English 1 Flashcards
Grit
grit(courage, determination,투지,기개):
If someone has grit, they have the determination and courage to continue doing something even though it is very difficult. ex) The speaker said the most important qualification for kids to success is a grit. ex) The speaker said the most important qualification for kids for success is grit.
Old English grēot ‘sand, gravel’, of Germanic origin; related to German Griess, also to groats
Acquaintance
Acquaintance: 지식, 지인
An acquaintance is someone who you have met and know slightly, but not well.
Your acquaintance with a subject is your knowledge or experience of it.
ex) I have a little acquaintance with the subject of business.
Optimum
Optimum: 최고의
The optimum or optimal level or state of something is the best level or state that it could achieve.
ex) If we try harder, we could get optimum results.
Recency
recency: 최신의
The property of being recent; newness
ex) One of the most important skills of speech is that giving the audience recency of the main idea.
* ex) One of the most important skills of speech is giving the audience recency of the main idea.*
Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance: 정찰
Reconnaissance is the activity of obtaining military information about a place by sending soldiers or planes there, or by the use of satellites.
ex) In the movie ‘The Flags of Our Fathers,’ because of Japanese soldiers’ ambush, the reconnaissances of the united forces were massacred.
Stunt
Stunt(저해하다,방해하다):
to stop, slow down, or hinder the growth or development of; dwarf:
ex) The law stunts people to work harder for their better life.
* ex) The law stunts people from working harder for their lives.*
Conflagration
Conflagration: (대화재)
A conflagration is a fire that burns over a large area and destroys property.
ex) The Backdraft is a one of the great theme of the Universal Studio that related a conflagration.
* ex) The Backdraft is one of the great themes of the Universal Studio that related to a conflagration.*
Codify
codify(systematize,성문화하다):
to reduce (laws, rules, etc.) to a code.
ex) It’s not easy to codify right ideas into laws.
* ex) It’s not easy to codify the right ideas into laws.*
Competent
competent(능숙한,만족할만한): proficient
well-advanced or competent in any art, science, or subject; skilled:
having suitable or sufficient skill, knowledge, experience, etc., for some purpose; properly qualified
ex) My mother-in-law is very competent in cooking.
Deviate
일탈, 벗어나다
de-‘away from’ + via‘way’.
Deviate: to turn aside, as from a route, way, course, etc. a person or thing that departs from the accepted norm or standard.
ex) Children who are addicted to smartphone easily deviated from their routine lives.
Plunk
툭 내려놓다.
Plunk: If you plunk something somewhere, you put it there without great care. ex) Don’t plunk out yourself.
ex) He plucked away the instrument without a care in the world.
Exorbitant
과도한, 지나친, excessive, expensive
exorbitant: exceeding the bounds of custom, propriety, or reason, especially in amount or extent; highly excessive:
to charge an exorbitant price;
exorbitant luxury.
ex) I wanted buy a assembling toy for my children, but the price was exorbitant.
* ex) I wanted to buy an assembling toy for my children, but the price was exorbitant.*
Defy
challenge/confront/frustrate/반항/저항/거역
to challenge (a person) to do something deemed impossible: (indescribable?)
- ex) when others are able to achieve things that seem to defy all of the assumptions?*
- Middle English (in the senses ‘renounce an allegiance’ and ‘challenge to combat’): from Old French desfier, based on Latin dis- (expressing reversal) + fidus‘faithful’*
Assumption
presumption/presupposition/추정
the act of taking for granted or supposing. Synonyms: .
ex) False News comes from an assumption.
Tabletop
(furniture) the flat, horizontal surface of a table
ex) Put those flowers on that tabletop.
Uttered
Uttered: (소리내다/말하다)
If someone utters sounds or words, they say them.
You use utter to emphasize that something is great in extent, degree, or amount.
ex) I will not violate my covenant or alter what my lips have uttered. (Psalms 89:34)
Fuss
호들갑
Fuss is anxious or excited behaviour which serves no useful purpose. If you fuss, you worry or behave in a nervous, anxious way about unimportant matters or rush around doing unnecessary things.
ex) Don’t make a fuss. (안달하지 마세요.)
Rationalize
justify/explain/합리화하다
to make rational or conformable to reason.
ex) Apologetics is a way of rationalizing the truth of the Bible.
Fickle
변덕스러운 / erratic / changeable
Changing frequently, esp. as regards one’s loyalties, interests, or affection.
ex) The weather in Philippines during summer is fickle.
* ex) The weather in the Philippines during summer is fickle.*
Stratospheric
성층권
If you say that someone or something climbs or is sent into the stratosphere, you mean that they reach a very high level.
ex) Some kids have stratospheric IQ, but it doesn’t mean that they are excellent in their studies.
Drifted apart
Out of sight, out of mind. 사이가 멀어지다
to become less close or less friendly with somebody
ex) Friends get easily drifted apart when they can’t meet each other often.
* ex) Friends easily drift apart when they can’t meet each other often.*
Ordeal
시련, 불쾌한 일
If you describe an experience or situation as an ordeal, you think it is difficult and unpleasant.
ex) Some people think of their army duties as ordeals.
Deceitful
기만적인, dishonest, insincere
If you say that someone is deceitful, you mean that they behave in a dishonest way by making other people believe something that is not true.
ex) The Pharisees and the Jewish leaders found a deceitful way to kill Jesus.
Benchmark
기준
A benchmark is something whose quality or quantity is known and which can therefore be used as a standard with which other things can be compared.
ex) Price of Jajangmyun is the benchmark of the Korean economy.
Unscrupulous
부도덕한/무원칙한
If you describe a person as unscrupulous, you are critical of the fact that they are prepared to act in a dishonest or immoral way in order to get what they want.
ex) Many adults became unscrupulous for selling harmful things to children.
Accommodate
수용하다/맞추다
ad-‘to’ + commodus‘fitting’
If a building or space can accommodate someone or something, it has enough room for them.
If something is planned or changed to accommodate a particular situation, it is planned or changed so that it takes this situation into account.
ex) We need to accommodate the new schedule.
Throng
인파, 군중
A throng is a large crowd of people.
ex) There is a throng of people in that church service.
Perseverance
인내 / persistence
Perseverance is the quality of continuing with something even though it is difficult.
ex) Acquiring some goals and skills needs perseverance and self-control.
* ex) Acquiring some achievements and skills needs perseverance and self-control.*
Interrogate
examine/investigate / 심문 / 추궁하다
to ask questions of (a person), sometimes to seek answers or information that the person questioned considers personal or secret.
ex) The police officer interrogates the suspect about the crime.
Momentum
계기/가속도
If a process or movement gains momentum, it keeps developing or happening more quickly and keeps becoming less likely to stop.
ex) Everyone has their momentum when they realized who they are.
ex) Everyone has his/her momentum when he/she discovers who they are.
Each or every => ALWAYS SINGULAR
Armistice
ceasefire/peace-establishing agreement/휴전
a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the warring parties; truce:
World War I ended with the armistice of 1918.
ex) The party tries to abolish the armistice of North & South Korea for some reason.
Tangible
real/concrete/분명한/실재하는
tangere‘to touch’
real or actual, rather than imaginary or visionary
the tangible benefits of sunshine.
ex) Faith is not tangible physically, however, if one believes in it, he/she should live their faiths.
Impure
Corrupt/순수하지못한/불결한/음란한/defiled
A substance that is impure is not of good quality because it has other substances mixed with it.
ex) In the Bible, many possessed by impure spirits were healed by Jesus.
Ephiphany
깨닫는순간/신의출현
The manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles as represented by the Magi (Matthew 2:1-12).
A moment of sudden revelation or insight
ex) This is the epiphany of my life that changed my stereotype. (X)
* ex) This is the epiphany of my life that changed my stereotype toward the younger generation. (O)*
Instill
implant/infuse/inspire/스며들게하다/주입시키다/insinuate; inject: to instill
to infuse slowly or gradually into the mind or feelings; courtesy in a child.
ex) The experiment of a dying frog on a boiling pot shows how the government instills their people wrong ideas.
The-experiment-of-a-dying-frog-on-a-boiling-pot
Corny
진부한
If you describe something as corny, you mean that it is obvious or sentimental and not at all original.
ex) I think those are corny jokes.
Diffuse
spread/분산/확산/disseminate
to spread or scatter widely or thinly;
ex) The purpose of a Christian life is diffusing the aroma of Jesus Christ.
Obesity
fatness/overweight/비만/비만/corpulence/bulkiness or largeness of body; portliness
the condition of being very fat or overweight;
ex) Many children have adult diseases due to obesity.
Scrutiny
close examination/investigation/정밀조사/철저한검토
scrutinium, from scrutari‘to search’ (originally ‘sort rubbish’, from scruta‘rubbish’)
a searching examination or investigation; minute inquiry
Synonyms - surveillance: a watch kept over a person, group, etc., especially over a suspect, prisoner, or the like:
ex) A careful scrutiny is needed to prevent getting Coronavirus.
Elicit
끌어내다, 밝혀내다
If you elicit a response or a reaction, you do or say something which makes other people respond or react.
ex) I couldn’t elicit any response from him.
elicit-‘drawn out by trickery or magic’, from the verb elicere, from e- (variant of ex-) ‘out’ + lacere‘entice, deceive’
Erratic
불규칙한, 변덕이 심한
deviating from the usual or proper course in conduct or opinion; eccentric; queer: erratic behavior.
Swerve
방향을 틀다
If a vehicle or other moving thing swerves or if you swerve it, it suddenly changes direction, often in order to avoid hitting something.
ex) The car swerved rapidly in order to avoid a car accident.
Muster Up
gather/raise/summon/모으다/발휘하다
to gather, summon, rouse (often followed by up )
ex) The Bible teaches us to muster up (our faith) during our dreadful situation.
Juvenile
청소년
A juvenile is a child or young person who is not yet old enough to be regarded as an adult.
ex) It is very important that our government set up a well designed juvenile justice system for the future of our nation
Petal
꽃잎
The petals of a flower are the thin coloured or white parts which together form the flower.
ex) Dried rose petals are used for making car fragrance.
Regard
affection/care/관심/배려
to look upon or think of with a particular feeling: to regard a person with favor.
ex) God blessed those who regard poor people.
Clavicle
쇄골
Your clavicles are your collar bones.
ex) The team shouted, “Let’s go and break their clavicle.”
Commotion
소동,소란, clamor, uproar
A commotion is a lot of noise, confusion, and excitement.
ex) When Jesus came, he saw a commotion and wailing of people.
Stripling
애송이
People sometimes refer to a young man as a stripling when they want to indicate in a slightly humorous way that although he is no longer a boy, he is not yet really a man.
ex) David, in front of Goliath who was a warrior of Palestine, was only a stripling.
Mundane
재미없는, 일상적인/boring, uninteresting, worldly, secular
Something that is mundane is very ordinary and not at all interesting or unusual.
ex) Many people choose to be mundane instead of resisting worldly influences.
Sentimental
감성적인, 감상적인
Someone or something that is sentimental feels or shows pity or love, sometimes to an extent that is considered exaggerated and foolish.
ex) He is so sentimental.
Demand
요구하다
If you demand something such as information or action, you ask for it in a very forceful way.
ex) The Chinese Government demanded people not to move to another city.
Gravitation
만유인력
In physics, gravitation is the force which causes objects to be attracted towards each other because they have mass
ex) Newton first invented the principle of gravitation.
Affluent
wealthy/rich/부유한/prosperous; rich
having an abundance of wealth, property, or other material goods;
an affluent person.
ex) Affluent people seemed to be happy, but I feel it is superficial.
Presbyopia
노안
farsightedness due to ciliary muscle weakness and loss of elasticity in the crystalline lens.
ex) My father-in-law will take a surgical reversal of presbyopia(SRP) today.
Prone
liable/likely/하기쉬운/disposed; liable
having a natural inclination or tendency to something;
to be prone to anger.
ex) As descents of Adam & Eve, all people are prone to sin.
Nurture
양육하다
If you nurture something such as a young child or a young plant, you care for it while it is growing and developing.
ex) Parents have obligations to nurture their children both physically and emotionally.
Too much at stake
큰 희생이 따르는
The amount that could be lost is too great to take a chance.
ex) Accepting people from Uhan province is putting too much at stake.
Tuck
밀어넣다, 집어넣다
If you tuck something somewhere, you put it there so that it is safe, comfortable, or neat.
ex) Please tuck in your shirt neatly.
Levitate
공중부양
the phenomenon of a person or thing rising into the air by apparently supernatural means
ex) Some cultists could even levitate when they practice their rituals.
Slouch
구부정한, slump over, bend
If someone slouches, they sit or stand with their shoulders and head bent so they look lazy and unattractive
ex) The worm is slouching over the twig.
Deflect
피하다, 모면하다
If you deflect something that is moving, you make it go in a slightly different direction, for example by hitting or blocking it.
If you deflect something such as criticism or attention, you act in a way that prevents it from being directed towards you or affecting you
ex) The man usually try to deflect any discussions that could disadvantage him.
Procure
(구하다, acquire, obtain)
to obtain or get by care, effort, or the use of special means:
to procure evidence.
- ex) the Savior’s blood has procured your full acquittal.*
- my ex) The lawyer procured the innocent victim who was charged for that crime.*
acquittal
(무죄선고, declaration removing blames, discharging, exemption)
the discharge or settlement of a debt, obligation, etc.
(Law). judicial deliverance from a criminal charge on a verdict or finding of not guilty.
- ex) the Savior’s blood has procured your full acquittal.*
- my ex) When we confess our sins, God proclaims our acquittal.*
Impute
:(전가하다, ascribe, attribute)
(Law). to ascribe to or charge (a person) with an act or quality because of the conduct of another over whom one has control or for whose acts or conduct one is responsible.
(Theology). to attribute (righteousness, guilt, etc.) to a person or persons vicariously;
ascribe as derived from another.
- ex) Christ was perfectly obedient on your behalf and has imputed all His merits to your account.*
- my ex)The judge imputed the penalty to the woman.*
Improvise
(뭐든 있는 것으로 처리하다, makeup, ad-lip, extemporize
to compose and perform or deliver without previous preparation;
to improvise an acceptance speech.
- ex) We can improvise but feel free to share with me Youtube you particularly find interesting we can talk about.*
- my ex) I’ll get used to improvising when I fix something.*
improvisus‘unforeseen’, based on provisus, past participle of providere‘make preparation for’
potsherd
(질그릇조각) a broken pottery fragment, especially one of archaeological value. ex) “My mouth is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth; you lay me in the dust of death.” (Psalms 22:15 NIV) my ex) I definitely believe that God could use anyone who is even like potsherd according to His will.
Posterity
future generations, descendant, 후손
all descendants of one person:
- His fortune was gradually dissipated by his posterity.*
- ex) “Posterity will serve him; future generations will be told about the Lord.” (Psalms 22:30 NIV)*
- my ex) Posterity of every nation will bow down to the Lord, Jesus Christ.*
vindication
(justification/apology/pardon/옹호/지지)defense; excuse; justification:
Poverty was a vindication for his thievery.
- ex) “They will receive blessing from the Lord and vindication from God their Savior.” (Psalms 24:5 NIV)*
- my ex) The advocate gave a vindication for his innocence.*
Confide
(털어놓다/신뢰하다/divulge information)
to have full trust; have faith:
- They confided in their own ability.*
- ex) “The Lord confides in those who fear him; he makes his covenant known to them.” (Psalms 25:14 NIV)*
- my ex) Christians in a church will be good to confide their lives in their pastors. Confide in*
associate
(colleague/companion/affiliate/어울리다)
to keep company, as a friend, companion, or ally:
- He was accused of associating with known criminals.*
- ex) “I do not sit with the deceitful, nor do I associate with hypocrites.” (Psalms 26:4 NIV)*
- my ex) The mom told her son not to associate with bad kids. Troublesome*
Cordial
(friendly, social, 다정한)
courteous and gracious; friendly; warm:
a cordial reception
- ex) “Do not drag me away with the wicked, with those who do evil, who speak cordially with their neighbors but harbor malice in their hearts.” (Psalms 28:3 NIV)*
- my ex) That man always gives a cordial welcome.*
Intrigue
(scheme/conspiracy/음모/모의/호기심)
from French intrigue‘plot’, intriguer‘to tangle, to plot’,
such a machination or stratagem or a series of them;
a plot or crafty dealing:
- political intrigues.*
- ex) “In the shelter of your presence you hide them from all human intrigues; you keep them safe in your dwelling from accusing tongues.” (Psalms 31:20 NIV)*
- my ex) The politicians were revealed to be thieves and were accused of intrigues to steal a huge amount of money.*
Sap
(weaken/destroy/약화시키다/무너뜨리다)
to undermine; weaken or destroy insidiously.
- ex)“For day and night your hand was heavy on me; my strength was sapped as in the heat of summer.” (Psalms 32:4 NIV)*
- my ex) The schemes of the people sap the unity of the party.*
Bridle
(restraining device/굴레)
part of the tack or harness of a horse, consisting usually of a headstall, bit, and reins.
Bible-“Do not be like the horse or the mule, which have no understanding but must be controlled by bit and bridle or they will not come to you.” (Psalms 32:9 NIV)
Contend
(compete/fight/다투다/겨루다)
to struggle in opposition:
to contend with the enemy for control of the port.
to strive in rivalry; compete; vie:
to contend for first prize.
- Bible - “Contend, Lord, with those who contend with me; fight against those who fight against me.” (Psalms 35:1 NIV)*
- ex) The athlete contends vigorously for the prize.*
Brandish
(shake/swing around/휘두르다)
to shake or wave, as a weapon; flourish:
Brandishing his sword, he rode into battle.
- Bible - “Brandish spear and javelin against those who pursue me. Say to me, “I am your salvation.” (Psalms 35:3 NIV)*
- ex) The great warrior brandishes his special weapon.*
Perplexed
(complicate/confuse/당혹하게 하다)
to make complicated or confused, as a matter or question.
- Bible - “Now Herod the tetrarch heard about all that was going on. And he was perplexed because some were saying that John had been raised from the dead,” (Luke 9:7 NIV)*
- ex) The medical department of South Korea is being perplexed because of the enormous spread of the Corona Virus.*
Arid
(barren/dry/parched/매우 건조한/무미건조한)
being without moisture; extremely dry; parched: arid land; an arid climate.
- Bible - ““When an impure spirit comes out of a person, it goes through arid places seeking rest and does not find it. Then it says, ‘I will return to the house I left.’” (Luke 11:24 NIV)*
- ex) Right beside the Jordan river, there are plenty of arid places.*
Audacity
(recklessness/daring/뻔뻔함)
boldness or daring, especially with confident or arrogant disregard for personal safety, conventional thought, or other restrictions.
- Bible - “I tell you, even though he will not get up and give you the bread because of friendship, yet because of your shameless audacity he will surely get up and give you as much as you need.” (Luke 11:8 NIV)*
- ex) People complain about the audacity of the government officials.*
Convulsion
(cramp/seizure/경련/경기/격변)
violent agitation or disturbance; commotion.
- Bible - “Even while the boy was coming, the demon threw him to the ground in a convulsion. But Jesus rebuked the impure spirit, healed the boy and gave him back to his father.” (Luke 9:42 NIV)*
- ex) The boy who was possessed by the evil spirit was in a convulsion.*
Assail
(attack/assault/공격하다/괴롭히다)
to attack vigorously or violently; assault.
- Bible - “I will not fear though tens of thousands assail me on every side.” (Psalms 3:6 NIV)*
- ex) The enemy tried to assail the retreating soldiers.*
Fleeting
(short/brief/flying/순식간의/잠깐동안의)
passing swiftly; vanishing quickly; transient; transitory: fleeting beauty; a fleeting glance.
- Bible - ““Show me, Lord, my life’s end and the number of my days; let me know how fleeting my life is.” (Psalms 39:4 NIV)*
- ex) A month of staying in my mother-in-law’s house was not long enough. It was like a fleeting moment.*
Appall
(horrify/frighten/간담을 서늘케하다/끔찍하게 하다)
to fill or overcome with horror, consternation, or fear; dismay:
He was appalled by the damage from the fire. I am appalled at your mistakes.
Bible - “May those who say to me, “Aha! Aha!” be appalled at their own shame.” (Psalms 40:15 NIV)
ex) South Koreans are appalled by the fear of the Corona Virus.
Afflict
(harass/distress/괴롭히다/피해를 입히다)
affligere, from ad-‘to’ + fligere‘to strike, dash’
to distress with mental or bodily pain; trouble greatly or grievously: to be afflicted with arthritis.
Bible - ““A vile disease has afflicted him; he will never get up from the place where he lies.”” (시편 41:8 KRV)
ex) The devil afflicted Job who was enduring severe tests.
Pittance
(peanut/dribble/아주 적은 돈)
a small amount or share.
Bible - “You sold your people for a pittance, gaining nothing from their sale.” (Psalms 44:12 NIV)
ex) The employer paid a pittance to their employees.
Derision
(insult/disrespect/조롱/조소)
from deridere ‘scoff at’
ridicule; mockery: The inept performance elicited derision from the audience.
Bible - “You have made us a reproach to our neighbors, the scorn and derision of those around us.” (Psalms 44:13 NIV)
ex) He became the derision of his family.
Relent
(easy off/give in/동의하다/수그러들다)
based on Latin re-‘back’ + lentare ‘to bend’ (from lentus ‘flexible’)
to soften in feeling, temper, or determination; become more mild, compassionate, or forgiving.
- Bible - “If he does not relent, he will sharpen his sword; he will bend and string his bow.” (Psalms 7:12 NIV)*
- ex) The protests will not relent until the president resigns.*
Eery(eerie)
(spooky/scary/creepy/무시무시한/겁을내는)
uncanny, so as to inspire superstitious fear; weird: an eerie midnight howl.
ex) The story is very eerie.
resilient
(bouncy/flexible/strong/회복력있는/탄력있는)
from Latin resilient-‘leaping back’, from the verb resilire
returning to the original form or position after being bent, compressed, or stretched.
recovering readily from illness, depression, adversity, or the like; buoyant.
ex) Famous athletes are not only good with skills but they are also resilient in mind.
Incompetence
(inability/inexperience/무능)
the quality or condition of being incompetent; lack of ability.
ex) The government was accused of incompetence.
