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KC-135 Super Gouge > Engine Systems (work in progress) > Flashcards

Engine Systems (work in progress) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 major sections of the CFM F108-CF-100 engines?

A

1) Fan
2) High Pressure Compressor
3) Combustion
4) Turbine
5) Accessory section

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2
Q

What are the main parts of the:

Fan Section

A
  • Fan + 3-stage low pressure compressor
  • 80% of T/O thrust
  • Fixed stators
  • PMC’s above 70% N1. Trims MEC
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3
Q

What are the main parts of the:

High Pressure Compressor

A
  • 9 Stages
  • First 3 have variable inlet guide vanes
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4
Q

What are the main parts of the:

Combustion

A
  • Dual ignition, 20 fuel nozzles, annular ring
  • Fuel metered by MEC
  • Igniters at 4 o’ clock, 8 o’clock
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5
Q

What are the main parts of the:

Turbine

A
  • High and Low pressure
  • High: 72 blades, single stage powers high pressure compressor
  • Low: 4 stages, powers fan + low stage compressor
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6
Q

What are the main parts of the:

Accessory section

A
  • Mechanically driven by high press. compressor (N2)
  • Located at engine 6 o’clock
  • Engine fuel pump
  • Main Engine Control (MEC)
  • Hydraulic Pump
  • Constant Speed Drive
  • Generator
  • Control Alternator
  • Lubrication Unit
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7
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Throttle Quadrant?

A

Controls the engine RPM through the MEC with the PMCs off

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8
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Engine Ignition Control and Start Panel

A
  • IGNITION provides constant spark through full throttle movement. Does NOT open the starter valve
  • START opens the starter valve and provides spark between 1/2 way to START and IDLE
  • Starter valve light on when valve opens with 5 degrees
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9
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Engine Oil Pressure Warning Lights

A
  • On below 11 psi or if filter clogged
  • Off above 13 psi
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10
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the PMC panel?

A
  • Connects PMC to respective MEC
  • Switch powered by respective engine
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11
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Engine Fire/Overheat Detection and Extinguishing Controls?

A
  • Compartment Hot lights
  • Fire Lights
  • Fire EXT Light
  • Fire Switch
    • Fuel
    • Hydraulics
    • Pneumatics
    • Ignition
    • Generator input
    • Fire bottle armed
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12
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Electronic Engine Instrument Display (EEID)

N1

A
  • Actual N1 white needle/text
  • Demanded by N1 (cyan)
  • 100% N1 = fan speed 5,175 RPM
  • Continuous range 78% - 95.8%
  • GREEN within 1% of target
  • Caution 102.5% - 105%
  • Max 105.1%
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13
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Electronic Engine Instrument Display (EEID)

EGT

A
  • Continuous 610-870 C
  • Caution 870-905
  • Warning 905 and above
  • Flight limit 930
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14
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Electronic Engine Instrument Display (EEID)

N2

A
  • 100% N2 = 14,460 RPM
  • Continuous 89%-95%
  • Caution 105.1%-106%
  • Max 106.1%
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15
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Electronic Engine Instrument Display (EEID)

Fuel Flow

A
  • 0 - 15,000 PPH
  • During start, 300-680 prior to ignition, 900 after ignition
  • Idle, ~800 pph
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16
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Fire/Overheat Detection and Extinguisher Systems

A

Logic Relay relationship between pulling fire switches and arming bottles

16
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Electronic Engine Instrument Display (EEID)

Oil

A
  • Oil Gauge is 0-100 psi
  • Continuous 11-92 psi
  • Warning outside 11-92 psi
  • Temp gauge -50 - 200
    Continuous -10 - 160
    Warning 175 and above
  • Engine start caution: -50C to -10C
17
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Fuel Control Systems

Throttles

A
  • Mechanically linked to MEC
  • Sets N2
  • Position sent to PMC to maintain N1
18
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Fuel Control Systems

MEC

A
  • Sets N2 by metering fuel based on throttle position, altitude, temperature
  • Changes variable stators and variable bleed valves
  • Controls turbine clearance system
  • Inputs include:
    • N1
    • Fuel flow
    • Fan inlet static pressure
    • Compressor inlet temp
    • Throttle position
    • Torque motor current
    • Compressor discharge pressure
    • VSV/VBV feedback
19
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Fuel Control Systems

PMC

A
  • Trims MEC
  • Inputs
    • MEC
    • Fan inlet static pressure
    • Fan inlet temp
    • Actual N1
20
Q

Controls and Indicators:

Function of the Engine Ignition Control and Start System

A
  • Open starter valve allows low pressure bleed air to the starter
  • Can be manually opened
  • Starter auto-cutout begins 43-45% and takes 3-9 seconds
21
Q

What are the 5 major sections of the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)?

A
  • Centrifugal Compressor
  • Turbine
  • Combustion Chamber
  • Load Compressor
  • Variable inlet guide vanes
22
Q

What are the 3 modes that you can run the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)?

A
  • Normal
  • Gen only
  • EWO
23
Q

What happens if you takeoff with the APUs running?

A

Squat switches start the Auto-Shutdown if you takeoff with the APU’s on

24
Q

APU controls:

Crew entry chute switch

A

Starts/Upgrades both APU’s to NORM

25
Q

APU controls:

Where can you start the APUs from?

A
  • APU control panel in the back
  • Crew entry chute
  • Pilot Start/Stop switches
26
Q

APU controls:

What does the EWO switch do?

A
  • Starts both APUs in EWO mode
  • To downgrade, must be shutdown and restarted
27
Q

APU controls:

APU Aft Control Panel

A
  • RPM gauge normally 100%-103%
  • RDY light at 100%
  • GEN only available from here
  • Surge Damper preload normally 1,600 psi
  • Start accumulator should be 3,000 (+/- 350) psi
28
Q

APU controls:

How much fuel does each mode use, and where does it draw its fuel from?

A
  • GEN only:150 pph
  • NORM: 250 pph
  • EWO: 275 pph
  • Fuel from #2 main tank
29
Q

Engine Operating Environment:

Where are the engine danger areas for ground personnel?

A

25’ in front and to the side
5’ behind the inlet

30
Q

Engine Operating Environment:

Cold Weather Ops

A
  • If less than -50C oil temp, heat oil, starter valve, MEC
  • Increasing oil pressure
  • Idle for 2 minutes prior to 70% N1
  • JP-8 below -23C specifics:
    • minor torching may occur
    • Check MEC set for JP-8
    • Max Motoring 25-27%
    • Monitor EGT
    • Abort start if no lightoff after 60 seconds
31
Q

Engine Operating Environment:

Hot Weather Ops

A
  • Do as much of the preflight as possible before starting engines
  • Expect slower acceleration because of less dense air
  • APU ambient temp limits in -1
32
Q

Engine Operating Environment:

Volcanic Ash Ops

A
  • Stay away!
  • Starter switches IGNITION, turn on bleed systems
  • Airspeed probably unreliable
  • Exit via shortest route, descend lowest thrust setting
  • Avoid rapid throttle movements
  • Record info required by -1 and report to maintenance

KC-135 Super Gouge (21 decks)

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