, chapter, ratio ضرب کننده: multiplier, coefficient, ratio /rā´shō, -shē ō´/ n., pl. ● نسبت،رسد،بهر،برچند a ratio of two boys to three girls نسبت دو پسر به سه دختر the ratio between births and deaths نسبت تعداد تولد به تعداد مرگ و میر the student-teacher ratio in this school نسبت (تعداد) شاگردان به (تعداد) معلمان در این مدرسه ● (پول‌هایی که پشتوانه‌ی آن هم

Answer 624

oral [ˈoːrəl] ♦ adjective 1 spoken, not written: an oral examination. شفاهی 2 of or by the mouth: oral hygiene; an oral contraceptive. دهانی؛ خوراکی ♦ noun a spoken examination: He passed the written exam, but failed his oral. امتحان شفاهی ˈorally ♦ adverb medicine to be taken orally. بطور شفهی؛ بطور خوراکی [ˈôrəl] adjective - oral شفاهی: oral, verbal, unwritten, viva voce, nuncupative, vocabular دهانی: oral, palatal از راه دهان: oral زبانی: lingual, verbal, oral, nuncupative, viva voce, vocabular /ōr´ǝl, ō´rǝl; ôr´-/ adj., n. ● زبانی،شفاهی،گفتاری the oral exam will come after the written exam امتحان شفاهی پس از امتحان کتبی خواهد بود. stories passed on by oral tradition داستان‌هایی که دهان به دهان گشته است (طبق سنت گفتاری انتقال یافته است). ● وابسته به سخن و سخنوری،سخنی،سخنورانه ● (زبان‌شناسی) دهانی (در برابر: خیشومی nasal) oral speech sounds آواهای دهانی ● (روانکاوی) دهانی oral eroticism شهوت دهانی ● (جانورشناسی - روی دهان یا در اطراف دهان) دهان‌سوی،دهان درون،دهان درونی،دهانی ● (معمولا جمع) آزمون (های) گفتاری،امتحان (ات) شفاهی next week she will take her orals هفته‌ی دیگر امتحانات شفاهی خود را خواهد داد. ● (دارو و غیره) از راه دهان،خوردنی * oral contraceptive داروی ضد آبستنی خوراکی * oral hygiene بهداشت دهان orally administered drugs داروهایی که از راه دهان داده می‌شود. * oral surgeon جراح دهان و دندان oral evidence mündliche Aussage oral vaccination Schluckimpfung f oral medication Medizin f zum Einnehmen oral hygiene Mundhygiene f oral contraceptive orales Verhütungsmittel oral skills sprachliche Ausdrucksfähigkeit oral thermometer Fieberthermometer nt oral stage orale Phase fachspr oral rehydration salts Salze zur oralen Rehydration oral rehydration solution orale Rehydrationslösung oral/practical/written test mündliche/praktische/schriftliche Prüfung oral exam/statement mündliche Prüfung/Aussage to make an oral agreement eine mündliche Absprache treffen to do an oral presentation about sth ein Referat [o. einen Vortrag] über etw Akk halten he can write well, but how are his oral skills? schreiben kann er gut, aber kann er sich auch mündlich ausdrücken? during an oral exam, a professor will solicit detailed answers from a student in einer mündlichen Prüfung verlangt ein Professor ausführliche Antworten von einem Studenten

Answer 625

B2 [ T ] to reach a decision or an agreement about something, or to end a disagreement: Good, that's all settled - you send out the invitations for the party, and I'll organize the food. [ + question word ] They haven't yet settled when the wedding is going to be. "The tickets are €40 each." "Well, that settles that - I can't afford that much." I'd like to get this matter settled once and for all (= reach a final decision on it). US UK AU settle [ˈsetl] ♦ verb 1 to place in a position of rest or comfort: I settled myself in the armchair. ساكن شدن 2 to come to rest: Dust had settled on the books. آرام گرفتن 3 to soothe: I gave him a pill to settle his nerves. تسكين دادن 4 to go and live: Many Scots settled in New Zealand. منزل كردن 5 to reach a decision or agreement: Have you settled with the builders when they are to start work?; The dispute between management and employees is still not settled. فيصله دادن 6 to pay (a bill). پرداختن ˈsettlement ♦ noun 1 an agreement: The two sides have at last reached a settlement. توافق 2 a small community: a farming settlement. كولوني؛ماندگاه ˈsettler ♦ noun a person who settles in a country that is being newly populated: They were among the early settlers on the east coast of America. مهاجر settle down 1 to (cause to) become quiet, calm and peaceful: He waited for the audience to settle down before he spoke; She settled the baby down at last. آرام كردن 2 to make oneself comfortable: She settled (herself) down in the back of the car and went to sleep. جاخوش كردن 3 to begin to concentrate on something, eg work: He settled down to (do) his schoolwork. متمركز شدن settle in to become used to and comfortable in new surroundings. عادت كردن settle on to agree about or decide. به توافق رسيدن settle up to pay (a bill): He asked the waiter for the bill, and settled up. پرداختن [ˈsetl] verb - settle ته نشین شدن: settle ماندن: stay, remain, be, stand, settle, subsist مستقر شدن: settle, set, fix تصفیه کردن: refine, clean up, filter, purge, settle, purify مقیم شدن: settle, reside مسکن دادن: domicile, lodge, settle فیصل دادن: decide, settle, solve تسویه کردن: defray, compromise, liquidate, liquidize, pay off, settle مسکن گزیدن: bield, guest, inhabit, room, settle نشست کردن: extravasate, settle, sink, subside تصفیه حساب کردن: settle فرو نشستن: subside, be quenched, abate, founder, be quelled, settle معین کردن: determine, ascertain, define, specify, designate, settle مستقر ساختن: locate, settle واریز کردن: even, settle, square ساکن کردن: denizen, lodge, settle مقیم کردن: garrison, settle جا دادن: accommodate, incorporate, house, embed, infix, settle noun - settle واریز: settlement, settle to settle sth amicably etw freundschaftlich regeln settle down, you two gebt mal ein bisschen Ruhe, ihr zwei to settle one's affairs form seine Angelegenheiten regeln [o. in Ordnung bringen] to settle a strike einen Streik beenden to settle a matter eine Angelegenheit regeln to settle a lawsuit einen Prozess durch einen Vergleich beilegen to settle a grievance einen Missstand beseitigen to settle an account ein Konto ausgleichen to settle a place einen Ort besiedeln to settle one's stomach seinen Magen beruhigen to settle to work sich Akk an die Arbeit machen to settle a query eine [Rück]frage beantworten to settle a score eine Rechnung begleichen übtr to settle a claim eine Forderung regulieren to settle into domesticity sich Akk der Familie widmen to settle the stomach den Magen beruhigen to settle a dispute amicably einen Streit gütlich beilegen to settle [or pay] an account eine Rechnung bezahlen [o. geh begleichen] to settle on a name sich Akk für einen Namen entscheiden

Answer 626

dreadful adjective UK /ˈdred.fəl/ US /ˈdred.fəl/ dreadful adjective (FRIGHTENING) causing fear, shock, or suffering: The news report was so dreadful that I just had to switch it off. the dreadful sufferings of the people during this war dreadful adjective (LOW QUALITY) B2 mainly UK of very low quality or very unpleasant: The food was bad and the service was dreadful. They played some dreadful music. Synonyms awful (BAD) horrendous terrible (UNPLEASANT) readful adjective (VERY GREAT) mainly UK informal used to emphasize the great degree of something: I was beginning to think I'd made a dreadful mistake. It's a dreadful shame you couldn't come. dreadful annoyance großes Ärgernis dreadful mistake furchtbarer Fehler dreadful accident schlimmer Unfall dreadful atrocity entsetzliche Gräueltat dated ugs curse this dreadful traffic! dieser vermaledeite Verkehr aber auch! veraltend ugs he's a dreadful flirt er kann das Flirten nicht lassen a dreadful bore ein entsetzlich langweiliger Mensch dreadful bother [or nuisance] schreckliche [o. lästige] Plage just dreadful/wonderful einfach furchtbar/wundervoll garlic gives me dreadful wind von Knoblauch bekomme ich fürchterliche Blähungen to be in a dreadful/sad/sorry plight in einer schrecklichen/traurigen/erbärmlichen Lage sein I was horror-struck to hear the dreadful news mich packte das kalte Grausen, als ich die schreckliche Nachricht hörte

Answer 627

utensil [juˈtensl] ♦ noun an instrument or vessel used in everyday life: pots and pans and other kitchen utensils. ظروف ● ظرف،گنجانه،خنور،باهار،سپار ● ابزار آشپزخانه (دیگ و خمب و سینی و تشت و غیره) cooking utensils وسائل پخت و پز ● (به ویژه کشاورزی) وسیله،ابزار،آلت farming utensils ابزار کشاورزی yo͞oˈtensəl] noun - utensil ظروف: utensil, dish وسایل: furniture, utensil ظرف: container, dish, vessel, receptacle, utensil, vase مخلفات: chattels, sundries, utensil, dressing اسباب: rigging, rig, furniture, gadget, instrument, utensil

Answer 628

dispel [diˈspel]– past tense, past participle diˈspelled – ♦ verb to drive away: His words dispelled our fears. پراکندن؛ زایل کردن [disˈpel] verb - dispel برطرف کردن: dispel, remove, eliminate, rectify, surmount, acquit طلسم را باطل کردن: dispel دفع کردن: ward off, fend, exorcise, stave off, countercheck, dispel di spel´/ vt. ● پراکندن،متفرق کردن،تاراندن،زایل کردن he is trying to dispel the rumors about his resignation او می‌کوشد که شایعات مربوط به استعفای خود را برطرف کند. then a breeze came and dispelled the smoke سپس نسیمی آمد و دود را پراکنده کرد. to dispel a fear eine Befürchtung zerstreuen to dispel sb's sorrows jds Kummer vertreiben to dispel a myth einen Mythos zerstören to dispel an idea eine Idee verwerfen to dispel sb's doubts jds Zweifel zerstreuen [o. vertreiben] [o. verscheuchen]

Answer 629

eliminate verb UK /iˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ US /iˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ C1 [ T ] to remove or take away someone or something: A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease. We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident. The police eliminated him from their enquiries. C1 [ T often passive ] to defeat someone so that they cannot continue in a competition: He was eliminated in the third round of the competition. eliminate [iˈlimineit] ♦ verb to get rid of; to omit or exclude: He was eliminated from the tennis match in the first round. حذف کردن؛ دفع کردن eˌlimiˈnation ♦ noun . حذف؛ نابودی ē lim´ǝ nāt´, i-/ vt. ● حذف کردن،از قلم انداختن،به حساب نیاوردن،(از متن و غیره) زدن some of the names were secretly eliminated from the list برخی از اسامی را به طور پنهانی از فهرست حذف کرده بودند. ● ردکردن ● از بین بردن،معدوم کردن،نابودکردن،نیست کردن Stalin eliminated his rivals one by one استالین رقیبان خود را یکی پس از دیگری نابود کرد. in order to eliminate the possibility of error برای از میان بردن امکان لغزش to eliminate distracting noise صدای مزاحم را از بین بردن ● (مسابقات قهرمانی و غیره) از دور خارج شدن،از مسابقه خارج شدن all our wrestlers were eliminated in the third round همه‌ی کشتی‌گیران ما در دور سوم (مسابقات) حذف شدند. ● (جبر و ریاضی) حذف کردن to eliminate indeterminacy رفع ابهام کردن ● (تنکرد شناسی - زیست شناسی - مواد زاید و فضولات و سموم و غیره را از بدن دفع کردن) برون ریختن،برون راندن the kidneys eliminate urea کلیه‌ها اوره دفع می کند. * elimination, n. 1- حذف،از قلم افتادگی 2- نابودی،معدوم سازی،نیست سازی iˈliməˌnāt] verb - eliminate زدودن: remove, eliminate, clear, wipe, sweep, obliterate حذف کردن: delete, eliminate, omit, elide, dele, expurgate برطرف کردن: dispel, remove, eliminate, rectify, surmount, acquit محو کردن: blur, wipe out, eliminate, deface, obliterate, blot out رفع کردن: detoxify, remove, resolve, obviate, eliminate, assoil بیرون کردن: drive out, evict, eliminate, cashier, dispossess, fire منتفی کردن: eliminate, liquidate خرد کردن: grind, squelch, minify, smash, chop, eliminate to eliminate prejudice Vorurteile ausräumen to eliminate poverty die Armut besiegen to eliminate sb from further participation jdn von der weiteren Teilnahme ausschließen

Answer 630

hysteria [hiˈstiəriə] ♦ noun 1 a severe nervous upset which causes eg uncontrolled laughing or crying, imaginary illnesses etc . تشنج 2 uncontrolled excitement, eg of a crowd of people: mass hysteria. دژ آشفتگی hyˈsterical [-ˈste-] ♦ adjective of or suffering from hysteria. هستریایی hyˈsterically [-ˈste-] ♦ adverb . بطور هيجانی hyˈsterics [-ˈste-] ♦ noun plural 1 a fit of hysteria. تشنج هستریایی 2 a fit of wild laughter. تشنج خنده های بسیار شدید go into hysterics to have a fit of hysteria. تشنج هستریایی داشتن mass hysteria برانگیختگی همگانی [-ˈsti(ə)rēə,hiˈsterēə] noun - hysteria هیستری: hysteria تشنج: convulsion, hysteria, tension, paroxysm, fit, spasm هیجان زیاد: hysteria حمله عصبی: hysteria, willies حمله: attack, assault, offensive, offense, onslaught, hysteria

Answer 631

allocation noun UK /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ C2 [ U ] the process of giving someone their part of a total amount of something to use in a particular way: the allocation of resources/funds/time Allocation of the grants was handled by a charity that provides support and advocacy for disabled children. C2 [ C ] the part of a total amount of something that someone is given to use in a particular way: The university is offering moving allocations to anyone who is being displaced from properties it acquires. Higher budgetary allocations for education mean more teachers can be hired and classes can be smaller. the act or process of giving out parts of a whole, or a part given out in this way: [ U ] The allocation of space in this office is unusual. the act of deciding officially which person, company, area of business, etc. something should be given to, or what share of a total amount of something such as money or time should be given to someone to use in a particular way: resource/time allocation The company is holding a review into the optimal allocation of a salesperson's time. allocation of capital/funds/resources The move will lead to more efficient pricing and allocation of capital. the allocation of money for building schools تخصیص پول برای ساختن مدرسه COMPUT allocation routine Zuteilungsroutine f allocation unit Zuordnungseinheit f allocation of profits FIN Gewinnverwendung f allocation of powers ADMIN Kompetenzverteilung f allocation of funds Mittelvergabe f allocation of resources WIRTSCH Einsatz m von Ressourcen allocation of equity FIN Eigenkapitalallokation f allocation of losses FIN Verlustzuweisung f allocation of capital FIN Kapitalbewilligung f allocation of quotas POL Quotenzuteilung f

Answer 632

ingredient [inˈgriːdiənt] ♦ noun one of the things that go into a mixture: Could you give me a list of the ingredients of the cake? جز ترکیبی؛ عنصر noun - ingredients عناصر: ingredients اجزاء: components, ingredients * I bought ingredients for curry on Sunday. من مواد اولیه برای کاری را روز یکشنبه خریدم. * Peas and carrots are common ingredients in soups. نخود و هویج از افزودنی‌های متداول سوپ هستند. principal ingredient Hauptbestandteil m a cheffy ingredient eine Zutat, die typischerweise ein professioneller Koch/eine professionelle Köchin benutzt key contribution/ingredient Hauptbeitrag m /-zutat f trust is an essential ingredient in a successful marriage Vertrauen ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Ehe ingredient noun [ C ] UK /ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənt/ US /ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənt/ B1 a food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish: The list of ingredients included 250 g of almonds. B2 one of the parts of something successful: Trust is a vital ingredient in a successful marriage.

Answer 633

dignity [ˈdignəti] ♦ noun 1 stateliness or seriousness of manner: Holding her head high, she retreated with dignity. وقار؛ متانت 2 importance or seriousness: the dignity of the occasion. اهمیت؛ شأن 3 a privilege etc indicating rank: He had risen to the dignity of an office of his own. مقام رفیع؛ شأن 4 one's personal pride: He had wounded her dignity. نیک نامی؛ شهرت /dig´nǝ tē/ n., pl. ● والایی،بزرگی،بزرگ‌منشی،جاهمندی،شایستگی،وقار،متانت،فرهمندی،اورنگ the dignity of his rank بلندی رتبه او all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights همه‌ی انسان‌ها آزاد و از نظر ارزش و حقوق مدنی برابر آفریده شده‌اند (اعلامیه‌ی حقوق بشر). ● احترام،شان،مقام رفیع،فرهت،فرهی finally, he rose to the dignity of a judgeship بالاخره به مقام رفیع قضاوت ارتقا یافت. ● نیک‌نامی،شهرت،خوش‌نامی his deeds lent dignity both to he himself and his family اعمال او خود و خانواده‌اش را نیک‌نام کرد. ● شکوهمندی،جلال،شکوه،هیمنه،جبروت،فر ● (قدیمی) رجوع شود به: dignitary [ˈdignitē] noun - dignity وقار: dignity, poise, solemnity, elegance, gravity, serenity شان: dignity, status, rank, grandeur, importance مقام: position, rank, station, status, office, dignity بزرگی: magnitude, enlargement, dignity, grandeur, amplitude, bigness جاه: dignity, eminence, pomp, eminency رتبه: rank, rating, grade, degree, dignity, step خطر: risk, danger, hazard, peril, jeopardy, dignity مرتبه: time, degree, position, dignity, stair سربزرگی: dignity, greatness برو: honor, dignity, honour human dignity Menschenwürde f a man of dignity ein Mann von würdevollem Auftreten to die with dignity mit Würde sterben to forget one's dignity seine Würde fallenlassen to possess dignity voller Würde sein to be beneath sb's dignity unter jds Würde sein to behave with great dignity mit großer Würde auftreten to stand on one's dignity usu abw auf seine Autorität pochen abw to lend dignity to sb jdm Würde verleihen to retain one's dignity/independence seine Würde/Unabhängigkeit wahren to maintain one's dignity/sanity seine Würde/geistige Gesundheit bewahren to stand on one's own dignity einfordern, dass andere einen gemäß seiner (höheren) Position (besser) behandeln to deprive sb of his/her dignity jdn seiner Würde berauben geh to bear oneself he bore himself with dignity er zeigte Würde she received the bad news with characteristic dignity sie nahm die schlechte Nachricht wie immer mit Würde auf their rejection was an affront to his dignity ihre Zurückweisung verletzte ihn in seiner Würde

Answer 634

foster [ˈfostə] ♦ verb 1 to look after for a period of time; to bring up a child that is not one's own: She fostered the children for several months. پرورش دادن 2 to encourage or give help to (ideas etc ): She fostered the child's talents. انگیزاندن ˈfoster-brother, *ˈfoster-sister ♦ nouns a child that has been fostered in another child's family. خواهر خوانده؛ برادر خوانده ˈfoster-child ♦ noun a child fostered by a family. بچه ای که به فرزند خواندگی پذیرفته شده ˈfoster-parent (ˈfoster-father, *ˈfoster-mother) ♦ noun a person who looks after a child not his or her own. والدینی که سرپرستی بچه ای را به عهده دارند foster [ˈfostə] ♦ verb 1 to look after for a period of time; to bring up a child that is not one's own: She fostered the children for several months. پرورش دادن 2 to encourage or give help to (ideas etc ): She fostered the child's talents. انگیزاندن ˈfoster-brother, *ˈfoster-sister ♦ nouns a child that has been fostered in another child's family. خواهر خوانده؛ برادر خوانده ˈfoster-child ♦ noun a child fostered by a family. بچه ای که به فرزند خواندگی پذیرفته شده ˈfoster-parent (ˈfoster-father, *ˈfoster-mother) ♦ noun a person who looks after a child not his or her own. والدینی که سرپرستی بچه ای را به عهده دارند ˈfäs-,ˈfôstər] verb - foster پرورش دادن: foster, develop, bring up, breed پروردن: nurture, foster, breed, bring up, cherish, encourage غذا دادن: feed, nourish, fodder, foster, meat, nutrify شیر دادن: foster, lactate /fôs´tǝr, fäs´-/ vt., adj. ● پرورش دادن،بار آوردن،پروراندن (به ویژه کودک سرراهی و غیره را) they fostered two orphan girls آنها دو دختر یتیم را بزرگ کردند. ● ترویج کردن،انگیزاندن،رواج دادن to foster discontent ناخشنودی را رواج دادن the government is trying to foster carpet weaving دولت می‌کوشد قالی‌بافی را رواج بدهد. ● در خیال پروردن،درسر داشتن to foster hope امیدوار بودن ● ـ خوانده،رضاعی a foster parent پدر (یا مادر) خوانده a foster brother برادر خوانده

Answer 635

bargain [ˈbaːgin] ♦ noun 1 something bought cheaply and giving good value for money: This carpet was a real bargain. با قیمت خوب؛ مورد مناسب 2 an agreement made between people: I'll make a bargain with you. معامله؛ قرارداد ♦ verb to argue about or discuss a price etc : I bargained with him and finally got the price down. چانه زدن bargain for to expect or take into consideration: I didn't bargain for everyone arriving at once. انتظار داشتن /bär´gǝn/ n., vi., vt. ● موافقت،قرارداد،معامله،دادوستد it was a bad bargain معامله‌ی بدی بود. you keep your part of the bargain and I'll keep mine تو سهم خودت را در معامله انجام بده و من سهم خودم را. ● با تخفیف،قیمت خوب،بز bargain prices قیمت‌های تخفیف یافته Naheed can't resist a bargain ناهید در مقابل اجناس ارزان شده (حراجی) مقاومت ندارد. ● چانه زدن،طی کردن (قیمت را) I think bargaining over price is a bad custom به نظر من چانه زدن سر قیمت رسم بدی است. ● مذاکره کردن،به توافق رسیدن،تهاتر کردن * bargain for 1- چانه زدن 2- انتظار داشتن،(روی چیزی) حساب کردن they had not bargained for such opposition حساب چنان مخالفتی را نکرده بودند. * bargain on رجوع شود به: bargain for * drive a hard bargain سخت معامله بودن،اهل چانه زنی و مقاومت بودن،به آسانی معامله نکردن * into (or in) the bargain به علاوه،اضافه بر قرارداد he went to find his dog and lost his bicycle in the bargain رفت سگ خود را پیدا کند دوچرخه خود را هم از دست داد. * strike (or make) a bargain with someone با کسی به توافق رسیدن،معامله کردن bargain counter Sonderangebotstisch m bargain buy Preisschlager m bargain table Tisch m mit Sonderangeboten bargain rate Sonderpreis m bargain offer Sonderangebot nt real bargain echt günstiges Angebot [o. ugs Schnäppchen] nt to make a bargain ein Schnäppchen machen an even bargain ein Schnäppchen into the bargain noch dazu what a bargain! das ist aber günstig! [o. ja geschenkt!] a real bargain ein echtes Schnäppchen ugs extortionate credit bargain Wucherkreditgeschäft nt bargain basement prices Dumpingpreise pl to drive a hard bargain hart verhandeln to strike [or make] a bargain (reach an agreement) eine Übereinkunft [o. Verabredung] treffen

Answer 636

inflate [inˈfleit] ♦ verb to blow up or expand (especially a balloon, tyre or lungs with air): He used a bicycle pump to inflate the ball. باد کردن inˈflatable ♦ adjective (of eg a cushion, ball etc ) that can be filled with air for use: an inflatable beach ball. باد کردنی inˈflation ♦ noun 1 the process of inflating or being inflated. باد کردن 2 a situation in country's economy where prices and wages keep forcing each other to increase. تورم inˈflationary ♦ adjective relating to economic inflation. تورمی [inˈflātid] adjective - inflated متورم: swollen, inflated, inflamed, turgid, gouty, tumid پر باد: blustery, windy, gusty, squally, inflated, blusterous -id/ adj. ● آماسیده،آماس کرده،پف کرده،باد شده (یا کرده)،آماهیده adequately-inflated tyres تایرهایی که به حد کافی باد شده‌اند ● (قیمت و پول و ارقام) دچار تورم،تورمی،بیشبودی،دچار بیشبود ● اغراق‌آمیز to inflate the economy die Wirtschaft aufblähen to inflate the currency die Währung inflationieren fachspr

Answer 637

encounter [inˈkauntə] ♦ verb 1 to meet especially unexpectedly: She encountered the manager in the hall. اتفاقاً برخوردن به 2 to meet with (difficulties etc ): I expect to encounter many difficulties in the course of this job. مواجه شدن؛ برخورد پیدا کردن ♦ noun 1 a meeting: I feel that I know him quite well, even after a brief encounter. برخورد؛ رودررویی 2 a fight: The encounter between the armies was fierce. نبرد؛ رزم [enˈkoun(t)ər] noun - encounter برخورد: collision, encounter, conflict, clash, incidence, meeting مواجهه: encounter, confrontation, meeting face to face رویارویی: encounter ملاقات: meeting, encounter, date تصادف: accident, chance, coincidence, hit, incident, encounter verb - encounter روبرو شدن: encounter, envisage, cross مواجه شدن با: face, meet, encounter رویاروی شدن: encounter, face ملاقات کردن: meet, visit, encounter, have an interview, see تصادف کردن: hurtle, encounter, jar مصادف شدن با: encounter, meet دست بگریبان شدن با: encounter /en koun´tǝr, in-/ vt., vi., n., adj. ● (اتفاقا) برخوردن به I encountered no difficulties به اشکالی برخورد نکردم. to encounter an old acqaintance on the street در خیابان به یک آشنای سابق برخوردن ● (در نبرد یا کشمش و غیره) برخورد پیدا کردن با،مصاف دادن،رودر رو شدن،جلو (کسی) ایستادن we encountered four enemy tanks and forced them to retreat ما با چهار تانک دشمن رو به رو شدیم و آنها را مجبور به عقب‌نشینی کردیم. ● نبرد،مصاف،رزم،مواجهه،رو در رویی،برخورد،درگیری I will never forget my encounter with my school principal هرگز درگیری خودم را با مدیر مدرسه فراموش نخواهم کرد. ● (روان شناسی) وابسته به گروه رویارویی encounter group گروه رویارویی encounter group therapy درمان با گروه رویارویی bruising encounter unerfreuliches Treffen chance encounter zufällige Begegnung verbal encounter Wortgefecht nt to encounter rampant prejudice sich Akk mit zahllosen [o. unzähligen] Vorurteilen konfrontiert sehen to encounter difficulties auf Schwierigkeiten stoßen to encounter danger in Gefahr geraten to encounter difficulties/resistance auf Probleme/Widerstand stoßen fleeting encounter/glance flüchtige Begegnung/flüchtiger Blick to experience [or suffer] [or receive] [or encounter] a setback einen Rückschlag erleiden to encounter sth with deep distrust etw Dat mit großem Misstrauen begegnen

Answer 638

fellow [ˈfeləu] ♦ noun 1 a man: He's quite a nice fellow but I don't like him. آدم 2 (often as part of a word ) a companion and equal: She is playing with her schoolfellows. ...همتا؛ هم 3 a member of certain academic societies; a member of the governing body or teaching staff of a college. عضو ♦ adjective belonging to the same group, country etc : a fellow student; a fellow music-lover. ...هم ˈfellowship ♦ noun 1 an association (of people with common interests): a youth fellowship (= a club for young people). گروه 2 friendliness. دوستی 3 a scholarship given to a graduate student for advanced studies or for research. بورس تحصیلی ˌfellow-ˈfeeling ♦ noun sympathy (especially for someone in a similar situation, of similar tastes etc ): I had a fellow-feeling for the other patient with the broken leg. همدردی [ˈfelō] noun - fellow شخص: person, one, dude, individual, man, fellow رفیق: comrade, friend, pal, fellow, buddy, man آدم: Adam, man, person, one, fellow, bloke مرد: man, guy, husband, fellow, chap, groom دوست: friend, boyfriend, fellow, ally, mate, bosom friend بچه: baby, kid, child, cub, infant, fellow یارو: guy, cove, bloke, fellow, varmint, sirrah یار: sweetheart, friend, partner, helper, alter ego, fellow /fel´ō, fel´ǝ/ n., adj. ● (در اصل) همکار،همدست،همیار،شریک،انباز (به ویژه اگر مرد باشد)،هم رتبه،هم شان،هم‌زینه،هم طبقه he treated him more like a fellow than a servant با او بیشتر مثل همقطار رفتار می‌کرد تا نوکر. one of his fellows in crime یکی از همدستان او در تبهکاری he did not like the company of his fellows and hoped by way of reading to become like ancient Romans او از مصاحبت همنوعان خود خوشش نمی‌آمد و می‌خواست از راه مطالعه همانند رومی‌های باستان بشود. ● (یکی از دو چیز مشابه) تا،همتا،نصف جفت،طاق،لنگه this vase is the exact fellow of the one on the shelf این گلدان جفت کامل آن گلدانی است که در تاقچه قرار دارد. here is one of my slippers, but where is its fellow? یکی از دمپایی‌های من اینجاست ولی آن دیگری کجاست‌؟ ● (عامیانه) مرد،پسر،(مذکر) آدم he's a nice fellow او آدم خوبی است. three strange fellows entered the room سه مرد غریبه وارد اتاق شدند. a fellow must eat آدم به خوراک نیاز دارد. ● (عامیانه) طفلک،حیوانی،حیونک،رفیق poor fellow! I feel sorry for him! بیچاره ـ دلم به حالش می‌سوزد! the poor little fellow fell off his tricycle! طفلک بیچاره از سه‌چرخه‌اش افتاد! how are you, old fellow? رفیق چطوری‌؟ ● (مهجور) مردی که از طبقات پایین‌تر باشد،دون،گدا مدا،فقیر بیچاره ● (مهجور) آدم خشن و بی‌ادب ● (عامیانه) خواستگار،خاطرخواه ● همانند،هم... a fellow creature همنوع a fellow member هم عضو،هموند a fellow prisoner هم زندان my fellow plumber همکار من که (او هم) لوله‌کش است. my fellow Iranians هم‌میهنان ایرانی من fellow feeling همدردی fellow workers همکاران ● (در مورد فرهنگستان و انجمن‌های دانشمندان) عضو،هموند a fellow of the American College of Surgeons عضو انجمن جراحان امریکا a fellow of the Royal Society هموند انجمن سلطنتی (بریتانیا) ● عضو هیئت مدیره‌ی دانشگاه ● بورسیه fellow countrywoman Landsmännin f fellow worker Arbeitskollege(-kollegin) m (f) fellow student Kommilitone(Kommilitonin) m (f) fellow sufferer Leidensgenosse(-genossin) m (f) fellow countryman Landsmann m research fellow Forschungsstipendiat(in) m (f) fellow countrymen Landsleute pl old fellow esp Brit dated alter Knabe ugs fellow fanatic Mitbegeisterte(r) f(m) stout fellow dated ugs tapfrer [o. veraltet braver] Kerl fellow being/citizen Mitmensch m /Mitbürger(in) m (f) a regular [sort of] fellow [or Am guy] ein umgänglicher Typ to be a happy-go-lucky fellow [or chap] ein Leichtfuß sein he's not the sort of fellow who makes friends easily er ist nicht der Typ, der sich leicht mit jdm anfreundet Arnold was very sociable in a hail-fellow-well-met sort of way Arnold war einer von diesen geselligen Typen, die sich gerne anbiedern Arnold was very sociable in a hail-fellow sort of way Arnold war einer von diesen geselligen Typen, die sich gerne anbiedern as far as Bob is concerned, he's one hell of a nice fellow Bob? der ist ein wirklich netter Kerl!

Answer 639

pervasive adjective formal UK /pəˈveɪ.sɪv/ US /pɚˈveɪ.sɪv/ present or noticeable in every part of a thing or place: The influence of Freud is pervasive in her books. a pervasive smell of diesel Reforms are being undermined by the all-pervasive corruption in the country. [pərˈvāsiv] adjective - pervasive فراگیر: pervasive, universal نافذ: penetrating, penetrative, incisive, pervasive, penetrant, dominant فرا گیرنده: acquisitive, comprehensive, pervasive /pǝr vā´siv/ adj. ● پخش شونده (در درون)،فراگیر،درون گستر،نافذ،فراگستر،گسترنده،مستولی شونده a pervasive odor that clings stubbornly to clothes بوی نافذی که مدتها در لباس می‌ماند a pervasive mood of pessimism حالت بدبینی همه جانبه pervasive smell durchdringender Geruch all-pervasive alles beherrschend the influence of Freud is pervasive in her work der Einfluss Freuds zieht sich durch ihr gesamtes Werk

Answer 640

bamboozle [bӕmˈbuːzl] ♦ verb to confuse completely: The motorist was completely bamboozled by the road-signs. گیج کردن [bamˈbo͞ozəl] noun - bamboozle فریب: deception, lure, deceit, fraud, delusion, bamboozle verb - bamboozle گول زدن: dodge, outwit, deceive, defraud, dupe, bamboozle ریشخند کردن: cajole, carny, lout, bamboozle, blandish, blarney /bam bōō´zǝl/ vt. ● کلاه برداری کردن،اغفال کردن،گول زدن their speeches were intended to bamboozle the workers into obedience منظور از نطق‌های آنها این بود که با فریب کارگران را وادار به اطاعت کنند. ● گیج کردن،سردرگم کردن to bamboozle sb jdn übers Ohr hauen ugs she was bamboozled into telling him her credit card number sie ließ sich von ihm ihre Kreditkartennummer abluchsen

Answer 641

envy [ˈenvi] ♦ noun a feeling of discontent at another's good fortune or success: She could not conceal her envy of me / at my success. حسادت ♦ verb 1 to feel envy towards (someone): He envied me; She envied him his money. حسادت کردن؛ غبطه خوردن 2 to feel envy because of: I've always envied that dress of yours. حسرت داشتن؛ حسادت کردن ˈenviable ♦ adjective (negative unenviable ) that is to be envied: She spoke in public with enviable ease. حسادت انگیز ˈenvious ♦ adjective feeling or showing envy: I'm envious of her talents. حسود the envy of something envied by: Her piano-playing was the envy of her sisters. مورد حسادت دیگران بودن؛ حسادت دیگران را برانگیختن [ˈenvē] noun - envy حسادت: jealousy, envy, heart-burning غبطه: envy, grudge رشک: envy, jealousy غیرت: honor, zeal, ardor, fervor, enthusiasm, envy غل: shackle, roll, envy, hate, hatred verb - envy غبطه خوردن: begrudge, envy حسد بردن به: envy /en´vē/ n., pl. ● رشک،حسادت،غبطه،پژهان her beauty aroused her sisters' envy زیبایی او رشک خواهرانش را برانگیخت. she did it out of envy از روی حسادت آن کار را کرد. he could not hide his envy of me او نمی‌توانست رشک خود را نسبت به من پنهان کند. ● بدخواهی،کینمندی،کین ● چشم طمع (به چیز یا مال دیگری) ● مورد رشک،(هر چیز حسادت انگیز) رشک انگیز،مایه‌ی حسرت her blue eyes were the envy of all the girls in the class چشمان آبی او حسادت همه‌ی دختران کلاس را برمی‌انگیخت. ● رشک بردن،حسد ورزیدن،حسادت کردن everyone envied Iraj همه به ایرج رشک می بردند. ● حسرت داشتن،غبطه خوردن،دریغیدن،پژهان بردن،دژمانیدن he has always envied others' good luck او همیشه به نیکبختی دیگران غبطه خورده است. penis envy Penisneid m stab of envy Anflug m von Neid green [with envy] grün [o. gelb] vor Neid to be green with envy grün [o. blass] vor Neid sein to feel envy towards sb auf jdn neidisch sein he felt something near envy er empfand so etwas wie Neid to be eaten up with envy vor Neid vergehen [o. ugs platzen] to envy sb sth [or sb for sth] jdn um etw Akk beneiden to feel a faint stirring of envy einen Anflug von Neid verspüren to be the victim of sb's envy unter jds Neid zu leiden haben to be consumed by envy/jealousy vor Neid/Eifersucht [fast] vergehen to be dominated by envy/greed von Neid/Gier erfüllt sein she felt a stab of envy when ... sie fühlte Neid in ihr aufkommen, als ... he's the envy of the school with his new car die ganze Schule beneidet ihn um sein neues Auto his scathing review was all too revealing of his own envy of the author's success seine beißende Kritik zeigt nur allzu deutlich, dass er auf den Erfolg des Autors einfach neidisch ist

Answer 642

statutory adjective UK /ˈstætʃ.ə.tər.i/ US /ˈstætʃ.ə.tɔːr.i/ decided or controlled by law: statutory obligations statutory adjective UK /ˈstætjətəri/ US LAW decided, controlled, or required by law: There is no escape from these charges since they are statutory. In France everybody is entitled to a statutory 25 days a year holiday. You have no statutory authority to order anybody to make a refund. statutory duty/obligations/responsibilities When managing agents are dealing with other people's money, it is vital that this is covered by statutory regulation. Unions want a statutory right to time off for training. The Board of Management will submit the annual statutory accounts. The government wants to increase the turnover threshold above which companies are required to have a statutory audit of their annual accounts. /stach´ōō tôr´ē/ adj. ● قانونی،نظامنامه‌ای،وابسته به قوانین مصوبه توسط مجلس statutory age limits محدودیت‌های سنی از نظر قانون ● کیفری،جزایی statutory laws قوانین کیفری [ˈstaCHəˌtôrē] adjective - statutory قانونی: legal, legitimate, lawful, statutory, forensic, valid طبق قانون: statutory طبق قانون موضوعه: statutory /stach´ōō tôr´ē/ adj. ● قانونی،نظامنامه‌ای،وابسته به قوانین مصوبه توسط مجلس statutory age limits محدودیت‌های سنی از نظر قانون ● کیفری،جزایی statutory laws قوانین کیفری statutory declaration JUR eidesstattliche Erklärung [o. Versicherung] statutory holiday gesetzlicher Feiertag statutory regulations gesetzliche Vorschriften statutory law kodifiziertes Recht statutory right positives Recht statutory reserve statutarische Rücklage statutory duty [or obligation] gesetzliche Verpflichtung statutory sick pay gesetzlich vorgeschriebenes Krankengeld this does not affect your statutory rights JUR gesetzliche Rechte (oder: Ihre gesetzlichen Rechte) bleiben hiervon unberührt.

Answer 643

AU occupy [ˈokjupai] ♦ verb 1 to be in or fill (time, space etc ): A table occupied the centre of the room. قرار داشتن؛ پر کردن 2 to live in: The family occupied a small flat. ساکن بودن 3 to capture: The soldiers occupied the town. اشغال کردن ˈoccupant ♦ noun a person who occupies (a house etc ), not necessarily the owner of the house. ساکن ˌoccuˈpation ♦ noun 1 a person's job or work. شغل 2 the act of occupying (a house, town etc ). سکونت 3 the period of time during which a town, house etc is occupied: During the occupation, there was a shortage of food. اشغال ˌoccuˈpational ♦ adjective of, or caused by, a person's job: an occupational disease. شغلی ˈoccupier ♦ noun an occupant. ساکن؛ اشغالگر adjective ['ɑkjəpaɪd /'ɒkjʊ-] conquered, seized; filled, taken up; in use (about a bathroom); inhabited, populated; absorbed, engrossed occupy verb [oc·cu·py || 'ɑkjəpaɪ /'ɒkjʊ-] inhabit, live in; fill, take up; engage, keep busy verb [oc·cu·py || 'ɑkjəpaɪ /'ɒkjʊ-] seize, conquer; hold, control occupy verb [oc·cu·py || 'ɑkjəpaɪ /'ɒkjʊ-] inhabit, live in; fill, take up; engage, keep busy verb [oc·cu·py || 'ɑkjəpaɪ /'ɒkjʊ-] seize, conquer; hold, control to occupy a room ein Zimmer belegen to occupy the throne den Thron innehaben to occupy a post einen Posten haben to occupy one's mind sich Akk geistig beschäftigen to occupy sb's time jds Zeit in Anspruch nehmen to occupy a position eine Stellung bekleiden to occupy time Zeit ausfüllen to occupy a small space form wenig Platz einnehmen to occupy a niche in the market eine Marktlücke füllen to occupy one's time in [or with] doing sth die Zeit damit verbringen, etw zu tun

Answer 644

delinquency noun UK /dɪˈlɪŋ.kwən.si/ US /dɪˈlɪŋ.kwən.si/ delinquency noun (BAD BEHAVIOUR) [ U ] behaviour, especially of a young person, that is illegal or not acceptable to most people: There is a high rate of juvenile delinquency in this area. [ C ] formal an action that is illegal or not acceptable: His past delinquencies have made it hard for him to get a job. /di liŋ´kwǝn sē/ n., pl. ● قصور (در انجام وظیفه یا اطاعت از قانون)،کوتاهی،وظیفه‌نشناسی،سهل‌انگاری the captain's delinquency led to the sinking of the ship سهل‌انگاری ناخدا منجر به غرق کشتی شد. ● بزهکاری،خلافکاری his delinquencies landed him in jail بزهکاری‌هایش کار او را به زندان کشاند. ● تاخیر در پرداخت،پس‌افت،کژحسابی there will be a fine for any delinquency in payment هرگونه تاخیر در پرداخت موجب جریمه خواهد شد. ● (نوجوانان) شیطنت،تخسی،مردم‌آزاری،قانون شکنی،جرم،شرارت juveniles delinquency بزهکاری نوجوانان diˈliNGkwənsē] noun - delinquency تخلف: violation, infringement, infraction, delinquency, transgression, contravention کوتاهی: failure, default, brevity, delinquency, transience, abridgment قصور: failure, negligence, default, shortcoming, laches, delinquency تقصیر: fault, guilt, offense, crime, error, delinquency

Answer 645

incident [ˈinsidənt] ♦ noun an event or happening: There was a strange incident in the supermarket today. اتفاق ˌinciˈdental [-ˈden-] ♦ adjective 1 occurring etc by chance in connection with something else: an incidental remark. اتفاقی 2 accompanying (something) but not forming part of it: He wrote the incidental music for the play. ضمیمه؛ همراه ˌinciˈdentally [-ˈden-] ♦ adverb by the way: Incidentally, where were you last night? راستی noun - incident حادثه: incident, event, accident, adventure, case, phenomenon واقعه: event, incident, occurrence, rede تصادف: accident, chance, coincidence, hit, incident, occasion تلافی: retaliation, revenge, reprisal, retort, retribution, compensation مصیبت ناگهانی: accident, incident تصادف اتومبیل: accident, incident روی داد: happening, event, circumstance, incident, occasion, occurrence حتمی وابسته: incident unpleasant incident unliebsamer Vorfall geh invidious incident unangenehmer [o. unerfreulicher] Vorfall irksome incident ärgerlicher Vorfall violent incident Fall m von Gewalt[anwendung] to log an incident ein Ereignis protokollieren [o. festhalten] an isolated incident ein Einzelfall m a shooting incident eine Schießerei a minor incident eine Bagatelle incident to sth mit etw Dat verbunden irritating affair/incident ärgerliche Sache/ärgerlicher Vorfall the evening passed without incident der Abend verlief ohne Zwischenfälle this incident involves us all dieser Zwischenfall geht uns alle an [o. betrifft uns alle] the incident might prelude more violence der Vorfall könnte vielleicht noch mehr Gewalt provozieren the incident left a feeling of resentment der Vorfall hinterließ einen unangenehmen Nachgeschmack he scrupulously avoided any reference to the incident er war sehr darauf bedacht, dass der Vorfall unerwähnt blieb his conscience stung him for weeks after the incident übtr sein Gewissen plagte ihn nach dem Unfall noch wochenlang

Answer 646

spill verb [ I or T, usually + adv/prep ] UK /spɪl/ US /spɪl/ spilled or UK also spilt | spilled or UK also spilt B1 to (cause to) flow, move, fall, or spread over the edge or outside the limits of something: I spilled coffee on my silk shirt. You've spilled something down your tie. Let's see if I can pour the juice into the glass without spilling it. He dropped a bag of sugar and it spilled all over the floor. Crowds of fans spilled onto the field at the end of the game. spill [spil] ♦ verb– past tense, past participle spilt [-t], spilled – to (cause something to) fall or run out (usually accidentally): He spilt milk on the floor; Vegetables spilled out of the burst bag. سرازير شدن؛ ريختن spill the beans to give away a secret: By Monday it was evident that someone had spilled the beans to the newspapers. فاش كردن اسرار spill noun [ C ] UK /spɪl/ US /spɪl/ spill noun [C] (LIQUID) an amount of something that has come out of a container: a fuel spill on the road Could you wipe up that spill, please? In 1989, there was a massive oil spill in Alaska. oil spill Ölteppich m to spill a secret ein Geheimnis ausplaudern to spill the sails die Segel killen lassen to spill the beans esp scherzh ugs auspacken ugs to spill one's guts ugs seine Geheimnisse preisgeben to spill blood esp liter Blut vergießen accidental oil spill Tankerunfall m no-spill lid Spritzschutzdeckel m to spill [or shed] blood Blut vergießen to wipe up the spill das Verschüttete aufwischen to have [or take] a spill stürzen to spill out a secret ein Geheimnis ausplaudern to spill out onto large areas (river, floods) ein großes Gebiet überspülen to spill out ⇆ one's anger/despair/worries seinem Ärger/seiner Verzweiflung/seinen Sorgen Luft machen take care not to spill your coffee pass auf, dass du den Kaffee nicht verschüttest to spill sth all over the place/floor etw überall/über den gesamten Boden verschütten the fighting threatens to spill into neighbouring regions die Kämpfe drohen auf die Nachbarregionen überzugreifen to spill the beans to sb about sth jdm etw verraten

Answer 647

promenade [proməˈnaːd, (American) -ˈneid] ♦ noun (abbreviation prom [prom]) a level road for the public to walk along, usually beside the sea: They went for a walk along the promenade. پیاده روی تفریحی [-ˈnäd,ˌpräməˈnād] noun - promenade تفرجگاه: promenade, mall, boulevard گردشگاه: walkway, promenade, esplanade, park, purlieu, walk گردش: circulation, flow, turn, excursion, twirl, promenade تفرج: outing, promenade, paseo تفریح: recreation, amusement, play, break, promenade, pastime سیر: garlic, garlic, process, travel, development, promenade verb - promenade گردش رفتن: promenade تفرج کردن: promenade, walk گردش کردن: gander, walk, circulate, itinerate, promenade, revolve

Answer 648

confiscate verb [ T ] UK /ˈkɒn.fɪ.skeɪt/ US /ˈkɑːn.fə.skeɪt/ to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner: Miss Edwards confiscated my phone! His passport was confiscated by the police to prevent him from leaving the country. confiscate [ˈkonfiskeit] ♦ verb to seize or take (something) away, usually as a penalty: The teacher confiscated the boy's comic which he was reading in class. توقیف کردن؛ ضبط کردن ˌconfiˈscation ♦ noun . مصادره؛ ضبط [ˈkänfəˌskāt] verb - confiscate غصب کردن: arrogate, confiscate, usurp, deforce, seize ضبط کردن: record, seize, file, confiscate, place on file, tape توقیف کردن: arrest, apprehend, book, confiscate, detain, distrain مصادره کردن: escheat, requisition, sequester, confiscate, expropriate, seize adjective - confiscate قابل توقیف: confiscate

Answer 649

impoverish verb [ T ] formal UK /ɪmˈpɒv.ər.ɪʃ/ US /ɪmˈpɑː.vɚ.ɪʃ/ to make someone very poor: The new law is likely to further impoverish single parents. He was made to pay a ruinous fine that impoverished his family. to make something weaker or worse in quality: Excessive farming had impoverished the soil. Our cultural heritage would be impoverished by the absence of Mozart. See impoverish [imˈpovəriʃ] ♦ verb to make poor. فقیر کردن imˈpoverishment ♦ noun . فقر؛ ضعف [imˈpäv(ə)riSH] verb - impoverish فقیر کردن: impoverish, pauperize بی نیرو کردن: impoverish بی قوت کردن: emaciate, impoverish بی خاصیت کردن: deactivate, impoverish فرسوده کردن زمین: impoverish

Answer 650

splice verb [ T ] UK /splaɪs/ US /splaɪs/ to join two pieces of rope, film, etc. together at their ends in order to form one long piece: Scientists have discovered how to splice pieces of DNA. [splīs] verb - splice باهم متصل کردن: splice, connect پیوند کردن: splice بهم تابیدن: intertwine, splice to splice a film einen Film kleben to splice a rope ein Seil spleißen to splice sth spleißen to splice DNA/wires die DNA/Drähte verbinden to splice pieces of wood Holzstücke verfugen to join sth with a splice etw kleben

Answer 651

exaggerate verb [ I/T ] US /ɪɡˈzædʒ·əˌreɪt/ to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is: [ T ] The media exaggerate the risks and benefits of research findings. [ I ] I don’t want to exaggerate, but it was a dangerous situation. exaggeration noun [ C/U ] US /ɪɡˌzædʒ·əˈreɪ·ʃən/ [ U ] It is no exaggeration to say that she saved my life. exaggerate [igˈzӕdʒəreit] ♦ verb 1 to make (something) appear to be, or describe it as, greater etc than it really is: You seem to be exaggerating his faults; That dress exaggerates her thinness. مبالغه کردن؛ اغراق کردن 2 to go beyond the truth in describing something etc : You can't trust her. She always exaggerates. غلو کردن exˌaggeˈration ♦ noun 1 the act of exaggerating. اغراق؛ مبالغه 2 an exaggerated description, term etc : To say she is beautiful is an exaggeration, but she does have nice eyes. اغراق گویی؛ بزرگ نمایی [igˈzajəˌrāt] verb - exaggerate مبالغه کردن در: exaggerate گزافه گویی کردن: overstate, exaggerate, hyperbolize, rodomontade اغراق امیز کردن: overstate, exaggerate بیش از حد واقع شرح دادن: exaggerate to exaggerate a situation eine Situation übertrieben darstellen to exaggerate outrageously maßlos übertreiben let's not exaggerate! bloß nicht übertreiben! to exaggerate sth grossly [or wildly] etw stark übertreiben to exaggerate the effect of sth die Wirkung von etw Dat verstärken he has a slight tendency to exaggerate er neigt zu Übertreibungen

Answer 652

arrange verb US /əˈreɪndʒ/ arrange verb (PLAN) [ I/T ] to plan or make preparations for something or for something to happen: [ T ] He arranged a meeting between the two leaders. [ + to infinitive ] My friends arranged to eat with me. [ I ] Shelly arranged for the publication of her thesis. arrange verb (PUT IN POSITION) [ T ] to put something in a particular order: We arranged the chairs in a circle. Books should be arranged alphabetically by author. arrange verb (WRITE MUSIC) [ T ] to write the parts of a piece of music so that it can be played by a particular instrument or instruments arranger noun [ C ] US /əˈreɪn·dʒər/ Ellington was a composer, arranger, and pianist. arrange [əˈreindʒ] ♦ verb 1 to put in some sort of order: Arrange these books in alphabetical order; She arranged the flowers in a vase. مرتب کردن 2 to plan or make decisions (about future events): We have arranged a meeting for next week; I have arranged to meet him tomorrow. ترتیب دادن؛ مقرر داشتن 3 to make (a piece of music) suitable for particular voices or instruments: music arranged for choir and orchestra. تنظیم کردن arˈrangement ♦ noun I like the arrangement of the furniture; flower-arrangements; They've finally come to some sort of arrangement about sharing expenses; a new arrangement for guitar and orchestra. آرایش؛ ترتیب arˈrangements ♦ noun plural plans; preparations: Have you made any arrangments for a meeting with him?; funeral arrangements. ترتیب؛ قرار əˈrānj] verb - arrange مرتب کردن: arrange, order, serialize, dispose, marshal, collocate ترتیب دادن: arrange, sequence, agree, ordain چیدن: arrange, pick, mow, pluck, set, cut منظم کردن: regulate, arrange, order, put in order, make regular, regularize سازمند کردن: arrange, organize اراستن: decorate, adorn, primp, blazon, illustrate, arrange قرار گذاشتن: stipulate, arrange طبقه بندی کردن: classify, categorize, sort, assort, relegate, arrange طبقهبندییا جور کردن: arrange to arrange words alphabetically Wörter alphabetisch ordnen to arrange sth geometrically etw regelmäßig anordnen to arrange a date einen Termin vereinbaren to arrange a meeting ein Treffen in die Wege leiten to arrange a marriage eine Heirat zuwege bringen to arrange matters die Angelegenheit regeln to arrange flowers Blumen arrangieren to arrange a piece for an instrument ein Stück für ein Instrument einrichten to arrange [with sb] to do sth etw [mit jdm] vereinbaren to arrange for sb to do/have sth etw für jdn organisieren can we arrange a meeting for the week after next? können wir uns übernächste Woche treffen? the vicar tried to arrange a parley between two neighbours der Pfarrer versuchte zwischen zwei Nachbarn zu vermitteln

Answer 653

consolidate verb UK /kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/ US [ I or T ] to become or make something stronger or more successful: Net assets rose to £758 million, consolidating the company's position as a member of the FTSE 250 index. The company has been growing too rapidly and it is now time to stop the expansion and consolidate. [ I or T ] to join the different parts of something together, or to be joined: The business plan is based on consolidating a fragmented but growing market. There is still scope for European industries to consolidate. consolidate sth into/with sth Manufacturing has been consolidated into fewer plants worldwide. They considered consolidating all their small debts and taking out a new loan to cover them. consolidate verb UK /kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/ US /kənˈsɑː.lə.deɪt/ [ I or T ] to become, or cause something to become, stronger, and more certain: The success of their major product consolidated the firm's position in the market. She hoped that marriage would consolidate their relationship. The party consolidated its hold on power during its term of office. The company has been expanding rapidly, and I feel it's now time to consolidate (= stop growing and make our present position stronger to combine several things, especially businesses, so that they become more effective, or to be combined in this way: The two firms consolidated to form a single company. to add amounts or sets of numbers together to form a single amount, statement, etc.: The companies help people who may need cash to consolidate debt, buy a home, or set up a new business. Online brokers let you consolidate your holdings with one firm. consolidate [kənˈsolideit] ♦ verb to make or become solid; to strengthen. مستحکم کردن؛ جامد کردن conˌsoliˈdation ♦ noun . استحکام؛ تقویت

Answer 654

AU plenty [ˈplenti] ♦ pronoun 1 a sufficient amount; enough: I don't need any more books – I've got plenty; We've got plenty of time to get there. مقدار کافی 2 a large amount: He's got plenty of money. بسیار ♦ adjective That's plenty, thank you! زیاد ˈplenteous [-tiəs] ♦ adjective plentiful. فراوان ˈplentiful ♦ adjective existing in large amounts: a plentiful supply. فراوان * There's no need to hurry. We have plenty of time. نیازی به عجله نیست. ما زمان زیادی داریم. * You had plenty of time. تو وقت زیادی داشتی. [ˈplentē] noun - plenty بسیاری: many, multitude, plenty, exuberance فراوانی: abundance, plenty, affluence, redundancy, profusion, amplitude کفایت: adequacy, sufficiency, competence, efficiency, plenty, autarchy adjective - plenty فراوان: abundant, many, great, plenty, plentiful, numerous متعدد: multiple, many, numerous, multiplex, manifold, plenty adverb - plenty بسیار: many, very, much, lot, far, plenty خیلی زیاد: very much, a lot, lots, lots, very many, plenty بمقدار فراوان: plenty plenty more noch viel mehr seven years of plenty REL sieben fette Jahre a land of plenty ein Land nt , wo Milch und Honig fließen Sprichw the land of plenty das Land der unbegrenzten Möglichkeiten to live in plenty im Überfluss leben there was plenty room es gab genug Platz a time of plenty üppige Jahre plenty of things vieles plenty of room viel Platz plenty of money/time viel Geld/Zeit food in plenty Nahrung in Hülle und Fülle plenty good/bad Am sehr gut/schlecht liquids drink plenty of liquids du musst viel Flüssigkeit zu dir nehmen to need plenty of cuddles sehr viel Zärtlichkeit brauchen she has plenty more ideas sie hat noch viele Ideen this car cost me plenty Am ugs dieses Auto hat mich eine Stange Geld gekostet ugs the house is plenty big enough das Hause ist mehr als groß genug I'm plenty warm enough, thank you mir ist warm genug, fast schon zu warm, danke

Answer 655

sore adjective UK /sɔːr/ US /sɔːr/ sore adjective (PAINFUL) B1 painful and uncomfortable because of injury, infection, or too much use: All the dust has made my eyes sore. I've got a sore back. My feet were sore with all the walking. sore adjective (ANGRY) US informal angry because you feel you have been unfairly treated: He accused me of being a sore loser (= someone who does not accept defeat well). sore [soː] ♦ adjective 1 painful: My leg is very sore; I have a sore leg. دردناك 2 suffering pain: I am still a bit sore after my operation. درد رنج آور 3 (American ) irritated, annoyed or offended: He is still sore about what happened. رنجيده ♦ noun a painful, injured or diseased spot on the skin: His hands were covered with horrible sores. زخم؛ جراحت ˈsorely ♦ adverb badly; acutely. ˈsoreness ♦ noun . [sôr] noun - sore زخم: wound, ulcer, sore, lesion, trauma, gash جراحت: wound, sore, lesion, suppuration, stricture, lymph جای زخم: sore, cicatrix ریش: beard, whisker, ulcer, barb, sore دلریش کننده: sore adjective - sore دردناک: painful, grievous, sore, agonizing, angry, dolorous مجروح: wounded, sore, lacerated دشوار: difficult, hard, tough, arduous, formidable, sore مبرم: urgent, pressing, emergent, exacting, demanding, sore خشن: rough, harsh, bearish, tough, coarse, sore verb - sore مجروح کردن: wound, lacerate, sore running sore übtr offener Skandal sore muscles Muskelkater m sore loser schlechter Verlierer/schlechte Verliererin sore nipples wunde Brustwarzen sore point übtr wunder Punkt festering sore eitrige Wunde don't pick your sore! lass deine Wunde in Ruhe! to get sore with sb sich Akk über jdn ärgern to have a sore throat Halsschmerzen haben to open [or reopen] an old sore übtr alte Wunden aufreißen to be in sore need of sth einer S. Gen dringend bedürfen to be a sore point with sb jds wunder Punkt sein to be a sight for sore eyes ein erfreulicher [o. wohltuender] Anblick sein my eyes feel sore from the smoke meine Augen brennen von dem Rauch

Answer 656

throat [θrəut] ♦ noun 1 the back part of the mouth connecting the openings of the stomach, lungs and nose: She has a sore throat. گلو 2 the front part of the neck: She wore a silver brooch at her throat. جلو گردن -throated having a (certain type of) throat: a red-throated bird. دارای نوع بخصوص گلو یا گردن ˈthroaty ♦ adjective (of a voice) coming from far back in the throat; deep and hoarse. حلقی ˈthroatily ♦ adverb . بطور حلقی ˈthroatiness ♦ noun . حلقی بودن * My throat feels dry. گلویم خشک شده است. * The drama brought a lump to my throat. نمایش درام بغض بر گلویم آورد. [THrōt] noun - throat گلو: throat, pharynx, throttle, gullet, fauces, gorge حلق: throat, pharynx, windpipe, gorge, fauces دهانه: mouth, opening, aperture, spout, mouthpiece, throat دهان: mouth, throat, jib, neb, os, snout نای: trachea, windpipe, throat, pipe, fistula, gullet صدا: sound, voice, noise, call, calling, throat خرخره: larynx, gob, fauces, throat, throttle, windpipe verb - throat از گلو ادا کردن: throat

Answer 657

fancy [ˈfӕnsi]– plural ˈfancies – ♦ noun 1 a sudden (often unexpected) liking or desire: The child had many peculiar fancies. میل؛ هوس 2 the power of the mind to imagine things: She had a tendency to indulge in flights of fancy. تخیل 3 something imagined: He had a sudden fancy that he could see Spring approaching. تصور ♦ adjective decorated; not plain: fancy cakes. تزئین شده؛ پر نقش و نگار ♦ verb 1 to like the idea of having or doing something: I fancy a cup of tea. میل داشتن 2 to think or have a certain feeling or impression (that): I fancied (that) you were angry. گمان کردن 3 to have strong sexual interest in (a person): He fancies her a lot. تمایل جنسی داشتن ˈfanciful ♦ adjective 1 inclined to have fancies, especially strange, unreal ideas: She's a very fanciful girl. خیالباف 2 imaginary or unreal: That idea is rather fanciful. تخیلی ˈfancifully ♦ adverb . با خیال پردازی fancy dressclothes representing a particular character, nationality, historical period etc : He went to the party in fancy dress ; (also adjective) a fancy-dress party . لباس بالماسکه take a fancy to to become fond of, often suddenly or unexpectedly: They bought that house because they took a fancy to it. دوست داشتن take one's fancy to be liked or wanted by (someone): When I go shopping I just buy anything that takes my fancy. علاقمند کردن fancy [that]! stell dir das [mal] vor! fancy footwork FBALL gute Beinarbeit fancy ideas Fantastereien pl abw fancy car Luxusschlitten m ugs fancy foods Delikatessen pl fancy article Modeartikel m fancy prices astronomische Preise to catch sb's fancy jdm gefallen fancy seeing you here! das ist aber eine Überraschung, dich hier zu sehen! to wear fancy dress sich Akk verkleiden fancy seeing you again! schön dich wiederzusehen! to tickle sb's fancy jdn reizen a flight of fancy ein geistiger Höhenflug to strike sb's fancy jds Interesse erregen he affects fancy outfits er trägt gern ausgefallene Klamotten

Answer 658

invoke verb [ T ] formal UK /ɪnˈvəʊk/ US /ɪnˈvoʊk/ to use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action: Police can invoke the law to regulate access to these places. to request help from someone, especially a god, when you want to improve a situation: Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods. to make someone have a particular feeling or remember something invoke [inˈvəuk] ♦ verb to appeal to (some power, eg God, the law etc ) for help etc . متوسل شدن به invocation [invəˈkeiʃən] ♦ noun . توسل inˈvōk] verb - invoke دعا کردن به: invocate, invoke بالتماس خواستن: invoke استدعاء کردن: beg, beseech, entreat, invocate, invoke, supplicate to invoke God's blessing Gottes Segen erflehen to invoke God's name Gottes Namen anrufen to invoke allegiance/morality an die Treuepflicht/Moral appellieren to invoke memories Erinnerungen [herauf]beschwören

Answer 659

culminate verb UK /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/ US /ˈkʌl.mə.neɪt/ culminate in/with something If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point: My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and finally culminated in my resignation. Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease. culminate verb [ I/T ] US /ˈkʌl·məˌneɪt/ to have as a result or be the final result of a process: [ I ] Secret negotiations culminated in the historic peace accord. [ T ] The discovery culminated many years of research. culminate [ˈkalmineit] ♦ verb (with in ) to reach the highest or most important point: The celebrations culminated in a firework display in the local park. به بالاترین حد خود رسیدن؛ به اوج رسیدن ˌculmiˈnation ♦ noun . اوج v to culminate in sth in etw Dat gipfeln their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease ihre jahrelangen Forschungen haben mit der Entdeckung eines Heilmittels für die Krankheit ihren Höhepunkt erreicht

Answer 660

persuasive adjective UK /pəˈsweɪ.sɪv/ US /pɚˈsweɪ.sɪv/ C1 making you want to do or believe a particular thing: a persuasive speaker/speech Your arguments are very persuasive. He can be very persuasive. persuasive powers (of convincing) Überzeugungskraft f persuade [pəˈsweid] ♦ verb 1 to make (someone) (not) do something, by arguing with him or advising him: We persuaded him (not) to go. ترغیب کردن 2 to make (someone) certain (that something is the case); to convince: We eventually persuaded him that we were serious. متقاعد کردن perˈsuasion [-ʒən] ♦ noun the act of persuading: He gave in to our persuasion and did what we wanted him to do. متقاعد سازی perˈsuasive [-siv] ♦ adjective able to persuade: He is a persuasive speaker; His arguments are persuasive. متقاعد کننده perˈsuasively ♦ adverb . بطور مجاب کننده perˈsuasiveness ♦ noun . مستدل بودن * No words availed to persuade him. هیچ حرفی نتواتست او را متقاعد کند. هیچ حرفی نتوانست او را برانگیزد. * Tom is the only person that has any chance to persuade Mary. تام تنها کسی است که احتمال دارد ماری را مجاب کند. [pərˈswād] verb - persuade وادار کردن: induce, persuade, compel, impel, enforce, oblige ترغیب کردن: persuade, encourage, cheer, harp, influence, put بران داشتن: lead, persuade to persuade sb out of sth jdm etw ausreden to persuade sb to do sth jdn dazu bringen, etw zu tun I tried to persuade him to come, but I failed ich habe versucht, ihn zum Kommen zu überreden, aber ich habe es nicht geschafft I'm trying to persuade her to come but I'm getting nowhere ich versuche ja, sie zum Mitkommen zu überreden, aber ich stoße nur auf Granit they tried to persuade him, but he wouldn't listen to reason sie versuchten, ihn zu überreden, aber er ließ sich einfach nichts sagen can you persuade him to fork out the money for my trip to Alaska? kannst du ihn überreden, das Geld für meinen Alaska-Urlaub herauszurücken? ugs she tried to persuade him to retire, but he would have none of it form sie versuchte ihn zu überreden, sich pensionieren zu lassen, aber er wollte nichts davon hören

Answer 661

obsess verb [ I or T ] UK /əbˈses/ US /əbˈses/ If something or someone obsesses you, or if you obsess about something or someone, you think about it, him, or her all the time: The whole relationship obsessed me for years. She used to obsess about her weight. obsess [əbˈses] ♦ verb to occupy (someone's mind) too much: He is obsessed by the fear of death. ذهن کسی را مشغول کردن obˈsession [-ʃən] ♦ noun an obsession about motorbikes. دل مشغولی obˈsessional [-ʃə-] ♦ adjective obsessional behaviour. وسواس گونه obˈsessive [-siv] ♦ adjective obsessive about cleanliness. وسواسی obˈsessively ♦ adverb . با وسواس obˈsessiveness ♦ noun . وسواس /ǝb ses´/ vt. ● وسوسه‌مند کردن،وسواسی کردن،ذهن کسی را مشغول داشتن،هسبند کردن،وسواس‌مند کردن he is obsessed with money فکر و ذکرش پول است. fear of death had obsessed her ترس از مرگ فکر او را مشغول کرده بود. ● نگران کردن the idea of finding her real mother seemed to obsess her sie schien von der Vorstellung besessen, ihre richtige Mutter zu finden to obsess about sth/sb sich Akk ständig mit etw/jdm befassen to obsess sb jdn verfolgen the idea of finding her real mother seemed to obsess her sie schien von der Vorstellung besessen, ihre richtige Mutter zu finden

Answer 662

premature adjective UK /ˈprem.ə.tʃər/ /prem.əˈtʃʊər/ US /ˌpriː.məˈtʊr/ happening or done too soon, especially before the natural or suitable time: premature birth/death a premature baby Their criticisms seem premature considering that the results aren't yet known. premature [preməˈtʃuə, (American) pri:-] ♦ adjective happening etc before the right or expected time: a premature birth; The baby was three weeks premature. زودرس ˌpremaˈturely ♦ adverb . قبل از موقع [-ˈt(y)o͝or,ˌprēməˈCHo͝or] adjective - premature نارس: premature, immature, unripe, green, raw, embryonic پیش رس: premature, precocious, rathe, rathe-ripe قبل از موقع: premature نا بهنگام: untimely, premature, anachronistic, anachronous, immature, inopportune premature baby Frühgeburt f premature twins zu früh geborene Zwillinge to be premature eine Frühgeburt sein premature aging/death vorzeitiges Altern/vorzeitiger Tod premature announcement/criticism/decision voreilige Ankündigung/Kritik/Entscheidung premature departure/resignation vorzeitige Abreise/Kündigung he was born six weeks premature er kam sechs Wochen zu früh

Answer 663

1. something that makes it difficult for you to do something: I found that not having a car was quite a handicap while on holiday. 2. a disadvantage given to a person taking part in a game or competition in order to reduce their chances of winning, or a sports event in which such disadvantages are given: Handicaps give people with different abilities an equal chance of winning. My current golf handicap is nine. 3. to make something more difficult to do: Rescue efforts have been handicapped by rough seas and hurricane-force winds. handicap [ˈhӕndikӕp] ♦ noun 1 something that makes doing something more difficult: The loss of a finger would be a handicap for a pianist. مانع 2 (in a race, competition etc ) a disadvantage of some sort (eg having to run a greater distance in a race) given to the best competitors so that others have a better chance of winning. آوانس 3 a race, competition etc in which this happens. مسابقۀ با ارفاق 4 (a form of) physical or mental disability: children with physical handicaps. معلولیت ♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈhandicapped – to make something (more) difficult for: He wanted to be a pianist, but was handicapped by his deafness. مانع شدن ˈhandicapped ♦ adjective He is physically handicapped and cannot walk; a handicapped child. معلول [ˈhandēˌkap] noun - handicap نقص: defect, deficiency, handicap, fault, imperfection, weakness مانع: obstacle, barrier, hindrance, impediment, hurdle, handicap اوانس: handicap اشکال: bug, difficulty, drawback, disadvantage, impediment, handicap امتیاز به طرف ضعیف در بازی: handicap verb - handicap امتیاز دادن: handicap

Answer 664

scramble [ˈskrӕmbl] ♦ verb 1 to crawl or climb quickly, using arms and legs: They scrambled up the slope; He scrambled over the rocks. با چهار دست و پا خود را بالا كشيدن از 2 to move hastily: He scrambled to his feet. با عجله حركت كردن 3 (with for ) to rush, or struggle with others, to get: The boys scrambled for the ball. دست و پنجه نرم كردن 4 to distort (a telephone message etc ) so that it can only be received and understood with a special receiver. رمزي كردن ♦ noun (sometimes with for ) an act of scrambling; a rush or struggle: There was a scramble for the best bargains. تقلا ˈscrambler ♦ noun a device for scrambling telephone messages. اسكرامبلر؛وسيله تبديل scrambled egg(s) beaten eggs cooked with milk and butter until thick. نوعي غذا [ˈskrambəl] noun - scramble تقلا: scramble, bout, tug, effort, exertion, strain تلاش: effort, endeavor, scramble, bustle, fuss, muss کوشش: attempt, effort, try, endeavor, trial, scramble verb - scramble املت درست کردن: scramble تقلا کردن: heave, slog, tussle, scramble, struggle, agonize بزحمت جلو رفتن: scramble با دست و پا بالا رفتن: clamber, scramble to scramble sb's brains jdn durcheinanderbringen [o. ugs meschugge machen] the Scramble for Africa HIST der Kampf um Afrika to scramble eggs Rühreier [o. A Eierspeis] machen to scramble together [or up] ⇆ sth etw zusammenraffen to scramble to one's feet sich Akk hochrappeln [o. CH aufrappeln] ugs to scramble into one's clothes in seine Kleider steigen ugs to scramble through a hedge (push oneself through) sich Akk durch eine Hecke zwängen to scramble up the hillside den Hang hinaufklettern [o. ugs hinaufkraxeln] to scramble for the exit zum Ausgang stürzen to scramble down the hillside den Hang hinunterklettern [o. ugs hinunterkraxeln] to scramble out of sb's way jdm hastig freie Bahn machen ugs to scramble for the best seats sich Akk um die besten Plätze rangeln

Answer 665

emanate verb [ T ] formal UK /ˈem.ə.neɪt/ US /ˈem.ə.neɪt/ to express a quality or feeling through the way that you look and behave: Her face emanated sadness. emanate [ˈeməneit] ♦ verb to flow out; to come out (from some source). سرچشمه گرفتن از؛ ساطع شدن از ˌemaˈnation ♦ noun . نشئت؛ برون تابی [ˈeməˌnāt] verb - emanate بیرون آمدن: emerge, exude, pull out, emanate, extrude, issue جاری شدن: gush, trill, pour, rill, stream, emanate سرچشمه گرفتن: originate, emanate تجلی کردن: emanate, reincarnate, transfigure to emanate sth etw ausstrahlen to emanate confidence Zuversicht verströmen to emanate joy Freude verbreiten to emanate an order einen Befehl erteilen

Answer 666

pace [peis] ♦ noun 1 a step: He took a pace forward. گام 2 speed of movement: a fast pace. سرعت پیشرفت ♦ verb to walk backwards and forwards (across): He paced up and down. قدم زدن ˈpacemaker ♦ noun 1 an electronic device to make the heart beats regular or stronger. دستگاه تنظیم ضربان قلب 2 a person who sets the speed of a race. پیشتاز keep pace with to go as fast as: He kept pace with the car on his motorbike. هم سرعت حرکت کردن pace out to measure by walking along, across etc with even steps: She paced out the room. با قدم اندازه گرفتن put someone etc through his etc paces to make someone etc show what he etc can do: He put his new car through its paces. set the pace to go forward at a particular speed which everyone else has to follow: Her experiments set the pace for future research. پیشاهنگ شدن؛ آهنگ حرکت را تعیین کردن show one's paces to show what one can do: They made the horse show its paces. توانایی خود را نشان دادن [pās,ˈpäˌCHā,ˈpāˌsē] noun - pace سرعت: speed, velocity, rapidity, rate, pace, speeding گام: step, pitch, stride, pace, scale, footstep قدم: step, foot, pace, stride, goer, footstep تندی: speed, velocity, rigor, pungency, celerity, pace شیوه: technique, style, method, pace, habitude, device verb - pace گام زدن: walk, pace با قدم اهسته رفتن: pace قدم رو کردن: march, pace پیمودن: traverse, travel, wend, mete, measure, pace lively pace flottes Tempo brisk pace flottes Tempo hectic pace hektische Gangart at a leisurely pace gemessenen Schrittes geh to set the pace das Tempo angeben [o. bestimmen] at an easy pace in gemütlichem Tempo at a stately pace gemessenen Schrittes at a cracking pace mit einem Affenzahn ugs to force the pace das Tempo forcieren at a supercharged pace mit atemberaubender Geschwindigkeit to stand the pace das Tempo durchhalten to quicken one's pace sein Tempo beschleunigen at a snail's pace im Schneckentempo at a spanking pace in einem hohen Tempo at a rattling pace im Eiltempo a punishingly fast pace ein extrem [o. gnadenlos] schnelles Tempo to slacken one's pace seinen Schritt verlangsamen

Answer 667

ambiguity noun [ C or U ] UK /ˌæm.bɪˈɡjuː.ə.ti/ US /ˌæm.bɪˈɡjuː.ə.t̬i/ C2 (an example of) the fact of something having more than one possible meaning and therefore possibly causing confusion: We wish to remove any ambiguity concerning our demands. There are some ambiguities in the legislation. the state of being uncertain: ambiguity about sth You need to clear up any ambiguity about the agency's fundamental purpose.

Answer 668

strategize verb [ I or T ] (UK also strategise) UK /ˈstræt.ə.dʒaɪz/ US /ˈstræt̬.ə.dʒaɪz/ to think of a detailed plan for achieving success in situations such as war, politics, business, industry, or sport: People gathered together in his office to strategize.

Answer 669

rehash noun [ C ] informal disapproving UK /ˈriː.hæʃ/ US /ˈriː.hæʃ/ a book, film, piece of music, etc. that is very similar to previous ones and has no new ideas or improvements: His new book is just a rehash of his previous ones. The information in the report is a rehash of old discussions and misconceptions. rehash verb [ T ] informal disapproving UK /ˌriːˈhæʃ/ US /ˌriːˈhæʃ/ to write, say, do, etc. something again with no new ideas or improvements: Some students merely rehash what they've heard in lectures. We could simply rehash the published facts - but that would be dull. noun - rehash تکرار مکررات: rehash چیز تکراری: rehash verb - rehash تعمیر کردن: repair, fix, refit, remake, mend, rehash rehash of Elvis Presley Elvis-Presley-Verschnitt m to rehash events Ereignisse noch einmal durchsprechen

Answer 670

instead [inˈsted] ♦ adverb as a substitute; in place of something or someone: I don't like coffee. Could I please have tea instead? در عوض؛ به جای instead of in place of: Please take me instead of him; You should have been working instead of watching television. به جای to pay with cash instead of plastic bar statt mit Kreditkarte bezahlen I couldn't go, so my sister went instead ich konnte nicht gehen, also ist stattdessen meine Schwester gegangen wherever possible I use honey instead of sugar ich verwende, wenn möglich, immer Honig statt Zucker some people think television manages the news instead of just reporting it manche Leute glauben, dass das Fernsehen die Nachrichten manipuliert, anstatt nur zu berichten I wanted to talk back to him, but instead I bit my lip mir lag schon eine Entgegnung auf der Zunge, aber ich habe sie mir dann doch verkniffen

Answer 671

intend [inˈtend] ♦ verb 1 to mean or plan (to do something or that someone else should do something): Do you still intend to go?; Do you intend them to go?; Do you intend that they should go too? قصد داشتن 2 to mean (something) to be understood in a particular way: His remarks were intended to be a compliment. معنی دادن 3 (with for ) to direct at: That letter/bullet was intended for me. برای کسی بودن inˈtent [-t] ♦ adjective 1 (with on ) meaning, planning or wanting to do (something): He's intent on going; He's intent on marrying the girl. مصمم 2 (with on ) concentrating hard on: He was intent on the job he was doing. متوجه ♦ noun purpose; what a person means to do: He broke into the house with intent to steal. نیت inˈtention [-ʃən] ♦ noun what a person plans or intends to do: He has no intention of leaving; He went to see the boss with the intention of asking for a pay rise; If I have offended you, it was quite without intention; good intentions. قصد؛ منظور inˈtentional [-ʃənl] ♦ adjective (negative unintentional ) done, said etc deliberately and not by accident: I'm sorry I offended you – it wasn't intentional; intentional cruelty. عمدی inˈtentionally ♦ adverb . بطور عمدی inˈtently ♦ adverb with great concentration: He was watching her intently. با دقت؛ با اشتیاق * For the time being, I intend to stay at a hotel. در حال حاضر قصد دارم در هتل اقامت کنم یا بمانم. [inˈtend] verb - intend خواستن: want, ask, desire, solicit, wish, intend قصد داشتن: intend, aim, mean, purpose خیال داشتن: intend, think بر آن بودن: ween, intend to intend no harm nichts Böses wollen to intend doing [or to do] sth etw vorhaben to intend sb to do sth wollen, dass jd etw tut to intend [or mean] no disrespect for sth etw Dat gegenüber nicht respektlos sein wollen I fully intend to see this project through ich bin fest entschlossen dieses Projekt zu Ende zu bringen what do you intend to do about it? was willst du in der Sache unternehmen?

Answer 672

journey [ˈdʒəːni] ♦ noun a distance travelled, especially over land; an act of travelling: By train, it is a two-hour journey from here to the coast; I'm going on a long journey. سفر ♦ verb to travel. مسافرت کردن * We set out on our journey full of hope. ما سفرمان را با پر از آرزو شروع کردیم ( میکنیم) * Whenever she comes back from a journey, she brings a gift for her daughter. هر موقع که از سفری بر می گردد برای دخترش هدیه می آورد. * Being a doctor helped me greatly during the journey. دکتر بودنم در طی سفر به من کمک بزرگی کرد. [ˈjərnē] noun - journey سفر: travel, trip, journey, tour, voyage, expedition مسافرت: travel, tour, journey, locomotion سیاحت: tour, journey, travel, trip verb - journey سفر کردن: travel, journey, trip, peregrinate, voyage venturesome journey gefährliche Reise wasted journey vergebliche Reise long journey weite Reise journey time Fahrzeit f extensive journey ausgedehnte Reise homeward journey Heimreise f epic journey abenteuerliche Reise safe journey! gute Reise! to undertake a journey eine Reise unternehmen to resume a journey eine Reise fortsetzen have a safe journey! gute Reise! commencement of a journey Reiseantritt m journey of self-discovery Selbsterfahrungstrip m ugs to journey south in den [o. gen] Süden reisen liter overland journey [or trip] Reise f auf dem Landweg an uneventful journey eine Reise ohne Zwischenfälle homeward bound journey Heimreise f an educational journey eine Bildungsreise

Answer 673

petrol [ˈpetrəl] ♦ noun (American gas or gasoline ) a liquid got from petroleum, used as fuel for motor cars etc : I'll stop at the next garage and buy more petrol; (also adjective ) a petrol engine. بنزین petroleum [pəˈtrəuliəm] ♦ noun oil in its raw, unrefined form, which is found in natural wells below the earth's surface and from which petrol, paraffin etc are obtained. نفت خام petroleum jelly a soft substance got from petroleum, used eg in ointments. مرهم وازلین petrol pump(American gasoline pump) an apparatus at a petrol station which pumps petrol into cars etc , and which measures the amount of petrol it pumps. دستگاه پمپاژ بنزین petrol station(especially American filling stationor informally gas station) a garage where petrol is sold. پمپ بنزین

Answer 674

harass verb [ T ] UK /ˈhær.əs/ /həˈræs/ US /həˈræs/ /ˈher.əs/ Add to word list to continue to annoy or upset someone over a period of time: Stop harassing me! harass verb [ T ] UK /ˈhærəs, həˈræs/ US to repeatedly annoy or upset someone over a period of time: A university psychology professor has been arrested on accusations of using email to harass and torment employees at the school. be harrassed by sb She complained of being harassed by the press. harass [ˈhӕrəs, (especially American) həˈras] ♦ verb 1 to annoy or trouble (a person) constantly or frequently: The children have been harassing me all morning. اذیت کردن 2 to make frequent sudden attacks on (an enemy): The army was constantly harassed by groups of terrorists. حمله مكرر كردن بر ˈharassed ♦ adjective a harassed mother. عاجز ˈharassment ♦ noun He complained of harassment by the police. اذیت sexual harassment see sex Thesaurus [həˈras,ˈharəs] verb - harass اذیت کردن: offend, pester, hock, harass, tease, hurt بستوه اوردن: annoy, beset, harass, hare, harry, haze عاجز کردن: annoy, bay, disable, harass, hassle, importune حملات پی درپی کردن: harass خسته کردن: exhaust, bore, fag, fatigue, harass, jade تعرض کردن: remonstrate, attack, harass

Answer 675

wean someone off something phrasal verb with wean verb [ T ] UK /weɪn/ US /weɪn/ (US also wean someone from something) Add to word list to make someone gradually stop using something that is bad for them: It's difficult to wean addicts off cocaine once they're hooked. The whole scheme is intended to wean people off welfare dependency. wean [wiːn] ♦ verb to cause (a child or young animal) to become used to food other than the mother's milk: The baby has been weaned (on to solid foods). از شير گرفتن to wean sb off sth jdm etw abgewöhnen to wean sb off sth medicines etc jdn von etw Dat entwöhnen to wean sb off sth jdn von etw Dat abbringen the whole scheme is intended to wean people off welfare dependency der ganze Plan zielt darauf ab, die Leute von Sozialhilfe unabhängig zu machen

Answer 676

wean someone off something phrasal verb with wean verb [ T ] UK /weɪn/ US /weɪn/ (US also wean someone from something) Add to word list to make someone gradually stop using something that is bad for them: It's difficult to wean addicts off cocaine once they're hooked. The whole scheme is intended to wean people off welfare dependency. wean [wiːn] ♦ verb to cause (a child or young animal) to become used to food other than the mother's milk: The baby has been weaned (on to solid foods). از شير گرفتن to wean sb off sth jdm etw abgewöhnen to wean sb off sth medicines etc jdn von etw Dat entwöhnen to wean sb off sth jdn von etw Dat abbringen the whole scheme is intended to wean people off welfare dependency der ganze Plan zielt darauf ab, die Leute von Sozialhilfe unabhängig zu machen

Answer 677

US UK AU burst [bəːst]– past tense, past participle burst – ♦ verb 1 to break open or in pieces suddenly: The bag/balloon burst. ترکیدن؛ از هم پاشیدن 2 (with in, ~into, ~through etc ) to come or go suddenly or violently: He burst in without knocking; He burst into the room; She burst into tears. ناگهان و بدون مقدمه آمدن یا رفتن 3 (of rivers) to overflow or flood (the banks): The river has burst its banks. طغیان کردن؛ سیل زده کردن ♦ noun 1 a break or explosion: a burst in the pipes. ترکیدگی؛ انفجار 2 an (often sudden and short) outbreak: a burst of applause. وقوع؛ طغیان burst open to open suddenly or violently: The door burst open and she rushed in. ناگهان و با فشار باز شدن * As soon as she heard the news, she burst into tears. به محض اینکه او اخبار را شنید, شروع به گریه کردن کرد. * Upon hearing the news, she burst out crying. با شنیدن خبر، او ناگهان به گریه افتاد. [bərst] noun - burst انفجار: explosion, blast, burst, detonation, eruption, outburst شلیک: fire, volley, burst شیوع: prevalence, outbreak, spread, rampancy, burst, accession طوفان آتش: burst verb - burst ترکیدن: burst, pop, rupture, blow, explode, rive شکفتن: flourish, burst, open, dehisce, smile قطع کردن: cut off, cut, disconnect, interrupt, intercept, burst منفجر کردن: blow up, burst, dynamite, puff از هم پاشیدن: disintegrate, burst, dissipate, decompose to burst into flame in Brand geraten to burst into song laut zu singen anfangen to burst into view plötzlich auftauchen to burst into laughter in [schallendes] Gelächter ausbrechen to burst into flames in Flammen aufgehen to burst into tears in Tränen ausbrechen to burst sb's bubble jds Illusionen zerstören suddenly the bubble burst auf einmal ist alles wie eine Seifenblase geplatzt burst of economic growth plötzlich einsetzendes Wirtschaftswachstum burst [or rush] of adrenalin Adrenalinstoß m to burst open bag, case aufgehen burst of activity plötzliche Geschäftigkeit burst of applause Beifallssturm m burst of laughter Lachsalve f burst of speed Spurt m burst of growth Wachstumsschub m to burst at the seams an den Nähten [auf]platzen to burst into blossom [or flower] [plötzlich] aufblühen

Answer 678

amendment noun UK /əˈmend.mənt/ US /əˈmend.mənt/ Add to word list C2 [ U or C ] a change or changes made to the words of a text: He insisted that the book did not need amendment. I've made a few last-minute amendments to the article. Presidential power was reduced by a constitutional amendment in 1991 🥳 a change to a law that is not yet in operation and is still being discussed: An amendment to the bill was agreed without a vote. constitutional amendment Verfassungsänderung f amendment to the constitution Zusatzartikel m zur Verfassung amendment to a bill Abänderung f einer Gesetzesvorlage to defeat an amendment einen Antrag auf Gesetzesänderung ablehnen to move an amendment eine Ergänzung einbringen the second/fifth amendment Am der Zweite/Fünfte Zusatzartikel [zur Verfassung] to take the fifth amendment wegen möglicher Selbstbezichtigung die Aussage verweigern to propose/table an amendment einen Änderungsantrag stellen/einbringen to ratify an amendment/a contract einen Änderungsantrag/Vertrag sanktionieren

Answer 679

disgruntled adjective UK /dɪsˈɡrʌn.təld/ US /dɪsˈɡrʌn.t̬əld/ Add to word list unhappy, annoyed, and disappointed about something: A disgruntled former employee is being blamed for the explosion. The players were disgruntled with the umpire. disgruntled [disˈgrantld] ♦ adjective sulky and dissatisfied. دلخور؛ پکر [disˈgrəntld] verb - disgruntle بدخلق کردن: disgruntle غمگین کردن: aggrieve, disgruntle, grieve, sadden, make sorry خشمگین کردن: anger, infuriate, vex, aggravate, make angry, annoy

Answer 680

former [ˈfoːmə] ♦ adjective of an earlier time: In former times people did not travel so much. پیشین؛ قدیم ˈformerly ♦ adverb in earlier times: Formerly this large town was a small village. در گذشته the former the first of two things mentioned: We visited America and Australia, staying longer in the former than in the latter. اولی [ˈfôrmər] adjective - former سابق: former, old, past, preceding, antecedent, ci-devant پیشین: prior, a priori, former, previous, antecedent, olden قبلی: previous, prior, former, past, foregone, fore قبل: former سابقی: former, old, previous پیشی: former دارای انتای مربع: former جلوی: fore, anterior, forward, frontward, former, prior در جلو: former noun - former تشکیل دهنده: former, incorporator قالب گیر: former, founder

Answer 681

parishioner noun [ C ] US /pəˈrɪʃ·ə·nər/ a member of a particular parish, esp. one who frequently goes to its church

Answer 682

panoply : wide range of sth noun [ S ] formal UK /ˈpæn.ə.pli/ US /ˈpæn.ə.pli/ Add to word list a wide range or collection of different things: There is a whole panoply of remedies and drugs available to the modern doctor. with the full panoply of royal ceremony mit allem Pomp einer königlichen Zeremonie

Answer 683

prevalence noun [ U ] UK /ˈprev.əl.əns/ US /ˈprev.əl.əns/ Add to word list the fact that something is very common or happens often: the prevalence of smoking among teenagers The prevalence of the disease is higher in some families. ˈprevələns] noun - prevalence شیوع: prevalence, outbreak, spread, rampancy, burst, accession رواج: prevalence, vogue, currency, circulation, propagation تفوق: supremacy, superiority, predominance, domination, ascendancy, prevalence غلبه: dominance, domination, conquest, predominance, victory, prevalence درجه شیوع: prevalence نفوذ: influence, penetration, infiltration, permeation, authority, prevalence پخش: broadcast, distribution, release, diffusion, dissemination, prevalence

Answer 684

prescription noun UK /prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/ US /prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/ prescription noun (MEDICINE) Add to word list B1 [ C ] a piece of paper on which a doctor writes the details of the medicine or drugs that someone needs: a doctor's prescription a prescription for sedatives The doctor should give you a repeat prescription (= another piece of paper allowing more of the same medicine to be given, often without the person seeing the doctor again). These drugs are only available on prescription (= with a prescription from a doctor). Prescription charges (= the standard amount of money you pay for any medicine prescribed by a doctor) are rising in June. repeat prescription Wiederholungsrezept nt on prescription auf Rezept I need a prescription ich brauche ein Rezept to fill a prescription Am eine Medizin zubereiten to write a prescription/receipt ein Rezept/eine Quittung ausstellen she would prefer guidance to prescription ihr wäre Anleitung statt Belehrungen lieber to be only available on prescription verschreibungspflichtig [o. rezeptpflichtig] sein a refill for [or on] medication/a prescription eine Neuverordnung einer Behandlung/eines Rezeptes

Answer 685

peculiar adjective UK /pɪˈkjuː.li.ər/ US /pɪˈkjuːl.jɚ/ peculiar adjective (STRANGE) Add to word list B2 unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way: She has the most peculiar ideas. What a peculiar smell! It's peculiar that they didn't tell us they were going away. UK The video on road accidents made me feel rather peculiar (= ill). peculiar [piˈkjuːljə] ♦ adjective 1 strange; odd: peculiar behaviour. عجیب و غریب 2 belonging to one person, place or thing in particular and to no other: customs peculiar to France. ویژه؛ خاص peˌculiˈarity [-ˈӕ-]– plural peˌculiˈarities – ♦ noun . ویژگی peˈculiarly ♦ adverb . بطور عجیب و غریب؛ ویژه [pəˈkyo͞olyər] adjective - peculiar عجیب و غریب: exotic, odd, peculiar, outlandish, queer, rum خاص: specific, special, particular, own, peculiar, characteristic ویژه: special, specific, particular, peculiar, net, special character مختص: peculiar, particular مخصوص: special, specific, particular, especial, peculiar, private خصوصی: private, particular, personal, specific, special, peculiar دارای اخلاق غریب: peculiar I feel slightly peculiar ich fühle mich irgendwie komisch of peculiar interest von besonderem Interesse to have a peculiar feeling sich Akk eigenartig fühlen to feel a little peculiar sich Akk nicht [ganz] wohl fühlen to come over dizzy/peculiar sich Akk [plötzlich ganz] benommen/komisch fühlen funny ha-ha or funny peculiar? lustig oder merkwürdig? sth seems [or is] a little peculiar to sb etw kommt jdm nicht ganz geheuer vor they speak with a peculiar accent down his way in seiner Ecke haben die Leute einen besonderen Akzent ugs why is he scratching his nose in that peculiar fashion? warum kratzt er sich so an der Nase? she's a very funny woman — funny ha-ha or funny peculiar? sie ist eine sehr komische Frau — meinst du mit komisch lustig oder merkwürdig?

Answer 686

alienation: isolation noun [ U ] UK /ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ Add to word list the feeling that you have no connection with the people around you or that you are not part of a group: Depressed people frequently feel a sense of alienation from those around them. the act of making someone stop supporting and agreeing with you: This short-sighted alienation of their own supporters may lose them the election.

Answer 687

suburb [ˈsabəːb] ♦ noun (often in plural ) an area of houses on the outskirts of a city, town etc : Edgbaston is a suburb of Birmingham; They decided to move out to the suburbs. حومه suˈburban ♦ adjective of suburbs: suburban housing. حومه اي suˈburbia [-biə] ♦ noun the suburbs. حومه نشيني

Answer 688

warp1 [woːp] ♦ verb 1 to make or become twisted out of shape: The door has been warped by all the rain we've had lately. كج و معوج شدن 2 to cause to think or act in an abnormal way: His experiences had warped his judgement/mind. منحرف شدن ♦ noun the shape into which something is twisted by warping: The rain has given this wood a permanent warp. پيچ warped ♦ adjective . پيچ خوردگي time warp Zeitverwerfung f to warp sb's mind jds Charakter verderben warp and weft Kette und Schuss the warp and the woof übtr das A und O to do sth at warp speed etw in Windeseile [o. blitzschnell] machen we've flown into a time warp wir haben uns in Zeit und Raum verloren he's living in a time warp er lebt in einer anderen Zeit to have a warp in one's character einen verbogenen [o. ugs verkorksten] Charakter haben there is a warp in the shelf das Regal ist verzogen to have a warp in one's way of looking at things einen Knick in der Optik haben ugs

Answer 689

warp1 [woːp] ♦ verb 1 to make or become twisted out of shape: The door has been warped by all the rain we've had lately. كج و معوج شدن 2 to cause to think or act in an abnormal way: His experiences had warped his judgement/mind. منحرف شدن ♦ noun the shape into which something is twisted by warping: The rain has given this wood a permanent warp. پيچ warped ♦ adjective . پيچ خوردگي time warp Zeitverwerfung f to warp sb's mind jds Charakter verderben warp and weft Kette und Schuss the warp and the woof übtr das A und O to do sth at warp speed etw in Windeseile [o. blitzschnell] machen we've flown into a time warp wir haben uns in Zeit und Raum verloren he's living in a time warp er lebt in einer anderen Zeit to have a warp in one's character einen verbogenen [o. ugs verkorksten] Charakter haben there is a warp in the shelf das Regal ist verzogen to have a warp in one's way of looking at things einen Knick in der Optik haben ugs

Answer 690

stem1 [stem] ♦ noun 1 the part of a plant that grows upward from the root, or the part from which a leaf, flower or fruit grows; a stalk: Poppies have long, hairy, twisting stems. ساقه 2 the narrow part of various objects, eg of a wine-glass between the bowl and the base: the stem of a wine-glass / of a tobacco-pipe. پايه 3 the upright piece of wood or metal at the bow of a ship: As the ship struck the rock, she shook from stem to stern. تنه ♦ verb– past tense, past participle stemmed – (with from ) to be caused by: Hate sometimes stems from envy. نشات گرفتن از -stemmed a thick-stemmed plant; He smoked a short-stemmed pipe. ساقه؛ دسته verb - stem ریشه لغت قطع کردن: stem ساقه دار کردن: stem بند اوردن: block, stanch, stem, stop, stanch STEM subject MINT-Fach nt from stem to stern vom Bug bis zum Heck to stem the tide/flow [of sth] etw zum Stillstand bringen to stem the flow of blood die Blutung stillen to stem the tide of events den Lauf der Dinge aufhalten she tried to stem the flow of blood sie versuchte, das Blut zu stillen I salute their efforts to stem the tide of poverty in this country ich verneige mich vor ihren Bemühungen, die Flut der Armut in diesem Land einzudämmen

Answer 691

frontier noun [ C ] UK /ˈfrʌn.tɪər/ /frʌnˈtɪər/ US /frʌnˈtɪr/ Add to word list C2 [ C ] a border between two countries: Some of the frontier between Germany and Poland follows the course of the river Oder. Nepal has frontiers with both India and China. They lived in a town close to the frontier. the western US where settlers began to move to live in the 19th century: The Homestead Act of 1862 gave free land to pioneers who settled the frontier. frontier [ˈfrantiə, (American) franˈtiər] ♦ noun 1 a boundary between countries: We crossed the frontier; (also adjective ) a frontier town. مرز 2 the farthest area of land on which people live and work, before the country becomes wild and deserted: Many families went to make a new life on the frontier. سرزمین مرزی 3 the limits or boundaries (of knowledge etc ): the frontiers of scientific knowledge. مرز

Answer 692

perpetrator noun [ C ] UK /ˈpɜː.pə.treɪ.tər/ US /ˈpɝː.pə.treɪ.t̬ɚ/ (US informal perp) Add to word list someone who has committed a crime or a violent or harmful act: The perpetrators of the massacre must be brought to justice as war criminals. perpetrator of violence Gewalttäter(in) m (f) perpetrator of fraud Betrüger(in) m (f)

Answer 693

perpetuate verb [ T ] formal UK /pəˈpetʃ.u.eɪt/ US /pɚˈpetʃ.u.eɪt/ Add to word list to cause something to continue: Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy. The aim of the association is to perpetuate the skills of traditional furniture design. to perpetuate the species die Rasse vor dem Aussterben bewahren to perpetuate a stereotype ein Vorurteil fortbestehen lassen to perpetuate sb's name jds Namen [o. jdn] verewigen [pərˈpeCHo͞oˌāt] verb - perpetuate همیشگی کردن: perpetuate دائمي کردن: perpetuate جاودانی ساختن: perpetuate

Answer 694

advocate [ˈӕdvəkət] ♦ noun a supporter, a person who is in favour (of): an advocate of reform. مدافع؛ طرفدار [-keit]verb to recommend: He advocated increasing the charges. خواهان چیزی بودن؛ طرفداری کردن noun - advocate مدافع: advocate, defendant, lawyer, barrister طرفدار: advocate, adherent, sympathizer, aficionado, partisan, bigot حامی: sponsor, advocate, supporter, patron, protector, backer وکیل مدافع: attorney, advocate, counselor, barrister, counsellor verb - advocate دفاع کردن: advocate, bield, ward off, answer, buckler طرفداری کردن: favor, side, advocate, approve, back, defend strong advocate engagierter Befürworter/engagierte Befürworterin temperance advocate Abstinenzverfechter(in) m (f) to advocate a cause sich Akk für eine Sache einsetzen [o. engagieren] the devil's advocate Advocatus m Diaboli pro-choice advocate Verfechter(in) m (f) des Rechts auf Abtreibung to play the devil's advocate den Advocatus Diaboli spielen to be an advocate of environmentalism/women's rights für den Umweltschutz/die Rechte der Frauen eintreten

Answer 695

conduct [kənˈdakt] ♦ verb 1 to lead or guide: We were conducted down a narrow path by the guide; He conducted the tour. هدایت کردن؛ سرپرستی کردن 2 to carry or allow to flow: Most metals conduct electricity. انتقال دادن؛ عبور دادن 3 to direct (an orchestra, choir etc ). رهبری کردن 4 to behave (oneself): He conducted himself well at the reception. مواظب رفتار خود بودن 5 to manage or carry on (a business). اداره کردن؛ اجرا کردن [ˈkondakt]noun 1 behaviour: His conduct at school was disgraceful. رفتار 2 the way in which something is managed, done etc : the conduct of the affair. اجرا؛ اداره conducted tour ♦ noun . گردش به همراه راهنما conˈduction [-ʃən] ♦ noun transmission of heat etc by a conductor. رسانش؛ هدایت conˈductor ♦ noun 1 a thing that conducts heat or electricity: Copper is a good conductor of heat. رسانا 2 a director of an orchestra, choir etc . رهبر 3 (feminine conˈductress ) a person who collects fares on a bus etc : a bus conductor. مسئول جمع آوری بلیط 4 (American ) a guard on a train. کنترل چی قطار lubricious conduct unanständiges Verhalten unprofessional conduct berufswidriges Verhalten irreproachable conduct JUR einwandfreie Führung improper conduct unschickliches Benehmen [o. Verhalten] to conduct the defense die Verteidigung führen to maintain professional conduct professionell auftreten to conduct a briefing eine Besprechung abhalten freedom to conduct business Geschäftsfreiheit f to conduct the defence die Verteidigung führen to conduct an orchestra ein Orchester dirigieren to demand safe conduct freies [o. sicheres] Geleit fordern drunken and disorderly conduct Trunkenheit f und ordnungswidriges Verhalten disgraceful behaviour [or conduct] skandalöses Verhalten [o. Benehmen] conduct of affairs ADMIN Geschäftsführung f unsporting conduct [or behaviour] unfaires Verhalten unsportsmanlike conduct [or behaviour] unfaires Verhalten to conduct negotiations Verhandlungen führen to conduct electricity/heat Strom/Wärme leiten code of conduct Verhaltenskodex m

Answer 696

exempt [igˈzempt] ♦ verb to free (a person) from a duty that other people have to carry out: He was exempted from military service. معاف کردن ♦ adjective free (from a duty etc ): Children under 16 are exempt from the usual charges for dental treatment. معاف exˈemption [-ʃən] ♦ noun . معافیت exempt from duty gebührenfrei exempt from excise von der Verbrauchssteuer ausgenommen goods exempt from this tax von dieser Steuer ausgenommene Waren to exempt sb from military service jdn vom Militärdienst freistellen

Answer 697

agenda [əˈdʒendə] ♦ noun a list of things to be done, especially at a meeting: What's on the agenda this morning? دستور جلسه؛ برنامه کار agenda noun [ C ] UK /əˈdʒen.də/ US /əˈdʒen.də/ Add to word list C1 a list of matters to be discussed at a meeting: There were several important items on the agenda. The question of security is high on the agenda for this afternoon's meeting. C2 a list of aims or possible future achievements: Women's rights have been put back on the agenda (= are being discussed publicly again). The subject of safety needs to be placed high on/at the top of the agenda (= must be discussed because it is very important). Education was placed firmly on the political agenda in the prime minister's weekend speech. ☺️ a secret aim or reason for doing something: She felt that some of the group had an agenda. There's no hidden agenda - I'm just trying to help.

Answer 698

despite [diˈspait] ♦ preposition in spite of: He didn't get the job despite all his qualifications. علی رغم؛ باوجود * I must admit that, despite loving our friendship, I think I'm also starting to love you. باید اعتراف کنم که علیرغم علاقه ام به دوستی امان، فکر می کنم کم کم دارم عاشق تو می شوم. [diˈspīt] preposition - despite با وجود: despite, notwithstanding, but علیرغم: despite, notwithstanding, contrary to با اینکه: despite مخالف: against, contrary to, athwart, despite, notwithstanding despite repeated assurances that ... ungeachtet der Tatsache, dass man wiederholt beteuert hatte, dass ... despite the fact that ... trotz [o. ungeachtet] der Tatsache, dass ... despite himself, he laughed er konnte sich das Lachen einfach nicht verkneifen despite strenuous efforts trotz aller Bemühungen despite repeated attempts trotz wiederholter Versuche despite [or in spite of] everything trotz allem despite everything he's still recognizable as himself trotz allem ist er er selbst geblieben the Labour vote held up despite fierce opposition Labour konnte sich trotz starker Opposition behaupten [o. durchsetzen] despite all my efforts, he is still smoking trotz all meiner Bemühungen raucht er immer noch he was determinedly polite despite the aggressive questioning trotz der aggressiven Befragung ließ er sich nicht in seiner Höflichkeit beirren despite her husband's repeated flings, she has remained unshaken in her loyalty trotz der wiederholten Eskapaden ihres Ehemannes geriet ihre Treue nicht ins Wanken despite her father's reassurances she was still frightened of the dark obwohl ihr Vater ihr beruhigend zuredete, hatte sie immer noch Angst im Dunkeln in myself dated I'm well enough in myself despite the problems with the leg mir geht es recht gut, auch wenn ich Probleme mit dem Bein habe despite her limitations as an actress, she was a great entertainer trotz ihrer begrenzten schauspielerischen Fähigkeiten war sie als Entertainerin Spitze she was restrained, despite the anger that welled up inside her sie war sehr beherrscht trotz des Zorns, der in ihr aufstieg despite this scrape with disaster, he refused to give up racing obwohl er nur knapp an einer Katastrophe vorbeigeschrammt ist, weigerte er sich, mit dem Rennfahren aufzuhören ugs despite our arguments he continues to leave his dirty clothes on the floor trotz unserer Streitigkeiten lässt er die schmutzige Wäsche nach wie vor auf dem Boden liegen despite being heavily outgunned, the rebel forces have held on to their position obwohl die Rebellen über deutlich weniger Waffen verfügen, haben sie ihre Stellung behaupten können despite having drunk too much beer he just managed to navigate his way to the door obwohl er zu viel Bier getrunken hatte, schaffte er es noch zur Tür despite their public show of unity they are close to getting divorced obwohl sie nach außen hin Einigkeit demonstrieren, stehen sie kurz vor der Scheidung

Answer 699

lasting for a long time: Muir had an abiding interest in dogs. abide [əˈbaid] ♦ verb to put up with; to tolerate: I can't abide noisy people. تحمل کردن aˈbide by– past tense, past participle aˈbided – to act according to; to be faithful to: They must abide by the rules of the game. پیروی کردن از؛ وفادار بودن به abiding adjective [ before noun ] UK /əˈbaɪ.dɪŋ/ US /əˈbaɪ.dɪŋ/ Add to word list An abiding feeling or memory is one that you have had for a long time: abiding memory My abiding memory is of him in the garden. She holds an abiding affection for her old school. abiding love immer währende Liebe abiding values bleibende Werte a law-abiding citizen ein gesetzestreuer Bürger/eine gesetzestreue Bürgerin

Answer 700

ban [bӕn] ♦ noun an order that a certain thing may not be done: a ban on smoking. ممنوعیت؛ منع ♦ verb– past tense, past participle banned – to forbid: The government banned publication of his book. ممنوع کردن ban [bӕn] ♦ noun an order that a certain thing may not be done: a ban on smoking. ممنوعیت؛ منع ♦ verb– past tense, past participle banned – to forbid: The government banned publication of his book. ممنوع کردن [ban,bän] noun - ban منع: prohibition, ban, forbidding, prevention, inhibition, withholding لعن: cursing, damnation, ban, imprecation, malediction حکم تحریم یا تکفیر: ban منع از راه ارعاب و تهدید: ban verb - ban ممنوع ساختن: ban, prohibit, forbid قدغن کردن: ban, forbid, interdict, accurse, veto بستن: close, shut, shut down, block, fasten, ban منع کردن: prevent, ban, forbid, prohibit, withhold, inhibit باز داشتن: deter, encumber, prevent, debar, dissuade, ban تحریم کردن: boycott, ban, blackball, lock out, prohibit, proscribe لعن کردن: ban, maledict اجازه ندادن: ban, forbid, interdict, prohibit

Answer 701

consecutive [kənˈsekjutiv] ♦ adjective following one after the other in regular order: He visited us on two consecutive days, Thursday and Friday. پشت سر هم؛ متوالی conˈsecutively ♦ adverb . پی در پی؛ بطور متوالی onsecutive interpreting Konsekutivdolmetschen nt consecutive clause Konsekutivsatz m fachspr the third consecutive weekend that I've spent working schon das dritte Wochenende, an dem ich arbeite this is the fifth consecutive night that I haven't slept ich habe jetzt schon fünf Nächte hintereinander nicht geschlafen

Answer 702

sabotage [ˈsӕbətaːʒ] ♦ noun the deliberate destruction in secret of machinery, bridges, equipment etc , by eg enemies in wartime, dissatisfied workers etc . خرابكاري ♦ verb to destroy, damage or cause to fail by sabotage. خرابكاري كردن ˌsaboˈteur [-ˈtəː] ♦ noun a person who sabotages: The soldiers shot the three saboteurs. t /sab´ǝ täzh´/ n., vt., vi. ● خرابکاری،کارشکنی the secret burning down of factories was one of the many acts of sabotage by German agents آتش زدن مخفیانه‌ی کارخانه‌ها یکی از چندین نوع خرابکاری عوامل آلمانی بود. ● خرابکارانه،کارشکنانه ● شر به پا کردن،خرابکاری کردن،کارشکنی کردن they sabotaged the railways by blowing up bridges آنها با منفجر کردن پل‌ها در راه‌آهن خرابکاری می‌کردند. he constantly sabotaged the activities of the office او دائما در امور اداره کار شکنی می‌کرد.

Answer 703

commodity [kəˈmodəti]– plural comˈmodities – ♦ noun an article which is bought or sold: soap, toothpaste and other household commodities. کالا؛ جنس precious commodity kostbarer [o. wertvoller] Rohstoff futures commodity Terminware f commodity exchange Warenbörse f hard commodity metallischer Rohstoff soft commodity Lebensmittelrohstoff m [commodity] futures market Terminmarkt m commodity futures exchange Warenterminbörse f commodity future transaction Warentermingeschäft nt commodity futures market Warenterminmarkt m commodity futures instrument Warentermininstrument nt

Answer 704

contraception [kontrəˈsepʃən] ♦ noun the prevention of conceiving children; birth-control. جلوگیری از بارداری ˌcontraˈceptive [-tiv] ♦ noun (a pill etc ) preventing pregnancy. هر وسیلۀ جلوگیری از بارداری

Answer 705

desertification noun [ U ] ENVIRONMENT specialized UK /dɪˌzɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ US /dɪˌzɝː.t̬ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ Add to word list the process by which land changes into desert, for example because there has been too much farming activity on it or because a lot of trees have been cut down

Answer 706

ghettoize verb [ T often passive ] (UK usually ghettoise) UK /ˈɡet.əʊ.aɪz/ US /ˈɡet̬.oʊ.aɪz/ Add to word list to treat a particular group in society as if they are different from the other parts of society and as if their activities and interests are not important to other people: Feminist writers, she claimed, had been ghettoized, their books placed on separate shelves in the shops. The TV company is aware of the danger of ghettoizing disability issues by offering "specialist" programmes. ghetto [ˈgetəu]– plural ˈghetto(e)s – ♦ noun a (poor) part of a city etc in which a certain group of people (especially immigrants) lives: Large cities like New York have many ghettoes. محل سکونت اقلیت ها 😄 assimilate [əˈsiməleit] assimilate verb [ I or T ] UK /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/ US /əˈsɪm.ə.leɪt/ assimilate verb [I or T] (JOIN) Add to word list to become part of a group, country, society, etc., or to make someone or something become part of a group, country, society, etc.: The European Union should remain flexible enough to assimilate more countries quickly. You shouldn't expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately. ♦ verb to take in and digest: Plants assimilate food from the earth; I can't assimilate all these facts at once. جذب کردن؛ تحلیل کردن asˌsimiˈlation ♦ noun . هضم؛ جذب 😅 acculturation noun [ U ] US/əˌkəl·tʃəˈreɪ·ʃən/ SOCIAL STUDIES changing of one culture to be more like another acculturate verb [ I or T ] UK /əˈkʌl.tʃər.eɪt/ US /əˈkʌl.tʃə.reɪt/ Add to word list to change so that you become more like people from a different culture, or to make someone change in this way: How did Hispanics acculturate to life in America?

Answer 707

wear someone down phrasal verb with wear verb UK /weər/ US /wer/ wore | worn to make someone feel tired and less able to deal successfully with a situation: Both sides are trying to wear the other down by being obstinate in the negotiations. All the stress and extra travel is beginning to wear him down.

Answer 708

recruit noun [ C ] UK /rɪˈkruːt/ US /rɪˈkruːt/ C2 a new member of an organization, especially the army: Raw recruits (= completely new soldiers) were trained for six months and then sent to the war front. recruit verb [ T ] US /rɪˈkrut/ to persuade someone to become a new member of an organization: The coach spends a lot of time recruiting the top high school athletes. recruit [rəˈkruːt] ♦ noun 1 a person who has (just) joined the army, air force etc . سرباز؛ سرباز جدید 2 a person who has (just) joined a society, group etc : Our party needs new recruits before the next election. عضو جدید ♦ verb to cause to join the army, a society etc : We must recruit more troops; Can't you recruit more members to the music society? سرباز گرفتن؛ به خدمت سربازی در آمدن reˈcruitment ♦ noun . استخدام؛ سرباز گیری

Answer 709

diverge [daiˈvəːdʒ] ♦ verb 1 to separate and go in different directions: The roads diverge three kilometres further on. جدا شدن؛ منشعب شدن 2 to differ (from someone or something else); to go away (from a standard): This is where our opinions diverge. اختلاف پیدا کردن؛ مختلف شدن diˈvergence ♦ noun . جدایی؛ اختلاف عقیده diˈvergent ♦ adjective . جدا شونده؛ متفاوت

Answer 710

prosper [ˈprospə] ♦ verb to do well; to succeed: His business is prospering. موفق شدن proˈsperity [-ˈspe-] ♦ noun success; wealth: We wish you happiness and prosperity. بهروزی ˈprosperous ♦ adjective successful, especially in business: a prosperous businessman. موفق ˈprosperously ♦ adverb . بطور موفقیت آمیز As the company prospered, we prospered. a prosperous business a period of increasing prosperity

Answer 711

ramification noun [ C usually plural ] UK /ˌræm.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃənz/ US /ˌræm.ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃənz/ Add to word list the possible results of an action: Have you considered all the ramifications of your suggestion? ramification (consequences) Auswirkung f ramification (consequences) Konsequenz f ramification (subdivision of a structure) Verzweigung f

Answer 712

more than is needed or wanted: The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. superfluous [suˈpəːfluəs] ♦ adjective extra; beyond what is needed or wanted. اضافي ● زیادی،زائد،غیر ضروری،نالازم،بیستار،بیش از نیاز،اضافی eliminate all the superfluous words in this page همه‌ی واژه‌ی‌های زائد این صفحه را حذف کنید. his warning was superfluous هشدار او غیر ضروری بود. the crowd was so orderly that the police presence seemed superfluous آن جمعیت آنقدر مرتب و منظم بود که حضور پلیس غیر ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسید. ● (مهجور) اسراف

Answer 713

[(h)yo͞oˌmilēˈāSHən] noun - humiliation تحقیر: humiliation, contempt, disdain, scorn, humility, belittlement احساس حقارت: humiliation humiliate verb [ T ] UK /hjuːˈmɪl.i.eɪt/ US /hjuːˈmɪl.i.eɪt/ Add to word list to make someone feel ashamed or lose respect for himself or herself: How could you humiliate me by questioning my judgment in front of everyone like that? England were humiliated (= completely defeated) in last night's match. to make you feel ashamed or lose respect for yourself: They called him an old fool in public just to humiliate him. humiliate [hjuˈmilieit] ♦ verb to make (someone) feel ashamed: He was humiliated to find that his girlfriend could run faster than he could. تحقير كردن huˈmiliating ♦ adjective . توهين آميز huˌmiliˈation ♦ noun . تحقير ● سرافکنده کردن،تحقیر کردن،سرشکسته کردن،خوار کردن،هاژیدن،شرمسار کردن،خفت دادن I was humiliated when the teacher asked me to leave the class هنگامی که آموزگار به من گفت که از کلاس بروم بیرون بسیار سرافکنده شدم. one should not humiliate a child in front of his friends بچه را نباید جلو دوستانش خفیف کرد. * humiliating, adj. 1- تحقیر کننده،خفت آور،شرم انگیز،هاژانگیز 2- تحقیرآمیز،هاژآمیز،خفت آمیز * humiliation, n. سرافکندگی،سرشکستگی،خواری،خفت،تحقیر،هاژش،هاژی don't humiliate me in front of all my friends! stelle mich nicht vor all meinen Freunden bloß!

Answer 714

inadequate [inˈӕdikwət] ♦ adjective not sufficient; not adequate: inadequate supplies; Our equipment is inadequate for this job. ناکافی inˈadequacy ♦ noun . کمبود ● نابسنده،ناکافی،کم his monthly salary was inadequate حقوق ماهیانه‌ی او کافی نبود. ● بی‌صلاحیت،بی‌لیاقت،ناشایسته they were inadequate to the task آنها از پس آن کار بر نمی‌آمدند. inadequacy noun UK /ɪˈnæd.ɪ.kwə.si/ US /ɪˈnæd.ə.kwə.si/ Add to word list [ C or U ] the fact that something is not good enough or is too small in amount: Economic growth is hindered by the inadequacies of the public transport system. The inadequacy of the budget is likely to cause problems. [ U ] a lack of confidence that makes you feel unable to deal with a situation: I always suffer from feelings of inadequacy when I'm with him. inadequacy Unzulänglichkeit f feelings of inadequacy Minderwertigkeitsgefühle inadequate unzureichend pathetically inadequate völlig unzulänglich woefully inadequate völlig unzulänglich inadequate street lighting unzureichende Straßenbeleuchtung to feel inadequate Minderwertigkeitsgefühle haben some of the samples were wretchedly inadequate einige der Muster passten überhaupt nicht he is wholly inadequate to the demands of the job er genügt den beruflichen Anforderungen in keinster Weise

Answer 715

/di jes´chǝn, dī-/ n. ● گوارش،هضم some drugs aid digestion برخی داروها گوارش را آسان می‌کنند. there are several stages to the digestion of food هضم غذا در چندین مرحله انجام می‌گیرد. ● (توانایی هضم خوراک) هاضمه،گوارد her mother suffers from poor digestion مادرش از سوهاضمه رنج می‌برد. ● فهم،درک،دریابی،(مجازی)در آشامی the digestion of all that information in such a short time is impossible فهم همه‌ی آن اطلاعات در مدتی چنین کوتاه غیرممکن است. ● واهشتگی (تجزیه‌ی) فاضلاب توسط باکتری‌ها digest [daiˈdʒest] ♦ verb 1 to break up (food) in the stomach etc and turn it into a form which the body can use: The invalid had to have food that was easy to digest. هضم کردن 2 to take in and think over (information etc ): It took me some minutes to digest what he had said. فهمیدن؛ دریافتن ♦ noun summary; brief account: a digest of the week's news. خلاصه؛ چکیده diˈgestible ♦ adjective able to be digested: This food is scarcely digestible. زود هضم؛ قابل هضم diˈgestion [-tʃən] ♦ noun 1 the act of digesting food. هضم 2 the ability of one's body to digest food: poor digestion. هاضمه diˈgestive [-tiv] ♦ adjective of digestion: the human digestive system. گوارشی؛ هاضمه dī´jest´, di jest´/ n., vt., vi. ● (کتاب و مقاله و غیره) چکیده،خلاصه،تلخیص،کوته‌وار،کوته‌سخن the digest of a novel چکیده‌ی رمان a digest of the day's news خلاصه‌ی اخبار روز ● خلاصه کردن،کوته‌وار کردن،تلخیص کردن he digested all of the regulations in a single volume او کلیه‌ی مقررات را در یک جلد خلاصه کرد. ● هضم شدن یا کردن،گواردن،گواریدن،گواراندن it is not easy to digest certain foods هضم برخی غذاها آسان نیست. enzymes digest most proteins آنزیم‌ها بیشتر پروتئین‌ها را هضم می‌کنند. boiled eggs digest easily تخم‌مرغ آب‌پز به آسانی گواریده می‌شود. ● تحلیل بردن،وابردن sugars are digested by yeasts قندها توسط مخمرها تحلیل برده می‌شوند. ● فهمیدن،دریافتن،(مجازی) جذب کردن you must read this article carefully and digest its meaning این مقاله را باید با دقت بخوانید و معنی آن را درک کنید. ● (معمولا جمع - حرف بزرگ - حقوق) مجموعه‌ی قوانین امپراطوری روم که به دستور ژوستینیان امپراطور روم در پنجاه جلد تدوین شد

Answer 716

friction [ˈfrikʃən] ♦ noun 1 the rubbing together of two things: The friction between the head of the match and the matchbox causes a spark. سایش 2 the resistance felt when one object is moved against another (or through liquid or gas): There is friction between the wheels of a car and the road-surface. اصطکاک 3 quarrelling; disagreement: There seems to be some friction between the workmen and the manager. اختلاف نظر؛ برخورد friction noun [ U ] US /ˈfrɪk·ʃən/ friction noun [U] (FORCE) Add to word list PHYSICS the force that works against an object as it slides along the surface of another object or moves through a liquid or gas: A gasoline engine loses over 70 percent of its energy to friction and heat. disagreement or unfriendliness caused by people having different opinions: There's a lot of friction between my wife and my mother. Politics is a source of considerable friction in our family. Border clashes have led to increased friction between the two countries.

Answer 717

simultaneous [siməlˈteiniəs, (American) sai-] ♦ adjective happening, or done, at exactly the same time: He fell, and there was a simultaneous gasp from the crowd. همزمان ˌsimulˈtaneously ♦ adverb . به طور همزمان simultaneous translator Simultandolmetscher(in) m (f) simultaneous translation Simultandolmetschen nt simultaneous gleichzeitig simultaneous zeitgleich simultaneous COMPUT gleichzeitig simultaneous COMPUT Simultan- simultaneous COMPUT simultan-

Answer 718

crucible [ˈkruːsibl] ♦ noun a pot in which metals etc may be melted: He heated the chemicals in a crucible in the laboratory. بوته؛ دیگ کوره

Answer 719

US UK AU triumph [ˈtraiamf] ♦ noun 1 a great victory or success: The battle ended in a triumph for the Romans. پیروزی 2 a state of happiness, celebration, pride etc after a success: They went home in triumph. جشن پیروزی ♦ verb to win a victory: The Romans triumphed (over their enemies). پیروز شدن triˈumphal ♦ adjective having to do with (a) triumph: a triumphal battle. پیروزمندانه؛ وابسته به پیروزی triˈumphant ♦ adjective (glad and excited because of) having won a victory, achieved something difficult etc : He gave a triumphant shout. پیروز؛ شادمان triˈumphantly ♦ adverb . پیروز مندانه

Answer 720

heed [hiːd] ♦ verb to pay attention to: He refused to heed my warning; Heed what I say! توجه كردن به ˈheedful ♦ adjective (with of ) paying attention to; responding to: heedful of danger. متوجه ˈheedless ♦ adjective (especially with of ) careless; paying no attention: Heedless of the danger, he ran into the burning building to rescue the girl. بی توجه ˈheedlessly ♦ adverb . با بی توجهی pay heed to, *take heed of Take heed of my warning; He paid no heed to me. توجه كردن به to heed a warning eine Warnung ernst nehmen to heed advice einen Rat befolgen [o. geh beherzigen] to pay heed to sth auf etw Akk hören to pay heed to sth, to take heed of sth auf etw Akk achten

Answer 721

fragile [ˈfrӕdʒail, (American) ˈfradʒəl] ♦ adjective easily broken: a fragile glass vase. شکستنی fraˈgility [-ˈdʒi-] ♦ noun . سستی “fragile” (on packages) „zerbrechlich“ to feel fragile sich Akk schwach fühlen happiness is a fragile thing das Glück ist eine unsichere Angelegenheit

Answer 722

bold [bəuld] ♦ adjective 1 daring or fearless: a bold plan of attack. نترس؛ متهور 2 striking and well-marked: a dress with bold stripes. برجسته 3 (of type) thick and clear, like this . درشت و خوانا ˈboldly ♦ adverb . با جسارت؛ گستاخانه ˈboldness ♦ noun . جسارت؛ بی پروایی bold as brass very cheeky: She walked in late as bold as brass. بسیار پر رو؛ گستاخ bold print Fettdruck m bold stroke mutiger Vorstoß as bold as brass frech wie Oskar ugs printed in bold type fett gedruckt in bold type in fetten Buchstaben bold brush strokes kühne Pinselstriche indicated in red/bold rot/fett eingezeichnet [o. gekennzeichnet] bold colours [or Am colors] kräftige Farben

Answer 723

predecessor [ˈpriːdisesə, (American) ˈpre-] ♦ noun 1 someone who has had a particular job or position before: He was my predecessor as manager. متصدی پیشین 2 an ancestor: My predecessors came from Scotland. جد pre-predecessor Vorvorgänger(in) mf pre-predecessor Vorvorläufer(in) mf

Answer 724

oath [əuθ]– plural oaths [ouθs ouðz] – ♦ noun 1 a solemn promise: He swore an oath to support the king. سوگند 2 a word or phrase used when swearing: curses and oaths. دشنام on/under oath having sworn an oath to tell the truth in a court of law: The witness is on/under oath. قسم خورده papal oath Papsteid m under oath unter Eid solemn oath heiliger Eid administration of an oath Vereidigung f to declare under oath unter Eid aussagen to be under oath unter Eid stehen to take the oath vereidigt werden to break one's oath seinen Schwur brechen

Answer 725

strife [straif] ♦ noun conflict, fighting or quarrelling: a country torn by strife; industrial strife (= disagreement between employers and workers). نزاع ethnic strife ethnische Unruhen pl industrial strife Auseinandersetzungen pl in der Industrie domestic strife häusliche Streitigkeiten pl civil strife Auseinandersetzungen pl in der Bevölkerung torn by internecine strife von vernichtenden internen Kämpfen zerrissen the recent elections took place without strife die derzeitigen Wahlen verliefen ohne Störungen the civil war is just the latest outbreak of fratricidal strife in that area der Bürgerkrieg ist nur der jüngste Ausbruch der inneren Zerrissenheit in diesem Gebiet

Answer 726

peril [ˈperil] ♦ noun great danger: You are in great peril; The explorers knew they would face many perils. خطر ˈperilous ♦ adjective very dangerous: a perilous journey. خطرناک ˈperilousness ♦ noun . مخاطره ˈperilously ♦ adverb dangerously: He came perilously close to death. بطور خطرناک to be in peril in Gefahr sein at one's peril auf eigene Gefahr the yellow peril beleidigend dated die gelbe Gefahr abw he is in peril of his life er ist in Lebensgefahr

Answer 727

stalk1 [stoːk] ♦ noun the stem of a plant or of a leaf, flower or fruit: If the stalk is damaged, the plant may die. ساقه گياه stalk verb UK /stɔːk/ US /stɑːk/ stalk verb (FOLLOW) [ T ] to follow an animal or person as closely as possible without being seen or heard, usually in order to catch or kill them: The police had been stalking the woman for a week before they arrested her. [ I or T ] to illegally follow and watch someone over a period of time: He had stalked her for several months before he was arrested. He was arrested for stalking. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples [ T ] literary If something unpleasant stalks a place, it appears there in a threatening way: When night falls, danger stalks the streets of the city. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases stalk verb (WALK) [ I + adv/prep ] to walk in an angry or proud way: She refused to accept that she was wrong and stalked furiously out of the room. rhubarb stalk Rhabarberstängel m to stalk a place einen Ort heimsuchen liter stalk of celery Selleriestange f tall blade/stalk langer Grashalm/Stängel

Answer 728

stalk1 [stoːk] ♦ noun the stem of a plant or of a leaf, flower or fruit: If the stalk is damaged, the plant may die. ساقه گياه stalk verb UK /stɔːk/ US /stɑːk/ stalk verb (FOLLOW) [ T ] to follow an animal or person as closely as possible without being seen or heard, usually in order to catch or kill them: The police had been stalking the woman for a week before they arrested her. [ I or T ] to illegally follow and watch someone over a period of time: He had stalked her for several months before he was arrested. He was arrested for stalking. Thesaurus: synonyms, antonyms, and examples [ T ] literary If something unpleasant stalks a place, it appears there in a threatening way: When night falls, danger stalks the streets of the city. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases stalk verb (WALK) [ I + adv/prep ] to walk in an angry or proud way: She refused to accept that she was wrong and stalked furiously out of the room. rhubarb stalk Rhabarberstängel m to stalk a place einen Ort heimsuchen liter stalk of celery Selleriestange f tall blade/stalk langer Grashalm/Stängel

Answer 729

defer1 [diˈfəː]– past tense, past participle deˈferred – ♦ verb to put off to another time: They can defer their departure. به تاخیر انداختن defer verb [ T ] UK /dɪˈfɜːr/ US /dɪˈfɝː/ -rr- Add to word list to delay something until a later time: My bank has agreed to defer the repayments on my loan. [ + -ing verb ] Can we defer making a decision until next week? defer verb [ T ] UK /dɪˈfɜːr/ US -rr- Add to word list to delay something until a later time: defer action/a decision The committee decided to defer a decision on the takeover bid until a later date. defer tax/payment defer doing sth The scheme enables investors to defer paying taxes on the gain. deferment noun [ C or U ] UK/dɪˈfɜːmənt/ US/-ˈfɝː-/ (also deferral) Cheaper graduate loans are available without the deferment option. to defer a decision eine Entscheidung vertagen to defer to sb's judgement sich Akk jds Urteil fügen

Answer 730

domestic [dəˈmestik] ♦ adjective 1 of or in the house or home: a domestic servant; domestic utensils. خانگی 2 concerning one's private life or family: domestic problems. خانوادگی 3 (of animals) tame and living with or used by people. اهلی؛ خانگی 4 not foreign: the Government's domestic policy. بومی؛ داخلی doˈmesticated [-keitid] ♦ adjective 1 (of animals) accustomed to living near and being used by people: Cows and sheep have been domesticated for many thousands of years. اهلی؛ خانگی 2 good at doing jobs associated with running a house: My husband has become very domesticated since I've been ill. اهل خانه و زندگی؛ خانه گرای doˌmestiˈcation ♦ noun . رام کردن؛ اهلی سازی domesticity [doumeˈstisəti] ♦ noun (fondness for) home life. خانه گرای domestic help (a person paid to give) assistance with housework etc . خدمتکار خانه domestic wines einheimische Weine domestic market Binnenmarkt m domestic mail Inlandspost f domestic routes Inlandsflüge pl domestic bliss häusliches Glück domestic discord häusliche Zwietracht domestic violence Gewalt f in der Familie domestic work Hausarbeit f domestic technology Haushaltstechnik f domestic product einheimisches Produkt [o. Erzeugnis] domestic trade Binnenhandel m domestic affairs innere [o. innenpolitische] Angelegenheiten domestic airline Inlandsfluggesellschaft f domestic considerations innenpolitische Erwägungen domestic policy Innenpolitik f domestic commitments familiäre Verpflichtungen

Answer 731

elusive adjective UK /iˈluː.sɪv/ US /iˈluː.sɪv/ Add to word list C2 difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember: The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. Success, however, remained elusive for her. elusive memories elusive memory schlechtes Gedächtnis elusive thought flüchtiger Gedanke elusive meaning schwer definierbare Bedeutung he was a very elusive person er war so jemand, der ständig ausweicht

Answer 732

foe [fəu] ♦ noun an enemy: He fought against the foe. دشمن

Answer 733

resentment noun [ C or U ] UK /rɪˈzent.mənt/ US /rɪˈzent.mənt/ Add to word list C2 a feeling of anger because you have been forced to accept something that you do not like: He harbours a deep resentment against his parents for his miserable childhood. This decision has caused resentment among some teachers. open resentment unverhohlene Abneigung to breed resentment Ärger hervorrufen all his resentment spilled out sein ganzer Ärger sprudelte aus ihm heraus to fuel sb's hatred/resentment jds Hass/Unmut schüren geh a prick of anxiety/resentment ein Anflug m von Angst/Groll to fan fears/passions/resentment Ängste/Leidenschaften/Ablehnung schüren [o. geh entfachen] the incident left a feeling of resentment der Vorfall hinterließ einen unangenehmen Nachgeschmack to stir up anger/interest/resentment Ärger/Interesse/Groll erregen

Answer 734

hatred noun [ U ] UK /ˈheɪ.trɪd/ US /ˈheɪ.trɪd/ Add to word list C1 an extremely strong feeling of dislike: What is very clear in these letters is Clark's passionate hatred of his father. The motive for this shocking attack seems to be racial hatred. unreasoning hatred grundloser Hass inveterate hatred tief verwurzelter Hass ineradicable hatred ohnmächtiger Hass intense hatred rasender Hass mortal hatred tödlicher Hass racial hatred Rassenhass m incitement of racial hatred Aufwiegelung f zum Rassenhass to stir up hatred Hass hervorrufen

Answer 735

perennial [pəˈreniəl] ♦ noun, ♦ adjective (a plant) which lasts for more than two years: Daffodils are perennial plants; They are perennials. چند سال زی adjective UK /pəˈren.i.əl/ US /pəˈren.i.əl/ Add to word list lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time: The film "White Christmas" is a perennial favourite. We face the perennial problem of not having enough money. perennial favourite Dauerbrenner m perennial problem ewiges Problem perennial beauty/truth unsterbliche Schönheit/Wahrheit hardy annual/perennial einjährige/mehrjährige [winterharte] Pflanze

Answer 736

perennial [pəˈreniəl] ♦ noun, ♦ adjective (a plant) which lasts for more than two years: Daffodils are perennial plants; They are perennials. چند سال زی adjective UK /pəˈren.i.əl/ US /pəˈren.i.əl/ Add to word list lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time: The film "White Christmas" is a perennial favourite. We face the perennial problem of not having enough money. perennial favourite Dauerbrenner m perennial problem ewiges Problem perennial beauty/truth unsterbliche Schönheit/Wahrheit hardy annual/perennial einjährige/mehrjährige [winterharte] Pflanze

Answer 737

perennial [pəˈreniəl] ♦ noun, ♦ adjective (a plant) which lasts for more than two years: Daffodils are perennial plants; They are perennials. چند سال زی adjective UK /pəˈren.i.əl/ US /pəˈren.i.əl/ Add to word list lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time: The film "White Christmas" is a perennial favourite. We face the perennial problem of not having enough money. perennial favourite Dauerbrenner m perennial problem ewiges Problem perennial beauty/truth unsterbliche Schönheit/Wahrheit hardy annual/perennial einjährige/mehrjährige [winterharte] Pflanze

Answer 738

setback noun [ C ] UK /ˈset.bæk/ US /ˈset.bæk/ Add to word list C1 something that happens that delays or prevents a process from developing: Sally had been recovering well from her operation, but yesterday she experienced/suffered a setback. There has been a slight/temporary setback in our plans.

Answer 739

adversary [ˈӕdvəsəri]– plural ˈadversaries – ♦ noun an opponent; an enemy: his adversary in the chess match. حریف؛ دشمن formidable adversary schwieriger Gegner/schwierige Gegnerin to come up against a powerful adversary SPORT auf einen starken Gegner treffen

Answer 740

inaugural adjective [ before noun ] UK /ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.rəl/ US /ɪˈnɑː.ɡjə.rəl/ Add to word list An inaugural speech is the first speech someone gives when starting an important new job: the president's inaugural address to the nation An inaugural event is the first in a series of planned events: the inaugural meeting of the archaeological society

Answer 741

sacred [ˈseikrid] ♦ adjective 1 of God or a god; (that must be respected because) connected with religion or with God or a god: Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings. مقدس 2 (of a duty etc ) which must be done etc eg because of respect for someone: He considered it a sacred duty to fulfil his dead father's wishes. مذهبي ˈsacredness ♦ noun . تقدس nothing is sacred (to him, *themetc ) he, they etc have no respect for anything. كسي كه براي هيچ چيز احترام قائل نيست

Answer 742

dissent [diˈsent] ♦ noun disagreement: There was a murmur of dissent. مخالفت ♦ verb (with from ) to disagree: I dissent from the general opinion. اختلاف عقیده داشتن disˈsension [-ʃən] ♦ noun disagreement: The proposal caused a great deal of dissension. اختلاف عقیده to tolerate no dissent keine Widerrede dulden voice of dissent Gegenstimme f tolerance of dissent Toleranz f gegenüber Andersdenkenden to brook [or tolerate] no dissent keinen Widerspruch dulden there is some dissent on this issue in dieser Angelegenheit ist man sich uneinig

Answer 743

pledge [pledʒ] ♦ noun 1 a promise: He gave me his pledge. قول 2 something given by a person who is borrowing money etc to the person he has borrowed it from, to be kept until the money etc is returned: He borrowed $20 and left his watch as a pledge. گرو 3 a sign or token: They exchanged rings as a pledge of their love. نشانه ♦ verb 1 to promise: He pledged his support. قول دادن 2 to give to someone when borrowing money etc : to pledge one's watch. گرو گذاشتن holder of a pledge FIN Pfandhalter(in) m (f) to redeem a pledge ein Pfand einlösen campaign pledge [or promise] Wahlversprechen nt to pledge support Unterstützung zusichern to pledge money Geld versprechen to pledge loyalty Treue schwören to make a pledge that ... geloben, dass ... to fulfil [or honour] a pledge ein Versprechen halten

Answer 744

trepidation noun [ U ] formal UK /ˌtrep.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌtrep.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/ Add to word list fear or worry about what is going to happen: We view future developments with some trepidation. a feeling of trepidation ein beklommenes Gefühl

Answer 745

mortgage [ˈmoːgidʒ] ♦ noun a legal agreement by which a sum of money is lent for the purpose of buying buildings, land etc . گرو گذاشتن ♦ verb to offer (buildings etc ) as security for a loan. گرو گذاشتن mortgage noun [ C ] UK /ˈmɔː.ɡɪdʒ/ US /ˈmɔːr.ɡɪdʒ/ Add to word list an agreement that allows you to borrow money from a bank or similar organization, especially in order to buy a house, or the amount of money itself: They took out a £400,000 mortgage (= they borrowed £400,000) to buy the house. a monthly mortgage payment certificated mortgage Buchhypothek f amortizable mortgage Tilgungshypothek f mortgage repossession Zwangsenteignung f mortgage payer Hypothekenzahler(in) m (f) chattel mortgage Mobiliarsicherheit f equitable mortgage formlose Hypothek mortgage claim Hypothekenforderung f mortgage rate Hypothekenzinsfuß m fachspr

Answer 746

inward [ˈinwəd] ♦ adjective 1 being within, especially in the mind: his inward thoughts. درونی 2 moving towards the inside: an inward curve in the coastline. درون سوی ˈinward, *ˈinwards ♦ adverb towards the inside or the centre: When one of the eyes turns inwards, we call the effect a squint. به طرف داخل ˈinwardly ♦ adverb in one's thoughts; secretly: He was inwardly pleased when she failed; She was laughing/groaning inwardly. باطناً؛ از ته دل inward trade Einfuhrhandel m inward room innen gelegener Raum inward duty Einfuhrzoll m inward passage Heimreise f inward life Seelenleben nt inward laughter innerliches Lachen inward parts ANAT innere Organe fachspr inward spot nach innen gehender [o. gerichteter] Strahler

Answer 747

titulieren ti·tu·lie·ren titulieren VERB (mit OBJ) jmd. tituliert jmdn. irgendwie geh. bezeichnen Der Angeklagte soll den Kläger als "Vollidioten" tituliert haben. Bedeutungen: [1] transitiv: selten: etwas, insbesondere einem Kunstwerk, Buch oder Aufsatz einen Titel geben, mit einer Überschrift versehen [2] transitiv: [a] veraltend: jemanden mit seinem Titel anreden [b] pejorativ: jemanden mit einem negativen Begriff bezeichnen Abkürzungen: titl. Herkunft: entlehnt von spätlateinisch titulare → la in gleicher Bedeutung, einer Ableitung zu lateinisch titulus → la „Titel“[1] Synonyme: [1] betiteln, benennen, bezeichnen [2a] anreden, ansprechen [2b] beschimpfen, heißen Oberbegriffe: [1, 2] nennen Beispiele: [1] "Überleg Dir doch das Glaubensbekenntnis etwas", hatte Engels schon am 24. November 1847 aus Paris geschrieben, "ich glaube, wir tun am besten, wir lassen die Katechismusform weg und titulieren das Ding: Kommunistisches Manifest."[2] [2a] Dass Máxima als Königin tituliert wird, bedeutet nicht, dass sie die mit dem Königsamt verbundenen Befugnisse und Verantwortlichkeiten hätte.[3] [2b] Im Sommer 1931 begann Dönhoff das Studium der Volkswirtschaft in Königsberg und wechselte zum Wintersemester an die Universität Frankfurt am Main, wo sie wegen ihrer Sympathie für die Linken als „Rote Gräfin“ tituliert wurde.[4] [2b] Was Erdoğan aber jetzt sagte, nämlich den Gründer der türkischen Republik als Säufer zu titulieren, das treibt auch die Kemalisten und Nationalisten auf die Straße, …[5] Charakteristische Wortkombinationen: [2b] abschätzig titulieren

Answer 748

to provoke a backlash eine Gegenreaktion heraufbeschwören

Answer 749

squeeze [skwiːz] ♦ verb 1 to press (something) together or from all sides tightly: He squeezed her hand affectionately; He squeezed the clay into a ball. به هم فشردن 2 to force (eg oneself) eg into or through a narrow space: The dog squeezed himself / his body into the hole; We were all squeezed into the back seat of the car. فشارآوردن 3 to force something, eg liquid, out of something by pressing: She squeezed the oranges (into a jug); We might be able to squeeze some more money/information out of him. عصاره چيزي را گرفتن ♦ noun 1 an act of squeezing: He gave his sister an affectionate squeeze. فشردگي 2 a condition of being squeezed: We all got into the car, but it was a squeeze. فشار 3 a few drops produced by squeezing. مضيقه 4 a time of financial restriction: an economic squeeze. انقباض اقتصادي ˈsqueezer ♦ noun an instrument for squeezing: a lemon squeezer. فشار دهنده squeeze up to move closer together: Could you all squeeze up on the bench and make room for me? به زور جا دادن /skwēz/ n., vi., vt. ● به هم فشردن،(از دو یا چند سو) فشار دادن،فشردن،شپیلیدن،افشردن to squeeze the trigger ماشه را فشردن my father squeezed me in his arms پدرم مرا در آغوش خود فشرد. he squeezed my arm and said, "look at that man!" بازویم را فشرد و گفت ((آن آقا را ببین‌!)) ● چلاندن،(با فشار) خارج کردن to squeeze water from a sponge آب اسفنج را چلاندن to squeeze a pomegranate and extract its juice انار را چلاندن و آب آنرا گرفتن squeeze the clothes well and hang them on the line! رخت‌ها را خوب بچلان و از بند آویزان کن‌! ● چپاندن،(با فشار) داخل کردن she squeezed her hand into the hole دستش را توی سوراخ چپاند. the driver squeezed eight passengers into his taxi راننده هشت مسافر را در تاکسی خود چپاند. ● چپیدن،(با فشار) داخل شدن،به سختی عبور کردن we squeezed into his small room چپیدیم توی اتاق کوچک او the fat lady squeezed through the door خانم چاق به سختی از در رد شد. ● تحت فشار قرار دادن،اجحاف کردن،(به کسی) چپاندن،به زور گرفتن،در مضیقه قرار دادن،در تنگنا گذاشتن heavy taxes were squeezing the farmers مالیات‌های سنگین کشاورزان را تحت فشار قرار داده بود. creditors squeezed his lands from him طلبکاران زمین‌های او را به زور از او گرفتند. imported products squeezed the country's factories کالاهای وارداتی کارخانه‌های کشور را در تنگنا قرار می‌دادند. ... give or else the tyrant will squeeze it out of you ... بده ورنه ستمگر به زور بستاند ● بغل،آغوش ● در آغوش گرفتن ● فشار (به ویژه از چند سو) Homa gave the toothpase a squeeze هما به خمیر دندان فشار داد. Arianne gave my hand a gentle squeeze آرین دستم را به نرمی فشار داد. a financial squeeze فشار مالی ● اخاذی ● افشره،آب میوه،مقدار کم (که در اثر چلاندن به دست آید)،چند چکه،چند قطره a squeeze of lemon چند قطره آب لیمو ● تنگنا،تنگی جا it was a tight squeeze but we got everyone into the car جا تنگ بود ولی همگی را در اتومبیل جا دادیم. ● کمبود،کمداشت،مضیقه،تنگدستی a manpower squeeze کمبود نیروی انسانی housing squeeze کمبود مسکن * main squeeze دوست دختر،معشوقه * put the squeeze on someone کسی را تحت فشار قرار دادن * squeeze through (or by) (عامیانه) با اشکال یا امتیاز بسیار کم قبول شدن یا برنده شدن یا عبور کردن credit squeeze Kreditrestriktionen pl profit squeeze Verminderung f der Gewinnspanne to squeeze out ⇆ juice Saft auspressen to squeeze a tear eine Träne [im Auge] zerdrücken a squeeze on spending eine Beschränkung der Ausgaben to squeeze under sth sich Akk unter etw Dat durchzwängen a squeeze of lemon ein Spritzer m Zitronensaft to squeeze a sponge einen Schwamm ausdrücken

Answer 750

truancy noun [ U ] UK /ˈtruː.ən.si/ US /ˈtruː.ən.si/ (UK also truanting) Add to word list the problem or situation of children being absent from school regularly without permission: My daughter's school has very good exam results and hardly any truancy. Truanting was a serious problem in a fifth of the schools surveyed. truant [ˈtruənt] ♦ noun someone who stays away from school etc without permission: The truants were caught and sent back to school. فراری از مدرسه ˈtruancy ♦ noun Truancy is a great problem in some schools. مدرسه گریزی play truant to be a truant and stay away from school etc : He was always playing truant (from school). از مدرسه فرار کردن

Answer 751

predestined adjective UK /ˌpriːˈdes.tɪnd/ US /ˌpriːˈdes.tɪnd/ Add to word list If an action or event is predestined, it is controlled by God or by fate: It seems the expedition is predestined to fail because there have been so many problems.

Answer 752

queue [kjuː] ♦ noun a line of people waiting for something or to do something: a queue for the bus. صف ♦ verb to stand in a queue: We had to queue to get into the cinema; We had to queue for the cinema. صف ایستادن queue up to form, or stand in, a queue: We queued up for tickets. در صف ایستادن A braid (noun) Synonyms: pony tail plait pigtail A series (noun) Synonyms: line file column chain tail braid rank waiting line cue row order string pigtail pigtail (of hair) tier plait sequence succession Antonyms: disorganization

Answer 753

crisis [ˈkraisis]– plural ˈcrises [-siːz] – ♦ noun 1 a deciding moment or turning-point (especially of an illness): Although she is still very ill, she has passed the crisis. اوج بیماری؛ بحبوحه 2 a time of great danger or difficulty: a crisis such as the recent flooding; You can rely on her in a crisis. بحران

Answer 754

injure [ˈindʒə] ♦ verb to harm or damage: He injured his arm when he fell; They were badly injured when the car crashed; A story like that could injure his reputation; His pride has been injured. آسیب رساندن ˈinjured ♦ adjective 1 (also noun ) (people who have been) wounded or harmed: The injured (people) were all taken to hospital after the accident. مصدوم 2 (of feelings, pride etc ) hurt: `Why didn't you tell me before?' he said in an injured voice. آزرده injurious [inˈdʒuəriəs] ♦ adjective (with to ) harmful: Smoking is injurious to one's health. مضر ˈinjury– plural ˈinjuries – ♦ noun (an instance of) harm or damage: Badly designed chairs can cause injury to the spine; The motorcyclist received severe injuries in the crash. آسیب o cause physical damage to (verb) Synonyms: hurt wound damage harm To spoil the soundness or perfection of (verb) Synonyms: damage harm hurt impair mar blemish detract from abuse disserve affront flaw assault bruise disfigure prejudice insult maim tarnish maltreat vitiate offend spoil wound wrong to injure sb/oneself jdn/sich verletzen to injure one's back/leg sich Dat den Rücken/das Bein verletzen to injure one's health seiner Gesundheit schaden to injure one's back/leg sich Dat den Rücken/das Bein verletzen

Answer 755

[ikˈsepSHən] noun - exception استثنا: exception استثناء: exception, exclusion, reservation اعتراض: protest, objection, defiance, protestation, exception The act of excepting (noun) Synonyms: exclusion omission making an exception of rejection barring reservation leaving-out ruling out noninclusion debarment segregation limitation exemption elimination repudiation excusing elision Antonyms: approval inclusion acceptance That which is excepted (noun) Synonyms: allowance anomaly demur oddity quirk irregularity peculiarity challenge special case difference expostulation exemption objection nonconformity privilege protest dispensation complaint waiver protestation deviation remonstrance eccentricity rarity exclusion remonstration squawk kick offense omission Antonyms: allowance custom admittal rule admittance norm inclusion

Answer 756

fasten [ˈfaːsn] ♦ verb to fix or join (together): Fasten the gate!; She fastened a flower to the front of her dress; He fastened his eyes upon her face. بستن ˈfastener ♦ noun something that fastens things (together): a zip-fastener. وصل کننده؛ بست To join two or more things (verb) Synonyms: couple connect affix attach clip combine fix moor secure Antonyms: unfasten release loosen disconnect open detach unlock unlink unchain To join two or more things (verb) Synonyms: couple connect affix attach clip combine fix moor secure to fasten sth etw schließen [o. ugs zumachen] to fasten a button/coat einen Knopf/Mantel zumachen to fasten one's seat belt sich Akk anschnallen

Answer 757

last verb [ I, L only + noun ] UK /lɑːst/ US /læst/ B1 to continue to exist: The meeting lasted two hours. The drought lasted for several months. They say the snow will last until the end of next week. I can't see the ceasefire lasting. They haven't had an argument for two weeks, but it's too good to last (= they'll have an argument soon). I doubt their enthusiasm will last. He's working very efficiently at the moment, but it won't last. C1 to continue being good or suitable: There's no point buying something that isn't going to last. The cheaper washing machines should last about five years. This pen should last (you) a lifetime if you take care of it. Her previous secretary only lasted a month (= left after this period)

Answer 758

adjective - fed-up سیروبیزار: fed-up رنجیده: angry, indignant, sulky, glum, fed-up بیزار: weary, loath, averse, tired, hateful, fastidious * I'm fed up with him always preaching to me. خسته شدم از نصیحت کردن هاش. Out of patience with (adjective) Synonyms: tired disgusted sick tired of sick of weary Antonyms: happy overjoyed pleased

Answer 759

profound [prəˈfaund] ♦ adjective 1 deep: profound sleep. عمیق 2 showing great knowledge or understanding: a profound remark. پر محتوا proˈfoundly ♦ adverb . عمیقاً proˈfundity [-ˈfan-] ♦ noun . عمق؛ ژرف اندیشی Physically deep (adjective) Synonyms: deep fathomless abysmal bottomless sound subterranean wakeless heavy Antonyms: superficial shallow slight stupid ignorant Emotionally deep (adjective) Synonyms: intense strong heartfelt deep deep-felt great Antonyms: shallow slight stupid superficial ignorant mild moderate unemotional rofound knowledge umfassendes [o. geh profundes] Wissen profound ignorance völlige Unwissenheit profound distress großes Leid profound anger tief sitzende Wut profound thoughts tiefschürfende Gedanken profound truth/wisdom tiefe Wahrheit/Weisheit he was endued with profound knowledge er war mit einem profunden Wissen begabt liter iron that was very profound of you das war sehr tiefsinnig von dir iron

Answer 760

alter [ˈoːltə] ♦ verb to make or become different; to change: Will you alter this dress (to fit me)?; The town has altered a lot in the last two years. تغییر دادن ˌalteˈration ♦ noun The alterations he has made to the play have not improved it. تغییر circumstances alter cases es kommt auf die Umstände an to alter clothes Kleidungsstücke umarbeiten [o. ändern] things will soon alter for the better die Dinge werden sich bald zum Besseren wenden that doesn't alter the fact that ... das ändert nichts an der Tatsache, dass ... Insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby (verb) Synonyms: adjusting falsifying reconstructing remodeling interpolating modifying Antonyms: maintaining fixing continuing sustaining Cause to change; make different; cause a transformation (verb) Synonyms: varying modifying changing turning decaying commuting transmuting transmogrifying transforming transfiguring tampering swerving spaying revising revamping redoing neutering modulating

Answer 761

journal [ˈdʒəːnl] ♦ noun 1 a magazine or other regularly published paper (eg of a society): the British Medical Journal. نشریه؛ مجله 2 a diary giving an account of each day's activities. دفتر رویدادهای روزانه ˈjournalism ♦ noun the business of running, or writing for, newspapers or magazines. روزنامه نگاری ˈjournalist ♦ noun a writer for a newspaper, magazine etc . روزنامه نگار ˌjournaˈlistic ♦ adjective (of style of writing) like that of a journalist, colourful and racy. ژورنالیستی A daily record (noun) Synonyms: record diary account almanac annals chronicle daybook memoir yearbook scrapbook jottings reminiscence contemporary account annual chronology periodical log commonplace-book publication blotter register daily calendar daily register datebook day book notes minutes ephemeris transactions observations gazette album ledger logbook notebook magazine memento reminder newspaper observation organ paper hotbox annal tabloid More words A periodical (noun) Synonyms: magazine publication review organ weekly monthly quarterly annual daily

Answer 762

oversight [ˈəuvəsait] ♦ noun a failure to notice: Due to an oversight, we have not paid the bill. غفلت An act or instance of neglecting (noun) Synonyms: disregard neglect slight Failure, omission (noun) Synonyms: error failure inadvertence lapse overlooking mistake omission care blunder carelessness charge connivance control default disregard inattention inspection neglect negligence skip slipup superintendence supervision surveillance Antonyms: care remembrance recollection attention success oversight Versehen nt by an oversight aus Versehen

Answer 763

wonky adjective UK /ˈwɒŋ.ki/ US /ˈwɑːŋ.ki/ wonky adjective (NOT FIRM/LEVEL/REGULAR) Add to word list mainly UK informal weak, unsatisfactory, or not firm: One of the legs on this chair is a bit wonky. He may have to stop playing tennis because of his wonky knee. The jury system may be a bit wonky but nobody's ever thought of anything better. mainly UK informal not straight or level: wonky teeth a wonky picture I don't enjoy those programmes with wonky camera angles and pop music. mainly UK informal (of fruit or vegetables) not of a regular shape, or different in shape to what is usual: The rules have been changed on the sale of wonky vegetables. You’ll sometimes find wonky carrots that are a bit crooked, wonky parsnips that might be extra pointy and wonky fruit that comes in different shapes and sizes. Turned or twisted toward one side; - G.K.Chesterton (adjective) Synonyms: askew awry cockeyed lopsided skew-whiff Inclined to shake as from weakness or defect (adjective) Synonyms: rickety wobbly shaky

Answer 764

nuclease noun [ C ] BIOLOGY specialized UK /ˈnjuː.klɪ.eɪz/ US /ˈnuː.klɪˌeɪs/ Add to word list a type of enzyme (= a chemical in cells) that can divide a nucleic acid into its basic parts a type of enzyme (= chemical in cells) that can divide a nucleic acid into its basic parts

Answer 765

vulnerable [ˈvalnərəbl] ♦ adjective unprotected against attack; liable to be hurt or damaged: Small animals are often vulnerable to attack. آسیب پذیر ˌvulneraˈbility ♦ noun . آسیب پذیری Tending to incur (adjective) Synonyms: liable defenseless unprotected open unsafe susceptible exposed assailable weak helpless accessible prone subject insecure unguarded susceptive Open to attack and capture because of a lack of protection (adjective) Synonyms: assailable attackable pregnable vincible Antonyms: protected guarded secure safe closed invulnerable

Answer 766

crop [krop] ♦ noun 1 a plant which is farmed and harvested: a fine crop of rice; We grow a variety of crops, including cabbages, wheat and barley. محصول 2 a short whip used when horse-riding. شلاق سوارکاری 3 a (short) haircut: a crop of red hair. موی کوتاه 4 (of certain birds) the first stomach, which hangs like a bag from the neck. کیسه ای که از گردن برخی پرندگان آویزان است ♦ verb– past tense, past participle cropped – to cut or nibble short: The sheep crop the grass. چریدن؛ کوتاه کردن crop up to happen unexpectedly: I'm sorry I'm late, but something important cropped up. ناگهان رخ دادن

Answer 767

[ˈTHôrnē] adjective - thorny موجب ناراحتی: thorny خار دار: hispid, barbed, setaceous, thorny, horrent, acanthaceous خار مانند: spinous, thorny, acanthoid, thornlike تیغستان: thorny تیغ تیغی: thornyv Full of sharp needlelike protuberances (adjective) Synonyms: briery echinate prickly pricky spiny thistly Antonyms: dull smooth unpointed Thick with thorns (adjective) Synonyms: barbed prickly spiny bristly briery nettlesome sharp bristled setaceous annoying stinging thistly controversial difficult echinated barbellate pointed spiky briary problematic echinate spined sticky tough burred tricky troublesome burry unpleasant vexatious setose Antonyms: smooth soft

Answer 768

enrich [inˈritʃ] ♦ verb to improve the quality of: Fertilizers enrich the soil; Reading enriches the mind; an enriching (= useful and enjoyable) experience. غنی کردن o make fertile (verb) Synonyms: enhance adorn decorate ameliorate improve fertilize supplement fecundate augment beautify embellish endow expand fatten add to fortify garnish lard ornament upgrade Improve, embellish (verb) Synonyms: richen Antonyms: deprive impoverish decrease deplete reduce take

Answer 769

notion [ˈnəuʃən] ♦ noun 1 understanding: I've no notion what he's talking about. انديشه 2 an uncertain belief; an idea: He has some very odd notions. نظريه 3 a desire for something or to do something: He had a sudden notion to visit his aunt. فکرى Opinion (noun) Synonyms: opinion idea feeling belief sentiment conviction assumption mind impression persuasion position view Conception (noun) Synonyms: concept whim idea conception conceit inkling fancy intimation understanding perception impression insight image knowledge inclination thought belief imagination (colloq.) knicknack apprehension bibelot caprice clue consciousness mental apprehension desire device disposition theory indication hint intuition comprehension penetration discernment intention judgment knickknack whimsy opinion vagary view whimsicality whimsey Antonyms: need misconceived notion falsche Vorstellung a preconceived idea [or notion] eine vorgefasste Meinung to not have the foggiest [idea [or notion]] ugs keine blasse [o. nicht die leiseste] Ahnung haben to [not] buy into the notion that ... [nicht] die Ansicht teilen, dass ... to have [or take] a notion to do sth dated ein Bedürfnis verspüren, etw zu tun have you any notion how much the car costs? hast du irgendeine Vorstellung davon, was das Auto kostet? I haven't the faintest notion [of] what you're talking about ich habe nicht die leiseste Ahnung, wovon du redest I have a faint idea [or notion] that I've heard that name before ich meine, [mich daran erinnern zu können], den Namen schon einmal gehört zu haben

Answer 770

insert [inˈsəːt] ♦ verb to put or place (something) in: He inserted the money in the parking meter; An extra chapter has been inserted into the book; They inserted the announcement in the newspaper. قرار دادن inˈsertion [-ʃən] ♦ noun . قرار گیری در داخل چیزی An artifact that is inserted or is to be inserted (noun) Synonyms: inset enclosure inlay supplement intercalation new material interjection interpolation To put in (verb) Synonyms: slip-in stick in implant enter post tuck record place-in register sneak-in Antonyms: remove take out withdraw to insert a suppository ein Zäpfchen einführen to insert a probe eine Sonde einführen insert the key into the lock stecken Sie den Schlüssel ins Schloss to insert sth [into [or in] sth] (into text) etw [in etw Dat ] ergänze

Answer 771

trait [treit] ♦ noun a particular quality of a person's character: Patience is one of his good traits. خصلت A distinctive element (noun) Synonyms: characteristic quality attribute feature peculiarity habit custom idiosyncrasy mark mannerism quirk property manner character hallmark lineament oddity trick particularity savor point tendency More words A distinguishing feature, as of a person's character. (noun) Synonyms: quality genetic trait genetisches Merkmal character trait Charakterzug m Virgoan trait Charakterzug m der Jungfrau eye colour is a genetic trait die Augenfarbe ist erblich bedingt

Answer 772

reliably adverb UK /rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bli/ US /rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bli/ Add to word list in a way that can be trusted or believed: I am reliably informed that you have been talking about resigning from the company. The festival now reliably sells out every year. In a faithful manner (adverb) Synonyms: faithfully dependably Antonyms: unreliably unfaithfully undependably Synonyms: (adjective) assuredly presumably certainly

Answer 773

[həˈrediˌterē] adjective - hereditary ارثی: hereditary, congenital, patrimonial, successive, sex-linked Of or from one's ancestors (adjective) Synonyms: ancestral inherited patrimonial Possessed at birth (adjective) Synonyms: inherited innate ancestral genetic congenital inborn native patrimonial transmissible family familial inheritable paternal lineal transmitted Antonyms: acquired

Answer 774

breeding noun [ U ] UK /ˈbriː.dɪŋ/ US /ˈbriː.dɪŋ/ breeding noun [U] (ANIMALS) Add to word list the keeping of animals or plants in order to breed from them: The family's business was horse-breeding. We used to keep pigs for breeding purpose the process in which animals have sex and produce young animals: The penguins' breeding season has begun. The process by which an organism produces others of its kind (noun) Synonyms: reproduction procreation rearing nurture multiplication upbringing begetting behavior proliferation civility conduct culture descent propagation development bringing-up education eugenics extraction genealogy fostering generation instruction line spawning manners fosterage mating origin increase prolification beekeeping cattle-ranching schooling stirpiculture raising dairy-farming training dressage endogamy engenderment gentlemanliness facts-of-life ladylikeness linebreeding mink-ranching outbreeding pig-keeping sheepherding stockbreeding zootechny More words Have young (animals) or reproduce (organisms) (verb) Synonyms: raising propagating growing multiplying keeping rearing developing cultivating

Answer 775

in vitro adjective [ before noun ], adverb UK /ˌɪn ˈviː.trəʊ/ US /ˌɪn ˈviː.troʊ/ Add to word list happening outside the body in artificial conditions, often in a test tube: Scientists are studying these cells in vitro. in vitro experiments

Answer 776

[ˌfərtl-iˈzāSHən] noun - fertilization لقاح: fertilization, fecundation, impregnation, zygosis عمل کود دادن: fertilization The enrichment of land (noun) Synonyms: manuring dressing preparation covering liming mulching spreading enrichment soil amendment Impregnation of the ovum (noun) Synonyms: fecundation fertilisation impregnation insemination pollination implantation breeding propagation generation procreation conjugation begetting artificial-insemination in-vitro-fertilization ivf

Answer 777

procedure [prəˈsiːdʒə] ♦ noun the order or method of doing something: They followed the usual procedure(s). شیوه؛ روش proˈcedural ♦ adjective . مربوط به شیوه کار Method (noun) Synonyms: method approach process course modus operandi routine mode technique fashion protocol attack accouterment style line custom formula measure methodology plan policy tack subroutine program regimen rigmarole subprogram step function More words An action calculated to achieve an end (noun) Synonyms: maneuver measure move step tactic

Answer 778

[fərˈtilitē] noun - fertility باروری: fertility, fecundity, productivity, fruition حاصلخیزی: fertility, productivity, fecundity, luxuriance Reproductive capacity (noun) Synonyms: fecundity richness prolificacy fruitfulness productiveness prolificness productivity potency virility pregnancy gravidity generative capacity rankness Antonyms: infertility sterility barrenness childlessness emptiness aridity Ingenuity (noun) Synonyms: resourcefulness imagination inventiveness

Answer 779

[ˈmenstr(o͞o)əl] adjective - menstrual وابسته به قاعده گی: menstrual [menˈstrā-,ˌmenstro͞oˈāSHən] noun - menstruation حیض: menstruation قاعدگی زنان: menstruation, menstrual period, menses خونریزی رحم: menses, menstruation, monthly دشتان: menstruation طمی: menses, menstruation, period

Answer 780

tailor [ˈteilə] ♦ noun a person who cuts and makes suits, overcoats etc : He has his clothes made by a London tailor. خیاط ♦ verb 1 to make and fit (suits, coats etc ): He has his suits tailored in London. خیاطی کردن 2 to make (something) fit the circumstances; to adapt: He tailored his way of living to his income. سازگار کردن ˌtailor-ˈmade ♦ adjective 1 (especially of women's clothes) made by a tailor to fit a person exactly. خیاط دوخته 2 very well suited or adapted for some purpose: His new job seems tailor-made for him. ساخته شده Create (clothes) with cloth (verb) Synonyms: sewn fashioned conformed adjusted sewed styled suited adapted squared shaped reconciled fitted modified designed altered accommodated acclimatized acclimated (of clothing) custom-made (adjective) Synonyms: tailor-made made-to-measure bespoke simple trim bespoken specially fit made-to-orde

Answer 781

ovary [ˈəuvəri]– plural ˈovaries – ♦ noun the part of the female body in which eggs are formed. تخمدان ovulate verb [ I ] UK /ˈɒv.jə.leɪt/ US /ˈɑː.vjuː.leɪt/ Add to word list (of a woman or female animal) to produce an egg from which a baby can be formed: Some women take drugs to help them ovulate.

Answer 782

incubate [ˈiŋkjubeit] ♦ verb 1 to produce (young birds) from eggs by sitting on them or by keeping them warm by some other means. روی تخم خوابیدن؛ جوجه آوردن 2 (of germs or disease) to develop until signs of the disease appear: How long does chickenpox take to incubate? بروز کردن ˌincuˈbation ♦ noun . جوجه کشی؛ نهفتگی ˈincubator ♦ noun a heated box-like apparatus for hatching eggs or a similar one for rearing premature babies etc . دستگاهی که کودک نارس در آن قرار می گیرد؛ دستگاه جوجه کشی

Answer 783

uterus [ˈjuːtərəs] ♦ noun the womb. رحم

Answer 784

pelvis [ˈpelvis] ♦ noun the framework of bone around the body below the waist. لگن خاصره ˈpelvic ♦ adjective . لگنی

Answer 785

catheter noun [ C ] UK /ˈkæθ.ə.tər/ US /ˈkæθ.ə.t̬ɚ/ Add to word list a long, very thin tube used to take liquids out of the body

Answer 786

[blōt] noun - bloat نفخ: bloat, wind, emphysema, distension, flatus verb - bloat باد کردن: perk, inflate, bloat, distend, fluff, heave

Answer 787

spot [spot] ♦ noun 1 a small mark or stain (made by mud, paint etc ): She was trying to remove a spot of grease from her skirt. لكه 2 a small, round mark of a different colour from its background: His tie was blue with white spots. خال 3 a pimple or red mark on the skin caused by an illness etc : She had measles and was covered in spots. جوش 4 a place or small area, especially the exact place (where something happened etc ): There was a large number of detectives gathered at the spot where the body had been found. جا 5 a small amount: Can I borrow a spot of sugar? ذره ♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈspotted – 1 to catch sight of: She spotted him eventually at the very back of the crowd. ديدن 2 to recognize or pick out: No-one watching the play was able to spot the murderer. فهميدن ˈspotless ♦ adjective very clean: a spotless kitchen. ˈspotlessly ♦ adverb . ˈspotlessness ♦ noun . ˈspotted ♦ adjective marked or covered with spots: Her dress was spotted with grease; a spotted tie. ˈspotty ♦ adjective (of people) covered with spots: a spotty face / young man. ˈspottiness ♦ noun . spot check an inspection made without warning, especially on items chosen at random from a group: We only found out about the flaw during a spot check on goods leaving the factory. بازرسي اتفاقي ˈspotlight ♦ noun (a lamp for projecting) a circle of light that is thrown on to a small area. ♦ verb– past tense, past participle ˈspotlit, ~ˈspotlighted – 1 to light with a spotlight: The stage was spotlit. 2 to show up clearly or draw attention to: The incident spotlighted the difficulties with which we were faced. in a spot in trouble: His failure to return the papers on time put her in a spot. دچار مشكل شدن on the spot 1 at once: She liked it so much that she bought it on the spot; (also adjective ) an on-the-spot decision. بلا فاصله 2 in the exact place referred to; in the place where one is needed: It was a good thing you were on the spot when he had his heart attack; (also adjective ) tour on-the-spot reporter. در محل 3 (especially with put ) in a dangerous, difficult or embarrassing position: The interviewer's questions really put the Prime Minister on the spot. در موقعيت خطر spot on very accurate or exactly on the target: His description of Mary was spot on! دقيق

Answer 788

cramp [krӕmp] ♦ noun (a) painful stiffening of the muscles: The swimmer got cramp and drowned. گرفتگی عضله ♦ verb 1 to put into too small a space: We were all cramped together in a tiny room. چپاندن؛ انباشتن 2 to restrict; Lack of money cramped our efforts . محدود کردن

Answer 789

[ˌkänstəˈpāSHən] noun - constipation یبوست: constipation, irregularity

Answer 790

determine [diˈtəːmin] ♦ verb 1 to fix or settle; to decide: He determined his course of action. معیین کردن؛ مشخص کردن 2 to find out exactly: He tried to determine what had gone wrong. دقیقاً مشخص کردن؛ معلوم کردن deˌtermiˈnation ♦ noun 1 firmness of character or stubbornness: She showed her determination by refusing to give way. عزم راسخ؛ ارادۀ محکم 2 the act of determining. تعیین؛ معیین سازی deˈtermined ♦ adjective 1 having one's mind made up: She is determined to succeed. مصمم؛ قاطع 2 stubborn: He's very determined. سمج؛ قد 3 fixed or settled: Our route has already been determined. مشخص؛ معیین o make a decision about (a controversy or dispute, for example) after deliberation, as in a court of law (verb) Synonyms: decide adjudge adjudicate arbitrate decree judge referee rule umpire To find out the facts (verb) Synonyms: ascertain learn discover find out find settle check hear see square-off watch square-up Antonyms: miss overlook

Answer 791

devastate [ˈdevəsteit] ♦ verb 1 to leave in ruins: The fire devastated the countryside. خراب کردن؛ ویران کردن 2 to overwhelm (a person) with grief: She was devastated by the terrible news. گیج و سراسیمه کردن؛ خورد کردن ˈdevastating ♦ adjective overwhelming: a devastating flood; The news was devastating. ویرانگر؛ خوردکننده To lay waste (verb) Synonyms: ravage desolate waste destroy demolish desecrate despoil lay waste to overwhelm pillage plunder ruin sack stun wreck scourge Antonyms: help build improve construct enrich To make helpless (verb) Synonyms: overwhelm confound crush

Answer 792

[ˈgro͞oəliNG] adjective - grueling خسته کننده: boring, tedious, monotonous, grueling, tiresome, wearisome فرساینده: grueling, gruelling تنبیه کننده: grueling, gruelling noun - grueling تنبیه: punishment, chastisement, talking to, gruelling Difficult (adjective) Synonyms: exhausting tiring fatiguing Antonyms: easy facile Characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort (adjective) Synonyms: arduous hard punishing gruelling brutal demanding difficult backbreaking fierce heavy strenuous taxing laborious tiring operose

Answer 793

upbringing [ˈapbriŋiŋ] ♦ noun (an example of) the process of bringing up a child: He had a stern upbringing. تربیت Helping someone grow up to be an accepted member of the community (noun) Synonyms: bringing-up rearing nurture training breeding

Answer 794

[ˈvīəbəl] adjective - viable قابل دوام: viable مناسب رشد و ترقی: viable ماندنی: lasting, viable, permanent, fixed زیست پذیر: viable زنده ماندنی: viable Capable of occurring or being done (adjective) Synonyms: feasible possible practicable workable applicable doable executable living reasonable Antonyms: impossible unachievable unreasonable unpractical Capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable: (adjective) Synonyms: possible viable alternative durchführbare Alternative to be economically viable wirtschaftlich überlebensfähig sein to be financially viable finanziell rentabel sein not commercially viable nicht rentabel

Answer 795

akyərəsē] noun - accuracy دقت: accuracy, precision, resolution, attention, punctuality, exactitude صحت: accuracy, correctness, authenticity, validity, veracity, precision درستی: accuracy, truth, correctness, integrity, validity, precision The state of being without error (noun) Synonyms: exactness exactitude correctness accurateness precision preciseness rightness exactingness fussiness criticalness finickiness literalness textualism precisianism particularness The quality of precision or deftness (noun) Synonyms: exactness correctness truth precision preciseness skill exactitude efficiency one-for-one targeting skillfulness fidelity sharpness mastery dependability veraciousness strictness certainty veracity sureness dotting-the-i-s-and-crossing-the-t-s veridicality verity Antonyms: inaccuracy imprecision erroneousness sloppiness mistake incompetence falsehood unerring accuracy Treffsicherheit f historical accuracy Geschichtstreue f pinpoint accuracy of missile, shot hohe Zielgenauigkeit predictive accuracy [or value] Vorhersagegenauigkeit f to be a stickler for accuracy/punctuality pingelig auf Genauigkeit/Pünktlichkeit achten

Answer 796

incorporate [inˈkoːpəreit] ♦ verb to contain or include as part of the whole: The shopping centre incorporates a library and a bank. در بر گرفتن؛ ضمیمه کردن inˈcorporated ♦ adjective (often abbreviated to Inc., ~inc. ) formed into a company, corporation etc : The name of our company is `Field Services, Incorporated'. متحد شده؛ به ثبت رسیده to incorporate a company eine Firma [als Kapitalgesellschaft] eintragen to incorporate into sth einpflanzen in etw. to incorporate a city into a county eine Stadt in einen Verwaltungsbezirk eingemeinden try to incorporate these ideas into your work versuche, diese Gedanken in deiner Arbeit aufzunehmen To include (verb) Synonyms: add to build in combine contain fuse integrate comprise Antonyms: exclude separate drop divide To organize (verb) Synonyms: integrate combine include embody unite form a company charter absorb assimilate associate blend start a business form fuse consolidate join link merge Antonyms: disintegrate

Answer 797

ratio [ˈreiʃiəu]– plural ˈratios – ♦ noun the amount or proportion of one thing compared to another: There is a ratio of two girls to one boy in this class. نسبت One in a series used for measurement (noun) Synonyms: quota quotient Percentage, relation to whole (noun) Synonyms: proportion correlation degree distribution fraction percent percentage quota quotient rate relation share Antonyms: whole

Answer 798

sample [ˈsaːmpl] ♦ noun a part taken from something to show the quality of the whole: samples of the artist's work; (also adjective ) a sample tube of ointment. نمونه ♦ verb to test a sample of: He sampled my cake. نمونه گرفتن از One that is representative of a group or class (noun) Synonyms: example illustration instance specimen case archetype cross-section exemplar exemplification representative microcosm pattern prototype replica swatch To inspect with care (verb) Synonyms: test inspect

Answer 799

surrogate [ˈsarəgeit] ♦ noun a person or thing that is considered or used as a substitute for another person or thing. جانشين surrogate ˈmother ♦ noun a woman who has a baby for another woman who is unable to have babies. مادر جانشين One that takes the place of another (noun) Synonyms: substitute alternate replacement stand-in fill-in pinch hitter sub Person or thing that acts as substitute (noun) Synonyms: deputy alternate delegate proxy substitute replacement representative backup expedient Antonyms: real

Answer 800

[ˌ(h)wät-,ˌ(h)wətsōˈevər] pronoun - whatsoever هر چه: whatever, what, whatsoever ابدا: nothing, whatsoever, none, anything بهیچ وجه: none, whatsoever adjective - whatsoever هیچگونه: any, whatsoever conjunction - whatsoever هر قدر: whatever, whatsoever, howsoever One or some or every or all without specification (adjective) Synonyms: any whatever

Answer 801

[ˈsəbˌset] noun - subset زیر مجموعه: subset, proper subset

Answer 802

wary [ˈweəri] ♦ adjective cautious or on one's guard (about or concerning): Be wary of lending money to him. مواظب ˈwarily ♦ adverb . با مواظبت ˈwariness ♦ noun . مواظبت

Answer 803

persuade [pəˈsweid] ♦ verb 1 to make (someone) (not) do something, by arguing with him or advising him: We persuaded him (not) to go. ترغیب کردن 2 to make (someone) certain (that something is the case); to convince: We eventually persuaded him that we were serious. متقاعد کردن perˈsuasion [-ʒən] ♦ noun the act of persuading: He gave in to our persuasion and did what we wanted him to do. متقاعد سازی perˈsuasive [-siv] ♦ adjective able to persuade: He is a persuasive speaker; His arguments are persuasive. متقاعد کننده perˈsuasively ♦ adverb . بطور مجاب کننده perˈsuasiveness ♦ noun . مستدل بودن To influence (verb) Synonyms: induce convince sell bring around influence inveigle prevail on move sway satisfy argue into assure cajole bring incline talk someone into something win over allure bring-over Antonyms: dissuade neglect dampen More words To urge (verb) Synonyms: convince exhort assure coax satisfy prompt win over Antonyms: dissuade discourage stop hinder prevent suppress repress

Answer 804

keen [kiːn] ♦ adjective 1 eager or enthusiastic: He is a keen golfer; I'm keen to succeed. مشتاق 2 sharp: Her eyesight is as keen as ever. تیز 3 (of wind etc ) very cold and biting. تند و سرد ˈkeenly ♦ adverb . با اشتیاق؛ به شدت ˈkeenness ♦ noun . شوق؛ تیزی keen on very enthusiastic about, interested in or fond of: She's keen on sailing; She's been keen on that boy for years. مشتاق؛ خواهان keen mind scharfer Verstand keen hunter begeisterter Jäger/begeisterte Jägerin peachy keen also iron prima a. iron keen competition scharfe Konkurrenz keen interest lebhaftes Interesse keen sense of hearing feines Gehör to be peachy-keen Am dated doll sein veraltend keen eyesight [or vision] scharfe Augen Sharp (adjective) Synonyms: sharp pointed edged well-honed acute Antonyms: blunt dull pointless obtuse Astute (adjective) Synonyms: clever bright intelligent alert quick quick-witted sharp shrewd sharp-witted smart Antonyms: stupid dull ignorant idiotic obtuse

Answer 805

consult [kənˈsalt] ♦ verb 1 to seek advice or information from: Consult your doctor; He consulted his watch; He consulted with me about what we should do next. مشورت کردن 2 (of a doctor etc ) to give professional advice: He consults on Mondays and Fridays. مشاوره دادن conˈsultant ♦ noun 1 a person who gives professional advice: He is consultant to a firm of engineers; (also adjective ) a consultant engineer. مشاور 2 a senior hospital doctor specializing in a particular branch of medicine: His condition is so serious that they have sent for the consultant; (also adjective ) a consultant physician. پزشک ارشد؛ پزشک متخصص ˌconsulˈtation [kon-] ♦ noun How much does he charge for a consultation? مشاوره

Answer 806

queue [kjuː] ♦ noun a line of people waiting for something or to do something: a queue for the bus. صف ♦ verb to stand in a queue: We had to queue to get into the cinema; We had to queue for the cinema. صف ایستادن queue up to form, or stand in, a queue: We queued up for tickets. در صف ایستادن

Answer 807

invoke [inˈvəuk] ♦ verb to appeal to (some power, eg God, the law etc ) for help etc . متوسل شدن به invocation [invəˈkeiʃən] ♦ noun . توسلv to invoke God's blessing Gottes Segen erflehen to invoke God's name Gottes Namen anrufen to invoke allegiance/morality an die Treuepflicht/Moral appellieren to invoke memories Erinnerungen [herauf]beschwören

Answer 808

sovereign [ˈsovrin] ♦ noun a king or queen. پادشاه؛ ملكه ♦ adjective (of a country) self-governing: a sovereign state. خود مختار säv´rǝn, -ǝr in, suv´-/ adj., n. ● برتر،ابر،عالی،عالیترین،بالاترین the sovereign virtue of a good judge is brevity بزرگترین حسن یک قاضی خوب ایجاز است. to promote the sovereign good of the community برای پیشبرد مصالح عالی جامعه ● عالی مقام،ابر قدرت،قدر قدرت he holds sovereign power in the country او در کشور قدر قدرت است. ● پادشاه،شاه،سلطان،خسرو،خدیو،تاجدار،فرمانروا for them the sovereign's word were like law در نظر آنها حرف پادشاه مثل قانون بود. ● مستقل،خود استوار،خود فرمان،خودمختار a sovereign personality شخصیت خود استوار a sovereign state کشور مستقل ● مطلق،بی چون و چرا،تام sovereign equality برابری مطلق a sovereign right حق مطلق ● (دارو یا درمان) موثر،کاری،قطعی a sovereign remedy یک درمان قطعی ● (سابقا - انگلیس) سکه‌ی طلا (برابر با 20 شیلینگ)،ساورین

Answer 809

discreet [diˈskriːt] ♦ adjective wise, cautious and not saying anything which might cause trouble: My secretary won't let the secret out – she's very discreet. محتاط؛ با ملاحظه diˈscreetness ♦ noun . احتیاط؛ ملاحظه diˈscretion [-ˈskre-] ♦ noun 1 discreetness: A secretary needs discretion and tact. احتیاط؛ دقت 2 personal judgement: I leave the arrangements entirely to your discretion; The money will be distributed at the discretion of the management. صلاح دید؛ اختیار [disˈkrēt] adjective - discreet با احتیاط: discreet, wary, cautious, careful, prudent, circumspect محتاط: cautious, careful, wary, prudent, discreet, circumspect دارای تمیز و بصیرت: discreet فروتن: humble, meek, modest, blushing, submissive, discreet با خرد: wise, clever, discree discreet diskret discreet colour, pattern dezent

Answer 810

cripple [ˈkripl] ♦ verb 1 to make lame or disabled: He was crippled by a fall from a horse. معلول شدن؛ چلاق شدن 2 to make less strong, less efficient etc : The war has crippled the country's economy. فلج کردن؛ از کار انداختن ♦ noun a lame or disabled person: He's been a cripple since the car accident. آدم معلول؛ چلاق [ˈkripəl] noun - cripple لنگ: lame, loincloth, cripple, limp, wobbler چلاق: cripple زمین گیر: cripple, fluke عاجز: cripple verb - cripple فلج کردن: cripple, paralyze, freeze, mutilate, palsy, paralyse لنگ کردن: cripple, hock خمیدن: bend, bow, cripple, decline, halt, hobble عیب دار کردن: debase, addle, blemish, cripple, damage, deform چلا ق کردن: cripple, maim adjective - cripple معیوب: defective, faulty, vicious, damaged, blemished, cripple عاجز: unable, incapable, weak, blind, feeble, cripple to cripple a machine eine Maschine kaputt machen ugs to cripple an attempt einen Versuch zum Scheitern bringen

Answer 811

torment [ˈtoːment] ♦ noun 1 (a) very great pain, suffering, worry etc : He was in torment. عذاب؛ شکنجه 2 something that causes this. عامل رنج و عذاب [toːˈment]verb to cause pain, suffering, worry etc to: She was tormented with worry/toothache. عذاب دادن؛ رنج دادن torˈmentor [-ˈmen-] ♦ noun a person who torments. زجر دهنده؛ شکنجه گر to torment sb/an animal jdn/ein Tier quälen to be tormented by grief großen Kummer haben A state of physical or mental suffering (noun) Synonyms: torture affliction agony anguish distress pain hurt bane misery curse calamity excruciation infliction woe persecution wound plague purgatory wretchedness scourge thorn visitation To subject (another) to extreme physical cruelty, as in punishing (verb) Synonyms: crucify rack torture

Answer 812

redeem [rəˈdiːm] ♦ verb 1 to buy back (something that has been pawned): I'm going to redeem my gold watch. باز خریدن 2 to set (a person) free by paying a ransom; (of Jesus Christ) to free (a person) from sin. با پرداخت پول کسی را آزاد کردن 3 to compensate for or cancel out the faults of: His willingness to work redeemed him in her eyes. جبران کردن Reˈdeemer ♦ noun (often with the ) Jesus Christ. ناجی؛ نجات دهنده redemption [rəˈdempʃən] ♦ noun the redemption of man by Christ. زستگاری؛ نجات past/beyond redemption too bad to be redeemed or improved. غیرقابل نجات یا بهبود redeeming feature a good quality that somewhat makes up for the bad qualities in a person or thing. ویژگی ارزشمند

Answer 813

reciprocate verb UK /rɪˈsɪp.rə.keɪt/ US /rɪˈsɪp.rə.keɪt/ Add to word list [ I or T ] formal to share the same feelings as someone else, or to behave in the same way as someone else: Sadly, my feelings for him were not reciprocated. We invited them to dinner and a week later they reciprocated.

Answer 814

sophisticated [səˈfistikeitid] ♦ adjective (negative unsophisticated ) 1 (of a person) having a great deal of experience and worldly wisdom, knowledge of how to dress elegantly etc : a sophisticated young man; She has become very sophisticated since she went to live in London. خبره؛ ماهر 2 suitable for, or typical of, sophisticated people: The joke was too sophisticated for the child to understand; sophisticated clothes/hairstyles. سطح بالا 3 (of machines, processes etc ) highly-developed, elaborate and produced with a high degree of skill and knowledge: sophisticated photographic techniques. پيشرفته؛ پيچيده soˌphistiˈcation ♦ noun sophisticated adjective UK /səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ US /səˈfɪs.tə.keɪ.t̬ɪd/ Add to word list B2 having a good understanding of the way people behave and/or a good knowledge of culture and fashion: She was slim, svelte, and sophisticated. I don't think I have any books that would suit your sophisticated tastes. He was older than me and from London and I thought him very sophisticated. B2 intelligent or made in a complicated way and therefore able to do complicated tasks: I think a more sophisticated approach is needed to solve this problem. These are among the most sophisticated weapons in the world.

Answer 815

US UK AU cynical [ˈsinikəl] ♦ adjective inclined to believe the worst, especially about people: a cynical attitude. بدبین؛ منفی باف ˈcynically ♦ adverb . با بدبینی ˈcynic ♦ noun a person who believes the worst about everyone: He is a cynic – he thinks no-one is really unselfish. آدم منفی باف؛ آدم بدبین ˈcynicism [-sizəm] ♦ noun . بدگمانی؛ بدبینی cynical adjective disapproving UK /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/ US /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/ Add to word list C2 believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere: She has a pretty cynical view of men. I've always been deeply cynical about politicians. used to say that someone's feelings or emotions are used to your own advantage: She works in that most cynical of industries - advertising. He praises my cooking but it's just a cynical ploy to get me to make him dinner.

Answer 816

deprivation noun [ C or U ] UK /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌdep.rəˈveɪ.ʃən/ Add to word list C2 a situation in which you do not have things or conditions that are usually considered necessary for a pleasant life: They used sleep deprivation as a form of torture. There is awful deprivation in the shanty towns. There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War. [ˌdeprəˈvāSHən] noun - deprivation محرومیت: deprivation, exclusion, privation, frustration, bereavement, proscription حرمان: deprivation, disappointment سلب: deprivation, negation, divestment, divestiture محروم سازی: exclusion, deprivation, frustration, privation, ouster انعزال: deprivation

Answer 817

sodomize verb [ T ] LAW formal or specialized (UK usually sodomise) UK /ˈsɒd.ə.maɪz/ US /ˈsɑː.də.maɪz/ Add to word list to put the penis into another person's anus as a sexual act See sodomy

Answer 818

purge [pəːdʒ] ♦ verb 1 to make (something) clean by clearing it of everything that is bad, not wanted etc . زدودن؛ تصفیه کردن 2 to rid (a political party etc ) of disloyal members. تصفیه سیاسی ♦ noun an act of purging. پاکسازی purgative [ˈpəːgətiv] ♦ noun, ♦ adjective (a medicine) which clears waste matter out of the body. هر چیز پاکساز؛ پالاینده

Answer 819

hierarchy [ˈhaiəraːki] ♦ noun (an) arrangement (of usually people in a group, also things etc ) in order of rank, importance etc . سلسله مراتب hieˈrarchical [-ˈraː-] ♦ adjective . سلسله مراتبی Notice the second r in hierarchy .

Answer 820

neglect [niˈglekt] ♦ verb 1 to treat carelessly or not give enough attention to: He neglected his work. فرو گذاری 2 to fail (to do something): He neglected to answer the letter. غفلت کردن ♦ noun lack of care and attention: The garden is suffering from neglect. غفلت neglect verb [ T ] UK /nɪˈɡlekt/ US /nɪˈɡlekt/ Add to word list C1 to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility: to neglect your appearance/the house He neglects that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives him any attention. She's been neglecting her studies this semester. neglect to do something C2 to not do something, often because you forget: I'd neglected to give him the name of the hotel where I'd be staying. See more to die from neglect an Verwahrlosung sterben to neglect one's duties seine Pflichten vernachlässigen to suffer neglect vernachlässigt werden parental control/neglect Beaufsichtigung f /Vernachlässigung f durch die Eltern this child has suffered gross neglect dieses Kind ist grob vernachlässigt worden to be in a state of neglect verwahrlost sein to fall into a state of neglect verwahrlosen to neglect one's employees/husband/wife seine Angestellten/seinen Ehemann/seine Ehefrau vernachlässigen

Answer 821

supper [ˈsapə] ♦ noun a meal taken at the end of the day: Would you like some supper?; She has invited me to supper. شام ˈsupper-time ♦ noun the time in the evening when people eat supper: I'll be back at supper-time. وقت شام * After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. بعد از نهار کمی استراحت کنید، بعد از شام یک کیلومتر راه بروید. * Would you like to have supper with us on the weekend? دوست داریم آخر هفته با هم عصرانه داشته باشیم * I'll help my mother wash the dishes after supper. بعد از شام در شستن ظرف‌ها به مادرم کمک خواهم کرد.

Answer 822

humble [ˈhambl] ♦ adjective 1 not having a high opinion of oneself etc : You have plenty of ability but you're too humble. متواضع 2 unimportant; having a low position in society etc : a man of humble origins. پست ♦ verb to make (someone) humble: He was humbled by his failure. به زانو در آوردن ˈhumbly ♦ adverb . خاضعانه ˈhumbleness ♦ noun . فروتنی see also humility . humility [hjuˈmiləti] ♦ noun modesty; humbleness: Despite his powerful position in the government, he was still a man of great humility. فروتنی see also humble .

Answer 823

rendezvous [ˈrondivuː]– plural ˈrendezvous [-vuː] – ♦ noun 1 an agreement to meet someone somewhere: They had made a rendezvous to meet at midnight. قرار ملاقات 2 the place where such a meeting is to be: The park was the lovers' usual rendezvous. میعادگاه؛ وعده گاه 3 the meeting itself: The rendezvous took place at midnight. دیدار 4 a place where a certain group of people meet or go regularly: This pub is the rendezvous for the local artists and poets. rendezvous noun [ C ] UK /ˈrɒn.deɪ.vuː/ US /ˈrɑːn.deɪ.vuː/ plural rendezvous Add to word list an arrangement to meet someone, especially secretly, at a particular place and time, or the place itself: We have a rendezvous for next week, don't we? The lovers met at a secret rendezvous in the park. a place where a particular group of people often go or meet, by arrangement or habit: This restaurant is a popular rendezvous for local artists.پاتوق Ren*dez*vous [rãde'vuː] das; -, - [rãde'vuːs] 1. ein Rendezvous (mit jemandem) ein Treffen von zwei Leuten, die zusammen ausgehen wollen 2. sich (Kollekt oder Pl) irgendwo ein Rendezvous geben sich (als Gruppe) irgendwo treffen: Am Wiener Opernball gibt sich die Prominenz jedes Jahr ein Rendezvous

Answer 824

lease [liːs] ♦ noun (the period of) an agreement giving the use of a house etc on payment of rent: We signed the lease yesterday; a twenty-year lease. اجاره؛ کرایه ♦ verb to give or acquire a house etc in this way: He leases the land from the local council. lease verb [ T ] UK /liːs/ US /liːs/ Add to word list to make a legal agreement by which money is paid in order to use land, a building, a vehicle, or a piece of equipment for an agreed period of time: The building's 60 units are currently leased to students of the university. [ + two objects ] It was agreed they would lease the apartment to him/lease him the apartment. He has the house on a long lease. The lease runs out/expires in two years' time. We signed a three-year lease when we moved into the house.

Answer 825

tail [teil] ♦ noun 1 the part of an animal, bird or fish that sticks out behind the rest of its body: The dog wagged its tail; A fish swims by moving its tail. دم 2 anything which has a similar function or position: the tail of an aeroplane/comet. هر چیز دم مانند ♦ verb to follow closely: The detectives tailed the thief to the station. تعقیب کردن -tailed having a (certain size, type etc of) tail: a black-tailed duck; a long-tailed dog. ...دم tails ♦ noun, ♦ adverb (on) the side of a coin that does not have the head of the sovereign etc on it: He tossed the coin and it came down tails. خط ♦ interjection a call showing that a person has chosen that side of the coin when tossing a coin to make a decision etc . خط ˌtail-ˈend ♦ noun the very end or last part: the tail-end of the procession. بخش پایانی هر چیز ˈtail-light ♦ noun the (usually red) light on the back of a car, train etc : He followed the tail-lights of the bus. چراغ عقب tail wind a wind coming from behind: We sailed home with a tail wind. باد موافق tail off 1 to become fewer, smaller or weaker (at the end): His interest tailed off towards the end of the film. کم شدن؛ ضعیف شدن 2 (also tail away ) (of voices etc ) to become quieter or silent: His voice tailed away into silence. کم شدن؛ ضعیف شدن tail plume Schwanzfeder f fee tail Grundbesitz m mit Erbbeschränkungen stubby tail Stummelschwanz m stumpy tail Stummelschwanz m distillation tail Rückstände pl prehensile tail Greifschwanz m to chase one's tail herumwuseln regional to lash its tail animal mit dem Schwanz schlagen to whisk its tail mit dem Schwanz schlagen get off my tail! musst du so dicht auffahren! m ugs to wag one's tail dog mit dem Schwanz wedeln to turn tattle-tail Am usu Kinderspr ugs A a. tratschen ugs the cat's tail der Schwanz der Katze nose to tail dicht an dicht they're chasing tail sl sie sind auf Weiberjagd sl tail/wing feather Schwanz-/Schwungfeder f

Answer 826

whistle-blower noun [ C ] WORKPLACE (also whistleblower) UK US Add to word list a person who works for a company or organization that tells an authority about something illegal happening within the company or organization: Within many organisations a whistleblower is contemptuously regarded as a 'grass' or 'sneak'. whistle-blowing noun [ U ] Local authorities should have clear procedures to encourage staff whistleblowing.