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Automotive Level 2 > Engine 2 - Fuel, Ignition, Air and Exhaust > Flashcards

Engine 2 - Fuel, Ignition, Air and Exhaust Flashcards

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1
Q

What is diesel fuel made of?

A

87% Carbon
11% nitrogen
1% sulfur

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2
Q

What is the meaning of the term flame travel?

A

Distance across the combustion chamber that the flame of the ignited mixture travels

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3
Q

What does NOx mean?

A

Nitrogen oxide and nitric oxide

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4
Q

What does the term octane refer to?

A

Petrol fuel

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5
Q

What does the term cetane refer to?

A

Diesel fuel

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the catalytic converter and what does it turn harmful gases into?

A

CO2, H2O, Nitrogen

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7
Q

What type of exhaust leak is each colour:
Blue smoke
White smoke
Black smoke

A

Oil
Water
Fuel

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8
Q

What does the ‘delay period’ in the combustion process refer to?

A

The period between fuel being injected into the cylinder and it self-igniting

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9
Q

What does a contactless breaker point do in a distributor?

A

Sends a message to each of the 4 cylinders to ignite, but not by using contact

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10
Q

What component replaced the distributor?

A

Carburetor

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11
Q

Referencing ignition, what is low tension and high tension?

A

Low voltage and high voltage

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12
Q

List the 3 components of a pre-carburetor car on the high tension side of the circuit

A

Distributor, spark plugs, coil

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13
Q

List the 3 components of a pre-carburetor car on the low tension side of the circuit

A

Timing control system, ignition switch battery

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14
Q

How is a distributor timed?

A

Using the camshaft

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15
Q

List the 3 types of contactless breaker point sensors used in electronic distributors

A

Inductive
Optical
Hall effect

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16
Q

How do inductive sensors work?

A

Consists of a coil and a magnet
Distributor shaft rotates and magnatically induces voltage in the coil, which turns on and off the primary circuit using transistors

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17
Q

How do optical sensors work?

A

Laser beams

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18
Q

Hall effect sensors are similar to inductive sensors. What is the difference?

A

Rather than an electronic and magnetic component, there are 2 magnetic components

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19
Q

What do passive sensors do?
What do active sensors do?

A

Detect natural emissions from the target
Emit their own energy and detect the reflection

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20
Q

What is the ideal fuel to air ratio inducted into the cylinder?

A

14.7:1

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21
Q

What is a pulse generator most commonly found in?

A

An electronic ignition system

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22
Q

What should you do before checking the exhaust emissions of an engine?

A

Run the engine until it reaches normal operating temperature

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23
Q

What does the injector do in a direct injection compression ignition engine?

A

Injects the fuel into the cylinder

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24
Q

Why are diesel engines fitted with a speed limiting device?

A

Prevent over revving

25
Q

Give one likely cause of an emissions test showing an excessive amount of Carbon Monoxide.

A

A defective spark plug

26
Q

What does the term naturally aspirated engine mean?

A

Air enters the engine at atmospheric pressure

27
Q

What is octane rating a property of?

A

Petrol

28
Q

What is the ‘delay period’ in the combustion cycle of a CI (diesel) engine?

A

The period before self-ignition when injected fuel absorbs heat

29
Q

Give one probable cause for engine misfires at all engine speeds?

A

A defective coil

30
Q

What fault would most likely highlight a defective coolant temperature sensor?

A

Excessive fuel consumption

31
Q

What will increasing the fuel injector pulse width do?

A

Inject more fuel

32
Q

What does a hot wire air flow sensor measure?

A

Airflow mass

33
Q

If an internal combustion engine compresses the intake air greater than atmospheric pressure what is it? 2 descriptions

A

Turbo-charged

34
Q

Which gas in an EGR system is designed to be reduced?

A

NOx

35
Q

What does a sequential fuel injection system do?

A

It delivers fuel to each cylinder in turn

36
Q

What is meant by the ‘flash point’ of a fuel?

A

The critical temperature at which the fuel will ignite

37
Q

What is cetane rating a property of?

A

Diesel

38
Q

What is important to do before removing petrol injectors?

A

Depressurise the fuel pipes

39
Q

On a D.I.S with a coil pack, when a spark occurs on the exhaust stroke it is described as a:

A

Wasted spark

40
Q

Where are the injectors located in multipoint fuel injection systems?

A

The inlet manifold

41
Q

What is the name for the fuel injection system which use of a single injector to sprays fuel towards a throttle?

A

A single point system

42
Q

List 2 exhaust gas products that are NOT harmful in the environment

A

CO2 and H2O

43
Q

What do direct injection S.I Engines inject fuel into?

A

The engine cylinder

44
Q

What are the two windings in an ignition coil known as?

A

Primary and secondary

45
Q

Severely over advanced ignition timing will cause

A

Pinking

46
Q

Where is the sensor that measures engine position and speed found?

A

Crankshaft or front pulley

47
Q

Where is the pressure regulator usually located in a multipoint fuel injection system?

A

On the fuel rail

48
Q

Why will setting spark plug gaps too wide will cause running problems?

A

The firing voltage will increase and the spark duration will decrease

49
Q

A M.A.P sensor changes ignition timing in relation to engine…

A

Load

50
Q

What is excessive fuel consumption due to a rich fuel mixture likely to cause?

A

Black smoke from the exhaust

51
Q

What do turbo-chargers and super-chargers both do?

A

Compress more air into a smaller space so that when in the cylinder, the compression stage is more powerful

52
Q

What are turbo-chargers powered by?
Where do they send air from and to?

A

A turbine
From exhaust and to intake manifold

53
Q

What are super-chargers powered by?
Where do they send air from and to?

A

The crankshaft
From outside air and to inlet manifold

54
Q

What are turbo-chargers and super-chargers both in the category of? (2 answers)

A

Forced induction
Dynamic compressors

55
Q

What is the most common type of supercharger?

A

Centrifugal supercharger

56
Q

What is the typical boost in air pressure caused by a turbo?
What is normal atmospheric pressure?
So what kind of increase is this?

A

6 to 8 or 5 to 10 pounds per square inch (psi)
14.7 psi
About 50% more

57
Q

What is the typical boost in air pressure caused by a supercharger?

A

6 to 9 or 5 to 30 psi

58
Q

List components of a turbo

A

Automotive Level 2 (21 decks)

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