Engines Flashcards
What engine is in the A319?
IAE V2524-A5 (24,000#)
What engine is in the A320?
IAE V2527-A5 (27,000#)
What engine is in the A321?
IAE V2530-A5 (32,500#)
What is on the N1 shaft?
Fan, LP compressor and LP turbine
What is on the N2 shaft?
HP compressor and HP turbine
What is on the accessory gearbox and what are they powered by?
Fuel Pump
Oil Pump
Alternator
Powered by the N2 shaft
What are the functions of the FADECs?
Fuel flow, thrust reverser and ignition control
N1, N2 and EPR limits protection
EGT limits protection
Starter engagement time and speed protection
Fuel and Thrust limit computations
Computation of thrust penalties
Accelleration and deceleration schedules
Idle settings
Engine information to cockpit
What does the FADEC control during ground starts?
Controls start sequence
Provides full protections
Has start abort authority
What FADEC feature is only available during ground starts?
Start abort authority
EGT protection
What does the FADEC do during manual starts?
Monitors and provides cautions and warnings
What are the 3 idle settings?
Modulated Idle: on ground and in-flight when slats retracted (lowest idle, long spool up times)
Approach idle: in-flight when slats are extended (low spool up time for go arounds)
Reverse Idle: REV IDLE position (slightly higher than modulated idle)
How is (EPR) Engine Pressure Ratio calculated?
P5 (LP turbine exhaust) vs P2 (engine inlet pressure)
What are the 2 modes of the FADEC for setting thrust?
EPR (Engine Pressure Ratio)
N1
When the FADEC regulates thrust in EPR mode, what are the parameters?
Thrust Lever Angle (TLA)
Altitude
Mach Number
Ambient Temperature
Air inlet total temperature
Air bleed demands
When EPR mode fails, the FADEC reverts to N1 mode. What important features are lost in N1 mode?
No Autothrust
No Alpha Floor
What are the 2 types of N1 mode?
Rated N1 mode
Unrated N1 mode
What is the difference between Rated and Unrated N1 modes?
Rated N1 Mode: N1 limits and protections are displayed on E/WD, can be selected manually
Unrated N1 Mode: Used with EPR and Rated N1 mode failures. N1 limits not displayed and FADEC provides limited overspeed protection. (emergency)
What is the redundancy within the FADEC?
Channels A and B provide backup and redundancy
When does the engine alternator provide power to the FADEC?
N2>10%
How is the IDG and Engine Oil cooled?
By heat exchange with the fuel
When does the FADEC command continuous ignition?
ENG ANTI ICE ON
Take off thrust selected
Engine Interface Unit (EIU) fails
Approach Idle (slats extended)
Engine flameout or surge detected
ENG MASTER cycled on-off-on
What type of reverse thrust is used?
Translating Sleeve, which redirects Fan Air only
What does the thrust reversers require prior to activation?
At least 1 FADEC channel op
Landing Gear Control and Interface Unit (LGCIU) detects aircraft is on the ground.
When would you get a FAULT light on the engine control section of the pedestal?
Auto start is aborted
Start valve fault
HP fuel valve not in commanded position
What does the IGN/START switch do?
Manually selects continuous ignition
Prepares the engine for the start process
What does the CRANK switch do?
Prepares the engine for dry cranking (no ignition or fuel flow)
Starter will engage when MAN START is selected
How long is TOGO powered limited to?
5 minutes
What is the speed limitation of Max Reverse?
Max reverse should not be used below 70 kts
What are the 2 auto-thrust modes?
Armed: during TOGO or FLX or when Thrust levers not in active range (between CLB and IDLE)
Active: pushing the FCU A/THR pb
When auto-thrust is activated, what do the levers do?
The lever now become thrust limiters, therefore us leave them at the CL detent to give auto-thrust full authority.
Note: the exception is when Alpha Floor is activated in which TOGA power is activated regardless of lever position
How can you disengage auto-thrust?
Disengage buttons on the levers
Selecting A/THR pb off
Moving the thrust levers to idle (landing)
The amber tick mark on the EGT gauge is the calculated max EGT for that thrust range. When is the tick mark not present?
TO
Reverse
Alpha floor
What is the red tick mark on the EGT gauge?
Highest value achieved
What does a “+” by N1 mean?
N1 went above 100%
When will the oil pressure be amber?
<80psi
When will the oil pressure be red?
<60psi
When will oil temp be amber?
> 155C
When will oil temp be red?
> 155C for 15 minutes or >165C
When will vibration pulse?
5 units
Which engine is started first and why?
2 because it provides pressure for the yellow hydraulic system which provides parking brake pressure
What is the memory air for ensuring a stabilized engine start?
2,4,6,8,10
20% N1 400 EGT 60% N2 800 Fuel Flow 1.0 EPR
Why would you manually start an engine?
To allow the engine to reach its max motoring speed prior to ignition and fuel flow
When is a manual start recommended?
Engine Stall
EGT overlimit
LO START AIR PRESS
No N1 rotation
Hungstart
IGN A/B Fault
What is the minimum N2% required for a manual start prior to turning ON the engine master switch?
15% N2
When does the FADEC close the start valve?
N2 between 43-48%
What are the advantages to a FLEX TO?
Extending engine life
less fuel
What does the FADEC do to reduce Fan Flutter?
Prevents N1 from stabilizing 60-74% N1, thus when you advance thrust levers, it will skip this range
What EPR valve do you aim for to ensure proper engine indications before setting TO power?
1.1 EPR
When shutting down the engine using the ENG FIRE button what happens?
Only the LP fuel valve is closed causing a 40 second delay as the fuel in the line is burned.
When will the FADEC abort a start on the ground and indicate a FAULT?
Starter time exceeded
EGT overtemp
No light off
Lower than normal N1
Starter failure
Hung Start
How can you tell if the FADEC reverted to UNRATED N1 mode?
Loss of the max N1% tick mark
At what OAT would you select TOGA rather than FLEX?
When FLEX temp is within 10 degrees of OAT to avoid asymmetrical thrust (EPR/N1 discrepancy)
